taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B787BB143FFF8225D88669BE04054E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, Parque Municipal da Lagoinha do Leste, Pântano do Sul. Trilha que leva a Lagoinha do Leste, na trilha, solo arenoso, ambiente aberto, 9 March 2012, R. Ardissone, R. Affonso & Th. Greco 128 (Holotype FLOR, Isotypes, ICN, MO, NY, K, RB)	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143FFF8225D88669BE04054E.taxon	description	Figure 1, A – F.	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143FFF8225D88669BE04054E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Differs from R. polyantha by having shorter spikelets (2.8 – 4.0 vs. 4.0 – 5.0 mm), fascicles with fewer spikelets, deciduous scales when the achenes are mature, and narrower leaves (1.6 – 2.0 (– 3) vs. 2.0 – 4.0 (– 4.5) mm).	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143FFF8225D88669BE04054E.taxon	description	Perennial, caespitose, rhizomes short. Culm erect, smooth, obtusely trigonous, up to 63 cm long and 1.5 – 2.5 mm wide. Leaves flattened, erect, linear, shorter than the culm, 1.6 – 2 (– 3) mm wide, smooth to slightly scabrous distally along margins and abaxially along the midvein. Inflorescence comprising a terminal and 1 – 4 lateral coflorescences, the peduncles 1 – 17 cm long, the subtending bracts 5 – 29 cm long and 1.0 - 2.0 mm wide; terminal coflorescence with 1 – 10 fascicles, the bracts longer than or equaling the anthelae; fascicles of 3 – 15 spikelets. Spikelets lanceolate, 2.8 – 4 × 0.7 – 1.4 mm, maturing 1 to 3 achenes, comprising 6 – 9 scales, the proximal 2 sterile, the next 3 – 5 subtending fertile flowers; scales brown, mucronate, cymbiform, ovate, 2.3 – 3.3 × 1 – 1.4 mm. Perianth bristles 6, shorter than or equaling the stylopodium, 1 – 2.4 mm long, antrorsely scabrous. Stigma bilobate. Stamen 1. Achene biconvex to almost plano-convex, obovoid to ellipsoid, 1 – 1.4 × 0.7 – 0.9 mm, pale to dark brown or greenish pale brown while immature, transversely rugulose, with 12 – 14 transverse rugae; stylopodium light brown, rarely blackish, triangular, 0.7 – 1.3 mm long, 0.4 – 0.5 mm wide in the base, with apex acute to acuminate; stipe 0.1 – 0.2 mm long.	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143FFF8225D88669BE04054E.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution: — The species has only been recorded so far in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, in the Atlantic Forest biome.	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143FFF8225D88669BE04054E.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: — Open, dry or humid areas from the coast to the high fields at elev. 1400 m. Found in environments such as damp or drained fields, marshes, bogs, river banks, forest edges and hillside forest clearings. Phenology: — Collected in fruit throughout the year.	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143FFF8225D88669BE04054E.taxon	conservation	IUCN Classification: — Near Threatened (NT) [Extent of occurrence: (NT); Area of occupancy: (LC)]. The categorization IUCN as Near Threatened (NT) is due to the scarcity of data, since the species is relatively common and occurs in different environments, from the coast to high fields.	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143FFF8225D88669BE04054E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet refers to the glumes that are deciduous as soon as the fruit matures, a striking feature in this species.	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143FFF8225D88669BE04054E.taxon	discussion	Note: — This species has enough variation in the attributes of achenes, which appear to be close to R. polyantha and R. marisculus. It differs from R. polyantha in the usually narrower leaves (1.6 – 2 (– 3) vs. 2 – 4 (– 4.5) mm), scattered fascicles with fewer spikelets, shorter spikelets (2.8 – 4.0 vs. 4.0 – 5.0 mm) and deciduous scales when the achenes are mature. It differs from R. marisculus mainly in the shorter spikelets (2.8 – 4.0 vs. 4.5 – 6.5 mm) and bristles shorter than or equaling the stylopodium (vs. widely surpassing the stylopodium apex). (see Table 1).	