taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AC1E752135977F0184BF2FFBBBFCD9.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Silvestri (1948) characterized three genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla: Chilexenus, Macroxenodes and Macroxenus. He distinguished Chilexenus as provided with “ 3 sensillis bacilliformibus ” on antennal article VI, as opposed to more than three in Macroxenodes and Macroxenus. Silvestri’s distinction between Macroxenodes and Macroxenus was based on the length and structure of the hooked trichomes of the caudal penicillus – characters that are no longer valid. Because of this and the addition of a fourth genus, Afraustraloxenodes, bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla, a new identification key is necessary. Recently these four genera have been combined in a subfamily Macroxeninae Condé, 2008 (Condé & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin 2008). Other differences between the four genera Only in Macroxenus are all the trichomes of the tergites oriented towards the telson (Fig. 11 B). In Macroxenus, the ratio length / diameter of tergal trichomes is larger than in Macroxenodes and Afraustraloxenodes. In the only examined syntype of Chilexenus, the length of trichomes seems similar to that of Macroxenus.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752135977F0184BF2FFBBBFCD9.taxon	description	— Setiform sensilla on metatarsus ................................................................................... 3 2. Short distance between oval lateral tufts of trichomes. Three sensilla basiconica on antennal article VI ...................................................................................................... Chilexenus — Large distance between oval lateral tufts of trichomes. More than three sensilla ............. ................................................................................................................... Macroxenus 3. Antennal, prefemoral, femoral and tibial setiform sensilla ending in three or four spines ................................................................................................................ Macroxenodes — Antennal, prefemoral, femoral and tibial setiform sensilla ending in a single spine ........ ......................................................................................................... Afraustraloxenodes	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752136977F039BB9F2FECDFA9A.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Silvestri (1903) described Polyxenus rosendinus from specimens collected under bark of trees at San Rosendo, Chile, and later (Silvestri 1905: 722, 723, pl. 36 figs 38 - 41) added drawings of antennal articles VI to VIII, telotarsus, one external barbate and one internal hooked caudal trichome. In 1948 he created the genus Chilexenus for this species.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752136977E03FDBF49FCCCF916.taxon	description	(Figs 2; 3)	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752136977E03FDBF49FCCCF916.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Chile. S. Rosendo, adult ♀ syntype, mounted on slide in Canada balsam (Museo civico di Storia Naturale di Genova). The label reads “ Polyxenus rosendinus Silv. Cotypus !!, S. Rosendo ”. The thick microscope preparation does not allow a detailed observation of the ventral face.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752136977E03FDBF49FCCCF916.taxon	description	REVISED DESCRIPTION Coloration: Body and some trichomes pale yellowish; other trichomes varying from clear greyish to dark brown; pigmentation only present around ocelli. Measurements: Body length (without caudal penicillus) 2.70 mm; caudal penicillus length 0.90 mm. Length of tarsus II of 13 th leg: 160 µm. Head: Eight ocelli on each side. Vertex with one pair of posterior tufts consisting of two rows: anterior row with 18 (right) and 19 (left), posterior row with 10 trichomes. The small distance between each tuft and the length of the trichomes as shown in Figure 3 F. Length of antenna 0.50 mm; proportions of antennal articles as shown in Figure 3 A; length of article VI twice its diameter. Antennal article VI with three, thick, dorsal sensilla basiconica: posterior sensillum slightly longer than the subequal anterior and median ones (Fig. 3 C, E); one posterior sensillum coeloconicum. Antennal article VII with two dorsal sensilla basiconica: posterior one slightly shorter