taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AC878BF171FF837895F9B7FA82F85B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other genera of the Plesiolebiasini in possessing dark brown flanks, with oblique rows of golden spots in males (vs. never a similar color pattern). Pituna may also be distinguished by the following combination of characters: body squamation extending onto anterior 40 – 50 % of caudal fin in males (vs. 25 – 30 %), pectoral-fin rays 14 – 15 (vs. 11 – 13), caudal fin dark brown in males (vs. caudal fin never darkly colored in males), humeral spot metallic blue in males (vs. humeral spot absent), dorsal-fin rays 8 – 11 (vs. 11 – 13), anal-fin rays 13 – 16 (vs. 17 – 20), pelvic-fin rays 7 (vs. 8 – 9), dorsal and anal fins pointed in males (vs. rounded); distal portion of dorsal fin red in males (vs. not distinctively colored).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF171FF837895F9B7FA82F85B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Xingu, Araguaia, Tocantins, Paranaiba, and Paraná river basins, Brazil (Fig. 1).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF177FF887895FF25FCB8FC43.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: UFRJ 6427 (male, 24.2 mm SL); Brazil: Estado de Goiás: Goiânia, rio Meia Ponte floodplains, rio Paranaíba drainage, rio Paraná basin, 16 ° 38 ’ 29.8 ” S, 49 ° 15 ’ 28.4 ” W, altitude about 750 m; F. O. Pereira, R. S. Roque & L. A. Costa Filho, 22 June 2006. Paratypes: Brazil: Estado de Goiás. UFRJ 6428 (3 males, 17.5 – 21.5 mm SL; 3 females, 21.4 – 27.6 mm SL); UFRJ 6429 (2 males, 20.7 – 26.2 mm SL; 3 females, 23.0 – 25.3 mm SL) (c & s); MCP 40496 (1 male, 21.1 mm SL; 1 female, 21.4 mm SL); all paraypes collected with holotype.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF177FF887895FF25FCB8FC43.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pituna brevirostrata is distinguished from all congeners by the following unique features: 23 – 24 scales in longitudinal series (vs. 25 – 29), pectoral fin without dark marks (vs. with vertical rows of small dark gray spots or dark gray bars in males), frontal squamation D-patterned (vs. F-patterned), anterior section of supraorbital series of neuromasts interrupted (vs. continuous) and 25 vertebrae (vs. 27 – 29). (continued). (continued).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF177FF887895FF25FCB8FC43.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Largest male examined 26.2 mm SL; largest female examined 27.6 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight to slightly concave on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile gently convex from lower jaw to anal-fin origin, nearly straight along caudal peduncle. Body slender, subcylindrical, slightly deeper than wide, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout blunt. Dorsal and anal fins pointed in both sexes, longer and often with filamentous tip reaching to vertical through base of caudal fin in males. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fin rounded, its posterior margin reaching vertical between pelvic-fin base and anus in males, through pelvic-fin base in females. Pelvic fin short, slightly pointed in males, elliptical in females; tip of pelvic fin reaching between base of 1 st to 4 th anal-fin rays in males, and between urogenital papilla and base of 1 st anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin at vertical through base of 8 th or 9 th anal-fin rays, between neural spines of vertebrae 14 and 15. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 11 and 13. Dorsal-fin rays 10 – 11; analfin rays 14 – 16; caudal-fin rays 24 – 25; pectoral-fin rays 15; pelvic-fin rays 7. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except on anteroventral surface of head. No scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Scales extending onto anterior 40 % of caudal fin. Frontal squamation D-patterned, frontal scales circularly arranged around A-scale without free margins; E-scales not overlapping; row of scales anterior to H-scale; supraorbital scales 6. Longitudinal series of scales 23 – 24; transverse series of scales 7; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Three contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of flank and opercular region. No contact organs on fin rays. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 1 – 2 + 3 – 4 + 4 – 5, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 10 – 15 + 1, preorbital 4, otic 1, post-otic 1, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 2, preopercular 8 – 10, mandibular 7, lateral mandibular 4 – 5, paramandibular 1. One neuromast per scale of lateral line. Two to four neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal subtriangular, greatest width about 60 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 25 % of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth 2. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 7. Vomerine teeth 2. Dermosphenotic present. Ventral process of posttemporal absent. Total vertebrae 25. Coloration. Males. Sides of body dark brown to purplish brown, with oblique rows of small metallic blue to golden spots; dark metallic blue blotch on humeral region. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Sides of head dark brown, opercle pale golden; dark gray to black infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light gray bar. Jaws pink. Iris yellowish brown, with black bar through center of eye. Exposed part of branchiostegal membranes dark gray. Dorsal fin golden, with 4 – 5 dark brown narrow bars on basal and posterior portion of fin; distal portion of median rays red. Anal fin dark brown, basal portion black, with row of 5 – 6 white to yellow vertically elongated spots along fin base and posterior margin; transverse rows of pale blue or pale yellow spots on subdistal region. Caudal fin dark gray, with transverse rows of small blue spots, often fused to form bars. Pectoral fins light reddish hyaline. Pelvic fins dark gray, with pale yellow spots. Females. Sides of head and trunk light gray, sometimes with oblique rows of brown dots on dorsal portion of flank and caudal peduncle. