identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AB87B8FF8DFFD9FF66FC7BFA3ADD5A.text	03AB87B8FF8DFFD9FF66FC7BFA3ADD5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piesocorynini Valentine 1960	<div><p>Recognition of the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine, 1960</p><p>The main morphological characters of the tribe Piesocorynini are: rostrum wider than long, underside of rostrum without deep transverse sulcus, antennae inserted laterally, antennal scrobes foveiform, not visible from above, antennal club three segmented, antennomere II as long as or longer than antennomere I, eyes entire or only weakly truncate anteriad, eyes coarsely faceted, maximum 26 rows of ommatidia perpendicular to long axis, pronotum with dorsal transverse carina (completely basal, sub-basal or antebasal) or this carina absent (in the case of some undescribed species of Phaenotheriopsis, and both species of Afrophaenotherion) (see also Valentine 1960, 1991, 1999; Legalov 2018; Trýzna et al. 2022; keys to the genera: Jordan 1906; Orellana &amp; Barrios 2021).</p><p>Neotropical genera of the tribe Piesocorynini can be identified using the keys below</p><p>(see also Jordan 1906: 301, Valentine 1999: 271, Trýzna et al. 2022: 245)</p><p>1 Outer edge of mandibles straight along entire length, only at the very apex do they turn sharply inwards.......... Group 1</p><p>- Outer edge of mandibles more or less bent along their entire length, or along a substantial part.................. Group 2</p><p>Key to genera of Group 1</p><p>1 Antennae robust, individual antennomeres of funicle the same width as pedicel (figs 6–10 [from Trýzna et al. 2022]).................................................................................................... Opisolia</p><p>- Individual antennomeres of funicle distinctly narrower than pedicel............................................. 2</p><p>2 Dorsal transverse carina of pronotum distinctly basal (figs 11–15 [from Trýzna et al. 2022]).................. Piezobarra</p><p>- Dorsal transverse carina of pronotum not basal, otherwise shaped: sub-basal, strongly antebasal or absent............... 3</p><p>3 Disc of pronotum with distinct dense or sparse punctures. Sides of pronotum not straight, rounded or convex or protruding laterally in dorsal view (Figs 1–5 and figs 16–20 [from Trýzna et al. 2022]).......................... Phaenotheriopsis</p><p>- Disc of pronotum with longitudinal wrinkles. Sides of pronotum more or less straight, conical in dorsal view, not convex laterally............................................................................................. 4</p><p>4 Mesosternal process wide, widely concave apically. Space between mesocoxae as wide as width of mesofemur at its widest part. Sides of rostrum distinctly divergent anteriorly (only female holotype known) (Figs 6–11)................. Barridia</p><p>- Mesosternal process narrow, rounded (convex) apically. Space between mesocoxae distinctly narrower than width of mesofemur at its widest part. Sides of rostrum subparallel (figs 1–5 [from Trýzna et al. 2022])....................... Brachycorynus</p><p>Note on Phaenotheriopsis: in Trýzna et al. 2022: 249, figs 16–20, a male of Phaenotheriopsis vauriei Valentine, 1955 (B.D. Valentine det. 2008, MTDC) is depicted as an example of a species with sub-basal dorsal transverse carina of pronotum (sub-basal sensu Holloway 1982: 187, fig. 13; in Valentine 1991: 332 it is mentioned as antebasal). However, as Valentine (1991: 332) mentions, undescribed species still exist in this genus in which the transverse carina of the pronotum is completely absent. In this work, we therefore show an example of such a species with a completely absent carina (Figs 1–5). This species comes from “ Insel Guadeloupe ”, and although the specimen is determined as P. bierigi Wolfrum, 1931 (R. Frieser det. 1956, MTDC), it belongs to an undescribed species (moreover, very small eyes are also noticeable in this species). Phaenotheriopsis bierigi is illustrated in Rheinheimer (2004: 226, fig. 156).