than anterior on left article (Fig. 3 D); on right article, anterior sensillum is broken (Fig. 3 B); one posterior sensillum coeloconicum. Three trichobothria of equal size, with cylindrical funiculi. Clypeo-labrum with 12 setae along posterior margin and 12 lamellar teeth on anterior margin. External structure of labrum not visible. Lateral expansion of gnathochilarial palp with 18 pseudoarticulated sensilla on the right and 14 visible on the left; middle palpus with 20 (21? on left) visible (Fig. 3 G). Trunk: Tergal trichomes arranged in two, long, oval tufts separated by a short space – sometimes occupied by two or more trichomes directed towards the telson (Figs 3 H; 11 A) – and one, uninterrupted, sinuous posterior row of trichomes directed towards the telson, running along posterior margin of tergite (Fig. 11 A); about 146 trichomes on tergite VIII. Legs: (Fig. 3 I). Trochanter and prefemur bearing one seta, coxa with one to three setae with slightly oval base. It is not possible to observe the small setae on femur and tibia. Second tarsus with a spine longer than the claw. Posterior lamellar process longer than claw; other process of telotarsus not visible. Telson: Type II (Condé 1970) characteristic of the subfamily: two latero-dorsal penicilli of hooked trichomes joined side by side; dorsal face of telson with a row of ten and 11 barbate trichomes a on each side of median plate (Fig. 3 K); two subcircular groups composed of 10 barbate trichomes c, and one barbate antero-internal trichome b (Fig. 3 K); on ventral face the usual subrectilinear row of barbate trichomes located at edge of penicillus of hooked trichomes is not visible. A large part of caudal penicillus is lacking; the left hooked trichomes have two hooks (Fig. 3 J).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752136977E03FDBF49FCCCF916.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Tarsi II of Chilexenus rosendinus each bear one spine (as in Macroxenus), hence Chilexenus differs from Macroxenodes and Afraustraloxenodes, both of which have a seta rather than a spine on tarsus II. Chilexenus differs from Macroxenus in the different arrangement of the tergal trichomes: long oval lateral tufts separated by a short space and reduced anterior and posterior rows in Chilexenus (Fig. 11 A), long space between lateral tufts connected by an anterior row and a posterior row in Macroxenus (Fig. 11 B).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752131977803EABAFAFB8BFBD8.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Polyxenus meinerti Silvestri, 1898. REDEFINITION OF THE GENUS Trichomes short and thick. Setiform sensilla with three spines on antennal articles, with three or four spines on prefemora, femora and tibiae. Head: eight ocelli on each side. Vertex with one pair of posterior tufts not separated from the anterior tufts and consisting of two rows (anterior and posterior). Antennal article VI with five or more sensilla basiconica, one setiform sensillum between the two anterior sensilla basiconica and one sensillum coeloconicum on the distal row of sensilla basiconica (Figs 4 E, D; 7 C, D; 9 C, E). Antennal article VII with two short, thick sensilla basiconica, one setiform sensillum between them and one sensillum coeloconicum posterior (Figs 4 C; 7 B; 9 B). Three trichobothria of equal size with cylindrical funiculi (Figs 4 A; 7 E). Whole area of labrum clothed with numerous small and varied cuspidate papillae (also called cuticular setae), in addition to two to six rows of larger spherical papillae (Figs 5 A; 7 F; 9 D) and armed with lamellar teeth on anterior margin. Outer palpus of gnathochilarium with sensilla pseudoarticulated at apex and middle palpus with pseudoarticulated sensilla except for 7 - 9 short antero-median sensilla. Trunk: two lateral tufts of trichomes on each tergite connected by trichomic rows. Tergites II to VIII or IX with three trichomic rows: an anterior row with trichomes directed anteriorly towards the head, a median and a posterior row directed towards the telson. The posterior row is sinuous and uninterrupted; trichomes of middle row more spaced than in the anterior and posterior rows (Fig. 11 C). Legs: setae on coxae, trochanters and prefemora with subcylindrical, elongated, naked funiculi (Figs 5 F, G; 7 J). Other small, oval setae (= setiform sensilla) on prefemora, femora and tibiae (Figs 5 D, E; 7 H, I). Tarsi II with one seta ending in a point (Figs 5 H; 7 K; 9 F). Pretarsus bearing an anterior process with a spinous projection slightly longer than the claw and posterior lamellar process longer than the claw, with thickened and pleated basal part. Claw with two strongly pointed and subequal anterolateral and posterolateral teeth (Figs 5 I; 7 L; 9 G). Telson: two latero-dorsal penicilli of hooked trichomes joined side by side. Dorsal face of telson with a few barbate trichomes a, one oval-shaped group composed of barbate trichomes c and one barbate antero-internal trichome b (Fig. 6 D). Ventral face with a subrectilinear row of barbate trichomes (v: Fig. 6 C, E) located on edge of penicillus of hooked trichomes, usually with two to three hooks (Fig. 6 B).