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Opercular region pale golden. Dark gray infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light gray bar. Jaws light brown. Iris yellow, with dark brown bar through center of eye. Unpaired fins hyaline, with faint small brown spots on basal portion., Paired fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF177FF887895FF25FCB8FC43.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin brevirostrata (with short snout), referring to the short snout contrasting with the big eyes of the new species.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF177FF887895FF25FCB8FC43.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality, a temporary lagoon in the rio Meia Ponte floodplains, city of Goiânia, Goiás, central Brazil (Fig. 1).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17AFF8A7895FB9DFC85F9C9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Brazil: Estado de Goiás: rio Araguaia basin: MZUSP 38511 (male holotype, 28.1 mm SL); MZUSP 38510 (1 paratype [c & s]); MZUSP 38509 (1 paratype [c & s]); MNRJ 11388 (1 paratype), Aruanã; S. Valério, 1986. UFRJ 6394 (1), swamp close to road GO- 173, about 25 km N from Aruanã, 14 º 49 ’ 10.0 ” S 50 º 58 ’ 36.4 ” W, altitude 255 m; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, J. Paz & A. Oliveira, 13 Apr. 2006. UFRJ 6395 (1), swamp close to road GO- 173, about 5 km S from Aruanã, 14 º 59 ’ 34.7 ” S 51 º 05 ’ 31.2 ” W, altitude 265 m; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove & J. Paz, 12 Apr. 2006. UFRJ 6396 (3), swamp close to road GO- 173, Aruanã, 14 º 44 ’ 38.8 ” S 50 º 56 ’ 34.8 ” W, altitude 255 m; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, J. Paz & A. Oliveira, 13 Apr. 2006. UFRJ 3540 (13), temporary pool 4 km E of rio Araguaia, road to Peixe; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil. M. I. Landim & C. Moreira, 16 Feb. 1996. Estado do Tocantins: UFRJ 3563 (27); UFRJ 3564 (4 [c & s]), temporary lagoon near Barreira do Piqui; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil. M. I. Landim & C. Moreira, 15 Feb. 1996. MZUSP 45222 (28), rio Água Fria, Praia Alta 2 farm, road Araguaçu-Barreira do Piqui, 27 km N from Araguaçu; F. C. T. Lima, 21 – 26 Feb. 1993. UFRJ 5265 (4), ilha do Bananal; D. Almeida & R. D’Arrigo, 20 Feb. 1999. UFRJ 6397 (11), temporary pool in rio Formoso floodplains, road BR- 242, 11 º 47 ’ 31.6 ” S 49 º 45 ’ 54.7 ” W; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, J. Paz & A. Oliveira, 15 Apr. 2006. Estado do Pará: UFRJ 3934 (9); UFRJ 3935 (3 [c & s]), pool 50 m from rio Araguaia, Vila de Santa Cruz, São Geraldo do Araguaia; C. Moreira & B. Milanez, 16 Jan. 1996.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17AFF8A7895FB9DFC85F9C9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: 25 – 29 scales in longitudinal series (vs. 23 – 24), pectoral fin with vertical rows of small dark gray spots or dark gray bars in males (vs. pectoral fin without dark marks), frontal squamation F-patterned (vs. D-patterned), anterior section of supraorbital series of neuromasts continuous (vs. interrupted), dark marks on flank mainly longitudinally arranged in females (vs. mainly obliquely or irregularly arranged), body depth 21.3 – 24.6 % SL in males and 18.1 – 23.8 % SL in females (vs. body depth 24.6 – 27.2 % SL in males and 24.1 – 26.3 % SL in females), caudal peduncle depth 15.5 – 17.1 % SL in males and 14.7 – 15.7 % SL in females (vs. caudal peduncle depth 17.6 – 19.5 % SL in males and 15.6 – 17.9 % SL in females), head depth 69.4 – 75.4 % SL in males and 65.2 – 68.1 % SL in females (vs. head depth 74.9 – 80.7 % SL in males and 71.8 – 77.1 % SL in females) and 4 – 5 bars or transverse rows of spots on pectoral fins in males (vs. 7 – 8).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17AFF8A7895FB9DFC85F9C9.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Largest male examined 32.6 mm SL; largest female examined 28.0 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile weakly convex from lower jaw to anal-fin origin, nearly straight along caudal peduncle. Body slender, subcylindrical, slightly deeper than wide, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout blunt. Dorsal and anal fins pointed in both sexes, longer and often with filamentous tip reaching to vertical through base of caudal fin in males. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins rounded, its posterior margin reaching vertical between pelvic-fin base and anus in males, through pelvic-fin base in females. Pelvic fin short, slightly pointed in males, elliptical in females; tip of each pelvic fin reaching between base of 1 st and 3 rd analfin rays in males, and base of 1 st anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsalfin origin at vertical through base of 10 th or 11 th anal-fin rays, between neural spines of vertebrae 18 and 20. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 12 and 14. Dorsal-fin rays 8 – 10; anal-fin rays 14 – 16; caudalfin rays 25 – 28; pectoral-fin rays 14 – 15; pelvic-fin rays 7. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except on anteroventral surface of head. No scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Scales extending onto anterior 45 – 50 % of caudal fin. Frontal squamation F-patterned, frontal scales circularly arranged around A-scale without free margins; E-scales not overlapping; row of scales anterior to H-scale; supraorbital scales 5 – 7. Longitudinal series of scales 26 – 28; transverse series of scales 7 – 8; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Three to five contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of flank and opercular region. No contact organs on fin rays. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 5 – 7 + 4 – 5, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 1 + 17 + 1, preorbital 4 – 5, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 3, preopercular 10, mandibular 9 – 11, lateral mandibular 3 – 4, paramandibular 1. One neuromast per scale of lateral line. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal subtriangular, greatest width about 55 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 30 % of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth 2 – 3. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 9. Vomerine teeth 1 – 2. Dermosphenotic present. Ventral process of posttemporal vestigial or absent. Total vertebrae 28 – 29. Coloration. Males. Sides of body dark brown to purplish brown, with oblique rows of small metallic blue to golden spots; dark metallic blue blotch on humeral region. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Sides of head light blue to greenish golden, scale borders brown; dark gray to black infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light bluish gray bar. Jaws dark brown. Iris yellow, with dark brown bar through center of eye. Exposed part of branchiostegal membrane dark gray. Dorsal fin bright blue, distal portion of median rays red, posterior portion of fin yellow with 4 – 5 short brown bars. Anal fin dark brown, reddish brown on distal portion, dark gray on distal margin; row of 6 – 7 yellow spots along fin base and posterior margin; sometimes one or two transverse rows of pale blue or pale yellow spots on subdistal region. Caudal fin dark purplish brown, sometimes with transverse row of pale small blue spots. Pectoral fins light blue, with 4 – 5 transverse rows of dark gray to black spots, usually coalesced to form bars. Pelvic fins orangish brown with pale yellow spots on basal portion. Females. Sides of head and trunk light gray with small brown spots, mostly horizontally arranged, often coalesced to form stripes with oblique extensions. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Opercular region pale greenish golden. Dark gray infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light gray bar. Jaws brown. Iris yellow, with dark brown bar through center of eye. Unpaired fins hyaline, with faint small brown spots on basal portion. Paired fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17AFF8A7895FB9DFC85F9C9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Temporary swamps of middle rio Araguaia basin, Goiás and Tocantins, Brazil (Fig. 1), usually in open areas of savanna vegetation.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF178FF8C7895F907FEB9F96A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Brazil: Estado do Tocantins: rio Tocantins basin: CAS 40707 (lectotype, female, 25.5 mm SL); Dona Francisquinha, Porto Nacional; C. Ternetz, 16 Feb. 1924. UFRJ 2101 (11), temporary lagoon close to rio Dona Francisquinha, Porto Nacional; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil & C. Campinha, 16 Feb. 1994. UFRJ 2099 (29); UFRJ 2115 (2 [c & s]), temporary lagoon near rio Tocantins, Brejinho de Nazaré; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil & C. Campinha, 16 - 16 Feb. 1994. UFRJ 6391 (2); UFRJ 6392 (2 [c & s]), temporary swamp 2 km from rio Canabrava, rio Santa Tereza drainage, rio Tocantins basin, road TO- 373 12 km from the road BR- 153, 12 º 29 ’ 46.3 ” S 49 º 0 ’ 50.7 ” W, altitude 292 m; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, J. Paz & A. Oliveira, 16 Apr. 2006. UFRJ 3797, (2), 10 km of Salvação, Alvorada; D. T. B. Nielsen, A. Carletto & A. de Luca, 5 Apr. 1996. UFRJ 5118 (1), pool near Peixe; G. C. Brasil, 20 Apr. 2000. UFRJ 4090 (4), pool near left bank of rio Tocantins, Itaguatins; G. C. Brasil, 20 Apr. 1997.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF178FF8C7895F907FEB9F96A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: 25 – 29 scales in longitudinal series (vs. 23 – 24), pectoral fin with vertical rows of small dark gray spots or dark gray bars in males (vs. pectoral fin without dark marks), frontal squamation F-patterned (vs. D-patterned), anterior section of supraorbital series of neuromasts continuous (vs. interrupted), dark marks on flank mainly longitudinally arranged in females (vs. mainly obliquely or irregularly arranged), body depth 24.6 – 27.2 % SL in males and 24.1 – 26.3 % SL in females (vs. 21.3 – 24.6 % SL in males and 18.1 – 23.8 % SL in females), caudal peduncle depth 17.6 – 19.5 % SL in males and 15.6 – 17.9 % SL in females (vs. 15.5 – 17.1 % SL in males and 14.7 – 15.7 % SL in females), head depth 74.9 – 80.7 % SL in males and 71.8 – 77.1 % SL in females (vs. 69.4 – 75.4 % SL in males and 65.2 – 68.1 % SL in females), and 7 – 8 bars or transverse rows of spots on pectoral fins in males (vs. 4 – 5).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF178FF8C7895F907FEB9F96A.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Largest male examined 39.7 mm SL; largest female examined 35.8 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, about straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile gently convex from lower jaw to anal-fin origin, approximately straight to end of caudal peduncle. Body slender, subcylindrical, slightly deeper than wide, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout blunt. Dorsal and anal fins pointed in both sexes, longer and often with filamentous tip reaching to vertical through base of caudal fin in males. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins rounded, posterior margin of each fin reaching vertical through anus in males, between pelvic-fin base and anus in females. Pelvic fins short, slightly pointed in males, elliptical in females; tip of each pelvic fin reaching between base of 2 nd and 4 th analfin rays in males, and base of 1 st anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsalfin origin at vertical through base of 10 th or 11 th anal-fin rays, between neural spines of vertebrae 18 and 20. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 12 and 14. Dorsal-fin rays 8 – 10; anal-fin rays 14 – 16; caudalfin rays 26 – 28; pectoral-fin rays 14 – 15; pelvic-fin rays 7. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except on anteroventral surface of head. No scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Scales extending onto anterior 45 % of caudal fin. Frontal squamation F-patterned, frontal scales circularly arranged around A-scale without free margins; E-scales not overlapping; row of scales anterior to H-scale; supraorbital scales 5 – 7. Longitudinal series of scales 26 – 27; transverse series of scales 7 – 8; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Three to five contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of flanks and opercular region. No contact organs on fin rays. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 6 + 5 – 6, parietal 1 – 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 1 + 16 + 1, preorbital 5, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1 – 2, preopercular 11 – 12, mandibular 8 – 9, lateral mandibular 3, paramandibular 1. One neuromast per scale of lateral line. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal subtriangular, greatest width about 55 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 35 % of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth 3. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 8 – 9. Vomerine teeth 1 – 3. Dermosphenotic present. Ventral process of posttemporal vestigial or absent. Total vertebrae 28 – 29. Coloration. Males. Sides of body reddish brown, with oblique rows of small golden spots; vertically elongated, dark metallic blue blotch on humeral region. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Sides of head greenish golden, scale borders reddish brown; dark gray to black infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light gray bar. Jaws reddish brown. Iris yellow with dark brown bar through center of eye. Exposed parts of branchiostegal membranes dark gray. Dorsal fin bright blue, distal portion of median rays red; 5 – 6 brown bars on posterior edge of fin. Anal fin orangish brown, with transverse rows of faint yellow spots, to dark brown with 7 short yellow bars on basal and posterior portions; distal margin dark gray to black. Caudal fin purplish brown, with transverse rows of small pale blue spots. Pectoral fins light blue, with 7 – 8 transverse rows of dark gray to black spots, often coalesced to form bars. Pelvic fins orangish brown, with pale yellow spots on basal portion. Females. Sides of head and trunk light gray, with small brown spots, irregular and simultaneously arranged in horizontal and oblique rows. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Opercular region pale greenish golden. Dark gray infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light gray bar. Jaws brown. Iris yellow, with dark brown bar through center of eye. Unpaired fins hyaline, with faint small brown spots. Paired fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF178FF8C7895F907FEB9F96A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Temporary pools of the middle rio Tocantins basin (Fig. 1), in typical savannah environments.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17EFF8F7895F8EAFEC3F942.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. UFRJ 6399 (male, 34.5 mm SL); Brazil: Estado do Piauí, road BR- 343, 26 km NW from Campo Maior, rio Corrente drainage, rio Parnaíba basin, about 4 ° 30 ’ S, 42 ° 00 ’ W; W. J. E. M. Costa, A. C. Bacellar, F. Pupo & E. Araujo, 10 May 1999. Paratypes. Brazil: Estado do Piauí, rio Corrente drainage, rio Parnaíba basin: UFRJ 4879 (21 males, 26.2 – 36.5 mm SL, 25 females, 23.1 – 31.4 mm SL); MCP 40497 (3 males, 31.3 – 33.9 mm SL, 3 females, 27.2 – 29.8 mm SL); UFRJ 5547 (4 males, 29.1 – 40.1 mm SL, 4 females, 29.9 – 32.3 mm SL [c & s]), collected with holotype. UFRJ 5548 (1 female, 44.8 mm SL), temporary lagoon near Campo Maior; temporary lagoon near Campo Maior; same collectors and date as holotype. UFRJ 4592 (3 males, 25.7 – 32.1 mm SL; 3 females, 22.6 – 33.0 mm SL), road PI- 110, between Barras and Batalha; I. Schindler, 6 April 1994.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17EFF8F7895F8EAFEC3F942.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pituna schindleri differs from all other congeners in having more teeth on the second pharyngobranchial (4 – 7 vs. 2 – 3) and more neuromasts in the infraorbital series (1 + 1 + 17 – 21 + 1 vs. 1 + 1 + 10 – 17 + 1). Also distinguished from all other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: 25 – 29 scales in longitudinal series (vs. 23 – 24), pectoral fin with vertical rows of small dark gray spots or dark gray bars in males (vs. pectoral fin without dark marks), frontal squamation F-patterned (vs. D-patterned), anterior section of supraorbital series of neuromasts continuous (vs. interrupted), dark marks on flank mainly longitudinally arranged in females (vs. mainly obliquely or irregularly arranged), and dark marks irregularly arranged on flank in females (vs. regularly arranged).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17EFF8F7895F8EAFEC3F942.