identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A9E109FF932F37FE55B8C8FDE1FD32.text	03A9E109FF932F37FE55B8C8FDE1FD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyriocosmus Simon 1903	<div><p>Genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903</p><p>Synonymies</p><p>Erythropoicila Fischel, 1927; Pseudhomoeomma Mello-Leitão, 1930</p><p>Type species</p><p>Cyriocosmus sellatus (Simon 1889)</p><p>Generic diagnosis</p><p>Differs from all known genera of Theraphosinae by the presence of the paraembolic apophysis in male palpal bulbs (Figures 25, 26) and by the presence of spermathecae with two separated spiral seminal receptacles, mostly terminating with caliciform or globular extension (Figure 29a – h), with reversion in C. nogueira-netoi having S-shaped receptacles, in combination with the presence of the type III urticating setae (Kaderka 2010, figure 13) in the central patch on dorsal abdomen (Figures 3d, 6d, 10d, 11d, 13d, 14d, 16d, 19c, 20d, 21c, 23c).</p><p>Species included</p><p>C. bertae Pérez-Miles, 1998, C. blenginii Pérez-Miles, 1998, C. chicoi Pérez-Miles, 1998, C. elegans (Simon, 1889), C. fasciatus (Mello-Leitão, 1930), C. fernandoi Fukushima, Bertani and da Silva, 2005, C. leetzi Vol, 1999, C. nogueiranetoi Fukushima, Bertani and da Silva, 2005, C. perezmilesi Kaderka, 2007, C. pribiki Pérez-Miles and Weinmann, 2009, C. ritae Pérez-Miles, 1998, C. sellatus (Simon, 1889), C. venezuelensis Kaderka, 2010, C. versicolor (Simon, 1897) .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Cyriocomus is exclusive to (sub-)tropical South America (Schiapelli and Gerschman de Pikelin 1973) including northern Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Tobago, Trinidad and Venezuela, including Isla Margarita (Figure 36). Spiders of the genus inhabit tropical and non-tropical areas, lowland rainforests as well as high-altitude forests at the elevation of 3000 m asl (Fukushima et al. 2005; Pérez-Miles and Weinmann 2009).</p><p>Description</p><p>The genus Cyriocosmus comprises small to medium-sized spiders, with total length 10 – 32 mm, excluding chelicerae and spinnerets. Carapace oval, uniformly coloured or with bicoloured pattern. Caput moderately domed. Eye tubercle oval, flattened, distinctly wider than longer, with eight eyes, anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior row slightly recurved in dorsal view, a group of strong setae present on the median anterior margin of the tubercle. Clypeus absent to very narrow. Fovea transverse, straight to slightly procurved. Chelicerae without rastellum and stridulatory bristles, with teeth on promargin (7 – 10), first basal teeth are complemented with granulation. Labium domed, wider than longer, with 30 – 100 cuspules in anterior third, maxillae with 100 – 360 cuspules in basal half on ventral side, maxillary lobe pronounced into conical process. Variability in number of labial and maxillary cuspules in Cyriocosmus perezmilesi was described by Kaderka (2010). Labiosternal groove distinct, shallow and flat, with two slightly separate or joined elongated sigilla. Sternum oval, with three pairs of small, oval sigilla located near coxae III, coxae II and coxae I, posteriorly separated from the margin approximately by their own diameter. Legs uniformly hirsute, with (Figures 12b, 17b, 34) or without (Figures 1b, 7) whitish or yellowish longitudinal striation on dorsal side. Leg pattern (from longest to shortest): I&gt;IV&gt;II&gt;III in Cyriocosmus ritae or IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III in all congeners. Leg segments: generally uniform to slightly incrassate on femur III. Incrassate tibia I is present in males of C. ritae only (Figure 24b).</p><p>Dense scopulae on ventral side of all tarsi, metatarsi partly scopulate, scopulae more extended on anterior than on posterior legs. Tarsal scopulae I, II usually undivided, on tarsi III, IV usually divided by longitudinal band of setae. Retrolateral side of femur IV and prolateral side of femur I without pad of plumose setae. Maxillary and trochanteral stridulatory setae or bristles absent. Spination as in species descriptions. Dorsal side of all tarsi with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Paired tarsal claws without teeth, third claw absent in all tarsi. Claw tufts dense, bilobate, present on all tarsi.</p><p>Abdomen uniformly coloured (Figures 1b, 7) or with lateral stripes (Figures 12b, 16c, 17b, 34). Urticating setae of type III (Kaderka 2010, figure 13) with very short reversed barbs are located in central semicircular (Figure 13d) to U-shaped glossy patch (Figures 17b, 34) . Abdomen ventrally with (Figures 16e, 23d) or without dark longitudinal band. Four spinnerets present. PLS composed of three digitiform segments. PMS digitiform, mono-segmented.</p><p>Male palpal organ: embolus with long (Figure 26a – d) or short PA (Figures 25, 26e – h, 32a – d) and with smooth (Figures 25a – d, 26e – h, 32a – d) or crested PS keel (Fukushima et al. 2005, figures 1 – 4), PS keel is absent only in males of Cyriocosmus giganteus sp. nov. (Figure 25g, h). Apical keel is present only in Cyriocosmus versicolor and Cyriocosmus perezmilesi (Figure 32g, h; Fukushima et al. 2005, figures 1, 2). Tegulum with distinct granulated TP, projecting prolaterally (Figure 25a – h). Retrolateral face of cymbium with (Figure 24a) or without basal field of spiniform setae (in Fukushima et al. 2005 called ‘ spines ’). Palpal tibia with distinct (Figures 2e, 5e, 18e) or indistinct (Figures 18c, 20f) retrolateral process which is usually covered with numerous spiniform setae, absent in males of C. fernandoi, C. hoeferi sp. nov., C. nogueiranetoi and C. versicolor . Two unequal tibial apophyses are present on tibia I (Figures 27, 28): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis, usually with short apical spine and a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis usually with single, well-developed retrolateral spine at base. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved, without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face, except the males of C. ritae having a median protuberance (Figure 24b). Male metatarsus I flexion between both tibial apophyses, except C. fernandoi and C. versicolor with flexion on retrolateral side of retrolateral tibial apophysis, C. pribiki on retrolateral tibial apophysis and C. ritae with flexion on prolateral tibial apophysis.</p><p>Females with spermathecae composed of two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminating with caliciform (Figure 29a, f, g) or globular extension (Figure 29b, c, e, h), with or without sclerotized basal plates. If present they can be flat (Figure 29a, f) or convex (Figures 29c, g, 35a, b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109FF932F37FE55B8C8FDE1FD32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kaderka, Radan	Kaderka, Radan (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History 50: 393-465, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
03A9E109FF952F38FE51B8E1FBF4FA0B.text	03A9E109FF952F38FE51B8E1FBF4FA0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyriocosmus peruvianus Kaderka 2015	<div><p>Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 1 – 3, 25a, b, 27a, 29a, 30, 33a – d, Tables 1, 2)</p><p>Types</p><p>Male holotype (NMPC P6 A-5725) from Peru, Iquitos, Rio Nanay, village of Cuyana, 2008, Hans-Werner Auer col .; one female paratype (NMPC P6 A-5726) and one male paratype (SMFD), the same locality and date as the holotype, Jorge Portilla col .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is derived from a distribution area covering a part of the Peruvian Amazon rainforest.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Cyriocosmus peruvianus sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners, except C. itayensis sp. nov., C. aueri sp. nov., C. giganteus sp. nov., C. bertae and C. pribiki, by its uniformly coloured carapace and abdomen and by the short paraembolic apophysis in male palpal bulb. It differs from C. itayensis sp. nov., C. aueri sp. nov., C. bertae and C. pribiki by having the caliciform extension in female seminal receptacles, from C. itayensis sp. nov. also by the different morphology of male palpal bulb, from C. aueri sp. nov. also by the different coloration and the flat basal plates of female seminal receptacles, from C. giganteus sp. nov. by having the prolateral superior keel in male palpal bulb and the embolus approximately twice as long, from C. bertae also by having a smooth prolateral superior keel and by the presence of a retrolateral process on male palpal tibia, from C. pribiki also by the different coloration, flat basal plates of female seminal receptacles, cymbium without spiniform setae and by the metatarsal flexion between the two tibial apophyses.</p><p>Distribution (Figures 36, 37)</p><p>Known only from Maynas province in Loreto region, Rio Nanay near Iquitos in Peru. The region is a part of the Amazonian lowland originally covered with rainforest.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (NMPC P6A-5725) (Figures 1a, 2, 25a, b, 27a): Total length: 18.2, carapace length 9.6, width 8.2, chelicerae with 8 – 9 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: VVvVV-V-VVV, 1 small and 8 big teeth. Left side: VVVV-V-VVV, 8 big</p><p>teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 2c): AME 0.39 (circular), ALE 0.39 (oval), PME 0.29 (oval), PLE 0.36 (oval), AME – AME 0.08, AME – ALE 0.10, PME – PME 0.73, PME – PLE 0.08, ALE – PLE 0.13,</p><p>AME – PME 0.06, OQ length 0.83, width 1.61. Ocular tubercle flattened, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 0.8, 6.0 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.27, width 1.73, anterior third with 77 cuspules, maxillae with 221 – 231 cuspules in basal half. Sternum length 4.6, width 4.0, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.31, 0.47 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.26, 0.26 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.13, 0.28 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. Incrassate leg segments: slightly incrassate femur III.