identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A90F16FFBEFFB3075BFDFED89AF88C.text	03A90F16FFBEFFB3075BFDFED89AF88C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuqaia Li 1993	<div><p>Genus Kuqaia Li, 1993 emended.</p><p>1993 Kuqaia Li, pp. 72, 74.</p><p>Type species. Kuqaia quadrata Li, 1993 .</p><p>Emended diagnosis. Shell single-layered, bilaterally symmetrical, splitting along venter. Shell surface ornamented with a series of concentric and/or radial ridges. Concentric and radial ridges initiate on the ventral side. Caudal end tapered, acute. Peduncles variably present on the postventral sides.</p><p>Remarks. The diagnosis of Kuqaia is here emended to encompass characters of Kuqaia scanicus sp. nov., i.e., the presence of two lateral peduncles at the caudal end (Figs 2 and 3).</p><p>Three species of Kuqaia were originally defined from the Mesozoic of China based on surface ornamentation: Kuqaia quadrata, characterized by “checked ornamentation”, K. concentrica, having “concentrical ridges thicker than radial ones”, and K. radiata, with “well-developed radial ridges” ([18], pp. 74–75). Two additional species were subsequently established: K. yangii, characterized by “concentric ridges on dorsum and venter and radial ridges on lateral sides”, and K. yanqiensis, having a “weakly ornamented or smooth shell surface” ([25], p. 303). Aneules cucuma was also transferred to Kuqaia [25]; however, identification of this species is problematic owing to the discrepancy between the illustration of the holotype and its description ([19]; Fig 4).</p><p>Although several species have been described (Fig 4), Kuqaia quadrata has been applied in a broad sense to all Kuqaia specimens recorded from the Norwegian offshore Jurassic strata based on the ornamentation in that population varying according to the contrasting degree and angle of compaction, and the quality of preservation [28]. Although some intraspecific variation is expected in the ornamentation of ephippia, we assign Kuqaia specimens to several discrete species, since there are clear visible differences among specimens regarding the pattern and robustness of shell surface ornamentation.</p><p>Among other acid-resistant mesofossil groups, the putative seed membrane Chrysotheca diskoensis Miner, 1935, with “oblong-ovate” body shape, bearing “3–6 plicate [sic] to the base, sessile or apparently short stalked” ornamentation on the body ([35], p. 590), has superficial morphological similarities to Kuqaia concentrica in bearing a predominance of concentric ridges. A later record of Chrysotheca diskoensis possesses transverse, although very thin and indistinct, ridge-like structures ([36], fig 36), which are somewhat similar to the ornament of Kuqaia quadrata but they encompass much larger lumina. Specimens of the dispersed seed membrane Spermatites reticulatus Kutluk &amp; Hills, 2017 are also similar to Kuqaia quadrata in their possession of a raised reticulum/chequered ridges forming square and rectangular lumina, and some have a short stalk at the base of the main body [37]. However, Spermatites has radial symmetry and likely represents the megaspore membrane or inner testa coat of a seed-plant.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A90F16FFBEFFB3075BFDFED89AF88C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Peng, Jungang;Slater, Sam M.;McLoughlin, Stephen;Vajda, Vivi	Peng, Jungang, Slater, Sam M., McLoughlin, Stephen, Vajda, Vivi (2023): New species of Kuqaia from the Lower Jurassic of Sweden indicates a possible water flea (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) affinity. PLoS ONE (e 0282247) 18 (6): 1-20, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282247