</p><p>Key to genera of Group 2</p><p>1 Eyes very large, occupying a considerable part of head, elongate, oblique, distance between eyes as long as half of length of eye (Fig. 50). Rostrum very short, ratio of rostrum length to maximum width 0.3–0.4 (Fig. 50). Pygidium of male longer than wide, convex (Figs 46, 54, 66), as long as wide in female; pygidium of female with promontory before apical edge (Figs 70–72), this projection divided basally, or promontory lacking (in P. espoch sp. nov., Fig. 83). Mesotibia of male with distinct spur at apex (Fig. 53). Tarsomere I of mesotarsus dilated or with spur at apex on inner side (Figs 53, 79)................. Piezonemus</p><p>- Eyes smaller, rather oval, not distinctly oblique, distance between eyes distinctly longer than half of length of eye. Rostrum longer, ratio of rostrum length to maximum width greater than or equal to 0.5. Pygidium wider than long in both sexes, flat, always without any promontory in female. Mesotibia of male without distinct spur at apex (except Piesocorynus lateralis). Tarsomere I of mesotarsus not dilated at apex............................................................... 2</p><p>2 Tibia and tarsi of all legs with distinct long and erect setae (figs 21–25 [from Trýzna et al. 2022]).............. Lagopezus</p><p>- Tibia and tarsi of all legs without distinct long and erect setae.................................................. 3</p><p>3 Antennae shorter, reaching no further than posterior margin of pronotum in both sexes. Antennomere III short, approximately the same length as II, or at most 1.2 times as long as antennomere II. Antennal scrobes nearly extending to eyes. Elytral base unequivocally straight in strictly dorsal view, shoulders more rectangular. Eyes rounded, not emarginate or truncate anteriad (figs 62, 68–72 [from Trýzna et al. 2022]).......................................................... Brevibarra</p><p>- Antennae longer, reaching posterior margin of pronotum in both sexes. Antennomere III longer, the same length or longer than I and II together. Antennal scrobes rather distant from eyes. Elytral base at least slightly bisinuate in dorsal view, shoulders rounded. Eyes oval, weakly emarginate or truncate anteriad.................................................... 4</p><p>4 Sides of pronotum convex. Dorsal transverse carina of pronotum either completely basal or antebasal; if antebasal then approaching base of pronotum at lateral angles (= distinctly curved anteriad) (the same as in Lagopezus) (Figs 12–16 and figs 26–31 [from Trýzna et al. 2022])............................................................... Piesocorynus</p><p>- Sides of pronotum straight and conical, not convex laterally. Dorsal transverse carina of pronotum sub-basal to basal or antebasal, if antebasal then parallel with posterior margin of pronotum (figs 39–43, 51–61 [from Trýzna et al. 2022])...................................................................................................... Barra</p><p>Note on Piesocorynus: in Trýzna et al. 2022: 251, figs 26–31, a male of Piesocorynus dispar (Gyllenhal, 1833) is depicted as a representative of the type species of the genus. As stated in the cited work, there are two types of position of the dorsal transverse carina of the pronotum in this genus: 1) either it is completely basal (e.g. P. dispar), or 2) it is distinctly antebasal, but in this case approaching the base of the pronotum at the lateral sides of the pronotum, so it is distinctly curved anteriorly (e.g. P. aspis (Erichson, 1847) (= P. gracilicornis (Jekel, 1855), synonymy according to Queiroz et al. 2017). For completeness, an example of such a species with antebasal dorsal transverse carina is illustrated as P. aspis (female, Figs 12–16). Species with a distinct antebasal carina that is parallel to the posterior margin of the pronotum do not occur in this genus.</p><p>Key to other world genera</p><p>(see also Frieser 1981, 2008)</p><p>1 Elytra without striae, at most with poorly visible and irregularly arranged minute punctures, elytra smooth and shiny (Figs 17–21)............................................................................... Afrophaenotherion</p><p>- Elytral striae present, forming distinct rows of punctures...................................................... 2</p><p>2 Larger species, 9.0– 9.5 mm (Figs 22–26)........................................................... Botriessa</p><p>- Smaller species, 1.5–6.0 mm............................................................................ 3</p><p>3 Rostrum imperceptibly wider than long, sides of rostrum distinctly widened anteriorly (Figs 27–32)......... Phaenotherion</p><p>- Rostrum ca. 2–3 times wider than long, sides of rostrum parallel or nearly parallel.................................. 4</p><p>4 Antennal scrobes opened ventrally and posteriorly, scrobes distinctly extending under eyes in lateral view, eyes rather longitudinally oval, dorsally located, metatibiae of male curved inwards apically (Figs 33–37).......... Phaenotheriosoma</p><p>- Antennal scrobes closed ventrally and posteriorly, scrobes not extending under eyes in lateral view, eyes rather circular, laterally located, metatibiae of male straight, not curved apically (Figs 38–42)............................... Phaenotheriolum</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87B8FF8DFFD9FF66FC7BFA3ADD5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trýzna, Miloš;Caballero-Serrano, Verónica;Carrasco, Juan Carlos	Trýzna, Miloš, Caballero-Serrano, Verónica, Carrasco, Juan Carlos (2024): Review of the Neotropical Piezonemus Jordan with type designations, description of Piezonemus espoch sp. nov. from Ecuador, and notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine with keys to world genera (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). Zootaxa 5415 (3): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3