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I, II 50%, metatarsi III 40%, metatarsi IV 15% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II undivided, intermixed with long setae in longitudinal row, tarsal scopulae III, IV divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I p 0-0-1 (apical), II 0, III d 0-0-1 (apical), IV d 0-0-1 (apical) and femora of palps 0; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I p 0-1-0, II p 1-1-0, v 0-0-2 (apical), III p 1-1-0, r 1-0-0, v 0-0-2 (apical), IV p 1-1-0, r 1-1-0, v 1-2-2 (apical) and tibiae of palps p 0-1-0; metatarsi I p 0-1-0, v 0-0-1 (apical), II p 0-1-0, v 0-0-3 (apical), III p 2-1-1 (apical), r 0-1-1 (apical), v 2-2-3 (apical), IV p 0-1-1 (apical), r 0-1-1 (apical), v 1-2-3 (apical), tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Palpal organ as in Figure 25a and b, embolus with short PA and with smooth PS keel. Tegulum with distinct granulated TP, projecting prolaterally. Retrolateral face of cymbium without basal field of spiniform setae. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with distinct subapical protuberance covered with cluster of numerous spiniform setae (Figure 2e). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I (Figure 27a): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with very short apical spine, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with single, well-developed retrolateral spine at base and approximately of the same length as prolateral tibial apophysis. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. Metatarsus I flexion is between both tibial apophyses.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 5.98, basal segment 2.18, middle segment 1.52, apical segment 2.28, all digitiform. PMS: 1.05.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figures 1a, 2a): carapace uniformly reddishbrown, and covered with golden pubescence, without dark caput, coxae, trochantera and chelicerae reddish-brown, and covered with golden pubescence, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi black, intermixed with long, pale setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two distinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with single diagonal stripe. Abdomen covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central reddish-brown glossy patch in shape of heart. Length of central patch: 3.6, width 4.0. Ventral view (Figure 2b): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black. Abdomen ventrally without dark longitudinal band (Figure 2d). Spinnerets dark brown.</p><p>Female (NMPC P6A-5726) (Figures 3a – e, 29a): Total length: 23.0, carapace length 10.1, width 9.2, chelicerae with 9 – 10 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vvvvv-VvVVV, 6 smaller and 4 big teeth. Left side: vvvvvV-VVV, 5 smaller and 4 big teeth. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 3c): AME 0.42 (circular), ALE 0.52 (oval), PME 0.26 (oval), PLE 0.42 (oval), AME – AME 0.16, AME – ALE 0.16, PME – PME 0.86, PME – PLE 0.03, ALE – PLE 0.16, AME – PME 0.12, OQ length 0.91, width 1.91. Ocular tubercle: length 1.35, width 1.91, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 1.76, 7.22 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.47, width 1.85, anterior quarter with 94 cuspules, maxillae with 218 – 234 cuspules. Sternum length 4.6, width 4.58, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.52, 0.44 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.26, 0.34 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.23, 0.36 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. All leg segments uniform.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 50%, metatarsi II, III 40%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II divided by longitudinal line of setae, tarsal scopulae III, IV divided by longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I d 0-0-1, II d 0-0-1, III 0, IV 0 and femora of palps d 0-0-1; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I 0, II v 0-0-2 (apical), III v 0-0-2 (apical), p 1-1-0, r 1-1-0, IV v 0-0-2 (apical), r 1-0-1 and tibiae of palps 0; metatarsi I v 0-1-2 (apical), II v 0-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1 (apical), III v 1-1-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-1 (apical), d 0-1-1, IV v 1-2-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1 (apical), d 0-1-1, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Spermathecae (Figure 29a): two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminated with caliciform extension, basally with flat sclerotized plates.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 6.61, basal segment 2.55, middle segment 1.88, apical segment 2.18, all digitiform. PMS: 1.17.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figure 1b): carapace uniformly reddishbrown, and covered with golden pubescence, without dark caput, coxae, trochantera and chelicerae reddish-brown, and covered with golden pubescence, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi black, intermixed with long, pale setae. Palpal patellae, patellae I, II, tibiae I – IV with two distinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with single diagonal stripe. Prolateral face of coxae I covered with very short spiniform setae above and below suture. Palpal femur and femur I prolaterally partly bare. Abdomen (Figure 3d) covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central reddish-brown glossy patch in shape of heart. Length of central patch: 4.17, width 4.81. Ventral view (Figure 3b): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black. Abdomen ventrally without dark longitudinal band (Figure 3e). Spinnerets dark brown.</p><p>Variability</p><p>The variability in morphology of male palpal bulbs is shown in Figure 30, in the shape of spermathecae in Figure 33a – d. The variability in the length of the carapace, the number and the arrangement of the cheliceral teeth, the number of labial and maxillary cuspules, the leg pattern and the spination of tibial apophyses is shown in Table 3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109FF952F38FE51B8E1FBF4FA0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kaderka, Radan	Kaderka, Radan (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History 50: 393-465, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
03A9E109FF9A2F21FE40BFC6FC53FC71.text	03A9E109FF9A2F21FE40BFC6FC53FC71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyriocosmus itayensis Kaderka 2015	<div><p>Cyriocosmus itayensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 4 – 6, 25c, d, 27b, 29b, 31e – h, 33e, f, Tables 4, 5)</p><p>Types</p><p>Male holotype (NMPC P6 A-5727) from Peru, Iquitos, Nauta, Rio Itaya, village of Luz del Oriente, March 2007, Hans-Werner Auer col .; one female paratype (NMPC P6 A-5728),</p><p>3. The variability in carapace length, number and arrangement of cheliceral teeth, number of labial and maxillary cuspules, leg pattern and spination of apophyses. (Continued)</p><p>3. (Continued).</p><p>(Continued)</p><p>3. (Continued).</p><p>Abbreviations: i = inner a = apical</p><p>found in a burrow about 30 – 40 cm long, and one male paratype (SMFD), the same locality, date and collector as the holotype .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is derived from the type locality near the Itaya River in the Peruvian Amazon .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Cyriocosmus itayensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners, except C. peruvianus sp. nov., C. aueri sp. nov., C. giganteus sp. nov., C. bertae and C. pribiki, by its uniformly coloured carapace and abdomen and by the short paraembolic apophysis in the male palpal bulb. Differs from C. peruvianus sp. nov. by having the globular extension in female seminal receptacles, from C. aueri sp. nov. by the different coloration and by having the flat basal plates in seminal receptacles, from C. giganteus sp. nov. by having the prolateral superior keel and approximately two times longer embolus in male palpal bulb, from C. bertae by having a smooth prolateral superior keel and by the presence of the retrolateral process on male palpal tibia, from C. pribiki by the different coloration, cymbium without spiniform setae and by the metatarsal flexion between the two tibial apophyses.</p><p>Distribution (Figures 36, 37)</p><p>Known only from Peru, Maynas province in Loreto region, Rio Itaya near Iquitos. The region is originally covered with lowland rainforest.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (NMPC P6A-5727) (Figures 4a, 5a – e, 25c, d, 27b): Total length: 21.7, carapace length 10.7, width 9.8, chelicerae with 9 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vVVVV-V-VVV, 1 small and 8 big teeth. Left side: vVVVV-V- VVV, 1 small and 8 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 5c): AME 0.41 (circular), ALE 0.48 (oval), PME 0.29 (oval), PLE 0.36 (oval), AME – AME 0.08, AME – ALE 0.12, PME – PME 0.78, PME – PLE 0.04, ALE – PLE 0.12, AME – PME 0.20, OQ length 0.81, width 1.74. Clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 1.35, 6.9 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.68, width 1.68, anterior third with 96 cuspules, maxillae with 292 – 295 cuspules in anterior basal half, a few of them extending beyond the half. Sternum length 4.83, width 4.52, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.49, 0.39 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.23, 0.31 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.18, 0.26 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. Incrassate leg segments: femur III.