identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AC87C2474FFF91FD632E5A08D7F2B9.text	03AC87C2474FFF91FD632E5A08D7F2B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetocarpus gabonensis Breteler 2002	<div><p>Chaetocarpus gabonensis Breteler, sp. nov.</p> <p>Chaetocarpo africano Pax affinis sed stipulis majoribus basi latiore, sepalis interioribus staminibusque floris masculi plus numerosis, disco floris feminei profunde lobato et parietibus fructus crassioribus differt.</p> <p>TYPUS. — F.J. &amp; B.J.M. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=11.166667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 11.166667/lat -0.05)">Breteler</a> 15570, Gabon, Moyen-Ogooué, 77 km La Lopé - Ndjolé road, ± 0°03’S, 11°10’E, 8 Aug. 2000, fr. (holo-, WAG; iso-, A, B, BR, E, FI, G, K, LBV, MA, MO, NY, P, PRE, S, US).</p> <p>Shrub or tree up to at least 25 m tall and 30 cm d.b.h. Branches pubescent, appressedly so or not to ± velutinous, glabrescent. Stipules foliaceous, ± appressed, rather long persistent, narrowly ovate to subobovate-elliptic, usually slightly falcate, (6-) 8- 12(-15) × (2-)3.5(-6) mm, 1-2.5 mm wide at base, rounded to acute at apex, appressed-pubescent outside, inside sparsely so to almost glabrous. Leaves: petiole subterete, (2-)3-5(-7) mm long, pubescent, appressedly so or not, glabrescent; lamina subcoriaceous, elliptic to oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, (2-)2.5-3 times as long as wide, (6-) 10-15(-20) × (2-)4-7(-8) cm, rounded to slightly cuneate at base, acuminate at apex, the acumen mostly acute, 0.5- 1.5(-2) cm long; midrib slightly prominent above, distinctly so beneath, the (6 -) 9-11(-13) pairs of main lateral nerves ± parallel, plane to very slightly raised above, prominent beneath; appressed-pubescent on both surfaces when young, more densely so beneath, rather soon glabrescent, more rapidly so above. Flowers axillary, fasciculate; basal bracts minute, concave, suborbicular, pubescent. Pedicel pubescent, up to 2 mm long and articulate in male flowers, up to 1.5 mm in female flowers, up to 3 mm long in fruit. Male flower: sepals 6-7 (see note), spreading, outer two opposite, cuculate, suborbicular, ±1.5 mm in diam.; inner 4 sepals slightly concave, ± elliptic, 2.5-3 × 1.5- 2 mm, sparsely pubescent outside and with ciliate margin, glabrous inside, a fifth, smaller, more petaloid and glabrous inner sepal may be present. Stamens (12-)13(-14); filaments slender, variously united into an up to 3 mm long, pubescent column; free part of filaments ± 2 mm long, pubescent; anthers c. 0.7 mm long; pistillode rudimentary, pubescent. Disc glands narrowly ellipsoid, c. 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Femelle flower: calyx more or less as in male flowers; ovary subglobose, 1-2 mm long, sessile; styles bifid, shortly united at base, ± 3 mm long; disc ± 0.7 mm long, deeply and narrowly lobed, glabrous. Fruit capsular, slightly depressedsubglobose, 8-9 mm in diam., tuberculate, the tubercles pyramidal, crowned by a needle-like hair of c. 1 mm long; valves woody, 2-2.5 mm thick. Seeds black, glossy, sublenticular, ± 4 × 2 mm. — Figs. 1-3.</p> <p>HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION. — Gallery forest, forest edge in forest-savannah mosaic in Central Gabon North of Ogooué River and West of Ngounié River.