identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AA86220D6BFF993ADECCB7580FE8A5.text	03AA86220D6BFF993ADECCB7580FE8A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhabdepyris Kieffer	<div><p>Rhabdepyris Kieffer</p><p>Rhabdepyris Kieffer, 1904, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz., 23: 32. Type-species: Rhabdepyris myrmecophilus Kieffer. Subsequent designation by Kieffer, 1906, 9: 376, 383–384.</p><p>Trichotepyris Kieffer, 1906, In André, Spec. Hymen. Eur. 9: 376. Type-species: Rhabdepyris pallidipennis Kieffer. Subsequent designation by Muesebeck &amp; Walkley, 1951, In C. W. F. Muesebeck, K. V. Krombein &amp; H. K. Townes, Hymen. Syn . Cat., 2: 729. Proposed as subgenus of Rhabdepyris . Synonym designation by Kieffer, 1914, Das Tierreich, 41: 346. Subgenus re-designation by Evans, 1965, Boll. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 133: 69.2, 729. [Not examined].</p><p>Chlorepyris Kieffer, 1913, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, 7: 108. Type-species: Epyris semiviridis Kieffer. Subsequent designation by Kieffer, 1914, Das Tierreich, 41: 412–416. Synonym designation by Evans, 1964, Boll. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 132: 93. Subgenus designation by Evans, 1965, Boll. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 133: 69. 913, 108.</p><p>The genus Rhabdepyris was originally described by Kieffer (1904) to include two species: R. myrmecophilus and R. pallidinervis . The name of the genus combines Rhabd (from Greek “rhabdos’ = rod or stick) and Epyris (another genus of the Bethylidae). The type-species, R. myrmecophilus, was later designated by Kieffer (1906), and also later by Richards (1935), unaware of Kieffer (1906).</p><p>Rhabdepyris differs from Epyris by the presence of a transverse groove, not a fovea, on the base of the scutellum. Kieffer (1906) included in the genus all species of Epyris of Ashmead, with the exception of those that were originally placed in Holepyris . Thus, Kieffer (1906) transferred E. eganellus Westwood and E. fuscinervis Cameron to Rhabdepyris and also divided the genus into two subgenera: Rhabdepyris s. str . , with glabrous eyes and simple tarsal claws, and Trichotepyris, with pilose eyes and bifid tarsal claws. Rhabdepyris pallidipennis Kieffer was subsequently designated as the type species of the subgenus Trichotepyris by Muesebeck &amp; Walkley (1951).</p><p>The taxonomic problems in the genus Rhabdepyris have been more conspicuous since Kieffer (1908), who placed 34 species in the subgenus Trichotepyris and three in Rhabdepyris s. str . [ R. myrmecophilus, R. pallidinervis, and R. albipes (Ashmead)]. Rhabdepyris albipes is now placed in the genus Pseudisobrachium Kieffer, subfamily Pristocerinae .</p><p>Kieffer (1914) synonymized Trichotepyris under Rhabdepyris s. str . and described Xestobethylus Cameron as a subgenus. Xestobethylus was later synonymized with the genus Pseudisobrachium Kieffer (Pristocerinae) .</p><p>Kieffer (1913) described Chlorepyris, and placed four Epyris species within it [ E. viridissimus Kieffer, E. subviridis Kieffer, E. smithanus Westwood, and E. semiviridis (Kieffer)]. This genus was characterized by having square pronotal disc, scutellar foveae connected by a groove, metallic green color and two tarsal claws. Chlorepyris semiviridis (Kieffer) was subsequently designated as the type-species of Chlorepyris by Kieffer (1914). The epithet semiviridis is a substituted name given to Epyris viridis Kieffer due to homonymy when transferred to Epyris . Thus, E. viridis became A. viridis (Kieffer 1908) .</p><p>Evans (1964) synonymized Chlorepyris and Trichotepyris under Rhabdepyris, but he later recognized them as distinct subgenera (Evans 1965a). Chlorepyris was characterized by having glabrous eyes and a body with short, light-colored and subappressed bristles. In contrast, Trichotepyris have the eyes covered with short setae, and males with third antennal segment reduced to a small ring-joint closely consolidated with fourth segment (Evans 1965a).</p><p>The subgenus Lophepyris Evans was created by Evans (1959) to accommodate species near Anisepyris (or tending toward that group, as the author states). Evans (1959) suggested that these species linked the two genera, but the classification as a subgenus of Rhabdepyris was justified due to the wide structural variation already known for this genus. Lophepyris was later placed in synonymy with Anisepyris by Evans (1964).