03AB87B8FF88FFD9FF66FEA6FF40DF9F.text	03AB87B8FF88FFD9FF66FEA6FF40DF9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrophaenotherion Frieser 1984	<div><p>Afrophaenotherion Frieser, 1984, new tribal placement</p><p>(Figs 17–21)</p><p>Afrophaenotherion Frieser, 1984: 176 . Rheinheimer 2004: 38 (catalogue), 219 (fig. 80 —dorsal habitus of A. aereum Frieser, 1984).</p><p>Type species: Afrophaenotherion aereum Frieser, 1984 (by original designation).</p><p>= Afrophaenotherium: Alonso-Zarazaga &amp; Lyal 1999: 34 (incorrect subsequent spelling); Rheinheimer 2004: 38 (catalogue).</p><p>The genus Afrophaenotherion is here transferred from Stenocerini to Piesocorynini . The genus corresponds to the morphological characters for the tribe Piesocorynini mentioned in the section „Recognition of the tribe Piesocorynini “ above. Currently the genus comprises two species: A. aereum and A. colonnellii Frieser, 2010 (both from South Africa).</p><p>Frieser (1984: 176) described the genus Afrophaenotherion based on one species, A. aereum Frieser, 1984 (by monotypy and original designation). Frieser pointed out the similarity of the newly described genus to Phaenotheriolum, from which it mainly differs by: 1) absence of dorsal transverse carina of pronotum; 2) elytra without striae, with punctures irregularly distributed over the entire surface of elytra. Other typical morphological characters are the shiny metallic surface of the body, and pronotum and elytra with setae only very sparse or absent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87B8FF88FFD9FF66FEA6FF40DF9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trýzna, Miloš;Caballero-Serrano, Verónica;Carrasco, Juan Carlos	Trýzna, Miloš, Caballero-Serrano, Verónica, Carrasco, Juan Carlos (2024): Review of the Neotropical Piezonemus Jordan with type designations, description of Piezonemus espoch sp. nov. from Ecuador, and notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine with keys to world genera (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). Zootaxa 5415 (3): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3
03AB87B8FF88FFD9FF66FBE3FE1BDB28.text	03AB87B8FF88FFD9FF66FBE3FE1BDB28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piezonemus Jordan 1904	<div><p>Genus Piezonemus Jordan, 1904</p><p>(Figs 43–86)</p><p>Piezonemus Jordan, 1904: 275 . Bovie 1906: 278 (catalogue); Wolfrum 1929: 65, 1953: 27 (catalogues); Blackwelder 1947: 769 (catalogue); Valentine 1999: 271 (relationship within the tribe Piesocorynini); Rheinheimer 2004: 70 (catalogue); Trýzna et al. 2022: 245 (key to genera of the tribe Piesocorynini), 265 (discussion on the tribe Piesocorynini).</p><p>Type species: Piezonemus durus Jordan, 1904 (by original designation).</p><p>Redescription. Rostrum very short, distinctly wider than long (ratio of rostrum length to maximum width 0.3–0.4), flat, not carinate, indistinctly emarginate at apex, with only shallow depression before eyes. Apical half of rostrum oblique (converged) laterally. Mandibles more or less bent along the entire length, or along a substantial part, obtuse at apex. Antennal scrobes lateral, located underneath posterior part of eyes (not in front of them), upper edges cariniform. Eyes dorso-lateral, very large, occupying a considerable part of head, elongate, oblique, not emarginate or truncate in anterior part, coarsely granulate, distance between eyes as long as half of length of eye. Frons trapeziform, more or less flattened.</p><p>Pronotum always wider than long, conical, from dorsal transverse carina narrowed anteriorly, disc of pronotum moderately convex. Dorsal transverse carina sub-basal to basal, always complete. Lateral carinae of pronotum present, extending at most to middle of pronotum, or shorter. Basal longitudinal carinulae (sensu Jordan 1928: 151, Trýzna &amp; Baňař 2021: 558) present. Pygidium of male distinctly longer than wide, convex, rounded at apex.</p><p>Pygidium of female differently shaped: in P. durus with distinct promontory before apical edge, this projection divided basally; in P. lateralis this promontory is not so high and not so deeply divided as in P. durus; in P. espoch sp. nov. without any promontory, rather flat.