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752132977703F2BAF5FEFDFDA2.taxon	description	(Figs 4 - 6)	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752132977703F2BAF5FEFDFDA2.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Venezuela. LosTeges (Caracas), Meinert, 12. VI. 1891, 2 ad. ♀♀ (nos. 1 and 3), 1 ad. ♂ (no. 2) syntypes “ Cotypes ” (ZMUC).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752132977703F2BAF5FEFDFDA2.taxon	description	REVISED DESCRIPTION Coloration: white-yellowish, due to prolonged preservation in alcohol. Measurements: Body length (without caudal penicillus): syntypes females 3.90 and 4.00 mm; syntype male 3.60 mm. Caudal penicillus length 0.90 - 1.00 mm. Tarsus II of 13 th leg: female 176 µm, male 153 µm long. Head: Eight ocelli on each side. Vertex with one pair of posterior tufts consisting of two rows: anterior row with 15 or 16 trichomes, posterior row with 8 - 13 trichomes, last trichome in front of internal trichobothrium (Fig. 4 A). Distance between tufts small. Proportions of antennal articles as shown in Figure 4 B; length / diameter ratio of article VI = 1.6 - 2.0. Antennal article VI with 12 - 16 dorsal sensilla basiconica: two anterior (E: Fig. 4 E) thicker and shorter than the others (sometimes the first anterior longer than the second) (E: Fig. 4 D); one proximal sensillum coeloconicum c above third or fourth anterior sensillum basiconicum; one trifid setiform sensillum s between two short anterior sensilla E, but more basal (Fig. 4 D, E). Antennal article VII with two dorsal sensilla basiconica: posterior one shorter than anterior; one posterior sensillum coeloconicum and one trifid setiform sensillum between the two sensilla basiconica (Fig. 4 C). Three trichobothria of equal size, with cylindrical funiculi (Fig. 4 A). Entire surface of labrum with numerous, small, cuspidate papillae in addition to two or three anterior rows of spherical papillae (Fig. 5 A); 15 - 17 lamellar teeth on anterior margin. Clypeo-labrum with 12 or 13 setae along posterior margin. Outer palpus of gnathochilarium with 16 sensilla pseudoarticulated at apex and middle palpus with 20 (male: Fig. 5 B) or 21 sensilla (females), comprising 14 long pseudoarticulated sensilla and 7 short, nonarticulated sensilla at apex. Trunk: except on collum and tergite X, trichomes arranging in two lateral tufts with 15 - 36 trichomes connected by three uninterrupted trichomic rows (Fig. 11 C): anterior row with 13 - 21 trichomes (male), 17 - 23 and 19 - 35 (females) directed towards the head; middle row with 11 - 26 trichomes and sinuous posterior row with 25 - 48 trichomes directed towards telson (see Fig. 4 A). On some tergites the anterior and middle rows are slightly sinuous. No middle row on tergite IX except in female no. 3. Total number of tergal trichomes as follows: I (collum), 70 - 93; II to VIII, 84 - 153; IX and X, 58 - 99. Lateral protuberance of tergite I with 4 or 5 trichomes in a row (l. p: Fig. 4 A). Legs (Fig. 5 C): all articles of legs with sensory setae, except first tarsus. Coxa, trochanter and prefemur each bearing a seta with an oval base furnished with apical acute process (Fig. 5 F, G). Chaetotaxy as follows: coxae I with one seta, II- XIII with 2 to 5 setae (except 6 setae on left VI in one female and 1 seta on XIII in male); trochanters with 1 seta; in male, prefemora of legs I and XIII with 1 seta, those of legs II-XII with 1 seta and 1 or 2 small, trifid, aligned setae; in females, prefemur of leg I with 1 seta, those of legs II-XIII with 1 seta and 2 or 3 (4 and 1 in three cases) small, trifid or quadrifid aligned setae (Fig. 5 D); almost all femora and tibiae with same small seta as prefemur (Fig. 5 E). Second tarsus with a small seta as shown in Figure 5 H. Telotarsus bearing an anterior process with a spinous projection slightly