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 2. Largest male examined 40.1 mm SL; largest female examined 44.8 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile gently convex from lower jaw to anal-fin origin, nearly straight along caudal peduncle. Body slender, subcylindrical, slightly deeper than wide, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout blunt. (continued). Dorsal and anal fins pointed in both sexes, longer and often with filamentous tip reaching to vertical through caudal-fin base in males. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins rounded, the posterior margin reaching vertical between pelvic-fin base and anus in males, and through pelvic-fin base in females. Pelvic fins short, slightly pointed in males, elliptical in females; tip of each pelvic fin reaching between base of 2 nd and 3 rd analfin rays in males, and base of 1 st anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases in close proximity medially. Dorsalfin origin on vertical through base of 9 th or 10 th anal-fin rays, between neural spines of vertebrae 18 and 20. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 12 and 13. Dorsal-fin rays 8 – 9; anal-fin rays 13 – 15; caudalfin rays 26 – 28; pectoral-fin rays 14 – 15; pelvic-fin rays 7 – 8. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except on anteroventral surface of head. No scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Scales extending onto anterior 45 – 50 % of caudal fin. Frontal squamation F-patterned, frontal scales circularly arranged around A-scale without free margins; E-scales not overlapping; row of scales anterior to H-scale; supraorbital scales 7 – 8. Longitudinal series of scales 25 – 26; transverse series of scales 7; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Three to five contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of flank. No contact organs on fin rays. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 5 – 7 + 4 – 5, parietal 1 – 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 1 + 17 – 21 + 1, preorbital 5 – 6, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 2, preopercular 8 – 9, mandibular 9 – 10, lateral mandibular 3 – 5, paramandibular 1. One neuromast per scale of lateral line. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal subtriangular, greatest width about 60 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 40 % of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth 4 – 7. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 8. Vomerine teeth 2 – 3. Dermosphenotic present. Ventral process of posttemporal vestigial. Total vertebrae 27 – 29. Coloration. Males. Sides of body purplish brown with oblique rows of small greenish golden spots; metallic blue blotch on humeral region. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Sides of head light greenish golden, scale borders purplish brown; dark gray to black infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light gray bar. Jaws purplish brown. Iris orangish yellow, with dark brown bar through center of eye. Exposed parts of branchiostegal membranes dark gray. Dorsal fin bright greenish blue, distal portion of median rays red, posterior portion of fin yellow with 4 – 5 short brown bars. Anal fin dark brown, orangish brown on distal portion; row of 7 – 8 yellow spots along fin base and posterior margin; sometimes one or two transverse rows of pale yellow on subdistal region. Caudal fin dark purplish brown with transverse rows of small pale blue spots. Pectoral fins light blue, with 5 – 7 transverse rows of dark gray to black spots. Pelvic fins orangish brown, with pale yellow spots on basal portion. Females. Sides of head and trunk light gray, with dark brown dots irregularly arranged or scarcely arranged in oblique rows. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Opercular region pale greenish golden. Dark gray infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light gray bar. Jaws gray. Iris yellow, with dark brown bar through center of eye. Unpaired fins hyaline, with faint small brown spots on basal portion. Paired fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17EFF8F7895F8EAFEC3F942.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of Ingo Schindler, the first collector of the species.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17EFF8F7895F8EAFEC3F942.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Seasonal pools in the lower rio Parnaíba basin, northeastern Brazil (Fig. 1), in savannah area.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17DFF917895F882FCEEFA23.taxon	description	Pituna compacta non P. compacta (Myers); Costa, 1998 b: 142 (misidentification).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17DFF917895F882FCEEFA23.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. UFRJ 6398 (male, 36.6 mm SL); Brazil: Estado de Mato Grosso, road MT- 326, 15 – 16 km from the right bank of rio das Mortes, rio Araguaia basin, about 14 ° 00 ’ S, 51 ° 40 ’ W; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil, M. I. Landim & C. Moreira, 16 Feb. 1996. Paratypes. Brazil: Estado de Mato Grosso: UFRJ 3543 (5 males, 27.4 – 30.8 mm SL, 7 females, 20.5 – 29.2 mm SL); UFRJ 3545 (1 male, 29.8 mm SL, 2 females, 21.8 – 27.6 mm SL [c & s]); MCP 40498 (1 male, 28.2 mm SL, 2 females, 23.3 – 24.2 mm SL); collected with holotype. UFRJ 247 (3 males, 29.8 – 37.5 mm SL, 18 females, 17.1 – 25.3 mm SL); UFRJ 294 (1 male, 36.7 mm SL); same locality; G. C. Brasil et al., Jan. 1988.