</p><p>Mesotibia of male with small, short spine at apex in all species. Tarsomere I of mesotarsus widely dilated at apex on inner side in P. durus and P. lateralis; tarsomere I of protarsus and mesotarsus with distinct spur at apex in male of P. espoch sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87B8FF88FFD9FF66FBE3FE1BDB28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trýzna, Miloš;Caballero-Serrano, Verónica;Carrasco, Juan Carlos	Trýzna, Miloš, Caballero-Serrano, Verónica, Carrasco, Juan Carlos (2024): Review of the Neotropical Piezonemus Jordan with type designations, description of Piezonemus espoch sp. nov. from Ecuador, and notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine with keys to world genera (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). Zootaxa 5415 (3): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3
03AB87B8FF82FFD3FF66FF66FC59DB9D.text	03AB87B8FF82FFD3FF66FF66FC59DB9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piezonemus durus Jordan 1904	<div><p>Piezonemus durus Jordan, 1904</p><p>(Figs 43–61, 70–72)</p><p>Piezonemus durus Jordan, 1904: 276. Bovie 1906: 278 (catalogue); Wolfrum 1929: 65, 1953: 27 (catalogues); Blackwelder 1947: 769 (catalogue); Valentine 1999: 271 (relationship within the tribe Piesocorynini); Rheinheimer 2004: 70 (catalogue); Trýzna et al. 2022: 252, figs 32–38 (32—dorsal habitus, 33—head, 34—pygidium, 35—pronotum, 36—antenna, 37— mesotibia and mesotarsus, 38—lateral habitus).</p><p>Type locality. Brazil: “Jatahy, Prov. Goyaz”</p><p>Type material. Lectotype, male (designated here, Figs 43–48, 102): ‘Type [p, typical round label with red margin used in BMNH]’ // ‘Jatahy. / Prov. Goyas. [p] / Piezonemus / durus. / Type. 1904 / N. Z. p. 276 [= Novitates Zoologicae, page 276] [h]’ // ‘ Karl Jordan Coll. / B.M. 1940-109. [p]’ // ‘LECTOTYPE / Piezonemus durus / Jordan, 1904 / M. Trýzna design., 2023’ [red, p] (BMNH). Female: ‘Jatahy’ / (GOYAZ) [p] // ‘Karl Jordan Coll. / B.M. 1940-109. [p]’ (BMNH); ‘ PARALECTOTYPE / Piezonemus durus / Jordan, 1904 / M. Trýzna design., 2023’ [red, p] (BMNH) . Other paralectotypes not examined directly by the first author: Unsexed, 1 ex.: ‘ Jatahy’ / (GOYAZ) [p] // ‘Karl Jordan Coll. / B.M. 1940-109. [p]’ (BMNH) . Unsexed, 3 exx.: ‘Jatahy. / Prov. Goyas. [p] // ‘Karl Jordan Coll. / B.M. 1940-109. [p]’ (BMNH) . Unsexed, 2 exx.: ‘Jatahy. / Prov. Goyas. Brésil [p, green paper] // 1 with ‘Karl Jordan Coll. / B.M. 1940-109. [p]’ and the other with ‘ Pres. E. Gowing-Scopes. / Brit. Mus. 1968-131 // Piezonemus / durus / 1904 Jord. [h] / Karl Jordan det. [p]’ (BMNH) .</p><p>Note. Jordan (1904: 276) stated only “a series”, without the exact number of specimens of the type series. Lectotype and 7 Paralectotypes are listed above.</p><p>Other material: 1 male: ‘Sta. Cruz / Bolivia [p]’ // ‘ Karl Jordan Coll. / B.M. 1940-109. [p]’ (BMNH) . 1 male (Figs 49–55): Ecuador, Sucumbios prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.316666/lat -0.7)">Shushufindi</a>, S 0°42´, W 77°19´, 200–400 m, 4.–18.xii.2004, Zd. Mráček leg. (MTDC) . 2 males: Ecuador, Morona-Santiago [province], 30 km NE of Macas, 21.ii.2022, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.93278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.1291666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.93278/lat -2.1291666)">Cascada de Musap</a>, 1085 m, S 02°07´45´´, W 77°55´58´´, M. Trýzna &amp; J.C. Carrasco leg. (1 male with dissected terminalia (Figs 56–61) in MTDC, 1 male in MERC) .</p><p>Identification. Coloration of the cuticle dark, black to dark brown, basic setae of the upper part of the body dark, with sparse tomentum of whitish grey setae, denser on the head and scutellum. Lower part of body with dense greyish setae. Small irregular clusters of greyish setae on even-numbered elytral intervals, rest of intervals dark, most noticeable on elytral intervals II, IV and VI. Antennomeres rufous brown, only antennomeres IX and X dark brown to black. Legs dark brown, femora, tibiae covered with grey setae. Colour pattern as in Figs 43–55, 72. Male tarsomere I of mesotarsus shorter than others together (Figs 49, 53) and dilated at apex on inner side. Pygidium of male elongate, ratio of the maximum length to maximum width 1.24 (Figs 46, 54), pygidium of female with distinct promontory before apical edge, this projection high and deeply divided basally (Fig. 70). Eyes shorter (cf. Figs 44, 50— P . durus; and 63— P. lateralis), dorsal ocular index 0.91 in male. Body size ca. 5.3–5.5 mm.