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I – III 50%, metatarsi IV 25% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II undivided, in tarsi III divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi IV divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I p 0-0-2, II p 0-0-2, III p 0-0-1, d 0-1-1, IV p 0-0-1 (apical), d 0-0-1 and femora of palps p 0-0-1; patellae I – IV and patellae of palp 0; tibiae I v 0-1-0, p 1-1-0, r 0-0-1 (apical), II v 1-1-3 (apical), p 1-1-0, III v 0-2-2 (apical), p 1-1-0, r 1-1-0, IV v 2-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-0, r 1-1-0 and tibiae of palps p 1-1-0; metatarsi I v 0-0-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, II v 0-0-2 (apical), p 0-1-1 (apical), r 0-1-1 (apical), III v 1-1-1 (apical), p 2-2-2 (apical), r 0-1-1 (apical), IV v 2-2-1-2 (apical), p 0-1-1 (apical), r 0-1-1 (apical), tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Palpal organ as in Figures 25c, d, embolus with short PA, smooth PS keel is fused with PA. Tegulum with distinct granulated TP, projecting prolaterally. Retrolateral face of cymbium without basal field of spiniform setae. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with distinct subapical protuberance covered with cluster of numerous spiniform setae (Figure 5e). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I (Figure 27b): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with very short, stout spine at apex, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with single, well-developed retrolateral spine at base, approximately of the same length as prolateral tibial apophysis. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. Metatarsus I flexion is between both tibial apophyses.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 6.91, basal segment 2.39, middle segment 2.03, apical segment 2.49, all digitiform. PMS: 1.27.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figures 4a, 5a): carapace uniformly reddish-brown, and covered with golden pubescence, without dark caput, coxae, trochantera and chelicerae reddish-brown, and covered with golden pubescence, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi black, intermixed with long, pale setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two distinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with single diagonal stripe. Abdomen covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central reddish-brown glossy patch in shape of a heart. Length of central patch: 3.68, width 4.34. Ventral view (Figure 5b): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black. Abdomen ventrally without dark longitudinal band (Figure 5d). Spinnerets dark brown.</p><p>Female (NMPC P6A-5728) (Figures 4b, 6a – e, 29b): Total length: 26.2, carapace length 11.6, width 10.0, chelicerae with 9 – 10 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vVVVVVV-VVV, 1 small and 9 big teeth. Left side: vVVVV-V-VVV, 1 small and 8 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row slightly recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 6c): AME 0.59 (circular), ALE 0.46 (oval), PME 0.33, PLE 0.38 (oval), AME – AME 0.10, AME – ALE 0.10, PME – PME 0.95, PME – PLE 0.06, ALE – PLE 0.13, AME – PME 0.07, OQ length 0.88, width 1.98. Ocular tubercle: length 1.61, width 1.98, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, procurved, width 2.2, 8.2 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 2.0, width 2.1, anterior half with 102 cuspules, maxillae with 359 – 361 cuspules. Almost rounded sternum, length 5.6, width 5.0, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.62, 0.73 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.52, 0.49 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.29, 0.27 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. All leg segments uniform.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I, II 60%, metatarsi III 40%, metatarsi IV 25% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi III divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae, in tarsi IV divided by wide longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I p 0-0-1, II – IV and femora of palps p 0-0-1; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-0-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, III v 0-0-2 (apical), p 1-1-0, r 1-1-0, IV v 0-0-2 (apical), r 1-0-1 and tibiae of palps v 0-0-3 (apical); metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-0-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, III v 1-2-3 (apical), p 1-2-1, d 0-1-1, IV v 1-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Spermathecae (Figure 29b): two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminated with globular extension, basally with slightly convex sclerotized plates.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 8.65, basal segment 3.26, middle segment 2.44, apical segment 2.95, all digitiform. PMS: 1.59.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figure 4b): carapace uniformly reddishbrown, without dark caput, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, chelicerae reddishbrown, and covered with golden pubescence, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi black, intermixed with long, pale setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two indistinct parallel longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal and indistinct diagonal stripes. Tibiae without such stripes. Femur I prolaterally almost bare. Retrolateral face of femur IV partly bare. Abdomen (Figure 6d) covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central reddish-brown glossy patch in shape of heart. Length of central patch: 5.0, width 4.8. Ventral view (Figure 6b): labium and maxillae reddish-brown, sternum, coxae and trochantera light brown, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black. Abdomen ventrally without dark longitudinal band (Figure 6e). Spinnerets dark grey.</p><p>Variability</p><p>The variability in morphology of male palpal bulbs is shown on Figure 31e – h, in the shape of spermathecae on Figure 33e, f. In adult females the seminal receptacles have slightly convex basal sclerotized plates which are less extended and less sclerotized in juvenile specimens. The variability in the length of the carapace, the number and the arrangement of the cheliceral teeth, the number of labial and maxillary cuspules, the leg pattern and the spination of tibial apophyses is shown in Table 3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109FF9A2F21FE40BFC6FC53FC71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kaderka, Radan	Kaderka, Radan (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History 50: 393-465, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
03A9E109FF832F2BFE76BE2CFED6F908.text	03A9E109FF832F2BFE76BE2CFED6F908.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyriocosmus aueri Kaderka 2015	<div><p>Cyriocosmus aueri sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 7 – 11, 25e, f, 27c, 29c, 31a – d, 33g, h, Tables 6, 7)</p><p>Types</p><p>Male holotype (NMPC P6 A-5729) from Peru, Iquitos, at margin of the Amazon River, village of Nuevo Umaral, May 2009, Hans-Werner Auer col .; two female paratypes (NMPC P6 A-5730; SMFD), the same locality, date and collector as the holotype (both found in a c. 30 cm long burrow); male paratype (SMFD) from Peru, Loreto, Rio Tigre, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.36&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.2452636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.36/lat -4.2452636)">Comunidad Monteverde</a>, 4°14 ʹ 42.95 ʹʹ S, 74°21 ʹ 36.02 ʹʹ W, 2 April 1993, Dr William Lamar col .; male paratype (MUSM-ENT 0504033) from Peru, Loreto, Rio Tigre, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.75/lat -5.133333)">Cocha Shinguito</a>, 5°08 ’ S, 74°45 ʹ W (c. 100 m), 25 May 1990, Diana Silva Dávila col .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a patronym in honour of Hans-Werner Auer, who found all new species here described from Amazon rainforest in the Loreto region, Peru.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Cyriocosmus aueri sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners, except C. peruvianus sp. nov., C. itayensis sp. nov., C. giganteus sp. nov., C. bertae and C. pribiki, by its uniformly coloured carapace and abdomen and by the short paraembolic apophysis in male palpal bulb. Differs from C. peruvianus sp. nov. and C. itayensis sp. nov. by the different coloration and by the spermathecae with the globular extension of seminal receptacles and convex basal plates, from C. giganteus sp. nov. by the different coloration and the different shape of male palpal bulb having the prolateral superior keel, from C. bertae by the different coloration, by having a smooth prolateral superior keel and of a different shape, from C. pribiki by the different coloration, cymbium without spiniform setae and by the metatarsal flexion between the both tibial apophyses.</p><p>Distribution (Figures 36, 37)</p><p>Known from the type locality, also recorded from Peru, Loreto, Rio Tigre, Monteverde (material examined) and from Peru, Loreto, Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve (Cavallo 2009) (material not examined) . The region is covered with the Amazon rainforest .</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (NMPC P6A-5729) (Figures 10a – e, 25e, f, 27c): Total length: 19.2, carapace length 9.9, width 8.8, chelicerae with 9 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vVVVV-V-VVV, 1 small and 8 big teeth. Left side: vVVVV-V-VVV, 1 small and 8 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 10c): AME 0.44 (circular), ALE 0.47 (oval), PME 0.31 (oval</p><p>),</p><p>PLE 0.36 (oval), AME – AME 0.13, AME – ALE 0.16, PME – PME 0.78, PME – PLE 0.03, ALE – PLE 0.13, AME – PME 0.05, OQ length 1.33, width 1.72. Clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 1.56, 6.74 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.43, width</p><p>1.87, anterior third with 76 cuspules, maxillae with 208 – 210 cuspules in anterior basal half, a few of them extending beyond the half. Sternum length 5.08, width 4.01, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.44, 0.39 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.28, 0.21 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.21, 0.26 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. Incrassate leg segments: femur III.