identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AD87C5FFDB71668DADFC817C8E7999.text	03AD87C5FFDB71668DADFC817C8E7999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Santolina ericoides Poiret	<div><p>Santolina ericoides Poiret in Lamarck (1805: 504)</p> <p>Poiret’s protologue (1805: 504) of Santolina ericoides, numbered “3” in the Encyclopédie Méthodique [Santoline à feuilles de bruyère], consists of a morphological description in Latin: “ Santolina pedunculis unifloris; capitulis minimis, depressis; foliis angusto-linearibus, subglabris, pinnatim denticulatis; ramis incano-pubescentibus, caulibus glabris. (N.) [Nobis]”, followed by four synonyms or pre-Linnaean names (three of these are polynomials) (see below), a diagnostic comment, and a complete description of the species, both in French.</p> <p>Furthermore, Poiret (1805: 505) added “Cette plante se rencontre dans les contrées méridionales de l’Europe. On la cultive au Jardin des Plantes (v.v.)” [This plant is found in the southern parts of Europe. It is cultivated in the Jardin des Plantes (i.e., Botanical Garden of Paris)]. The indication of “(v.v.)” in the protologue must be treated as the acronym of “vue vivante” (i.e., seen alive).</p> <p>Regarding the type of Santolina ericoides, Giacò et al. (2021: 195) designated the specimen P barcode P00752618 as neotype. The sheet bears a stem with leaves and several capitula (seed heads), and a label annotated as “ Santolina ericoïdes. h.R.P.” (Hortus Regius Parisiensis, the Latin name for the Jardin royal des plantes médicinales) / “Syng. polyg – aequal. / encycl.” / “herb. Poiret” (image available at http://mediaphoto.mnhn.fr/media/ 1443721765171MMKOuv7boVvUmih9). This specimen lacks the date of collection or any annotation by Poiret explicitly linking it to the protologue to demonstrate that this material was available to Poiret prior to the publication of the protologue, so it cannot be considered with certainty as original material used by Poiret to describe his S. ericoides. In this case, the term neotype was used by Giacò et al. (2021) appropriately but the neotypification cannot be accepted and the designated neotype should be superseded because there are other certainly original elements which are available for lectotypification.</p> <p>Poiret (1805: 504) mentioned four pre-Linnaean synonyms in the protologue, and the accounts of three of these polynomials are illustrated. Therefore, these illustrations are indeed part of the original material used by Poiret to describe his Santolina ericoides.</p> <p>The first synonym “ Santolina foliis ericae vel sabinae ” was cited from Tournefort (1719: 460). The second synonym “ Abrotanum femina, foliis ericae vel sabinae ” was cited from Bauhin (1623: 137) and Morison (1699: 12, sect. 6, tab. 3, fig. 17). The third synonym “ Santolina altera ” was cited from Dodoëns (1583: 269), and finally the fourth synonym “ Abrotanum femina Dodonaei ” was cited from Daléchamps (1586: 938). Morison (1699), Daléchamps (1586), and Dodoëns (1583) provided illustrations that may be considered part of the original material because they are associated by Poiret with S. ericoides. Since these illustrations are the only certain original material eligible for typification of the name S. ericoides, the lectotype should be selected among them, according to Art. 9.3 of the ICN.</p> <p>The illustration in Morison (1699: 12, sect. 6, tab. 3, fig. 17), “ Abrotonum foemina, foliis ericae ”, is a complete plant with leaves and three capitula (image available at https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/14345/?offset=7#page=685&amp;viewer=picture&amp;o=bookmark&amp;n=0&amp;q). According to the description associated with this illustration, the leaves are short and green, and the flowers are yellow. The illustration in Daléchamps (1586: 938) “ ABROTONUM foemina Dodonaei ” is a complete plant with leaves, several capitula, and two details of separate capitula (Fig. 1). According to the description associated with this illustration, the leaves are green, the flowers are yellow, and Narbonne and Nîmes (Occitanie, France) are mentioned as the origin of the plants. Finally, the drawing in Dodoëns (1583: 269), “ Santolina altera ”, illustrates a complete plant, with leaves and several capitula. The description associated with the latter illustration reports: “foliis tamen longioribus, virentioribus ac minus candidis; flore pallidiore [longer leaves, more green and less white; flower