</p><p>Lectotype, male (Figs 43–48). Measurements (in mm): Total body length—5.36. Head: total length—0.86, length of rostrum—0.19, maximum width of rostrum—1.07, length of eye—0.71, maximum width across eyes— 1.31, minimum distance between eyes—0.41.Antenna: length of segments: II—0.21, III—0.34, IV—0.28, V—0.26, VI—0.21, VII—0.18, VIII—0.21, IX—0.21, X—0.11, XI—0.20, width of segment IX—0.14. Pronotum: maximum length—1.38, maximum width—1.95, minimum width—1.25. Elytra: maximum length—3.20, maximum width— 1.90. Pygidium: maximum length—0.46, maximum width—0.37.</p><p>Male genitalia and associated structures (Figs 57–61). Aedeagus (Fig. 59) long, narrow, widest in apical part, this part rectangular. Pedon narrow, its base 2x wider than the rest of pedon, this apical part almost the same width along its entire length. Tectum broadly triangular, form equilateral triangle. Apodemes of aedeagus long, slightly longer than the part from bridge to apex of aedeagus, almost parallel. Bridge of aedeagus inconspicuously developed. Tegmen (Fig. 61) robust, moderately wide, with strongly sclerotized basal piece, apodeme of tegmen wide, straight, shorter than body of tegmen. Apex of tegmen moderately broad, almost bare. Structure of internal sac as in Fig. 60. Segment VIII (Fig. 57) moderately sclerotized, longer than wide, trapezoidal, anterior part wider than basal part, anterior margin of tergite VIII slightly sinusoidal outside. Sternal lobes of sternite VIII very small, irregularly triangular. Apodeme of sternite VIII present, but indistinct. Sternite IX (= spiculum gastrale) (Fig. 58) with symmetrical divergent arms, apodeme straight. Length of apodeme ca. 2.75x as long as arms.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil (Jordan 1904, Rheinheimer 2004), Ecuador, Bolivia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87B8FF82FFD3FF66FF66FC59DB9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trýzna, Miloš;Caballero-Serrano, Verónica;Carrasco, Juan Carlos	Trýzna, Miloš, Caballero-Serrano, Verónica, Carrasco, Juan Carlos (2024): Review of the Neotropical Piezonemus Jordan with type designations, description of Piezonemus espoch sp. nov. from Ecuador, and notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine with keys to world genera (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). Zootaxa 5415 (3): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3
03AB87B8FF9EFFCFFF66FF66FC0DD8AC.text	03AB87B8FF9EFFCFFF66FF66FC0DD8AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piezonemus lateralis Jordan 1904	<div><p>Piezonemus lateralis Jordan, 1904</p><p>(Figs 62–69)</p><p>Piezonemus lateralis Jordan, 1904: 276 . Bovie 1906: 278 (catalogue); Wolfrum 1929: 65, 1953: 27 (catalogues); Blackwelder 1947: 769 (catalogue); Valentine 1999: 271 (relationship within the tribe Piesocorynini); Rheinheimer 2004: 70 (catalogue), 226 (fig. 153—dorsal habitus).</p><p>Type locality. Brazil: “Jatahy, Prov. Goyaz”</p><p>Type material. Lectotype, male (designated here, Figs 62–67, 103): ‘Type [p, typical round label with red margin used in BMNH]’ // ‘Jatahy. / Prov. Goyas. [p] / Piezonemus / lateralis / Type. 1904 / N. Z. p. 276 [= Novitates Zoologicae, page 276] [h]’ // ‘ Karl Jordan Coll. / B.M. 1940-109. [p]’ // ‘LECTOTYPE / Piezonemus lateralis / Jordan, 1904 / M. Trýzna design., 2023’ [red, p] (BMNH) . Paralectotypes not examined directly by the first author: Unsexed, 5 exx.: ‘Jatahy. / Prov. Goyas. [p] // ‘ Karl Jordan Coll. / B.M. 1940-109. [p]’ (BMNH). Unsexed, 2 exx.: ‘Jatahy’ / GOYAZ [p] // 1 with ‘Karl Jordan Coll. / B.M. 1940-109. [p]’ and the other with ‘ Pres. E. Gowing-Scopes. / Brit. Mus. 1968-131 // Piezonemus / lateralis / 1904 Jord. [h] / Karl Jordan det. [p]’ (BMNH) .</p><p>Note. Jordan (1904: 276) stated only “a series”, without the exact number of specimens of the type series. Lectotype and 7 Paralectotypes are listed above.</p><p>Other material. Male (Figs 68–69): ‘Hansa Humboldt / Sta. Catherina / Brasilien Reitter [p]’ // ‘Karl Jordan Coll. / B.M. 1940-109. [p]’ // ‘3. Piezonemus / lateralis Jord. [h]’ (BMNH). Male: ‘Salobro prov de Bahia / Bresil / E. Gounelle, 6.7.1885 [p]’ // ‘Karl Jordan Coll. / B.M. 1940-109. [p]’ (BMNH).</p><p>Identification. The coloration of the body is very similar to almost identical to that in P. durus . Colour pattern as in Figs 62–68. Male tarsomere I of mesotarsus distinctly longer than others together (Fig. 69). Pygidium of male elongate, ratio of the maximum length to maximum width 1.36 (Fig. 66), pygidium of female also with distinct promontory before apical edge, but this projection is not so high and not deeply divided basally as in P. durus . Eyes longer (cf. Figs 44, 50— P . durus; and 63— P. lateralis), dorsal ocular index 0.66 in male. Body size 4.5–4.9 mm.