longer than claw, two subequal latero-anterior and posterior spiniform processes; posterior lamellar process thickened and pleated basally (Fig. 5 I). Three or four setae above anal valve in females. Male: all areas of penis with cuticular setae and about 10 small, oval setae. Coxal glands on legs VIII and IX. Telson: 10 and 12 trichomes a (male: Fig. 6 D), 12 - 14 (females); one trichome b inner to group of 23 or 24 (male), 12 and 17 (female no. 1) trichomes c (Fig. 6 D). Ventral face with a subrectilinear row of 9 and 7 barbate trichomes v in male (Fig. 6 C), 5 - 7 in females paratypes located on edge of penicillus of hooked trichomes, usually with two hooks (Fig. 6 B).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752132977703F2BAF5FEFDFDA2.taxon	discussion	AFFINITIES Macroxenodes meinerti is very similar to M. bartschi (Chamberlin, 1923), which was redescribed by Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Condé (1984). The two species differ only in the number of sensilla on the outer expansions of the gnathochilarial palpi (16 in meinerti, versus 13 in M. bartschi) and the number of anterior rows of spherical papillae on the labrum (only in 3 meinerti, as opposed to 4 or 5 in M. bartschi).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E75213E9771039DB871FEEAFC3E.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E75213E9771039DB871FEEAFC3E.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Greater Antilles. Navassa Island, Clench coll., I. 1930., holotype ad. ♀ and paratype ad. ♀ very near to moulting, both mounted on slides (MNHN).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E75213E9771039DB871FEEAFC3E.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The name refers to the island where the type specimens were collected.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E75213E9771039DB871FEEAFC3E.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION OF FEMALE ADULTS Measurements: body length (without caudal penicillus): 3.10 mm (holotype) and 3.50 mm (paratype). Tarsus II length of 13 th leg: 143 µm (holotype) and 146 µm (paratype). Head: Eight ocelli on each side. Vertex with one pair of posterior tufts, consisting of two rows: anterior row with 13 - 18, posterior row with 8 or 9 trichomes, the last in front of internal trichobothrium (Fig. 7 E); the insertions of two last trichomes of posterior row are oriented perpendicularly to others (Fig. 7 E). The distance between tufts is small. Proportions of antennal articles as shown in Figure 7 A; length of article VI about twice its diameter. Antennal article VI with two groups of dorsal and postero-ventral sensilla: dorsal group composed of three thick sensilla basiconica: anterior a, intermediate i and posterior p (i being shorter than a and p), one posterior sensillum coeloconicum c and one trifid setiform sensillum s between a and i (Fig. 7 C, D); postero-ventral group composed of two similar, thick sensilla basiconica, shorter than a and p. Antennal article VII with two subequal, thick, dorsal sensilla basiconica, one posterior sensillum coeloconicum and one trifid setiform sensillum between the two sensilla basiconica (Fig. 7 B). Three trichobothria of equal size, with cylindrical funiculi (Fig. 7 E). Labrum clothed with numerous small cuspidate papillae in addition to three rows (four towards lateral side) of spherical papillae (Fig. 7 F). 6 + 6 (holotype) and 8 + 8 (Fig. 7 F) lamellar teeth on anterior margin. Clypeo-labrum with 13 and 14 setae along posterior margin. In holotype, lateral expansions of gnathochilarium with 14 and 15 sensilla pseudoarticulated at apex (Fig. 7 G) and middle palpus with 21 sensilla, comprising 12 long, pseudoarticulated sensilla and 9 short sensilla not articulated at apex; gnathochilarial sensilla cannot be counted in paratype. Trunk: trichomes are lacking; however, their orientation can be estimed thanks to their insertion. Except on collum and tergites IX and X, trichomes arranged in two lateral tufts with 16 - 33 trichomes connected by three trichomic rows: anterior row with 19 - 40 trichomes directed towards head; middle row with 7 - 21 trichomes and a sinuous posterior row with 42 - 74 trichomes directed towards telson; anterior and posterior rows uninterrupted. On some tergites the anterior and middle rows are slightly sinuous. Total number of tergal trichomes as follows: I (collum), 103 (holotype) or 123; II to VIII, 109 or 178; IX and X, 85 or 76. Lateral protuberance of tergite I