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 40%, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 40%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I undivided, in tarsi II divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi III, IV divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I d 0-0-2 (apical), II d 0-0-1 (apical), III d 0-0-1, IV d 0-0-1 and femora of palps d 0-0-2 (apical); patellae I – IV and patellae of palp 0; tibiae I p 0-1-0, r 0-0-1 (apical, near retrolateral tibial apophysis), II v 0-1-2 (apical), p 0-1-1, III v 0-2-2 (apical), p 0-0-1, r 0-1-1, IV v 1-1-2 (apical), p 0-0-1, r 0-1-1 and tibiae of palps p 0-1-0; metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-1-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, III v 2-1-2 (apical), p 2-2-1 (apical), r 0-1-1 (apical), IV v 2-2-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1 (apical), d 0-0-1 (apical), tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Palpal organ as in Figure 25e, f, embolus with short PA, smooth PS keel is fused with PA. Tegulum with distinct granulated TP, projecting prolaterally. Retrolateral face of cymbium without basal field of spiniform setae. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with indistinct subapical protuberance covered with cluster of numerous spiniform setae (Figure 10e). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I (Figure 27c): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with very short, stout spine at apex, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with single, well-developed retrolateral basal spine reaching approximately two-thirds of its length. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. Metatarsus I flexion is between both tibial apophyses.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 4.74, basal segment 1.46, middle segment 1.46, apical segment 1.82, all digitiform. PMS: 0.88.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figure 10a): carapace uniformly dark grey, and covered with pale peripheral pubescence, coxae, trochantera and femora dark grey, and covered with long, pale setae, chelicerae dark grey, anteriorly covered with pale pubescence, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi light brown, intermixed with long, pale setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two distinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Palpal femora, femora I, II with single longitudinal stripe, femora III, IV and tibiae II – IV with two such stripes. Abdomen (Figure 10d) covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central light brown glossy patch in shape of heart. Length of central patch: 3.53, width 3.37. Ventral view (Figure 10b): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera brown, femora dark grey, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi brown. Abdomen ventrally dark grey, without longitudinal band. Spinnerets light brown.</p><p>Female (NMPC P6A-5730) (Figures 7, 11a – e, 29c): Total length: 27.3, carapace length 13.1, width 11.6, chelicerae with 9 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: VVVVVV-VVV, 9 big teeth. Left side: VVVV-V-VVV, 9 big teeth. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 11c): AME 0.53 (circular), ALE 0.60 (oval), PME 0.44 (semicircular), PLE 0.50 (oval), AME – AME 0.22, AME – ALE 0.26, PME – PME 1.09, PME – PLE 0.09, ALE – PLE 0.23, AME – PME 0.08, OQ length 1.12, width 2.34. Ocular tubercle: length 1.77, width 2.34, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, slightly procurved, width 2.0, 8.9 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.7, width 2.1, anterior half with 84 cuspules, maxillae with 231 – 243 cuspules. Sternum length 5.9, width 5.4, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.55, 0.52 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.40, 0.47 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.25, 0.42 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. All leg segments uniform.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 60%, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 30%, metatarsi IV 15% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II integral, in tarsi III, IV divided by longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I p 0-0-1, II p 0-0-1, III 0, IV 0 and femora of palps 0-0-1; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-0-2 (apical), III v 0-0-2 (apical), p 1-1- 0, r 1-1-0, IV v 0-(1 – 2)-2 (apical), r 0-(0 – 1)-1 (apical) and tibiae of palps v 0-0-3 (apical); metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-(1 – 2)-3 (apical), III v 1-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-2 (apical), r 0-1- 1, IV v 1-2-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Spermathecae (Figure 29c): two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminated with sclerotized globular extension, basally with well-developed convex sclerotized plates.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 7.23, basal segment 2.34, middle segment 2.24, apical segment 2.65, all digitiform. PMS: 1.27.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figures 7, 11a): carapace uniformly dark grey, and covered with pale peripheral pubescence, coxae, trochantera and femora dark grey, and covered with long, pale setae, chelicerae dark grey, anteriorly covered with pale pubescence, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi light brown, intermixed with long, pale setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patellae with two distinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Tibiae with two parallel longitudinal stripes without covering setae. Palpal femur and femur I prolaterally bare. Abdomen (Figure 11d) covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central light brown glossy patch in shape of heart. Length of central patch: 6.1, width 5.9. Ventral view (Figure 11b): sternum, coxae and trochantera light brown, femora grey, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi light brown. Abdomen ventrally dark grey, without longitudinal band (Figure 11e). Spinnerets light brown.</p><p>Variability</p><p>The variability in morphology of male palpal bulbs is shown on Figure 31a – d, and in the shape of spermathecae on Figure 33g – h. The variability in the length of the carapace, the number and the arrangement of the cheliceral teeth, the number of labial and maxillary cuspules, the leg pattern and the spination of tibial apophyses is shown in Table 3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109FF832F2BFE76BE2CFED6F908	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kaderka, Radan	Kaderka, Radan (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History 50: 393-465, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
03A9E109FF8A2F2DFE7ABAA4FB9AFAC0.text	03A9E109FF8A2F2DFE7ABAA4FB9AFAC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyriocosmus hoeferi Kaderka 2015	<div><p>Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 12 – 14, 26e – h, 28a, 29d, Tables 8, 9)</p><p>Types</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.969444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-42.92778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.969444/lat -42.92778)">Male</a> holotype (INPA 8803, formerly SMNK-ARA 0956) from Brazil, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Ducke, 42°55 ʹ 40 ʹʹ S, 59°58 ʹ 10 ʹʹ W, 18 March 1992, Hubert Höfer and Thierry Gasnier col .; one female paratype (SMFD) and one male paratype (SMFD) from Brazil, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.109333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.0195556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.109333/lat -3.0195556)">Amazonas</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.109333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.0195556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.109333/lat -3.0195556)">Manaus</a>, Rio Tarumã, 2 km from the confluence with Rio Negro, 3°01 ʹ 10.4 ʹʹ S, 60°06 ʹ 33.6 ʹʹ W, June 1995, N . C. Gordon &amp; R . C. West col. (found in fossorial retreats at base of rotting mossy stump in primary tropical forest).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a patronym in honour of Dr Hubert Höfer, who found and photographed this new species in the Amazon rainforest near Manaus, Brazil.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Cyriocosmus hoeferi sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by its black carapace with two lateral whitish stripes, abdomen with four lateral stripes, joined neither basally nor apically with urticating setae patch, and by the short and wide paraembolic apophysis in male palpal bulb. The spermathecae are without sclerotized basal plates, both spiral necks are basally almost joined.</p><p>Distribution (Figures 36, 38)</p><p>Known only from the two localities in the Central Brazilian Amazon. The region is originally covered with lowland rainforest.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (SMNK-ARA 0956) (Figures 12a, 13, 26g, h, 28a): Total length: 10.3, carapace length 5.4, width 4.6, chelicerae with 8 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vVvv-v-VVV, 4 small and 4 big teeth. Left side: vVvv-v-VVV, 4 small and 4 big teeth. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 13f): AME 0.27 (circular), ALE 0.25 (oval), PME 0.16, PLE 0.16 (oval), AME – AME 0.06, AME – ALE 0.05, PME – PME 0.44, PME – PLE 0.03, ALE – PLE 0.11, AME – PME 0.05, OQ length 0.455, width 0.923. Ocular tubercle: length 0.728, width 0.923. Clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 0.34, 3.56 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 0.62, width 1.09, anterior quarter with 43 cuspules, maxillae with 108 – 113 cuspules in anterior basal half, a few of them extending beyond the half. Sternum length 2.69, width 2.26, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.19, 0.13 from edge of sternum), coxae II and coxae I. Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. Incrassate leg segments: femur III.