03A90F16FFB9FFB7075BF948DF51FD6C.text	03A90F16FFB9FFB7075BF948DF51FD6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuqaia scanicus Peng & Slater & McLoughlin & Vajda 2023	<div><p>Kuqaia scanicus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2 and 3</p><p>Derivation of name. The specific epithet scanicus (Latin) refers to the discovery of this taxon in the southernmost province of Sweden, Scania (Skåne).</p><p>Holotype. NRM X12700 (Figs 2 and 3).</p><p>Material. Only the holotype, lacking the caudal end, is available.</p><p>Type stratum and age. Katslösa Member, Rya Formation; Pliensbachian.</p><p>Diagnosis. A Kuqaia bearing long peduncles on the lateral sides of the postventral margin.</p><p>Description. Shell reniform in lateral view; elliptical in dorso-ventral view. Concentric ridges weakly defined on the posterior half, conspicuous in the central part represented by c. 10 ridges, indistinct towards the ventral, dorsal, and the anterior parts. Radial ridges, well-developed on the anterior half with c. 19 ridges, becoming less well defined in the central part, and indistinct towards the posterior. Concentric and radial ridges are never strongly raised. Collar-shaped postventral margin is poorly preserved. Two long peduncles initiate from the lateral part of the postventral margin, are thicker on the posterior side, pointed at the terminus, c. 1200 μm long, and c. 35 μm wide at the posterior side. Peduncles bear weak, parallel and transverse ridges that become indistinct towards the tip. Back inconspicuous. Caudal spine damaged.</p><p>Comparison. This species is distinguished from all other representatives in the genus based on its possession of long peduncles.</p><p>Dimensions. Length 443 μm; width 200 μm (one specimen).</p><p>Occurrence unit and age. 40.40– 39.60 m, Kävlinge BH-928; Katslösa Member, Rya Formation; Pliensbachian.</p><p>Remarks. The caudal spine of Kuqaia was initially emphasized as a primary morphological feature of this fossil group [18]. However, this slender structure is susceptible to breakage. On the single specimen stored in NRM, the central part of the postventral side of the shell is lacking due to incomplete preservation (Figs 2A and 3E). Since the other morphological characteristics of this species fall into the diagnosis of Kuqaia, we attribute the Swedish specimen to this genus, and infer that the caudal spine has been removed by physical damage.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A90F16FFB9FFB7075BF948DF51FD6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Peng, Jungang;Slater, Sam M.;McLoughlin, Stephen;Vajda, Vivi	Peng, Jungang, Slater, Sam M., McLoughlin, Stephen, Vajda, Vivi (2023): New species of Kuqaia from the Lower Jurassic of Sweden indicates a possible water flea (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) affinity. PLoS ONE (e 0282247) 18 (6): 1-20, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282247
03A90F16FFBAFFB7075BFD1DD9D4FA84.text	03A90F16FFBAFFB7075BFD1DD9D4FA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuqaia concentrica Li 1993	<div><p>Kuqaia concentrica Li, 1993</p><p>Fig 5A–5E</p><p>Material. NRM X12701; NRM X12702.</p><p>Description. Shell reniform in lateral view; elliptical in dorso-ventral view. Concentric ridges well-developed, 21–27 ridges on one valve, blade-shaped, or widened to 2–3.5 μm. Radial ridges weakly developed on the dorsal and lateral sides on one specimen. Collar-shaped margin poorly preserved on one specimen, c. 22 μm high. Back inconspicuous on these laterally preserved specimens. Caudal spine damaged.</p><p>Comparison. This species is distinguished from other species by its pronounced concentric ridges.</p><p>Dimensions. Length 444(451)457 μm; width 171(202)233 μm (two specimens).</p><p>Remarks. Two specimens are assigned to Kuqaia concentrica based on the ornamentation dominated by concentric ridges (Fig 5A–5E). One specimen is characterized by distinct blade-shaped concentric ridges on the shell, with weak radial ridges (Fig 5A and 5B). The other specimen is characterized by wider concentric ridges with modestly developed radial ridges in the dorsal and lateral parts (Fig 5D and 5E), resulting in a weakly developed pattern of chequered ridges similar to that in Kuqaia quadrata (Fig 5F and 5G). Nevertheless, the dominance of concentric ridges in the shell ornamentation of this specimen favours assignment to Kuqaia concentrica .</p><p>Occurrence, unit and age. 57.00– 56.50 m and 46.97– 46.07 m, Kävlinge BH-928; Katslösa Member, Rya Formation; Pliensbachian.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A90F16FFBAFFB7075BFD1DD9D4FA84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Peng, Jungang;Slater, Sam M.;McLoughlin, Stephen;Vajda, Vivi	Peng, Jungang, Slater, Sam M., McLoughlin, Stephen, Vajda, Vivi (2023): New species of Kuqaia from the Lower Jurassic of Sweden indicates a possible water flea (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) affinity. PLoS ONE (e 0282247) 18 (6): 1-20, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282247