with 5 (holotype) or 6 trichomes in a row. Legs: all articles of legs bearing sensory setae, first tarsus excepted. Setae on coxa, trochanter and prefemur with an oval base, provided with an apical process (Fig. 7 J). Chaetotaxy as follows: coxae II to XII with 2 setae (1 seta in six cases, 3 setae in one case); trochanters with 1 seta; prefemora leg I to XIII with 1 seta and 1 or 2 small, trifid setae (Fig. 7 H, I); almost all femora and tibiae with same small seta as prefemur. Second tarsus with a small seta as shown in Figure 7 K. Telotarsus bearing an anterior process with a spinous projection longer than claw, two subequal latero-anterior and posterior spiniform processes; posterior lamellar process thickened and basally pleated (Fig. 7 L). Four setae above the anal valve in paratype. Telson: dorsal face of telson with 13 - 16 barbate trichomes a; one trichome b inner to group of 19 trichomes c observed in paratype. Ventral face with a subrectilinear row of 14 + 14 barbate trichomes v in holotype and 13 + 15 in paratype (Fig. 6 E), located on the edge of the insertions of fallen hooked trichomes.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E75213E9771039DB871FEEAFC3E.taxon	discussion	AFFINITIES This species is close to Macroxenodes amazonicus Ishii, Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Condé, 1999. However, there are significant differences between them. The postero-ventral group of antennal sensilla of article VI has only two sensilla, as opposed to 4 - 7 in M. amazonicus. Th ere are three anterior rows of spherical papillae on the labrum, whereas in M. amazonicus there are only two. The new species has 15 sensilla at most on the lateral palp expansion, compared to 21 - 23 in M. amazonicus. The median interruption of the anterior trichomic row of the tergites of M. amazonicus is not present in the new species.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752138977003B3B9F2FCF5FA35.taxon	description	(Figs 8; 9)	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752138977003B3B9F2FCF5FA35.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Brazil. Minas Gerais, Uberlândia, Estação Ecologica do Panga, Mata de cerrado, 19 ° 10 ’ 59.62 ” S, 48 ° 24 ’ 4.30 ” W, altitude 830 m, 28. XI. 2005, R. Pacheco do Nascimento and B. Jahyny coll., 2 ad. ♀♀ anaesthetized in a nest (cavity in soil near surface) of Thaumatomyrmex mutilatus Mayr, 1887 (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, a specialized predator of Penicillata): ♀ holotype of which the head is mounted on 2 slides, the trunk being in alcohol (MZUSP); 1 ♀ paratype mounted on 3 slides (MNHN). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Brazil. Sao Paulo, Rio Claro-UNESP, litter (termite mound), X. 2003, B. Jahyny col., 1 ad. ♀ (MNHN). — Uberlândia, 1 ♀ from the same nest as holotype and paratype (MNHN). Argentina. Diamante, près de l’Institut, 1. XII. 1997, N. Fernandez coll., leg. Y. Coineau, 1 ad. ♀ (MNHN). ETYMOLOGY. — Th is species is named after one of its collectors, B. Jahyny. DESCRIPTION Coloration: brownish, darker on lateral sides of tergites; many trichomes dark brown. Measurements: body length (without caudal penicillus) 3.90 (holotype) and 4.70 mm (paratype), 4.50 mm in female from Rio Claro, 5 mm in female from Diamante; caudal penicillus length 1.10 mm; head-trichomes length 0.30 mm. Tergites V and VI width 1.40 mm. Tarsus II of 13 th leg 224 µm long in paratype, 192 µm in female from Rio Claro, 180 µm in female from Diamante. Head: eight ocelli on each side. Vertex with one pair of posterior tufts consisting of two rows: anterior sinuous row with 17 - 22 (left row with 24 in female Rio Claro), posterior row with 6 - 8 trichomes, the latter in front of internal trichobothrium. Distance between tufts equal to half a rowlength. Proportions of antennal articles as shown in Figure 9 A; article VI 1.25 - 1.5 times as long as wide. Antennal article VI with three rows of sensilla (see Fig. 9 C): anterior part of distal row with 2 shorter and thicker basiconica sensilla E, a trifid setiform sensillum s between and below the thick sensilla and one sensillum coelonicum c posterior to E; the other sensilla basiconica generally longer and thinner: 18 on the left antenna (Fig. 9 C) and 19 on the right antenna in holotype; 19 and 21 in paratype; 15 and 17 in female from Rio Claro; 14 and 15 in female from Diamante. Antennal article VII with two subequal, thick, dorsal sensilla basiconica, one posterior sensillum coeloconicum