</p><p>Lectotype, male (Figs 62–67). Measurements (in mm): Total body length—4.86. Head: total length—0.86, length of rostrum—0.23, maximum width of rostrum—0.93, length of eye—0.66, maximum width across eyes— 1.21, minimum distance between eyes—0.30.Antenna: length of segments: II—0.21, III—0.36, IV—0.36, V—0.26, VI—0.24, VII—0.20, VIII—0.21, IX—0.19, X—0.13, XI—0.19, width of segment IX—0.14. Pronotum: maximum length—1.13, maximum width—1.63, minimum width—1.13. Elytra: maximum length—2.90, maximum width— 1.60. Pygidium: maximum length—0.64, maximum width—0.47.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, Paraguay (Jordan 1904, Rheinheimer 2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87B8FF9EFFCFFF66FF66FC0DD8AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trýzna, Miloš;Caballero-Serrano, Verónica;Carrasco, Juan Carlos	Trýzna, Miloš, Caballero-Serrano, Verónica, Carrasco, Juan Carlos (2024): Review of the Neotropical Piezonemus Jordan with type designations, description of Piezonemus espoch sp. nov. from Ecuador, and notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine with keys to world genera (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). Zootaxa 5415 (3): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3
03AB87B8FF9EFFC6FF66FAB5FBBBD99E.text	03AB87B8FF9EFFC6FF66FAB5FBBBD99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piezonemus espoch Tryzna, Caballero-Serrano & Carrasco 2024	<div><p>Piezonemus espoch Trýzna, Caballero-Serrano &amp; Carrasco sp. nov.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5F81CC8A-04B9-4643-AB11-3EFE8013DFB0</p><p>(Figs 73–89)</p><p>Type locality. Ecuador, Orellana province, Loreto env. near El Coca [= Puerto Francisco de Orellana], remnants of natural forest [ca. S 0°42´, W 77°19´]</p><p>Type material. Holotype, male (Figs 73–80): ‘ Ecuador, Napo distr. / Loreto [now in Orellana province] / 17.2.- 14.3.1996 / J. Strnad leg. [p]’ // ‘ Piezonemus / lateralis / Jord. [h] / det. R. Frieser 199[p]6[h]’ (NMPC) . Allotype, female: (Figs 81–86): ‘ Ecuador, 4.-18.xii. 2004 / prov. Sucumbios, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.18333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.63333/lat -0.18333334)">Shushufindi</a> / (S 0°11´, W 76°38´) / 200-400 m, Zd. Mráček leg.’ // Piesocorynus / sp. [h] / det: B.D. Valentine [p]´10 [h] [= 2010] (MTDC) .</p><p>Red label [p] HOLOTYPE (or ALLOTYPE) / Piezonemus espoch sp. nov. / M.Trýzna, V.Caballero-Serrano / &amp; J.C.Carrasco det., 2024.</p><p>Identification. The coloration of the body is similar to that in both previous species, but in general, coloration of head, pronotum, elytra and legs is more yellowish (rather more greyish in the previous two species). Elytra yellowish in apical and lateral parts, while disc of elytra black.</p><p>Male tarsomere I of protarsus with spine on lower part (Fig. 78), tarsomere I of mesotibia continuously flowing to spur with a wide base (Figs 73, 79) (dilated at apex on inner side in both previous species). Pygidium of female without any promontory.</p><p>Description. Holotype, male (allotype, female) (Figs 73–86). Measurements (in mm): Total body length—4.41 (4.41). Head: total length—0.86 (0.86), length of rostrum—0.30 (0.33), maximum width of rostrum—0.79 (0.77), length of eye—0.60 (0.57), maximum width across eyes—1.04 (1.09), minimum distance between eyes—0.27 (0.27). Antenna: length of segments: II—0.20 (0.17), III—0.27 (0.26), IV—0.21 (0.21), V—0.21 (0.20), VI—0.16 (0.14), VII—0.17 (0.14), VIII—0.13 (0.10), IX—0.34 (0.33), X—0.19 (0.17), XI—0.21 (0.20), width of segment IX—0.20 (0.20). Pronotum: maximum length—0.98 (1.00), maximum width—1.50 (1.55), minimum width—0.88 (0.90). Elytra: maximum length—2.55 (2.63), width in humeral part—1.50 (1.55). Pygidium: maximum length— 0.50 (0.50), maximum width—0.44 (0.53).</p><p>Coloration of the cuticle of entire body generally dark brown to black. Disc of elytra black, margins and apical part brown, abdominal ventrites and pygidium dark brown. Antennae light brown, antennomeres IX–XI black, only apical half of XI dark brown. Labrum distinctly yellow, mandibles light brown with black outer edges. Legs brown, tarsomeres IV–II with lighter basal part than apical, III–V rather yellowish.