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17DFF917895F882FCEEFA23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all congeners in having more caudal-fin rays (28 – 31 vs. 24 – 28). It is also distinguished from all other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: 25 – 29 scales in longitudinal series (vs. 23 – 24), pectoral fins with vertical rows of small dark gray spots or dark gray bars in males (vs. pectoral fin without dark marks), frontal squamation F-patterned (vs. D-patterned), anterior section of supraorbital series of neuromasts continuous (vs. interrupted), dark marks on flanks mainly obliquely arranged in females (vs. mainly longitudinally or irregularly arranged), 1 + 1 + 13 – 17 + 1 infraorbital neuromasts (vs. 1 + 1 + 17 – 21 + 1), and oblique rows of dark brown dots never forming bars on flank in females (vs. forming oblique bars).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17DFF917895F882FCEEFA23.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 1. Largest male examined 37.5 mm SL; largest female examined 29.2 mm SL. Dorsal profile weakly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile gently convex from lower jaw to anal-fin origin, nearly straight along caudal peduncle. Body slender, subcylindrical, slightly deeper than wide, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout blunt. Dorsal and anal fins pointed in both sexes, longer and each often with filamentous tip reaching to vertical through middle of caudal fin in males. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins rounded, their posterior margin reaching vertical between pelvic-fin base and anus in males, through pelvic-fin base in females. Pelvic fins short, slightly pointed in males, elliptical in females; tip of each pelvic fin reaching between base of 1 st and 3 rd anal-fin rays in males, and base of 1 st anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases in close proximity medially. Dorsal-fin origin at vertical through base of 9 th or 10 th anal-fin rays, between neural spines of vertebrae 18 and 20. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 12 and 14. Dorsal-fin rays 9 – 10; anal-fin rays 13 – 15; caudal-fin rays 28 – 31; pectoral-fin rays 15 – 16; pelvic-fin rays 7. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except on anteroventral surface of head. No scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Scales extending onto anterior 45 – 50 % of caudal fin. Frontal squamation F-patterned, frontal scales circularly arranged around A-scale, without free margins; E-scales not overlapping; row of scales anterior to H-scale; supraorbital scales 7 – 9. Longitudinal series of scales 27 – 29; transverse series of scales 8; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Three to five contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of flank. No contact organs on fin rays. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 6 – 7 + 4 – 5, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 1 + 15 – 17 + 1, preorbital 4, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 2, preopercular 10, mandibular 9, lateral mandibular 4, paramandibular 1. One neuromast per scale of lateral line. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal subtriangular, greatest width about 60 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 35 % of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth 3. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 9. Vomerine teeth 2 – 4. Dermosphenotic present. Ventral process of posttemporal vestigial or absent. Total vertebrae 29. Coloration. Males. Sides of body dark brown to purplish brown, with oblique rows of small greenish golden spots; dark metallic blue blotch on humeral region. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Sides of head light greenish golden, scale borders brown; dark gray to black infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light gray bar. Jaws dark brown. Iris yellow, with dark brown bar through center of eye. Exposed part of branchiostegal membranes dark gray. Dorsal fin bright greenish blue, distal portion of median rays red, posterior portion of fin yellow with 3 – 4 short brown bars. Anal fin dark brown, orangish brown on distal portion; row of 6 – 7 yellow spots along fin base and posterior margin; sometimes transverse row of pale blue on subdistal region. Caudal fin dark purplish brown. Pectoral fins light blue, with 6 – 8 transverse rows of dark gray to black spots, sometimes coalesced to form bars. Pelvic fins orangish brown, with pale yellow spots on basal portion. Females. Sides of head and trunk light gray, with dark brown dots arranged in oblique rows, often forming chevron-like pattern with tip posteriorly directed. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Opercular region pale greenish golden. Dark gray infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light gray bar. Jaws brown. Iris yellow, with dark brown bar through center of eye. Unpaired fins hyaline, with faint small brown spots on basal portion. Paired fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17DFF917895F882FCEEFA23.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin obliquus (oblique) and seriatus (with series), referring to the oblique rows of dots on the flanks in females.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF17DFF917895F882FCEEFA23.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality, a temporary swamp near rio das Mortes, rio Araguaia basin, central Brazil (Fig. 1), in a savannah area.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF163FF937895F9BDFD75FBDB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. UFRJ 6400 (male, 28.6 mm SL); Brazil: Estado do Pará: temporary pool in island, rio Xingu, in front of Altamira, 3 º 13 ’ 34.6 ” S, 52 ° 12 ’ 26.1 ” W, altitude 39 m; J. L. Diniz, 5 May 2003. Paratypes. UFRJ 6401 (1 female, 30.1 mm SL); UFRJ 6402 (1 male, 26.5 mm SL; 1 female, 25.2 mm SL [c & s]); collected with holotype.