c and one trifid setiform sensillum s between the two sensilla basiconica (Fig. 9 B). Three trichobothria of equal size. Labrum clothed with numerous small cuspidate papillae in addition to three rows of spherical papillae (Fig. 9 D); 8 + 8 lamellar teeth on anterior margin. Clypeo-labrum with 14 setae along posterior margin. Lateral expansions of gnathochilarium 4 times as long as the diameter of middle palp, with 27 or 28 sensilla pseudoarticulated at apex (22 and 25 in female from Diamante), middle palpus with 21 sensilla, comprising in holotype 14 long pseudoarticulated sensilla and 7 short sensilla nonarticulated at apex (Fig. 9 E). Trunk: observed only in paratype. Except on collum and tergites IX and X, trichomes arranged in two lateral tufts of 20 - 30 trichomes connected by three trichomic rows: anterior row with 18 - 27 trichomes directed towards the head, middle row with 10 - 14 trichomes and uninterrupted, sinuous, posterior row with 27 - 39 trichomes directed towards telson; on some tergites, anterior row slightly. Tergites IX and X with only anterior and posterior rows. Anterior row and middle row interrupted in the middle, trichomes of anterior row closer together than those of middle row. Collum with two lateral tufts of 35 trichomes, anterior row of 10 trichomes, middle row of six trichomes, posterior row of 26; lateral protuberance of tergite I with 5 (right) and 7 (left) trichomes in a row. Legs: in paratype, all articles of the legs bear sensory setae, except first tarsus. Setae on coxa, trochanter and prefemur with an oval base, provided with an acute apical process. Chaetotaxy: coxa I, 1 seta; coxae II to XII, 2 setae (3 setae in four cases); trochanters, 1 seta; prefemora of legs I to XIII, 1 seta and 1 - 3 (generally 2) small, trifid setae (Fig. 9 H); almost all femora and tibiae with same small seta as prefemur. Second tarsus with a small seta as shown in Figure 9 F. Telotarsus bearing an anterior process with a spinous projection longer than claw, two subequal latero-anterior and posterior spiniform processes; posterior lamellar process thickened and basally pleated (Fig. 9 G). Five setae above the anal valve observed in paratype (3 right + 2 left). Telson: characteristic of the subfamily. Dorsal face of telson with 13 + 13 trichomes a. Trichomes of caudal penicillus with 2 or 3 hooks. REMARKS The left antenna of the adult female from Rio Claro is regenerated, with 19 sensilla basiconica and left lateral expansion of gnathochilarium shorter and deformed; right antennal article VI with 17 sensilla on two rows; right lateral expansion of gnathochilarium with 17 sensilla. AFFINITIES This species is near to Macroxenodes bartschi (Chamberlin, 1922), as redescribed by Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin & Condé (1984). The antennal sensilla of article VI are more numerous in the new species, always including two shorter and thicker sensilla basiconica on anterior part of the distal row; these two sensilla are not always present in M. bartschi, sometimes there is only one shorter (Fig. 9 I). The lateral palp expansion of the gnathochilarium is longer in M. jahynyi n. sp., with a maximum 28 sensilla, as opposed to 13 in bartschi. There are only 3 anterior rows of spherical papillae on the labrum, whereas M. bartschi has 4 or 5 rows. The two new species M. navassaensis n. sp. and M. jahynyi n. sp. are the fifth and sixth species included in genus Macroxenodes. The others are meinerti, the type species, from Venezuela (Caracas); M. bartschi from the Florida Keys; M. poecilus (Chamberlin, 1923), redescribed by Condé & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin (1987), from Santa Inez Island, Gulf of California; and M. amazonicus (Ishii et al. 1999) from Brazil, Amazonas, Ilha de Marchantaria and environs of Manaus.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752139977201BFBFE9FBB8FE23.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIES. — Polyxenus rubromarginatus Lucas, 1846. SPECIES INCLUDED. — Macroxenus rubromarginatus; M. caingangensis (Schubart, 1944); M. enghoffi Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1996.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752139977201BFBFE9FBB8FE23.taxon	discussion	REMARKS This genus was created by Brölemann (1917) for the type species Polyxenus rubromarginatus Lucas, 1846 from Algeria (environs of Oran). Brölemann (1917) redescribed this species from material collected at Blida (alt. 1500 m).