</p><p>Vestiture (Figs 73– 80 male, 81– 86 female). Head (Figs 74, 82) with sparse appressed yellowish setae, setae denser on upper margin of eyes. Antennomeres I–VIII (Figs 77, 85) almost bare, only with sporadic fine setae located in the apical half of the antennomeres, IX–XI with short appressed black dense setae. Disc of pronotum (Figs 76, 84) with appressed yellowish setae forming irregular and interrupted longitudinal stripe in central part and also slightly denser on lateral sides. Lower side of pronotum with denser yellowish to whitish setae. Elytra (Figs 73, 80–81, 86) covered with appressed yellowish setae particularly in apical and lateral parts, disc of elytra with black setae (surface is not abraded here as it might seems). Meso-, metasternum and all abdominal ventrites covered with dense yellowish to whitish setae. All femora with sparse appressed yellowish setae, each tibia with subdecumbent setae forming two yellowish rings in post-basal and apical part, part between rings covered with dark brown setae. Basal part of tarsomeres I–II with light-coloured setae only in basal part, rest of these tarsomeres brown, III–V with light-coloured setae. Pygidium covered with longer sparse yellowish setae.</p><p>Structure. Head (Figs 74, 82) noticeably short, rostrum flat, without any carinae, only with indistinct depression before eyes. Sides of rostrum short, only imperceptibly widening apically. Ratio of rostrum length to maximum width 0.38 in male, 0.43 in female. Dorsal and lateral part of rostrum only with very fine sculpture. Eyes strikingly large, dorsal ocular index 0.70 in male, 0.66 in female. Ratio of maximum width across eyes to maximum width of rostrum 1.32 in male, 1.42 in female.</p><p>Antennae (Figs 73, 77, 81, 85) reaching posterior margin of pronotum, however, do not reach half of elytra in both sexes. Scape and pedicel distinct, at least 2 times as wide as antennomeres III on apical parts, VIII shorter and nearly the same width as VII, IX–XI not forming compact club, but with only separated antennomeres, IX 1.7 times longer than wider (1.65 times in female), X as wide as long (wider than longer in female), X ovoid.</p><p>Pronotum (Figs 76, 84) conical, sides straight, only weakly convex in female, pronotum transverse, ratio of its length to maximum width ca. 0.65 in both sexes, widest at dorsal transverse carina, from here strongly narrowed anteriad. Dorsal transverse carina basal, slightly bisinuate, widely and shallow emarginate in middle posteriad, continuous to sides, here forming weakly protruding sharp lateral angle. Lateral carinae of pronotum distinct, protruding, not reaching to half of length of pronotum (Figs 80, 86). Basal longitudinal carinulae of pronotum present, but due to basal dorsal transverse carina, extremely short. Disc of pronotum moderately convex.</p><p>Elytra (Figs 73, 81) sub-oval, sides parallel, humeri developed, apical part of elytra broadly rounded. Ratio of the maximum length to maximum width of elytra ca. 1.70 in both sexes. Elytra with pair of indistinct bumps in sub-basal part. Elytral striae with distinct punctures, elytral intervals ca. 3 times as wide as foveae, fovea often weakly longitudinal, spaces between foveae shorter than individual fovea.</p><p>Legs. Male: protibia and mesotibia with small, short spine at apex (see Fig. 78 —spine on apical part of protibia). Tarsomere I of protarsus with delicate but visible spine on lower part (Fig. 78), tarsomere I of mesotarsus continuous to spur with a wide base (Figs 73, 79). Female: protibia, mesotibia and tarsomeres simple, without any spine or spur.</p><p>Abdomen shorter than broad. Pygidium slightly convex, widely rounded, longer than wider in male, wider than longer in female. Ratio of the maximum length to maximum width 1.14 in male, 0.94 in female. Pygidium of female without any promontory.</p><p>Etymology. The species name espoch is dedicated in honor of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (acronym ESPOCH) in recognition of the support given for the development of the research project Entomofauna IDIPI 281 (see Acknowledgements).</p><p>Collecting circumstances. Both specimens of the type series were collected by beating smaller twigs of fallen branches of unidentified deciduous trees inside natural forests.</p><p>Distribution. Ecuador, Orellana (holotype) and Sucumbíos (allotype) provinces (Fig. 87).</p><p>Differential diagnosis. The new species differs from both other species of Piezonemus mainly by the male protibia and mesotibia with a small, short spine at apex, and tarsomere I of the protarsus with a delicate spine on lower part, and tarsomere I of mesotibia with a distinct spur. Males of two other species lack these spines or spur. The female of the new species has a simple, convex pygidium, without any promontory, while both other species have a bifurcated promontory on the apical part. For more details see key below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87B8FF9EFFC6FF66FAB5FBBBD99E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trýzna, Miloš;Caballero-Serrano, Verónica;Carrasco, Juan Carlos	Trýzna, Miloš, Caballero-Serrano, Verónica, Carrasco, Juan Carlos (2024): Review of the Neotropical Piezonemus Jordan with type designations, description of Piezonemus espoch sp. nov. from Ecuador, and notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine with keys to world genera (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). Zootaxa 5415 (3): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3