03A90F16FFBAFFB9075BFAE5D99BF95C.text	03A90F16FFBAFFB9075BFAE5D99BF95C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuqaia quadrata Li 1993	<div><p>Kuqaia quadrata Li, 1993</p><p>Figs 5E, 5F, 6, 7F and 7G</p><p>Material. NRM X12703; NRM X12704; NRM X12705; NRM X12706.</p><p>Description. Shell reniform in lateral view; elliptical in dorso-ventral view. Shell surface covered with 34–51 radial and 21 concentric ridges (based on a specimen preserved in lateral view). Ridges are flat-crested, never blade-shaped; radial ridges 5–9 μm wide, concentric ridges 7–13 μm wide. Radial and concentric ridges are equally developed, forming a regular, rectangular mesh-like ornamentation. Collar-shaped margin preserved on one specimen, 22 μm high. Back conspicuous, slightly thicker than concentric ridges. Caudal spine damaged.</p><p>Comparison: This species is distinguished from other species based on the prominence of both concentric and radial ridges forming a chequered pattern.</p><p>Dimensions: Length 413(449)467 μm; width 150(186)240 μm (four specimens).</p><p>Remarks. One specimen (NRMX12704) with an ornamentation of regular rectangular meshes composed of flat interconnecting ridges (Fig 6A–6C), shows a predominance of concentric ridges at the venter and dorsum, and radial ridges in the lateral parts, possibly representing an intermediate ornamentation between Kuqaia yangii Cui et al., 2004 and K. quadrata . However, this specimen is broken, and the concentric ridges at the venter are inconspicuous; we tentatively identify it as Kuqaia quadrata .</p><p>Occurrence, unit and age. 46.97– 46.07 m, 42.25– 41.15 m, Kavlinge BH-928; Katslösa Member, Rya Formation; Pliensbachian.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A90F16FFBAFFB9075BFAE5D99BF95C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Peng, Jungang;Slater, Sam M.;McLoughlin, Stephen;Vajda, Vivi	Peng, Jungang, Slater, Sam M., McLoughlin, Stephen, Vajda, Vivi (2023): New species of Kuqaia from the Lower Jurassic of Sweden indicates a possible water flea (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) affinity. PLoS ONE (e 0282247) 18 (6): 1-20, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282247
03A90F16FFB4FFBB075BF94DD8F7FE5C.text	03A90F16FFB4FFBB075BF94DD8F7FE5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kuqaia radiata Li 1993	<div><p>Kuqaia radiata Li, 1993</p><p>Fig 7A–7E</p><p>Material. NRM X12707; NRM X12708.</p><p>Description. Shell reniform in lateral view; elliptical in dorso-ventral view. Radial ridges well-developed; 31–33 in number, flat-crested or blade-shaped, 3–7 μm wide. Concentric ridges generally weak, slightly more developed at venter and/or dorsum. On one specimen, concentric ridges incompletely developed at lateral sides, rarely reaching anterior and posterior. Back distinct. Collar-shaped margin and caudal spine are damaged.</p><p>Comparison. This species is distinguished from others by the predominance of radial ridges.</p><p>Dimensions. Length 365(383)400 μm; width 160(164)167 μm (two specimens).</p><p>Remarks. One specimen with both radial and concentric ridges forms a partially reticulate ornamentation (Fig 7C–7E). However, the shell surface is unambiguously dominated by radial ridges, thus favouring assignment to Kuqaia radiata .</p><p>Occurrence, unit and age. 46.97– 46.07 m, Kävlinge BH-928; Katslösa Member, Rya Formation; Pliensbachian.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A90F16FFB4FFBB075BF94DD8F7FE5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Peng, Jungang;Slater, Sam M.;McLoughlin, Stephen;Vajda, Vivi	Peng, Jungang, Slater, Sam M., McLoughlin, Stephen, Vajda, Vivi (2023): New species of Kuqaia from the Lower Jurassic of Sweden indicates a possible water flea (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) affinity. PLoS ONE (e 0282247) 18 (6): 1-20, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282247