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — GABON: Aubréville 65, région de Ndjolé, 1 Sep. 1945, fr. (P); Breteler &amp; Jongkind 10523, 5- 15 km NNW of Ndjolé, 16 Nov. 1991, ster. (LBV, WAG); Breteler et al. 10995, 5- 30 km NW of Ndjolé, 22 Apr. 1992, ster. (WAG); Breteler et al. 13026, 27 Sep. 1994, Ƌ fl.b. (LBV, MO, P, WAG); Breteler 13485, 8 km N of Ndjolé, 15 Mar. 1996, ster. (LBV, MO, P, WAG); Breteler 14329, 28 Apr. 1998, ster. (K, LBV, MO, WAG); F. J. &amp; B. J.M. Breteler 15571, 77 km La Lopé-Ndjolé, 8 Aug. 2000, Ƌ fl. (BR, G, K, LBV, MO, P, WAG); N. Hallé 2070, Lac Ezanga, 29 May 1963, Ƌ fl.b. (P); Louis et al. 832, Kongo Boumba-Ayem road, 11 Nov. 1983, fr. (BR, K, LBV, MA, MO, P, PRE, WAG).</p> <p>The two African species of Chaetocarpus may be distinguished as follows:</p> <p>Stipules (6-)8-12(-15) × (2-)3-5(-6) mm with 1-2.5 mm broad base, sparsely pubescent to ± glabrous inside; leaves (sub)coriaceous, (6-)10-15(-20) × (2-)4-7(-8) cm with (6-)9-11(-13) pairs of main lateral nerves; male flower with 4(-5) inner sepals and with (12-)13(-14) stamens; disc in female flower deeply and narrowly lobed; fruit depressed-subglobose, 8-9 mm in diam., wall 2-2.5 mm thick............................................ C. gabonensis Stipules 3-9 × (0.3-)0.5-1.2(-3) mm, constricted to a ≥ 0.5 mm wide base, usually appressed-pubescent inside; leaves ± papyraceous, 5-10(-15) × (1.5-)2-4(-7) cm, with (5-)6 -8(-10) pairs of main lateral nerves; male flower with 2-3(-4) inner sepals and with 8-10(-12) stamens; disc in female flower with undulate margin; fruit ellipsoidobovoid, 7-10 × 6-7 mm, wall 1-1.5 mm thick.............................................................................. C. africanus</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC87C2474FFF91FD632E5A08D7F2B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Breteler, F. J.	Breteler, F. J. (2002): Novitates Gabonenses 46. A new Chaetocarpus (Euphorbiaceae) from Gabon. Adansonia (3) 24 (2): 221-227, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5180759
03AC87C2474EFF96FF3E2EFC0E41F5C7.text	03AC87C2474EFF96FF3E2EFC0E41F5C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetocarpus africanus Pax	<div><p>Chaetocarpus africanus Pax</p> <p>In Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 113 (1894).— Types: Pogge 112, 1384, 1388, Congo (Kinshasa), Mussamba (no 112) and Mukenge (no 1384, 1388) (syn-, B, delet.); neotype (designated here): Lisowski 66707, Congo (Kinshasa), Kasai, near Kanango, fr., fl.b. Nov. 1981 (holo-, BR; iso-, WAG), see note.— Figs. 1, 3, 4.</p> <p>SPECIMENS EXAMINED (selection). — ANGOLA: Cavaco 1267, Lunda, fl. Oct.-Dec. (P, WAG); Exell &amp; Mendonça 736, Lunda, fr. Apr. (BM); Gossweiler</p> <p>Breteler F.J.</p> <p>10577, Sacandica, fr. Dec. (BM); Gossweiler 11565, Lunda, fr. Apr. (K); Gossweiler 13675, Dundo, fl. Oct. (BM, K, P); Gossweiler 13885, Dundo, fl. Nov. (BM, K, P); Gossweiler 14056 B, Dundo, fl. Mar. (BM, K, P); Gossweiler 14056 C, Dundo, fr. (BM); Lynes 340, Missão, fl. Dec. (BR); Milne-Redhead 4242, Moxico, fr. Jan. (BM, BR, K); Raimundo et al. 897, Huambo, fl. Aug. (BR); Soares in Cavaco 52, Dundo, fl. Dec. (P). — CONGO (Brazzaville): Charvet 123, Brazzaville, fr. Feb. (P); Chevalier 4041, Brazzaville, fr. July (P); Chevalier 5022, between Nigoua and Ngantchou, fl. Aug. (P); J. de Brazza 179, piste du Dielé, fr. Oct.