paler]. However, some of the cited features, in particular the longer leaves and the paler flowers (probably more appropriate for S. chamaecyparissus), do not fit well with Poiret’s protologue of S. ericoides. On the other hand, the illustrations and the related descriptions provided by Morison and Daléchamps fit well with Poiret’s protologue. We think that the best option is to designate the illustration in Daléchamps as the lectotype, since also the provenance of the illustrated plants is provided along with the illustration. This illustration is congruent with Poiret’s protologue and with the current application of the name S. ericoides, as also circumscribed by Carbajal et al. (2019) and Giacò et al. (2021). Moreover, according to Tison et al. (2014) and Giacò et al. (2021), the only species occurring in the localities mentioned by Daléchamps is S. ericoides. This species is diploid with 2 n = 2 x = 18 chromosomes (Giacò et al., under revision).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87C5FFDB71668DADFC817C8E7999	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo;Sáez, Llorenç;Wajer, Jacek;Giacò, Antonio;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo, Sáez, Llorenç, Wajer, Jacek, Giacò, Antonio, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of the names Santolina ericoides and S. villosa (Asteraceae) revisited. Phytotaxa 509 (2): 233-240, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.6
03AD87C5FFD871668DADFD0B7B0B7808.text	03AD87C5FFD871668DADFD0B7B0B7808.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Santolina ericoides Poiret	<div><p>Santolina ericoides Poiret in Lamarck (1805: 504)</p> <p>Type (lectotype, designated here):—[illustration] “ ABROTONUM foemina, Dodonaei ” in Daléchamps (1586: 938) (Fig. 1).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87C5FFD871668DADFD0B7B0B7808	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo;Sáez, Llorenç;Wajer, Jacek;Giacò, Antonio;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo, Sáez, Llorenç, Wajer, Jacek, Giacò, Antonio, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of the names Santolina ericoides and S. villosa (Asteraceae) revisited. Phytotaxa 509 (2): 233-240, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.6
03AD87C5FFD871678DADFCFB7D2C7CFB.text	03AD87C5FFD871678DADFCFB7D2C7CFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Santolina villosa Miller 1768	<div><p>Santolina villosa Miller (1768: Santolina No. 2)</p> <p>Giacò et al. (2021) designated a neotype for this name, selecting a specimen kept at PAL (barcode PAL-Gr 064650). However, this designation should be superseded according to Art. 9.19 (a) of the ICN because at least one specimen that is part of the original material does exist. Given the above, a lectotype should be designated.</p> <p>In accordance with the rules outlined by Miller in the Introduction to the eighth edition of the Gardeners Dictionary, the protologue of Santolina villosa Miller (1768: Santolina No. 2) includes a Latin diagnosis “2. SANTOLINA (Villosa) pedunculis unifloris, calycibus globosis, foliis quadrisariàm dentatis tomentosis” and its English translation “ Lavender-cotton with one flower upon a foot-stalk, globular empalements, and woolly leaves which are indented four ways ”, followed by the synonym “ Santolina flore majore, foliis villosis &amp; incanis. Tourn, Inst. 460” (this reference being to Tournefort 1719: 460) translated into English as “Lavender-cotton with a larger flower and hoary leaves”. The protologue is also accompanied by a more detailed description in the main article on the genus Santolina: “The second sort has a shrubby stalk with branches out like the former [i.e. No. 1 S. chamaecyparissus L.], but the plants seldom grow so tall. The branches are divided into a great number of stalks, which are short, hoary, and garnished very closely below with leaves shaped like thofe of the other sort, but are shorter, thicker, and whiter; the flowers are much larger, and the brims of the florets are more reflexed; they are of a deeper sulphur colour than the other, but appear at the same time”. Miller concludes his description by providing information about the origin of this species, which according to him “grows naturally in Spain ”.