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I, II 50%, metatarsi III 40%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I integral, in tarsi II, III divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi IV divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I d 0-0-1, II 0, III d 0-0-1, IV 0 and femora of palp 0; patellae I – IV and patellae of palp 0; tibiae I v 1-0-0, r 0-0-1 (apical), II v 3-0-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, III v 0-2-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, r 0-1-0, IV v 0-2-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, r 0-0-1 and tibiae of palps 0; metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-1-1 (apical), III v 0-1-2 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-1, IV v 1-2-3 (apical), d 0-2-2, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Palpal organ as in Figure 26g, h, embolus with short triangular PA reaching approximately half of embolus, smooth triangular PS keel is fused with PA. Tegulum with distinct granulated TP, projecting prolaterally. Retrolateral face of cymbium without basal field of spiniform setae, prolateral cymbial lobe longer than retrolateral one. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with distinct subapical protuberance not covered with cluster of numerous spiniform setae but with setae only (Figure 13g). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I (Figure 28a): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with short, stout subapical spine, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with single, well-developed retrolateral spine at base and approximately of the same length as prolateral tibial apophysis. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. Metatarsus I flexion is between both tibial apophyses.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 4.00, basal segment 1.27, middle segment 1.01, apical segment 1.72, all digitiform. PMS: 0.65.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figures 12a, 13a): carapace black with yellowish peripheral stripes, 0.4 – 0.5 wide, joined neither anteriorly nor posteriorly, coxae, trochantera, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black with longitudinal whitish stripes, tarsi black, chelicerae black, dorsally covered with yellowish pubescence. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two indistinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with single indistinct diagonal stripe. Abdomen (Figure 13d) covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, dark setae in posterior part, except central oval reddish patch and four pale lateral stripes, joined neither basally nor apically with central patch. Length of central patch: 2.08, width 1.88. Ventral view (Figure 13b): coloration damaged by long-term preservation in alcohol. Abdomen ventrally with indistinct longitudinal band (Figure 13e). Spinnerets grey.</p><p>Female (SMFD) (Figures 12b, 14a – 14f, 29d): Total length: 14.1, carapace length 6.2, width 5.6, chelicerae with 8 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vVVVVVVV, 1 small and 7 big teeth. Left side: vVVVVVVV, 1 small and 7 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 14f): AME 0.29 (circular), ALE 0.30 (oval), PME 0.16, PLE 0.21 (oval), AME – AME 0.08, AME – ALE 0.10, PME – PME 0.57, PME – PLE 0.06, ALE – PLE 0.13, AME – PME 0.08, OQ length 0.59, width 1.21. Ocular tubercle: length 0.86, width 1.21, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, procurved, width 0.8, 3.9 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 0.9, width 1.2, anterior quarter with 48 cuspules, maxillae with 130 cuspules. Oval sternum, length 3.3, width 2.9, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.31, 0.16 from edge of sternum), coxae II and coxae I. Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. All leg segments uniform, except slightly incrassate femora III.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 70%, metatarsi II, III 60%, metatarsi IV 15% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I integral, in tarsi II divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi III divided by longitudinal band of setae, in tarsi IV divided by wide band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I – IV and femora of palps 0; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I-II 0, III v 0-0-2 (apical), r 0-1-0, IV v 0-0-2 (apical), r 0-0-1 and tibiae of palps v 0-0-2 (apical); metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-0-1 (apical), III v 0-2-3 (apical), p 1-0-1, r 0-0-1, IV v 1-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-0-1, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Spermathecae (Figure 29d): two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminated with shallow caliciform extension, without sclerotized basal plates, basally almost joined.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch. PLS: length 5.07, basal segment 1.69, middle segment 1.56, apical segment 1.82, all digitiform. PMS: 0.78.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figures 12b, 14a): carapace black with two narrow whitish lateral stripes, joined neither anteriorly nor posteriorly, coxae, trochantera, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black with whitish longitudinal stripes. Tarsi black. All femora with two longitudinal stripes without covering setae, one of them on retrolateral face, the other on dorsal face. Patellae I, II with two longitudinal stripes, patellae III, IV with unequal diagonal stripes without covering setae. Femur I prolaterally bare. Abdomen black (Figure 14d), except central oval reddish glossy patch. Length of central patch: 3.1, width 2.5. Ventral view (Figure 14b): coloration damaged by long-term preservation in alcohol. Abdomen ventrally with indistinct longitudinal band (Figure 14e).</p><p>Variability</p><p>The variability in morphology of male palpal bulbs is shown on Figure 26e – h. The PS keel in the male from Rio Tarumã is not so pronounced as in the male holotype where it is subtriangular. Further comparative study of the specimens from both populations isolated by Rio Tarumã is necessary. The variability in the length of the carapace, the number and the arrangement of the cheliceral teeth, the number of labial and maxillary cuspules, the leg pattern and the spination of tibial apophyses is shown in Table 3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109FF8A2F2DFE7ABAA4FB9AFAC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kaderka, Radan	Kaderka, Radan (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History 50: 393-465, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
03A9E109FF8F2F10FE21BF9FFCBBFB4E.text	03A9E109FF8F2F10FE21BF9FFCBBFB4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyriocosmus williamlamari Kaderka 2015	<div><p>Cyriocosmus williamlamari sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 15, 16, 29g, Table 10)</p><p>Types</p><p>Female holotype (SMFD) from Venezuela, Apure, Rio Matiyure, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.3453&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.4767" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.3453/lat 7.4767)">Hato El Cedral</a>, 7°28 ʹ 36.12 ʹʹ N, 69°20 ʹ 43.08 ʹʹ W, 4 September 1994, William Lamar col ., found in moist savannah adjacent to gallery forest fragment in the late afternoon, under piece of wood.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a patronym in honour of Dr William Lamar, who found this new species in Venezuela whilst filming with the BBC.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Cyriocosmus williamlamari sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by the reddish-brown carapace with the black caput, the abdomen with four lateral stripes, apically not joined with urticating setae patch, three clear stripes are basally joined, the fourth stripe is located near spinnerets, and by the presence of the dark longitudinal ventral band. Spermathecae have very well-developed convex basal plates.</p><p>Distribution (Figure 36)</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female (SMFD) (Figures 15 – 16f, 29g): Total length: 13.6, carapace length 5.9, width 4.7, chelicerae with 9 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vVvvv-V-VVv, 5 small and 4 big teeth. Left side: vVvvv-V-VVV, 4 small and 5 big teeth. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 16f): AME 0.25 (circular), ALE 0.33 (oval), PME 0.16 (U-shaped), PLE 0.29 (oval), AME – AME 0.12, AME – ALE 0.10, PME – PME 0.47, PME – PLE 0.03, ALE – PLE 0.05, AME – PME 0.05, OQ length 0.56, width 1.07. Ocular tubercle: length 0.83, width 1.07, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 0.75, 3.9 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 0.9, width 1.2, anterior third with 44 cuspules, maxillae with 124 – 137 cuspules. Sternum length 2.9, width 2.5, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.29, 0.18 from edge of sternum), coxae II and coxae I. Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. All leg segments uniform, except slightly incrassate femora III.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 60%, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 30%, metatarsi IV 15% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II integral, in tarsi III divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae, in tarsi IV divided by wide longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I – IV and femora of palps 0; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I 0, II 0, III v 0-1-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, r 0-1-0, IV v 0-1-2 (apical), r 1-0-1 and tibiae of palps v 0-0-2 (apical); metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 1-0-1 (apical), III v 0-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-1, IV v 0-3-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-(0 – 1)-1, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Spermathecae (Figure 29g): two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminated with caliciform extension, basally with very well developed convex sclerotized plates.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch . PLS: length 2.8, basal segment 1.07, middle segment 0.66, apical segment 1.07, all digitiform. PMS: 0.60.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figures 15, 16a): carapace reddish-brown, and covered with golden pubescence, with black caput, coxae and trochantera reddishbrown, chelicerae dark, femora black, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark, dorsally with whitish longitudinal stripes. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two unequal parallel longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with single diagonal stripe. Palpal femur and femur I prolaterally bare. Abdomen (Figure 16d) covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central reddish-brown glossy patch in shape of heart and four lateral stripes on each side, not reaching the patch, the first three lateral stripes basally joined, the fourth pair basally not joined. Length of central patch: 2.2, width 1.8. Ventral view (Figure 16b): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi dark. Abdomen ventrally with dark longitudinal band (Figure 16e). Spinnerets light brown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109FF8F2F10FE21BF9FFCBBFB4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kaderka, Radan	Kaderka, Radan (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History 50: 393-465, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