03AB87B8FF97FFC5FF66F9E2FEFBDBA9.text	03AB87B8FF97FFC5FF66F9E2FEFBDBA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Piezonemus Jordan 1904	<div><p>Key to Piezonemus species</p><p>1 Male: tarsomere I of protarsus and mesotarsus with distinct spur at apex in male (Figs 78–79). Female: pygidium flat, without any promontory (Fig. 83)......................................................... Piezonemus espoch sp. nov.</p><p>- Male: tarsomere I of protarsus and mesotarsus without distinct spur at apex in male, only tarsomere I of mesotarsus dilated at apex on inner side (Fig. 53). Female: pygidium with bifurcated promontory (Figs 70–72)............................ 2</p><p>2 Male: tarsomere I of mesotarsus shorter than others together (Fig. 53), pygidium elongate, ratio of the maximum length to maximum width 1.24 (Figs 46, 54). Female: pygidium with distinct promontory before apical edge, this projection high and deeply divided basally (Fig. 70). Eyes shorter (Figs 44, 50)...................................... Piezonemus durus</p><p>- Male: tarsomere I of mesotarsus distinctly longer than others combined (Fig. 69), pygidium obviously elongate, ratio of the maximum length to maximum width 1.36 (Fig. 66). Female: pygidium with distinct promontory before apical edge, but this projection not so high and not deeply divided basally. Eyes longer (Fig. 63)....................... Piezonemus lateralis</p><p>Notes on Piezonemus and confusion with some species of the genus Piesocorynus</p><p>During the study of Neotropical species of the tribe Piesocorynini in world collections, misidentifications between the similar genera Piezonemus and Piesocorynus were found, as well as confusion caused by abbreviated scientific names on determination labels. For specimens labelled as ‘ P. lateralis Jordan’, it is not clear whether Piezonemus lateralis Jordan, 1904 or Piesocorynus lateralis Jordan, 1906 is intended. Moreover, the two species, and the two genera, are somewhat similar and are confused in collections.</p><p>Furthermore, both specimens of the new species described here, Piezonemus espoch sp. nov., have been misidentified in the past. The holotype (male) was previously determined as Piezonemus lateralis (R. Frieser det. 1996), and the allotype (female) had been determined as Piesocorynus sp. (B.D. Valentine det. 2010).</p><p>In addition, one specimen determined by R. Frieser as Piezonemus lateralis (R. Frieser det. 1953) was found in his collection (now in ZSMC), which, however, belongs to the genus Piesocorynus, specifically to the species P. obliquus Frieser, 1978, which Robert Frieser described himself, but he did not include this specimen in the type series.</p><p>It follows from the above, that distinguishing the genera Piezonemus and Piesocorynus can be difficult. We help to resolve these inaccuracies by illustrating the type material of the relevant species. Therefore, we studied the holotype (male from Panama) and paratype (male from Guatemala) (both in BMNH) of Piesocorynus lateralis, and the holotype (male from Brazil, in ZSMC) and two paratypes (male and female from Brazil, MTDC) of Piesocorynus obliquus . The main distinguishing features of both species are:</p><p>Piesocorynus lateralis (Figs 90–95): disc of pronotum convex, simple, without bumps, uniform coloured (Figs 92, 95). Dorsal transverse carina of pronotum straight (Fig. 92). Elytra almost flat, with only faint pair of bumps in sub-basal part (Fig. 95). Size 5.5–5.8 mm. Distribution: Central America (Panama, Guatemala, Mexico).</p><p>Piesocorynus obliquus (Figs 96–100): disc of pronotum with one central and two lateral bumps, with narrow longitudinal contrasting yellow strip in central part (Figs 98, 100). Dorsal transverse carina of pronotum bisinuate (Fig. 98). Elytra with pair of distinct bumps in sub-basal part (Fig. 100). Size 2.5–4.0 mm. Distribution: South America (Brazil).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB87B8FF97FFC5FF66F9E2FEFBDBA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Trýzna, Miloš;Caballero-Serrano, Verónica;Carrasco, Juan Carlos	Trýzna, Miloš, Caballero-Serrano, Verónica, Carrasco, Juan Carlos (2024): Review of the Neotropical Piezonemus Jordan with type designations, description of Piezonemus espoch sp. nov. from Ecuador, and notes on the tribe Piesocorynini Valentine with keys to world genera (Coleoptera: Anthribidae). Zootaxa 5415 (3): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.3