</p><p>Evans (1965a) revised Rhabdepyris from the Americas, providing a taxonomic key to the subgenera, descriptions of new species and diagnoses of the known American species. The subgenus Trichotepyris was divided into the species-groups nigropilosus, megacephalus, and pulchripennis, whereas Chlorepyris was divided into the lobatifrons, muscarius, and viridissimus species-groups.</p><p>Evans (1979, 1982) also studied the Australian species of Rhabdepyris and proposed two species-groups: the platycephalus and anxius groups. The first includes two Australian and one European species and is characterized by the strong upper tooth in males and the thick tarsal setae. The anxius group includes the Australian Rhabdepyris species with vestigial (or “virtually absent”) radial vein in the females. The species of this group are similar to those of the genus Trachepyris from northern Africa, with long, thick bristles on tarsi and scape and mandible with an internal expansion. The classification was justified because Trachepyris, as Epyris, has a pair of foveae on the scutellum, which is not the case in Rhabdepyris (Evans 1982) . Males of the anxius group have a complete radial vein and are very similar to males of the platycephalus species-group. Females of the anxius group are also similar to those females of the platycephalus group, which Evans (1982) considered ancestral to the anxius group. Neither the platycephalus nor the anxius species-groups were placed in any subgenus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA86220D6BFF993ADECCB7580FE8A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Waichert, Cecilia;Azevedo, Celso O.	Waichert, Cecilia, Azevedo, Celso O. (2009): Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters. Zootaxa 2284: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191239
03AA86220D78FF8F3ADECA215890E963.text	03AA86220D78FF8F3ADECA215890E963.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhabdepyris myrmecophilus Kieffer 1904	<div><p>Rhabdepyris myrmecophilus Kieffer, 1904</p><p>Rhabdepyris myrmecophilus Kieffer, 1904, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz, 23: 32.</p><p>Material examined. Rhabdepyris myrmecophilus: Holotype, female, C. Tetramor.; Linz a/Rh. 10/94; {= GERMANY, Linz sur Rhin, in association with Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758), Wasmann col.} (NHME).</p><p>Analysis Unweighted Successive Weighting Redescription. Female (holotype). Total body length 2.90 mm; hind wing length 1.40 mm. Color. Head, mesosoma and metasoma dark castaneous; mandible and antenna castaneous; coxae and femora dark castaneous, trochanters, tibiae and tarsi castaneous; tegula light castaneous; wing hyaline, veins and stigma light castaneous.</p><p>Head (Fig. 5 A–B). Mandible uniformly wide (Fig. 5 B), with five apical teeth, lower tooth exceeding others. Median lobe of clypeus projected, angulate; median carina complete, straight on profile. Antennal scrobe without carina, less projected on frons. Ratio of first four antennal segments 12:5:3:4 (Fig. 5 C). Frons coriaceous; punctures conspicuous and small, frontal groove present. Eye small, glabrous. Malar space large, almost as large as length of mandible. WH 1.00 x LH; WF 0.78 x WH; WF 2.33 x HE; OOL 1.62 x WOT; frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; distance from posterior ocellus to vertex crest 2.50 x DAO. Vertex slightly convex; corner rounded; temple convergent posteriorly. VOL 1.77 x HE.</p><p>Mesosoma (Figs. 7 –10). Coriaceous, punctures inconspicuous. Pronotal disc 0.87 x longer than mesoscutum. Notaulus complete, straight, shallow. Parapsidal furrow straight, shallow. Scutellar disc as a triangle, scutellar groove straight, wide, deep, with continuous parallel crests, extremity few dilated. Propodeal disc 1.37 x as wide as long; with three discal carina, median carina complete, straight; discal paramedian carina incomplete, slightly convergent in posterior face; propodeal disc areolate among discal carinae, strigulate laterally, lateral carina with rugose groove, posterior corner foveolate; lateral of propodeum areolate; declivity areolate, median carina incomplete. Mesopleuron 1.83 x as wide as long (Fig. 5 E); upper fovea complete; anterior fovea absent; prepectal and postpectal carina absent; episternal groove present, not foveolate; mesopleural fovea small, relatively deep, 5.50 x mesopleuron length. Median tibia without spurs. Anterior femur 3.00 x longer than wide. Tarsal claw bidentate (Fig. 5 F), base rounded.