03A9E109FFB22F1AFE3BBF0FFCB9FC7A.text	03A9E109FFB22F1AFE3BBF0FFCB9FC7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni Kaderka 2015	<div><p>Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 17 – 19, 28c, 32c, d, 35b, Tables 11, 12)</p><p>Types</p><p>Male holotype (SMFD) from Venezuela, State of Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho, Pozo Crystal (inside fallen rotten damp log), 15 February 1995, R . C. West col .; one female paratype (SMFD), the same data as in the male holotype .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a patronym in honour of the late Nick Gordon. Nick Gordon found this new species together with the collector while making a documentary about tarantulas.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Cyriocosmus nicholausgordoni sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners, except C. leetzi Vol, 1999, by its reddish-brown carapace with the black caput and seven radially arranged black spots in the thoracic area, and by the presence of the dark longitudinal ventral band. Males have short paraembolic apophysis and weakly developed prolateral superior keel in palpal bulb morphology, female spermathecae have a caliciform extension and convex basal plates. From C. leetzi it differs by the black femora without whitish longitudinal stripes on the dorsal face and the presence of the fourth pair of very narrow lateral stripes near spinnerets. Males also differ by the absence of retrolateral process in palpal tibia, instead there is only a cluster of numerous spiniform setae.</p><p>Distribution (Figure 36)</p><p>Known only from the type locality. The region is originally covered with the Amazon rainforest.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (SMFD) (Figures 17a, 18a – d, 19e, 28c, 32c, d, 35b): Total length: 16.7, carapace length 7.9, width 6.8, chelicerae with 8 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vV-VVVVVV, 1 small and 7 big teeth. Left side: vV-VVVVVV, 1 small and 7 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 19e): AME 0.33 (circular), ALE 0.32 (oval), PME 0.22 (oval), PLE 0.31 (oval), AME – AME 0.17, AME – ALE 0.10, PME – PME 0.64, PME – PLE 0.03, ALE – PLE 0.12, AME – PME 0.06, OQ length 0.637, width 1.235. Ocular tubercle: length 1.092, width 1.235. Clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 0.78, 5.45 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.04, width 1.35, anterior third with 45 cuspules, maxilla with 147 – 149 cuspules in anterior basal half. Sternum length 4.05, width 3.15, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.26, 0.44 from edge of sternum), coxae II and coxae I. Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. Incrassate leg segments: slightly incrassate femur III.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 100%, metatarsi II 80%, metatarsi III 50%, metatarsi IV 35% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I integral, in tarsi II divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi III divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae, in tarsi IV divided by wide longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I d 0-0-1, II d 0-0-1, III p 0-0-1, d 0-0-1, IV 0 and femora of palp d 0-0- 1; patellae I – IV and patellae of palp 0; tibiae I v 0-1-0, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1, II v 1-1-3, p 0-1-0, III v 2-2-2 (apical), p 0-2-1, r 1-1-1, IV v 2-1-3 (apical), r 0-1-1 and tibiae of palps 0; metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 2-0-1, p 0-1-0, III v 1-1-1, p 2-2-2, r 0-0-1, IV v 1-1-1 (apical), p 1-3-2 (apical), r 0-1-2 (apical), tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Palpal organ as in Figure 32c, d, embolus with short PA reaching approximately one sixth of embolus, smooth PS keel is not fused with PA. Tegulum with distinct granulated TP, projecting prolaterally. Retrolateral face of cymbium with basal field of spiniform setae. Protuberance on retrolateral face of palpal tibia is absent, instead there is only a cluster of numerous spiniform setae (Figure 18c, d). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I (Figure 28c): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with single subapical spine on dorsal side, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with single, welldeveloped retrolateral basal spine reaching approximately two-thirds of its length. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. Metatarsus I flexion is between both tibial apophyses.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central patch . PLS: length 3.69, basal segment 1.30, middle segment 0.83, apical segment 1.56, all digitiform. PMS: 0.73.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figures 17a, 18a): carapace reddishbrown with black caput and seven radially arranged black spots in thoracic area, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora black, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi black with longitudinal whitish stripes, tarsi black, chelicerae dorsally covered with whitish pubescence. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two longitudinal stripes, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Abdomen black with central reddish-brown patch of urticating setae and three pairs of clear lateral stripes, basally joined, the second and the third pair is joined with central patch. The fourth pair of very narrow stripes is located near spinnerets. Length of central patch: 3.46, width 3.26. Ventral view (Figure 18b): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark grey. Abdomen ventrally with dark longitudinal band. Spinnerets fawn.</p><p>Female (SMFD) (Figures 17b, 19a – 19d, 35b): Total length: 21.5, carapace length 10.0, width 7.8, chelicerae with 9 – 10 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vvvvvvVVV, 6 small and 3 big teeth. Left side: vvvvvvVVVv, 7 small and 3 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 19d): AME 0.38 (circular), ALE 0.38 (oval), PME 0.26 (oval), PLE 0.29 (oval), AME – AME 0.20, AME – ALE 0.13, PME – PME 0.74, PME – PLE 0.05, ALE – PLE 0.17, AME – PME 0.11, OQ length 0.74, width 1.46. Ocular tubercle: length 1.27, width 1.46, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 1.3, 7.0 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.30, width 1.85, anterior third with 36 cuspules, maxillae with 159 – 163 cuspules. Sternum length 5.0, width 4.2, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.42, 0.68 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.46, 0.44 from edge of sternum) and coxae I. Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. All leg segments uniform.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 90%, metatarsi II 70%, metatarsi III 60%, metatarsi IV 30% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II integral, only with thin longitudinal line of setae, tarsal scopulae III, IV divided by longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora II – IV and femora of palps 0, femora I d 0-0-1; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I-II 0, III v 0-0-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, r 1-1-0, IV v 0-1-2 (apical), r 0-0- 1 and tibiae of palps v 0-0-2 (apical); metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 1-0-1 (apical), III v 1-0-2 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-2-1, IV v 1-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Spermathecae (Figure 35b): two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminated with caliciform extension, basally with convex sclerotized plates.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central U-shaped patch. PLS (damaged): length 4.9, basal segment 1.46, middle segment 1.33, apical segment 2.11, all digitiform. PMS: 0.94.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figures 17b, 19a): carapace reddishbrown with black caput and seven radially arranged, fused black spots in thoracic area, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora black with only triangular spot at apex, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi black with whitish longitudinal stripes. Tarsi black. Patellae I, II with two longitudinal stripes, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes. Abdomen (Figure 19c) black except central U-shaped reddish-brown patch and three pairs of clear reddish-brown lateral stripes, joined both basally and apically with central U-shaped patch, complemented by fourth pair of very narrow stripes near spinnerets. Length of central patch: 6.7, width 4.5. Ventral view (Figure 19b): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark grey. Abdomen ventrally with dark longitudinal band.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109FFB22F1AFE3BBF0FFCB9FC7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kaderka, Radan	Kaderka, Radan (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History 50: 393-465, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