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143FFF8225D88669BE04054E.taxon	materials_examined	Additional Collections (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: São Francisco de Paula, CPCN Pró Mata, 23 Oct 2004, P. M. A. Ferreira 35 (MPUC); São Francisco de Paula, CPCN Pró Mata, Apr 2004, P. M. A. Ferreira 94 (MPUC); São Francisco de Paula, 29 ° 23 ’ 27,48 ” S 50 ° 23 ’ 0,85 ” W, elev. 894 m, 4 March 2012, P. J. S. Silva Filho 1516 (ICN); Santa Catarina: Águas Mornas elev. 350 m 27 March 1973, R. Klein & Bresolin 10960 (HBR); Blumenau, 27 ° 01 ’ 19,26 ” S 49 ° 06 ’ 52,97 ” W, elev. 423 m, 25 Feb 2013, L. A. Funez 1798 (FURB);	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143EFF8125D88477BAF1078B.taxon	materials_examined	Neotype (designated here): — VENEZUELA. Anzoátegui: Distrito Freites, cerro Peonía, above Los Pajaritos, 31 airline km NE of Bergantín and N of Mundo Nuevo, Serranía de Turimiquire, 10 ° 06 ’ N 64 ° 06 ’ W, elev. ca. 1700 m, slopes upper ridges and top of mountain, 2 – 3 Dec 1981, G. Davidse & A. C. González 19831 (MO!, NY).	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143EFF8125D88477BAF1078B.taxon	description	Figure 1, G – K. Perennial, caespitose, rhizomes short often with vertical stolons. Culms erect to recurved, flexible to slightly rigid, cylindrical, canaliculate, smooth, 12 – 50 (– 66) cm long, 0.4 – 0.7 mm long. Leaves flexible, filiform, subcylindrical, canaliculate, 0.5 mm wide and up to 40 cm long, scabrous on distal margins. Inflorescence terminal and 1 – 2 lateral, remote, long peduncled, bracts exceeding subtending inflorescence, fascicles of 2 – 5 spikelets; terminal inflorescence a simple anthela with 2 fascicles of 4 – 7 (– 18) spikelets. Spikelets lanceolate, 3.7 – 5 × 0.7 – 1.7 mm, 2 – 4 - flowered, with 1 – 2 achenes, scales brown, broadly oval, keeled, mucronate. Perianth bristles 6, reaching the middle of the achene to the tip of the stylopodium, antrorsely scabrous, often barbed at the base. Bilobate stigma. Stamen 1 – 3; Achene usually brown, rarely dark brown, ellipsoid, biconvex, 1.5 – 1.9 × 0.9 – 1.2 mm, transversely rugose, with 15 – 17 transverse rugae, subapically constricted; stylopodium triangular to compressed tongue-shaped, white to brown, apex acute, margins smooth, (0.4 –) 0.5 – 0.6 (– 0.9) mm long and 0.5 – 0.8 mm wide at the base; stipe 0.2 – 0.4 mm long.	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143EFF8125D88477BAF1078B.taxon	distribution	Geographical distribution: — The species is disjunct between Venezuela and southeastern and southern Brazil.	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143EFF8125D88477BAF1078B.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: — In Venezuela, occurs in open marsh and rocky areas on the slopes and ridges of the mountains, and cloud forest at elevations between 1700 and 2350 m. In Brazil, occurs in wetlands and peatlands; it is associated with cold regions on high fields between 800 and 2000 m elevation. Phenology: — Collected with fruits between October and April.	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143EFF8125D88477BAF1078B.taxon	conservation	IUCN classification: — Least Concern (LC) [Extent of occurrence: (LC); Area of occupancy: (LC)].	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143EFF8125D88477BAF1078B.taxon	discussion	Note: — When comparing specimens collected in Venezuela with those in southern Brazil (see Table 2), we observed that the differences are very subtle. Mostly, these differences are related to the number of spikelets in the inflorescence, color of achene and relative size of perigonial bristles. In our view, these features are variable and may have different states in the same individual, or between individuals of the same population. In addition, there is a very large overlap between the different vegetative characteristics of the materials from Brazil and Venezuela. Therefore, in this first analysis, morphological data did not allow us to separate the material from southern and southeastern Brazil as a distinct species. This research found just eight collections of this species in Venezuela. Steyermark (1957) treats R. gollmeri as a rare species, originally collected around Caracas (probably in the 1850 s), and apparently there were no records of new collections in Venezuela until 1945. In Brazil, however, the species is relatively common in bogs in Campos de altitude of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. In wetlands with thick Sphagnum, it may have vertical stolons (P. Weber 298) and longer, sometimes prostrate culms, and only a few leaves, making