</p><p>Comments. The type species of Rhabdepyris is myrmecophilic and has several specializations for this habit and it is not comparable to the other species. Rhabdepyris myrmecophilus has an inconspicuous texture and sculpturing, small eyes and flattened head in comparison to the other species in the genus. The light castaneous body color is similar to that of the ant with which it is associated. Most species of Rhabdepyris are black or metallic in color.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA86220D78FF8F3ADECA215890E963	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Waichert, Cecilia;Azevedo, Celso O.	Waichert, Cecilia, Azevedo, Celso O. (2009): Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters. Zootaxa 2284: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191239
03AA86220D7CFF823ADECFC458D0EBCD.text	03AA86220D7CFF823ADECFC458D0EBCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisepyris Kieffer	<div><p>Anisepyris Kieffer</p><p>Anisepyris Kieffer, 1905, In André, Spec. Hymen, Eur. Alger., 9: 248. Type species: Epyris amazonicus Westwood. Monotypic designation.</p><p>Rhabdepyris (Lophepyris) Evans, 1959, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 61: 201–204. Type species: Rhabdepyris (Lophepyris) bridwelli Evans. Original designation. Synonym designation by Evans, 1964, Boll. Mus. Comp., 132: 96. [Not examined].</p><p>Trichotepyris Kieffer, 1906, In André, Spec. Hymen. Eur. 9: 376. Type-species: Rhabdepyris pallidipennis Kieffer. Subsequent designation by Muesebeck &amp; Walkley 1951, In C. W. F. Muesebeck, K. V. Krombein &amp; H. K. Townes, Hymen. Syn . Cat., 2: 729 (proposed as subgenus of Rhabdepyris). Synonym designation by Kieffer, 1914, Das Tierreich, 41: 346. Subgenus designation by Evans, 1965, Boll. Mus. Comp., 133: 69. Syn . nov. [Not examined].</p><p>Diagnosis. It is usually black or dark metallic in coloration; with large mandible, from 2 to 5 teeth; clypeus with median lobe usually angulated, median carina arched, and lateral lobes not developed; eyes large and densely pilose; antennae arising from lower side of a transverse prominence formed by lower front; malar space margined by a carina. Pronotum usually with a transverse carina in front, disc large flat or weakly convex, its sides rather sharp and often also carinate, pronotal disc often with a foveolate groove in the posterior portion; notauli sinuous, complete or nearly so; scutellum with a transverse basal groove which is fairly wide and commonly turned backward and slightly enlarged on each side; propodeal disc subquadrate, with strong lateral and posterior carinae, the postero-lateral corners often foveolate, median carina complete and extending down the declivity; mesopleuron with prepectal and postpectal carinae, generally, the lower fovea is present, mesopleural fovea elongate, episternal groove is present and scrobiculate.</p><p>Comments and character discussion. Kieffer (1905) recognized Anisepyris primarily by the anterior carina of the pronotum (character 20), the transverse groove on the scutellum (24), and the number of flagellomeres of the antenna. Herein, we also include the following characters: head and eyes large and densely pilose (12, 13), the clypeus with an arched median carina (5), the pronotal disc with a foveolate groove in the posterior portion (24), and the notauli generally sinuous, fine and shallow (31). Often, the species of this genus are also shiny (46) and have a malar space that is margined by a carina (6). The body shape is similar to Chlorepyris . Yet Anisepyris can be more carinate and marked with fovea and grooves, and the tarsal claws are distinct; Chlorepyris species do not have a carinate malar space.</p><p>Species of Rhabdepyris (Rhabdepyris) transferred to Laelius</p><p>Nomenclatural Nomenclatural</p><p>Species Species</p><p>act act</p><p>* areolatus (Rosmann &amp; Azevedo, 2005) comb. nov. * minutulus (Evans, 1965) comb. nov. * canchinensis (Azevedo, 1992) comb. nov. * muesebecki (Evans, 1965) comb. nov. * gracilis (Evans, 1965) comb. nov. * multilineatus (Evans, 1966) comb. nov. * hirticulus (Evans, 1965) comb. nov. * nigripilosus (Ashmead, 1895) comb. nov. * maboya (Snelling, 1996) comb. nov. * nigriscapus (Evans, 1965) comb. nov. * mellipes (Evans, 1965) comb. nov. * versicolor (Evans, 1970) comb. nov.