03A9E109FFB82F19FE49BE29FEAEFDB8.text	03A9E109FFB82F19FE49BE29FEAEFDB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyriocosmus giganteus Kaderka 2015	<div><p>Cyriocosmus giganteus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 20, 25g, h, 28b, Table 13)</p><p>Types</p><p>Male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0505244) from Peru, Loreto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.15/lat -4.35)">Estación Biológica Quebrada Blanco</a>, 4°21 ʹ S, 73°09 ʹ W, 11 September 2007, Peter Gottleuber col .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name, giganteus (adjectivum, Latin) means giant, and refers to the size of this new species and to the fact that this male holotype is so far the largest known male in the genus.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Cyriocosmus giganteus sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by the uniformly coloured carapace, abdomen without stripes and by the male palpal bulb without prolateral superior keel.</p><p>Distribution (Figures 36, 37)</p><p>Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (MUSM-ENT 0505244) (Figures 20, 25g, h, 28b): Total length: 26.7, carapace length 14.5, width 11.9, chelicerae with 10 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: vvvvvv-v-VVV, 7 small and 3 big teeth. Left side: vvvvvv-V-VVV, 6 small and 4 big teeth. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 20c): AME 0.53 (circular), ALE 0.49 (oval), PME 0.34 (oval), PLE 0.39 (oval), AME – AME 0.13, AME – ALE 0.17, PME – PME 1.01, PME – PLE 0.03, ALE – PLE 0.17, AME – PME 0.05, OQ length 0.92, width 1.95. Ocular tubercle: length 1.72, width 1.95, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 2.0, 9.0 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.69, width 2.14, anterior half with 101 cuspules, maxillae with 306 – 325 cuspules. Oval sternum, length 6.39, width 5.45, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.59, 0.88 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.45, 0.70 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.29). Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. Incrassate leg segments: femur III.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I, II 60%, metatarsi III 50%, metatarsi IV 25% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II integral, in tarsi III divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi IV divided by longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I – III d 0-0-1, femora IV 0 and femora of palps d 0-0-1; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I p 0-1-1, r 1-1-1, II v 1-2-3 (apical), d 1-1-0, III v 0-1-2 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1 (apical), d 1-1-0, IV v 1-1-3 (apical), p 1-0-1 and tibiae of palps d 0-1-0; metatarsi I 0, II v 0-0-2 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1 (apical), d 0-1-1, III v 2-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-1 (apical), d 0-1-1, IV v 1-2-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Palpal organ as in Figure 25g, h, embolus with short narrow PA reaching approximately one-third of embolus, PS keel is absent. Tegulum with distinct TP, projecting prolaterally. Retrolateral face of cymbium without basal field of spiniform setae, both cymbial lobes approximately of the same length. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with indistinct subapical protuberance covered with cluster of numerous spiniform setae (Figure 20f). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I (Figure 28b): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with short, stout subapical spine on dorsal face, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis, apically flattened, with single, well-developed retrolateral spine at base and approximately of the same length as prolateral tibial apophysis. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. Metatarsus I flexion is between both tibial apophyses.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central patch . PLS: length 6.91, basal segment 2.03, middle segment 1.78, apical segment 3.10, all digitiform. PMS: 1.43.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figure 20a): carapace dark brown, and covered with golden pubescence, coxae and trochantera covered with golden pubescence, chelicerae black, dorsally covered with golden pubescence, femora black, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark brown, without whitish longitudinal stripes. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two longitudinal parallel stripes, patellae III, IV with single diagonal stripe. Abdomen (Figure 20d) covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central yellowish brown patch. Length of central patch: 5.4, width 5.6. Ventral view (Figure 20b): labium and maxillae reddishbrown, sternum, coxae and trochantera dark brown, femora black, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi dark brown. Abdomen ventrally without dark longitudinal band (Figure 20e). Spinnerets brown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109FFB82F19FE49BE29FEAEFDB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kaderka, Radan	Kaderka, Radan (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History 50: 393-465, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
03A9E109FFBB2F1EFE23B817FDCBF9C1.text	03A9E109FFBB2F1EFE23B817FDCBF9C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyriocosmus sellatus (Simon 1889)	<div><p>Cyriocosmus sellatus (Simon, 1889)</p><p>(Figures 21, 26c, d, 32e, f)</p><p>Hapalopus sellatus Simon, 1889: 218 .</p><p>Cyriocosmus sellatus: Simon, 1903: 929, figure 1082. Schiapelli and Gerschman de Pikelin, 1973: 67, figures 16 – 22. Pérez-Miles et al., 1996: 48, figure 16. Pérez-Miles, 1998: 100. Fukushima et al., 2005: 11, figures 19, 20, 32, 49.</p><p>Types</p><p>Female holotype (MNHN 8102, newly MNHN AR 12330), male allotype (MNHN 8102, newly MNHN AR 12331), immature male (MNHN 8102, newly MNHN AR 12332) from Brazil, Upper Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, Fonte Boa . Male allotype examined. The designation of the types follows Schiapelli and Gerschman de Pikelin (1973) and differs from the records in MNHN made by Gerschman de Pikelin and Schiapelli .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The species can be distinguished from all other congeners by lacking the striped pattern on dorsal abdomen (Figure 21c) and by the black carapace with two pale and wide lateral stripes (Figure 21a), in combination with the yellowish longitudinal stripes on the dorsal face of the legs in females. The males have a long paraembolic apophysis and indistinct prolateral superior keel in palpal bulb (Figures 21f, 26c, d, 32e, f).</p><p>Distribution (Figures 36, 37)</p><p>Known only from Brazil, Upper Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, Fonte Boa, and newly from Peru, Loreto, Yanamono, 80 km east of Iquitos.</p><p>Notes</p><p>All types are uniformly light brown due to the long-term preservation in alcohol. Simon (1889) mentioned in the original description that females of C. sellatus have yellowish longitudinal stripes on the dorsal faces of the legs and pointed out the presence of two pale and wide lateral stripes on the carapace as well. These traits are newly included in the diagnosis. It is supposed that the yellowish longitudinal stripes are present in males as well and are obviously much more distinct, as in males of other species with pale longitudinal stripes on the legs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109FFBB2F1EFE23B817FDCBF9C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kaderka, Radan	Kaderka, Radan (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History 50: 393-465, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
03A9E109FFBD2F0EFE20BAA4FC50FA13.text	03A9E109FFBD2F0EFE20BAA4FC50FA13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyriocosmus ritae : Perez-Miles 1998	<div><p>Cyriocosmus ritae Pérez-Miles, 1998</p><p>(Figures 22 – 24, 26a, b, 27d, 29f, 33i, j, Tables 14, 15)</p><p>Cyriocosmus ritae: Pérez-Miles, 1998: 98, figures 14 – 20. Fukushima et al., 2005: 11, figures 17, 18, 31, 48.</p><p>Types</p><p>Male holotype (IB 4951) from Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco, Reserva florestal do Humaitá, 11 April 1996, team of collectors from IB and SMNK (A. D. Brescovit, A. Bonaldo, H. Metzner, H. Höfer) . Female unknown. Male holotype not examined, only photo provided by Dr Hubert Höfer.</p><p>Diagnosis (from Fukushima et al. 2005):</p><p>The males differ from all other congeners by having incrassate tibia I (Figure 24b) and a median protuberance on the retrolateral metatarsus I (Figure 24b).</p><p>Distribution and natural history (Figures 36, 37)</p><p>Known from the type locality in Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco, Reserva florestal do Humaitá, as well as from Peru, Colonia, Rio Callería, and newly from Iquitos, the Amazon River, Las Palmas, a small village near the Amazon River, approximately 60 km east from Iquitos. In the latter locality the spiders showed an arboreal lifestyle. Approximately 60% of 25 specimens were found 1 – 2 m up inside the silked leaves of Cecropia tree ( Urticaceae). The rest of the specimens were found on the trunks, both in a tangle of adherent root fibres in retreats 0.5 – 1.5 m high, and also inside tree cavities approximately 2 m high.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (NMPC P6A-5731, formerly RKCP 0347) (Figures 22a, 24a, b, 26a, b, 27d): Total length: 11.4, carapace length 5.5, width 5.1, chelicerae with 7 teeth on promargin, with granulation near the first two basal teeth. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: Vvvv-VVv. Left side: Vvvv-VVv. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.29 (circular), ALE 0.33 (oval), PME 0.18 (almost circular except outer fifth which is cut), PLE 0.29 (oval), AME – AME 0.09, AME – ALE 0.09, PME – PME 0.52, PME – PLE 0.05, ALE – PLE 0.07, AME – PME 0.01, OQ length 0.55, width 1.14. Clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 0.55, 3.61 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 0.74, width 1.05, anterior third with 44 cuspules, maxillae with 139 cuspules. Almost rounded sternum, length 2.87, width 2.54, with three difficult-tonotice pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae I, II and III. Leg pattern: I&gt;IV&gt;II&gt;III. Incrassate leg segments: tibia I, slightly femur III.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 65%, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 40%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II integral, in tarsi III, IV divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I p 0-0-1, II p 0-0-2, III d 0-0-2, IV r 0-0-1 and femora of palps 0; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I v 0-(0 – 1)-0, r 0-0-1 (apical), II v 1-1-2 (apical), p 0-1-0, III v 0-1-2 (apical), r 0-1-0, p 0-2-0, IV v 1-1-2 (apical), r 1-1-1 and tibiae of palps 0; metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 1-0-1 (apical), III v 0-1-3 (apical), r 0-1-1, p 0-2-1, IV v 0-1-3 (apical), r 0-1-1, p 0-2-2, tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Palpal organ as in Figure 26a, b, embolus with long PA, reaching more than half of embolus, crested PS keel is not fused with PA. Tegulum with distinct granulated TP, projecting prolaterally. Retrolateral face of cymbium with basal field of spiniform setae. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with distinct subapical protuberance covered with cluster of numerous spiniform setae (Figure 24a). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I (Figures 24b, 27d): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with short, stout spine at apex, a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis, apically flattened, with single inner, sigmoidly curved spine with extremely stout base and approximately of the same length as prolateral apophysis. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved. Instead, there is median protuberance on its retrolateral face (Figure 24b). Metatarsus I flexion is on prolateral tibial apophysis.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch . PLS: length 3.09, basal segment 1.01, middle segment 0.81, apical segment 1.27, all digitiform. PMS: 0.57.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figure 22a): carapace, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, covered with golden pubescence, except dark oval spot covering caput and surroundings of fovea, chelicerae dark brown, and covered with golden pubescence, femora, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark grey and intermixed with long, dark setae, palpal patellae, patellae of all legs and distal halves of all metatarsi covered with short whitish setae. Patellae I, II and palpal patellae with two distinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III with two diagonal stripes, patellae IV with single diagonal stripe. Abdomen covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central reddish-brown glossy patch, three lateral stripes on each side, basally joined, two short stripes on each side of spinnerets and two weak anteriorly located spots near area of urticating setae. Length of central patch: 3.56, width 2.34. Ventral view: labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown</p><p>,</p><p>femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark grey. Abdomen ventrally with dark longitudinal band. Spinnerets: fawn.</p><p>Female (NMPC P6A-5732, formerly RKCP 0348) (Figures 22b, 23 a-e, 29f): Total length: 16.3, carapace length 6.6, width 6.3, chelicerae with 7 teeth on promargin. Cheliceral teeth pattern from basal end: right side: V-VVVVVV, 7 big teeth. Left side: V-VVVVVV, 7 big teeth. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances (Figure 23e): AME 0.33 (circular), ALE 0.39 (oval), PME 0.25 (oval), PLE 0.34 (oval), AME – AME 0.09, AME – ALE 0.12, PME – PME 0.62, PME – PLE 0.06, ALE – PLE 0.09, AME – PME 0.06, OQ length 0.96, width 1.34. Clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, procurved, width 1.1, 4.6 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 1.1, width 1.3, anterior half with 66 cuspules, maxillae with 175 – 184 cuspules. Almost rounded sternum, length 3.1, width 3.2, with three visible pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.36, 0.31 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.16, 0.16 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.08, 0.16 from edge of sternum). Leg pattern: IV&gt;I&gt;II&gt;III. All leg segments uniform.</p><p>Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I, II 60%, metatarsi III 35%, metatarsi IV 20% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I, II divided by longitudinal line of setae, in tarsi III, IV divided by narrow longitudinal band of setae.</p><p>Spination: femora I – IV and femora of palps 0; patellae I – IV and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I 0, II 0, III v 0-0-2 (apical), d 0-1-0, p 0-1-0, IV v 0-0-2 (apical), r 0-1-0 and tibiae of palps v 0-0-3 (apical); metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), II v 0-1-1 (apical), III v 0-2-3 (apical), d 0-1-1 (apical), p 0-1-1 (apical), IV v 0-2-2 (apical), p 0-1-1 (apical), d 0-1-0, r 0-0-1 (apical), tarsi I – IV and tarsi of palps 0.</p><p>Spermathecae (Figure 29f): two separated spiral seminal receptacles, distally terminated with caliciform extension, basally with flat, weakly sclerotized plates.</p><p>Abdomen: urticating setae of type III are located in central glossy patch . PLS: length 5.39, basal segment 2.00, middle segment 1.43, apical segment 1.93, all digitiform. PMS: 0.91.</p><p>Coloration and covering setae: dorsal view (Figures 22b, 23a): carapace, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, and covered with golden pubescence, except dark oval spot covering caput and surroundings of fovea, chelicerae dark brown, and covered with golden pubescence, femora, patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi dark grey and intermixed with long, dark setae, except patellae of posterior legs which are covered with short whitish setae, femora IV with golden basal pubescence. Patellae I, II and palpal patellae with two distinct longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with single diagonal stripe. Palpal femur and femur I prolaterally bare. Retrolateral face of femur IV bare. Abdomen (Figure 23c) covered with short black setae, intermixed with long, pale setae in posterior part, except central reddish-brown glossy patch, three lateral stripes on each side, basally joined, two short stripes on each side of spinnerets and two weak anteriorly located spots near area of urticating setae. Length of central patch: 6.4, width 3.5. Ventral view (Figure 23b): labium, sternum, coxae and trochantera reddish-brown, femora, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi and tarsi dark grey. Abdomen ventrally with dark longitudinal band (Figure 23d). Spinnerets: basal segment reddishbrown, central segment grey, apical segment dark grey.</p><p>Variability</p><p>The variability in the shape of spermathecae is shown in Figure 33i, j. The variability in the length of the carapace, the number and the arrangement of the cheliceral teeth, the number of labial and maxillary cuspules, the leg pattern and the spination of tibial apophyses is shown in Table 3.</p><p>Coloration during ontogeny</p><p>Carapace light brown, with a dark caput and surrounding of fovea, abdomen black, with three light brown lateral stripes, basally joined, and two short stripes near spinnerets, not basally joined, dorsally with a light brown, U-shaped patch of urticating setae. Femora and tarsi black, patellae, tibiae and metatarsi light brown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109FFBD2F0EFE20BAA4FC50FA13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kaderka, Radan	Kaderka, Radan (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History 50: 393-465, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
03A9E109FFAC2F0FFE7CBFCEFDEDFDFE.text	03A9E109FFAC2F0FFE7CBFCEFDEDFDFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyriocosmus leetzi : Vol 1999	<div><p>Cyriocosmus leetzi Vol, 1999</p><p>(Figures 32a, b, 34, 35a)</p><p>Cyriocosmus leetzi: Vol, 1999: 2 – 10, figures 1 – 8. Holotype female and paratype male, MNHN from Colombia, Villavicencio, south of Rio Meta, without further information.</p><p>Cyriocosmus leetzi: Fukushima et al., 2005: 10 – 11, figures 5, 6, 26, 38, 42. Holotype female, MNHN from Colombia, without further information.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Differs from all other congeners, except C. nicholausgordoni sp. nov., by its reddishbrown carapace with the black caput and seven radially arranged black spots in the thoracic area, and by the presence of the dark longitudinal ventral band. From C. nicholausgordoni sp. nov. it differs by the black femora with whitish longitudinal stripes on the dorsal face. Males also differ by the presence of the retrolateral process in palpal tibia with a cluster of numerous spiniform setae (Figure 18e).</p><p>Distribution (Figure 36)</p><p>Known from Colombia (unknown locality of type) and from two other localities: Casanare, Agua Azul, Vereda El Guineo; Meta, Cubarral, Vereda Vergel, the Upper Jupuaro River (630 m) (Fukushima et al. 2005), and newly from Venezuela, State of Táchira, San Cristobal, Agua Dulce .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9E109FFAC2F0FFE7CBFCEFDEDFDFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kaderka, Radan	Kaderka, Radan (2015): The Neotropical genus Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 and new species from Peru, Brazil and Venezuela (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Journal of Natural History 50: 393-465, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1076082