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752139977201BFBFE9FBB8FE23.taxon	description	— 1 dorsal group with 13 or more sensilla basiconica on antennal article VI ... M. enghoffi 2. Antennal sensilla basiconica thick and short .................................. M. rubromarginatus — Antennal sensilla basiconica thin and long ......................................... M. caingangensis	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E75213B977203D8BBF4FB58FD82.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Brazil. Oriental part of plateau de São Paulo, Mun. Pirassununga, Mogi-guassú, Sta. Rita, Pôrto Ferreira, syntypes (number of syntypes not mentionned in the original description) (Musée de Zoologie de São Paulo; after Condé 1971). This species has been redescribed by Condé & Massoud (1974) based on the following material: Brazil. Rio de Janeiro Prov., Restinga de Jacarapagua, 2 ad. ♂, 5 ad. ♀♀, 1 juvenile with 10 pairs of legs.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E75213B977203D8BBF4FB58FD82.taxon	discussion	The species M. rubromarginatus, from North Africa, and M. caingangensis, from South America, are very similar. The following material was examined to determine the morphological characters allowing their separation.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E75213B977203D8BBF4FB58FD82.taxon	materials_examined	MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Macroxenus rubromarginatus: Maroc, Ifrane (alt. 1650 m), 2 ad. ♂♂ (MNHN) (Condé 1954). New material: Malte. Gozo, Kantura, 15. II. 1992, leg. D. Mifsud, 1 ad. ♂ (ZMUC). — Portugal, Praia de Lourenço, Val de Parra, west of Albufeira, Algarve, coastal cliffs, 29. V. 2004, A. P. Fowles coll., D. Kime leg., 1 ad. ♀ (MNHN). Macroxenus caingangensi s: Brazil. Rio Janeiro Province, Restinga de Jacarapagua, 13. V. 1959, 1 ad. ♀, 1 ad. ♂ (MNHN). New material: Brazil. Serra of triunfo, Nova Olinda, Cearà, 25. I. 2004, P. Selden leg., 1 ad. ♀, 1 ad. ♂ (MNHN). Venezuela. Carácas, Rio Naùacho, 13. VII. 1891, Meinert, 1 ♀ with 12 pl. (MNHN).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E75213B977203D8BBF4FB58FD82.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Macroxenus rubromarginatus and M. caingangensis are very similar. Nevertheless, they differ in the shape of the antennal basiconica sensilla (Fig. 10): these sensilla are thicker in M. rubromarginatus (Fig. 10 A-E) than in M. caingangensis (Fig. 10 F-H), i. e. the ratio length / diameter is higher in M. caingangensis.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752124976D03B2BEFCFD57F9B1.taxon	description	NEW MATERIAL. — Namibia. NW Keetmannshoop (different pitfall traps), Distr. Gellap Ost, 17 - 25. II. 2002, leg. A. Hoffmann, 1 ad. ♀ (MNHN). — 4 - 8. IV. 2002, leg. Schultz, 1 ad. ♀ (MNHN). — Dist. Nabaos, 4 - 8. IV. 2002, leg. M. Uhlig, 12 ad. ♂♂ and ♀♀ (MNHN).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752124976D03B2BEFCFD57F9B1.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — Namibia: Hamilton range, NW Gobabeb, Mirabib Rock and NW Keetmannshoop; Angola.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752124976C03D9BC14FE38FA74.taxon	materials_examined	NEW MATERIAL. — South AFrica. Mahlakura pan (N. 28), on the eastern boundary of Kruger National Park, 24. XI. 63, leg. L. F. Lawrence, 1 adult ♀ (MNHN).	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752124976C03D9BC14FE38FA74.taxon	distribution	DISTRIBUTION. — South Africa: Cape province, Prince Albert; Kruger National Park.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
03AC1E752124976C03D9BC14FE38FA74.taxon	discussion	REMARK The adult female A. schultzei, mentioned under New material was recently identified by the author: 5.30 mm in length (head trichomes and caudal penicillus included); tarsus II of 13 th leg of 138 µm; with 14 and 15 sensilla on outer palpi of gnathochilarium. AFFINITIES Contrary to the statement by Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin (2003: 86), the setiform sensillum of antennal article VI has the same position in both species, i. e. between the two anterior sensilla basiconica.	en	Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen (2009): Revision of the genera of Polyxenidae bearing pseudoarticulated gnathochilarial sensilla (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Polyxenidae), with the description of two new species. Zoosystema 31 (4): 829-848, DOI: 10.5252/z2009n4a5, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5252/z2009n4a5