</p><p>Species of Rhabdepyris (Trichotepyris) transferred to Anisepyris Species of Rhabdepyris (Chlorepyris) transferred to Chlorepyris stat. rev.</p><p>continued next page</p><p>Species of Rhabdepyris (Chlorepyris) transferred to Chlorepyris stat. rev.</p><p>Mesopleuron (Figs. 4 C, 4F). It seems to be surrounded by the prepectal (47) and postpectal carina (48). Generally, the postpectal carina is closed and forms the lower fovea (49, 50); the mesopleural fovea is elongate (52) and, some of species has a triangular shape; the mesopleural pit is deep. The episternal groove is present (55) and scrobiculate (56) in some species, the sub-tegular groove is complete; the anterior-superior fovea (53) is rounded and deep, in median to large size (54).</p><p>Variation. The dorsal profile of the temples may be long and more curved in some specimens; the anterior transverse carinae on pronotal disc may be absent. Some species have the notauli shorter and dilated in the posterior portion. Mesopleuron may have small fovea replete with punctuation (mainly inferiorly) that often confuse the limits or the delimiting carinae. Specimens usually classified as Trichotepyris do not have anterior carina on pronotum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA86220D7CFF823ADECFC458D0EBCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Waichert, Cecilia;Azevedo, Celso O.	Waichert, Cecilia, Azevedo, Celso O. (2009): Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters. Zootaxa 2284: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191239
03AA86220D71FF823ADECE615862ECBC.text	03AA86220D71FF823ADECE615862ECBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlorepyris Kieffer	<div><p>Chlorepyris Kieffer</p><p>Chlorepyris Kieffer, 1913, Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, 7: 108. Stat. rev. Type-species: Chlorepyris semiviridis Kieffer. Subsequent designation by Kieffer, 1914, Das Tierreich, 41: 412–416. Synonym designation by Evans, 1964, Boll. Mus. Comp., 132: 93. Subgenus designation by Evans, 1965, Boll. Mus. Comp., 133: 69.</p><p>Diagnosis. It is small to fairly large; black, greenish or bluish; mandibles from 3 to 5 apical teeth; 3th antennal segment in male variable, but distinguishes from the 4th. Pronotum rather long, its posterior margin not paralleled by a foveolate groove; mesoscutum more or less transversely depressing usually only as very fine lines; scutellar groove slender and arcuate or sometimes rather straight and much broadened on each side, in a few species merely forming a thinmline connecting large lateral pits; propodeal disc with from 3 to 7 longitudinal carinae, its postero-lateral angles always strongly foveolate; mesopleuron with prepectal and postpectal carinae in different length, closed or open, the episternal groove is present and scrobiculate.</p><p>Comments and character discussion. In the original description and subsequent studies, Kieffer (1904, 1906) characterized Rhabdepyris by the absence of the fovea on scutellum (character 40) and he did not mention any kind of fovea or dilation of the groove. From the description of Chlorepyris it is clear that this taxon has a fovea connected by a groove (32), which contradicts the initial characterization of Rhabdepyris that only mentions the scutellar groove. The synonymy of Chlorepyris with Rhabdepyris could not be justified by Evans (1964).</p><p>Mesopleuron (Fig. 4 C). It is completely surrounded by grooves or carinae. The prepectal (47) and postpectal carinae (48) length varies, in some individuals the carina is closed and forms the lower fovea of mesopleuron (49), which can be closed or open (50); the mesopleural pit is deep. The episternal groove is present (55) and scrobiculate (56) in most species; the sub-tegular groove is complete in all studied specimens, and extends from the tegula to the end of the mesopleuron; the anterior-superior fovea (53) may vary in size from median to large (54).