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF163FF937895F9BDFD75FBDB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other congeners by the following combined morphological features: 25 – 29 scales in longitudinal series (vs. 23 – 24), pectoral fins with vertical rows of small dark gray spots or dark gray bars in males (vs. pectoral fins without dark marks), frontal squamation F-patterned (vs. D-patterned), anterior section of supraorbital series of neuromasts continuous (vs. interrupted), dark marks on flanks mainly obliquely arranged in females (vs. mainly longitudinally or irregularly arranged), 1 + 1 + 17 – 21 + 1 infraorbital neuromasts (vs. 1 + 1 + 13 – 17 + 1), caudal-fin rays 26 – 27 (vs. 28 – 31), and oblique rows of dark brown dots forming oblique bars on flanks in females (vs. never forming bars).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF163FF937895F9BDFD75FBDB.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 2. Largest male examined 28.6 mm SL; largest female examined 30.1 mm SL. Dorsal profile gently convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile slightly convex from lower jaw to anal-fin origin, nearly straight along caudal peduncle. Body slender, subcylindrical, slightly deeper than wide, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout blunt. Dorsal and anal fins pointed in both sexes, but longer and reaching to vertical through caudal-fin base in males. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins rounded, their posterior margin reaching vertical between pelvic-fin base and anus in males, through pelvic-fin base in females. Pelvic fins short, slightly pointed, tip reaching base of 5 th anal-fin ray in males, and base of 3 rd or 4 th anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin at vertical through base of 10 th or 11 th anal-fin rays, between neural spines of vertebrae 17 and 19. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 11 and 13. Dorsal-fin rays 9 – 10; anal-fin rays 14 – 15; caudal-fin rays 26 – 27; pectoral-fin rays 14 – 15; pelvic-fin rays 7. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except on anteroventral surface of head. No scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Scales extending onto anterior 50 % of caudal fin. Frontal squamation F-patterned, frontal scales circularly arranged around A-scale without free margins; E-scales not overlapping; row of scales anterior to H-scale; supraorbital scales 6. Longitudinal series of scales 26; transverse series of scales 8; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Two or three contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of flank. No contact organs on fin rays. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 5 – 7 + 4 – 5, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 1 + 15 + 1, preorbital 3 – 4, otic 1 – 2, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 2, preopercular 10, mandibular 8, lateral mandibular 3, paramandibular 1. One neuromast per scale of lateral line. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal subtriangular, greatest width about 55 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 35 % of total length of basihyal. Six branchiostegal rays. Second pharyngobranchial teeth 2. Gill-rakers on first branchial arch 1 + 9. Vomerine teeth 1. Dermosphenotic present. Ventral process of posttemporal short. Total vertebrae 28 – 29. Coloration. Males. Sides of body reddish brown, with oblique rows of small golden spots; vertically elongated, metallic blue blotch on humeral region. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Sides of head light greenish golden, scale borders purplish brown; dark gray to black infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light gray bar. Jaws purplish brown. Iris orangish yellow, with dark brown bar through center of eye. Exposed part of branchiostegal membrane dark gray. Dorsal fin bright greenish blue, distal portion of median rays red, posterior portion of fin yellow, with 3 short orangish brown bars. Anal fin dark orangish brown, with row of 5 – 6 yellow spots along fin base and posterior margin, and two transverse rows of pale greenish yellow spots, sometimes fused to form stripes, on middle and subdistal portion of fin. Caudal fin dark brown. Pectoral fins hyaline, with 4 – 6 transverse series of alternating, small light greenish yellow and dark gray spots. Pelvic fins orangish brown, with pale yellow spots on basal portion. Females. Sides of head and trunk light gray, with oblique rows of small dark brown spots, often coalesced to form oblique bars. Dorsum light brown. Venter light gray. Opercular region pale greenish golden. Dark gray infraorbital bar, adjacent to narrow preorbital light gray bar. Jaws dark gray. Iris yellow, with dark brown bar through center of eye. Unpaired fins hyaline, with faint small brown spots on basal portion. Paired fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF163FF937895F9BDFD75FBDB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name xinguensis is an allusion to the occurrence of the new species in the rio Xingu.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF163FF937895F9BDFD75FBDB.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality, a temporary swamp on a rio Xingu island near Altamira (Fig. 1), Brazilian Amazonian forest.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF161FF937895FB15FE48F905.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other genera of Plesiolebiasini by the following unique features: posterior process of quadrate and sympletic long (vs. short) (Costa, 1998 a), interarcual cartilage absent (vs. present) (Costa, 1998 a), rays of anterior portion of anal fin longer than posterior rays (vs. longer) (Costa, 1995 a), and frontal squamation G-patterned (vs. F or D patterned) (Costa, 1998 a).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF161FF937895FB15FE48F905.