-Nov. (P, WAG); de Neré 430, Boko, fr. Aug. (P); Deschamps 13066, Kouilou, fr. June (BR); Descoings 7056, Gaboma, fl.b. June (P); Descoings 7468, Makoua, ster. June (P); Descoings 9631, 20 km Brazzaville-Foulakari, fl. Feb. (P); Descoings 9831, falaises de Douvres, fr. Nov. (P); Dowsett-Lemaire 1403, Tchissanga, fl. Dec. (BR); Farron 4031, Moutampa, ster. Mar. (P); Koechlin 5634, Hinda, ster. Dec. (P); Sita 440, forêt de la Patte d’Oie, fr. Oct. (P, WAG); Thollon 513, Brazzaville, fr. Nov. (P, WAG); Thollon 1281, Loango, fl. Oct. (P); Vermoesen 2440, Ngandu-Sedek, fr. June (BR, K, P, WAG). — CONGO (Kinshasa): Bamps &amp; Malaisse 8195, Kyamascumba- Kolwezi, fr. Jan. (BR, K); Bequaert 826, Kinshasa, fr. Oct. (BR, P); Breyne 103, Kimuenza, fr. Mar. (BR, WAG); Breyne 4061, Wombe, fl.b. Dec. (BR); Callens 1899, Dembo, fr. Nov. (BR); Callens 1964bis, Mpese, fl. Dec. (BR); Claessens 294, Kole, fr. (BR); Claessens 328, Katako Kombe, fr. Jan. (BR); Claessens s.n., Boma, fr. (BR, P); Compère 1359, Kimaza, fl. Jan. (BR); Dechamps 10, Kakenge, fr. Feb. (BR, K); Delvaux 63, Masondoye, ster. Feb. (BR); Desenfans 1813, Sapeza, fr. Feb. (BR); Devred 582, Mvuazi, fr. July (BR, WAG); Devred 2077, Tono-Feshi-Kwango, fr. June (BR, K, WAG); Dumont 128, Mikope, fl., fr. May (BR); Dumont 222, Ilebo, fl. May (BR, K, WAG); Evrard 4623, Nkinki-Pomandjoku, fr. Aug. (BR, WAG); Evrard 4655, piste Yongo-Yenge, fr. Aug. (BR, K); Flamigni 6174, Nioki, fr. Feb. (BR); Flamigni 6397, Bokebene, fl. Oct. (BR); Galliez 179, Elundu, fr. Dec. (BR, K); Germain 7627, Katako Kombe, fr. June (BR, K); Germain 7946, Mwene Ditu, fl.b. July (BR, K); Gilbert 14582, Ipeke, fl. July (BR, K, WAG); Gillardin 215, Bilala, ster. Feb. (BR); Huart 80, Malondo, ster. June (BR); Jans 809, Bokoro, fl. Oct. (BR, WAG); Jespersen s.n., Watsi, fl.b. Nov. (BR); E. &amp; M. Laurent s.n., Kapinga, fr. Nov. (BR); Lebrun 6090, between Kindu and Katako Kombe, fl. July (BR, K); Lebrun 6721, between Mushie and Bolobo, fl. Dec. (BR, K); Lebrun 6757 Bolobo, fl.b. Dec. (BR, WAG); Lejoly 82/896, Bankana, fl. Dec. (BR); A. Léonard 5500, Kitoko, fl.b. Aug. (BR); Liben 1763, Badibanga, fr. Oct. (BR): Liben 1956, Miabi, fl.b. Nov. (BR); Liben 2195, Tshondo, fr. Jan. (BR); Lisowski 66707, Kananga, fr. Nov. (BR, WAG), neotype; Nelis s.n., Bokala, fr. June (BR); Pauwels 274, Kimvulu, fr. Oct. (BR); Sapin s.n., Tshibangu, fr. Jan. (BR); Schlechter 12554, Stanley Pool, fl.b. June (BM, BR, K, P, WAG); Schmitz 2649, Dilolo, fr. Jan. (BR); Toka 59, Lukolela, ster. May (BR); Vanderyst 3094, Kikwit, fl. Jan. (BR); Vanderyst 5533, Sanda, fl. June (BR); Vanderyst 8578, Ipamu, fr. Jan. (BR); Vanderyst 10157, Mpio-Mpio, fr. Aug. (BR); Vanderyst 11175, Kamtsha, ster. Nov. (BR, K); Vanderyst 16365, Mbau, fl. (BR); Wagemans 1441, Boma-Banana, fr. Oct. (BR, K); Wellens 249, Kizu, fl. Mar. (BR). — GABON: Breteler 6235, km 6 Moanda- Franceville, fr. Sep. (BR, C, K, LBV, MO, P, PRE, SRGH, WAG); Breteler 6328, km 5 Moanda- Franceville, fl. Sep. (AAU, B, BR, C, K, LBV, MA, MO, P, PRE, SRGH, WAG); Breteler &amp; Jongkind 10709, 30 km E of Lastoursville, fr. Nov. (K, LBV, MO, P, PRE, WAG); F. J. &amp; B. J. M. Breteler 12394, 70 km E of Lastoursville, fr. Nov. (G, K, LBV, MA, MO, P, PRE, WAG); F. J. &amp; B. J. M. Breteler 12444, 10 km Moanda-Franceville, fl. Dec. (BR, G, K, LBV, MA, MO, P, PRE, WAG); F. J. &amp; B. J. M. Breteler 12447, 15 km Moanda-Franceville, fr. Dec. (G, K, LBV, MO, P, PRE, WAG); F. J. &amp; B. J. M. Breteler 12480, near Bakoumba, fl. Dec. (BR, K, LBV, MA, MO, P, WAG); Breteler 15826, Ndambi, fl. Apr. (WAG); J. J. de Wilde et al. 9920, 7 km SE of Franceville, fr. Dec. (BR, G, K, LBV, MA, MO, P, PRE, WAG); J. J. de Wilde et al. 9965, 37 km E of Franceville, fl. Dec. (K, LBV, MO, P, WAG); J. J. de Wilde et al. 9970, 37 km E of Franceville, fr. Dec. (LBV, MA, MO, P, WAG); Dibata 1109, SSE of Moanda, fr. Aug. (WAG); Le Testu 7127, Lastoursville, fl. Apr. (P, WAG); Le Testu 7847, Lastoursville, fl. Jan. (BR, P); Le Testu 7931, Lastoursville, fl. Feb. (BR, P); Le Testu 8539, Lastoursville, fl. Nov. (BR, P, WAG); A. M. Louis 1644, km 8 Moanda-Mounana, fr. Nov. (WAG); A. M. Louis 3102, 60 km Franceville-Leconi, fl. June</p> <p>(LBV); L. White 1319, Lopé-Okanda Res., fr. Jan. (WAG); L. White 1338, Lopé-Okanda Res., fr. Feb. (LBV). — ZAMBIA: Angus 510A, Kalene Mission, fl.b. Sep. (K); Mutimushi 3154, Chinyazzi R., fl. May (P); Mutimushi 3156, Mwinilunga, fr. May (K); Richards 16961, Mujileshi R., fr. Nov. (K); Robinson 5946, 6 km N of Kalene Hill, fr. Dec. (K); Robinson 5951, 6 km N of Kalene Hill, fl. Dec. (K); F. White 3322, N of Kalene Hill Mission, ster. Sep. (K).