</p> <p>No particular specimens or illustrations are cited in the protologue, so the lectotype has to be selected from any elements of the original material that were available to Miller before the eighth edition of the Gardeners Dictionary was published in 1768. Miller’s own personal herbarium, said to contain almost 10,000 specimens, was purchased by Sir Joseph Banks in 1774 and was later incorporated into the General Herbarium at BM (Britten 1913). Unfortunately, no specimen identifiable as S. villosa can now be found in Miller’s own collection at BM. There is also no material of S. villosa amongst the specimens of plants grown at the Chelsea Physic Garden (of which Miller was the director from 1722 to 1771) and sent to the Royal Society between 1722 and 1796 as part of an agreement between Sir Hans Sloane and the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries. This collection of nearly 4,000 specimens gathered by Miller’s assistants (not by Miller himself) was transferred to the British Museum in 1781 and integrated into the General Herbarium in the late 1880s (Stearn 1972).</p> <p>One specimen however, directly corresponding to Miller’s concept of Santolina villosa, still survives in the Sloane Herbarium (BM-SL) at the Natural History Museum in London (Fig. 2). It forms part of a consignment of nearly 1,500 specimens of various plants grown by Miller at the Chelsea Physic Garden and presented to Sir Hans Sloane between 1727 and 1739 (Wajer 2020). The specimen can be found on folio 65 in Volume No. 294 of Sloane’s Collection (H.S. 294 fol. 65), where it is mounted together with the specimen of S. chamaecyparissus (probably for comparison). It consists of a branch with leaves and capitula identified by Miller as “ Santolina flore majore foliis villosis &amp; incanis Inst. R. H. 460 ”, which is the Tournefort’s name (1719: 460) cited in the protologue for S. villosa. It was indeed under this very name that Miller initially described this species in the first edition of the Gardeners Dictionary (Miller 1731). Miller continued using Tournefort’s polynomial solely until the seventh edition of the Dictionary (Miller 1756 –1759), when he added to it a new Latin diagnosis and a much longer English description, all reproduced verbatim in the eighth edition of the Dictionary in 1768, where the name S. villosa was validly published.</p> <p>The specimen in the Sloane’s Herbarium is the only surviving element of the original material for S. villosa and it matches the current concept and use of Miller’s name (Giacò et al. 2021), showing several of the diagnostic characters for this taxon (e.g. whitish or greyish tomentose leaves and stems and hairy involucral bracts) (Fig. 3). According to Giacò et al. (in revision), this species shows two different cytotypes. Indeed, material from Southern Spain (Gor, Granada) is hexaploid (2 n = 6 x = 54), while material from Central and Central-Eastern Spain is tetraploid (2 n = 2 x = 36). At the present state of knowledge, there is no obvious morphological feature distinguishing these cytotypes, so that it is not possible to infer to which cytotype the lectotype may apply. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the systematic relationships between these two cytotypes.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87C5FFD871678DADFCFB7D2C7CFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo;Sáez, Llorenç;Wajer, Jacek;Giacò, Antonio;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo, Sáez, Llorenç, Wajer, Jacek, Giacò, Antonio, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of the names Santolina ericoides and S. villosa (Asteraceae) revisited. Phytotaxa 509 (2): 233-240, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.6
03AD87C5FFDF71618DADFF2C7B1C7A37.text	03AD87C5FFDF71618DADFF2C7B1C7A37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Santolina villosa Miller 1768	<div><p>Santolina villosa Miller (1768: Santolina No. 2)</p> <p>Type (lectotype, designated here):—[United Kingdom, London] Chelsea Physic Garden, P. Miller s.n. [“ Santolina flore majore foliis villosis &amp; incanis Inst. R. H. 460 ”], s.d. (BM-SL: H. S. 294 fol. 65 – specimen on the left hand side of the folio) (Fig. 2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87C5FFDF71618DADFF2C7B1C7A37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo;Sáez, Llorenç;Wajer, Jacek;Giacò, Antonio;Peruzzi, Lorenzo	Ferrer-Gallego, P. Pablo, Sáez, Llorenç, Wajer, Jacek, Giacò, Antonio, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2021): Typification of the names Santolina ericoides and S. villosa (Asteraceae) revisited. Phytotaxa 509 (2): 233-240, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.2.6