</p><p>Variation. The mesopleural fovea varies in shape, size and depth. Within the species group, it maintains the previously described pattern with little variation, except for the viridissimus group, in which the mesopleural fovea is elongated and extends to the episternal groove that is apparently vestigial and smooth. The anterior fovea is also absent or is merely an impression. The species have wide, long and polished mesopleuron.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA86220D71FF823ADECE615862ECBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Waichert, Cecilia;Azevedo, Celso O.	Waichert, Cecilia, Azevedo, Celso O. (2009): Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters. Zootaxa 2284: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191239
03AA86220D71FF833ADECAA35D82EE75.text	03AA86220D71FF833ADECAA35D82EE75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laelius Ashmead	<div><p>Laelius Ashmead</p><p>Laelius Ashmead, 1893, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 45: 50–52. Type species: Laelius trogodermatis Ashmead. Original designation.</p><p>Paralaelius Kieffer, 1906, Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles, 29: 106, 129. Type species: Bethylus pedatus Say. Subsequent designation by Kieffer, 1914, Das Tierreich, 41: 283. Synonym designation by Muesebeck &amp; Walkley, 1951, In C. W. F. Muesebeck, K. V. Krombein &amp; H. K. Townes, Hymen. Syn . Cat., 2: 729. [Not examined].</p><p>Diagnosis. They are small size; black coloration; head, thorax, wings, and often femora with long and thick black setae. Mandibles with 4 or 5 apical teeth; clypeus with median lobe trapezoidal with median dental apex, without lateral lobes; front large and with prolonged malar space; eyes gibbous. Pronotum with smooth contours, disc rounded off anteriorly and laterally, not carinate, much broadened behind; notauli fine and often incomplete (sometimes similar to small foveae); propodeal disc carinate laterally and posteriorly, posterolateral angles sometime foveolate; mesopleuron surrounded by prepectal and postpectal carina, usually foveolate basally, with small pit. Fore wing with stigma longer than the short basal vein, latter reaching subcosta close to base of stigma; hind wing boarded with thick setae, radial vein short or long.</p><p>Comments and character discussion. Laelius was originally described by Ashmead (1893) to include four species and it was characterized by having a short radial vein (character 71). Rhabdepyris was separated from Laelius by Evans (1965a) for the long radial vein. Evans (1965a) constituted and characterized the nominate subgenus without studying the type-species or any other previously identified species. All the species described in subgenus Rhabdepyris, except for the type species, are only described from the Americas. However, the non-American species of Laelius can have a long radial vein. Laelius is now recognized by the trapezoidal clypeus with median dental apex (4), by the front with prolonged malar space, the large front and the gibbous eyes (11), by the fine and incomplete notauli (sometimes similar to small foveae) (28, 29), by the long and thick body setae (44, 45), and by the hind wing boarded with thick setae (74).</p><p>Mesopleuron. It is usually punctuated or foveolate at the lower portion. The fovea is shallower and more rounded than in Anisepyris and Chlorepyris . The prepectal carina is usually punctuated (47); the mesopleural fovea is apparently absent, visible only as a pit; the mesopleural pit is deep (51). The episternal groove is wellmarked (55) and scrobiculate (56); the sub-tegular groove is complete; the anterior-superior fovea (53) is shallow and small (54).</p><p>Variation. The notauli of Laelius from Japan are fine, shallow and almost complete. Some specimens can be more carinate, with many fovea and grooves (mostly on the mesopleuron). Some examples of Laelius from Madagascar (see Barbosa &amp; Azevedo, 2009) vary by having an almost smooth mesopleuron.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA86220D71FF833ADECAA35D82EE75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Waichert, Cecilia;Azevedo, Celso O.	Waichert, Cecilia, Azevedo, Celso O. (2009): Phylogenetic analysis of Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and redefinition of generic limits based on morphological characters. Zootaxa 2284: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191239