</p> <p>NOTES. — The three syntypes on which PAX based his Chaetocarpus africanus were lost at Berlin. Duplicate material has not been found, neither at BR nor at K or P. The neotype designated originates from the same area where Pogge collected the numbers 1384 and 1388.</p> <p>The number of sepals in Chaetocarpus is very variable. This variation not only pertains to the differences between male and female flowers of the same species, but is also related to the continent from where the material originates. Based on the number of sepals and continental origin PAX &amp; HOFFMANN (1912) subdivided the genus into three sections, one for the Asiatic species with 4 sepals, one for the American species with 5 sepals, and one for the single African species with 4 sepals in the male and 6-8 in the female flower. Although there is also variation in sepal number in Asia (see below) and America, the greatest variation and the highest number of sepals (9) is found in Africa. VAN WELZEN (1994) considered the, sometimes present, fifth and (rarely) sixth inner sepal in the Asian species to be petal remnants. These inner perianth elements, however, only show a small difference in shape and texture when compared to the most inner of the outer sepals, quite unlike the differences seen between sepals and petals in the related genus Trigonopleura (WEBSTER 1994). If VAN WELZEN is followed, the female flower of C. rabaraba Capuron from Madagascar with 9 perianth elements, and of C. africanus and C. gabonensis with 6-8 elements would have to be described as ‘‘petals present’’. In these flowers, however, there is no difference between the perianth elements that justifies a subdivision into sepals and petals. In the two continental African species of Chaetocarpus, however, there is a marked difference between the outer two sepals and the other ones, so that LÉONARD (1962) described this phe- nomenon as ‘‘sépales bisériés, inégaux’’. These outer two sepals are considerably smaller (see Fig. 1D and LÉONARD 1962, fig. 8A) and look like two bracteoles. This distinction is not seen in the calyx of the Asian and American species, with 4, respectively with 5 sepals. Are the outer two sepals in these extra-african species homologous with the two bracteole-like sepals in Africa? I suppose so. If these are true bracteoles as well, the Chaetocarpus calyx has undergone a considerable reduction in the number of sepals. The higher number of sepals in the female elements of C. africanu s and C. gabonensis may indicate a slower process of sepal loss than is observed in the male elements of the same species. The presence of a fifth and a sixth sepal in Chaetocarpus castanocarpus (Roxb.) Thwaites has then little to do with the loss of petals, but with that of sepals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AC87C2474EFF96FF3E2EFC0E41F5C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Breteler, F. J.	Breteler, F. J. (2002): Novitates Gabonenses 46. A new Chaetocarpus (Euphorbiaceae) from Gabon. Adansonia (3) 24 (2): 221-227, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5180759