it more difficult to see. In wetlands without Sphagnum, it usually has shorter stems and a higher number of leaves. Its only record for the southeast region of Brazil is in Rio de Janeiro, in Itatiaia at 2000 m elevation. This is a species associated with cold, damp weather, probably restricted to high elevations. It is believed that this disjunct distribution of the taxon is related to the topography and climate features of South America. The central part of Brazil consists mainly of plains and plateaus at 600 – 1650 m, with a long dry season, which is probably a limiting factor for the occurrence of the species in central Brazil. This disjunction of populations may have occurred by vicariance or long-distance dispersal. In the case of vicariance, groups of species of different families would be expected to become relict in the same areas and have similar distribution, but this has not been detected to date. Thus, the second possibility is more likely; this process may have taken place by long-distance dispersal of the fruits, which has possibly occurred through migratory birds that inhabit these similar environments in the two countries. In addition, Steyermark (1957) erroneously treats Rhynchospora tenerrima Boeckeler as a synonym of R. gollmeri, both having been published in the same work. Later, Thomas (1998) clarifies the issue by treating R. tenerrima Boeckeler as a synonym of R. tepuiana Steyermark. Neotypification proved to be necessary because the only material originally indicated in the protologue, J. Gollmer s. n, from Caracas in the Federal District, which was at B and was destroyed. Therefore, we have chosen as the neotype a collection also from Venezuela (G. Davidse & A. C. González 19831), which was collected about 280 km east of where Julius Gollmer collected the original type.	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
03B787BB143EFF8125D88477BAF1078B.taxon	materials_examined	Selected material: — BRAZIL. Paraná: Campina Grande do Sul, Estrada rio Taquary – border, 11 Nov 1960, G. Hatschbach 7478 (MBM); Palmas, Santo Agostinho, 6 Dec 1971, G. Hatschbach 28300 (MBM); Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Lagoa da Lapa, elev. 2000 m, 5 Feb 1970, T. Koyama et al. 13668 (CTES, NY); Rio Grande do Sul: Cambará do Sul, Faxinal, Dec 1983, M. Sobral & J. R. Stehmann 2654, (ICN); Cambará do Sul, canyon Fortaleza, 29 ° 4 ’ 3.36 ” S 49 ° 57 ’ 54.88 ” W, elev. 1026 m, 13 Apr 2013, P. Weber & G. Hassemer 358 (FLOR); São José dos Ausentes, canyon Monte Negro, 28 ° 36 ’ 53.47 ” S 49 ° 47 ’ 47.40 ” W, elev. 1344 m, 12 Apr 2013, P. Weber & G. Hassemer 342 (FLOR); Santa Catarina: Água Doce, Campos de Palmas, 26 ° 36 ’ S; 51 ° 45 ’ W, elev. 1200 – 1300 m, 5 Dec 1964, L. B. Smith & Reitz 13656 (HBR); Bom Jardim da Serra, headwaters of Rio Capivari, 17 Dec 1971, L. B. Smith et al. 15858 (HBR); Bom Jardim da Serra, Top of Serra do Rio do Rastro, 28 ° 23 ’ 31.1 ” S 49 ° 32 ’ 56.4 ” W, elev. 1411 m, 12 Apr 2013, P. Weber & G. Hassemer 307 (FLOR); Bom Jardim da Serra, Top of Morro da Igreja, 28 ° 07 ’ 36.6 ” S 49 ° 28 ’ 51.2 ” W, elev. 1796 m, 11 Apr 2013, P. Weber & G. Hassemer 296 (FLOR), 298 (FLOR), 299 (FLOR); Bom Retiro, Campo dos Padres, 23 Jan 1957, L. B. Smith & Reitz 10332 (HBR, MO); Curitibanos, elev. 1200 – 1250 m, 6 Dec 1956, L. B. Smith & R. Klein 8382 (HBR); Matos Costa, elev. 1200 m, 9 Dec 1962, R. Klein 3613 (HBR); Porto União, elev. 1200 m, 20 Dec 1956, L. B. Smith & Reitz 8912 (HBR); Porto União, Fazenda Frei Rogério, elev. 750 m, 18 Dec 1956, L. B. Smith & Reitz 8701 (HBR); São Joaquim, elev. 1200 m, 16 Jan 1957, L. B. Smith & Reitz 10116 (HBR); Urubici, Campo dos Padres, 27 ° 59 ’ 29 ” S 49 ° 19 ’ 42 ” W, elev. 1421 m, 28 Apr 2006, A. Zanin et al. 1099 A (FLOR); Urubici, 28 ° 07 ’ 13.8 ” S 49 ° 28 ’ 45.3 ” W, elev. 1766 m, 11 Apr 2013, P. Weber & G. Hassemer 304 (FLOR); 306 (FLOR); VENEZUELA: Anzoátegui: Distrito Freites, 10 ° 06 ’ N 64 ° 06 ’ W, elev. 1700 m, 2 Dec 1981, G. Davidse & A. C. González 19831 (MO, NY); Distrito Libertad, 10 ° 04 ’ 30 ” N 64 ° 11 ’ W, elev. 2000 – 2350 m, 28 Nov 1981, G. Davidse & A. C. González 19616 (MO).	en	Weber, Philipy, Trevisan, Rafael (2017): Rhynchospora caduciglumis a new species of Rhynchospora section Glaucae and neotypification of Rhynchospora gollmeri (Cyperaceae). Phytotaxa 292 (2): 196-200, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.292.2.7
