taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B7D36FFFB719577B8EEAC28E9CFEC2.taxon	description	Montrouzier (1858) proposed the genus Acanthidium without any description, but with three originally included valid species, Acanthidium punctatissimum Montrouzier, 1858, A. cinctum Montrouzier, 1858 and A. armigerum Montrouzier, 1858, thus satisfying the requirement of the Code (ICZN 1999: Art. 12.2.5). He also mentioned another species, Acanthidium foetidum, but because he did not provide a description, the name was unavailable. The name Acanthidium Montrouzier, 1858 is, however, a junior homonym of the lantern shark genus Acanthidium Lowe, 1839 (now a junior subjective synonym of Etmopterus Rafinesque, 1810). Stål (1868) erected the genus Polycarmes and designated Acanthidium punctatissimum as its type species; he did not mention the genus Acanthidium at all so we do not know if he was aware of its homonymy. Kirkaldy (1904) proposed Acanthidiellum as a new replacement name for ‘ Acanthidium, Montv., 1864 [sic!] ’. Kirkaldy (1909) designated Acanthidium foetidum Signoret, 1861 as type species of Acanthidium Montrouzier, 1858, and based on that designation he placed Acanthidium and Acanthidiellum in synonymy of Coctoteris Stål, 1858. However, such a type species designation is invalid because Acanthidium foetidium was an unavailable name at the time of description of Acanthidium (ICZN 1999, Art. 67.2). This error was pointed out by Rider (1998) who fixed Acanthidium punctatissimum as type species of Acanthidium and placed both Acanthidium and Acanthidiellum as synonyms of Polycarmes Stål, 1868. Bousquet & Bouchard (2017) listed the genus Polycarmes Gistel, 1834 (junior objective synonym of Anoxia Laporte, 1832; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) as an available name, designated its type species and pointed out the necessity to replace its junior homonym, Polycarmes Stål, 1868. Despite the large and charismatic Polycarmes punctatissimus being possibly the best known species of Pentatomidae in New Caledonia (e. g., Anonymus 2025), the generic name Polycarmes Stål was only rarely mentioned in the literature as we found only ten references published since its original description (Stål 1868, Lethierry & Severin 1893, Distant 1899, 1914, 1920, Schouteden 1907, Kirkaldy 1909, Gross 1976, Rider 1998, Rider et al. 2018). In such a situation, the conservation of the name Polycarmes Stål is unnecessary and it is to be substituted with its only valid junior synonym, Acanthidiellum Kirkaldy, 1904. The following two new combinations are required:	en	Rider, David A., Edkins, Keith, Kment, Petr (2025): Acanthidiellum Kirkaldy, 1904 a valid substitute name for the preoccupied Acanthidium Montrouzier, 1858 and Polycarmes Stål, 1868 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa 5696 (2): 279-285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.2.7
03B7D36FFFB519577B8EE9818F8DFCF3.taxon	description	(Fig. 1)	en	Rider, David A., Edkins, Keith, Kment, Petr (2025): Acanthidiellum Kirkaldy, 1904 a valid substitute name for the preoccupied Acanthidium Montrouzier, 1858 and Polycarmes Stål, 1868 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa 5696 (2): 279-285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.2.7