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southeastern Amazonian basin, including Xingu, Araguaia, and Tocantins river drainages, Brazil; and rio Paraguay basin, in northern Brazilian Pantanal (Fig. 13).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF161FF937895FB15FE48F905.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The systematic accounts below should be viewed as a complement to the recent taxonomic revision of Plesiolebias (Costa, 1998 c), where redescriptions of P. xavantei, P. l a c e rd a i, P. aruana, and P. glaucopterus are included.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF166FF987895FA1BFC1BFDD3.taxon	description	Plesiolebias lacerdai non P. lacerdai Costa; Costa, 1998 a: 328 (misidentification).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF166FF987895FA1BFC1BFDD3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. UFRJ 6411 (male, 19.7 mm SL); Brazil: Estado do Tocantins: temporary pool in left rio Formoso floodplains, rio Javaés drainage, rio Araguaia basin, road BR- 242, between Formoso do Araguaia and São João do Javaés, 11 º 47 ’ 31.6 ” S, 49 º 45 ’ 54.7 ” W; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, J. Paz & A. Oliveira, 15 April 2006. Paratypes. Brazil: Estado do Tocantins: rio Araguaia basin: UFRJ 6412 (2 females, 20.1 – 20.7 mm SL); MCP 40499 (1 male, 19.6 mm SL, 1 female, 20.2 mm SL); collected with holotype. UFRJ 5262 (2 males, 15.7 – 16.0 mm SL, 2 females, 17.0 – 19.8 mm SL); UFRJ 5049 (2 males, 14.3 – 16.8 mm SL, 6 females, 14.2 – 16.0 mm SL [c & s]), Parque Nacional do Araguaia, ilha do Bananal; G. C. Brasil et al., April 1999. UFRJ 3793 (1 male, 14.0 mm SL, 23 females, 15.1 – 18.3 mm SL); rio Formoso floodplains; D. T. B. Nielsen, A. Carletto & A. de Luca, 6 April 1996.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF166FF987895FA1BFC1BFDD3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other congeners by the following combination of characters: filamentous ray on pelvic fins in males (vs. filamentous ray absent); pelvic-fin rays 8 (vs. 7); eye yellow in males (vs. bright green); flank with oblique black bars in males (vs. black bars absent); no red stripe on anterior portion of flank in males (vs. red stripe present); basal portion of dorsal fin red in males (vs. with transverse rows of dark red and white spots); a black spot on posterior portion of anal fin in males (vs. black spot absent); body depth 23.3 – 25.4 % SL in males, 22.2 – 25.7 % SL in females (vs. 28.6 – 32.6 % SL in males, 26.4 – 30.3 % SL in females); sparse bright dots on flanks in males (vs. oblique rows of bright dots on flank); 3 white bars on basal portion of anal fin in males (vs. 4 – 5); no black bar on preopercle (vs. black bar present on preopercle); 5 – 7 oblique bars on flank in females (vs. 8 – 9); 24 – 25 scales in longitudinal series (vs. 22 – 23). Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 3. Largest male examined 19.7 mm SL, largest female examined 20.2 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile gently convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, about straight on caudal peduncle. Body slender, compressed. Greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout blunt. (continued). Tip of both dorsal and anal fins rounded, without filaments. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins elliptical, posterior margin reaching vertical through urogenital papilla and anal-fin origin in males, between pelvic-fin base and anus in females. Pelvic fins pointed in males, terminating in long filament, with tip reaching between base of 5 th and 8 th anal-fin rays; tip of each pelvic fin reaching base of 3 rd anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially united. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 1 st and 3 rd anal-fin rays, and between neural spines of 9 th and 11 th vertebrae. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of 8 th and 9 th vertebrae. Dorsal-fin rays 11 – 12; anal-fin rays 15 – 17; caudal-fin rays 23 – 25; pectoral-fin rays 12; pelvic-fin rays 8. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending over anterior 25 % of caudal fin; no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation G-patterned; E-scales overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular transverse pattern. Two supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 24 – 25; transverse series of scales 7; scale rows around caudal peduncle 12. One to three minute contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of ventral portion of flanks in males. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 6 + 2, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 23 – 25 + 1, preorbital 3 – 4, otic 1, post-otic 1, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, preopercular 2 + 9, mandibular 6, lateral mandibular 5. One neuromast on center of each scale of lateral line of trunk. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal narrow, longest width about 20 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 25 % of basihyal length. Five branchiostegal rays. Five teeth on second pharyngobranchial. Gill-rakers of first branchial arch 1 + 8. Vomerine teeth absent. Ventral process of posttemporal absent. Total vertebrae 23 – 25. Coloration. Males: Sides of body gray with 6 - 8 bars, black and well defined on anterior two thirds of flank, reddish brown and diffuse on caudal peduncle region; few greenish blue dots scattered on flanks. Dorsum gray. Venter white, with transverse dark gray marks. Side of gray, opercular region pale greenish golden; short oblique black bars on dorsolateral portion of head posterior to orbit and short oblique black infraorbital bar. Jaws dark gray. Iris yellow, with black bar through center of eye. Dorsal fin red, distal portion hyaline; small white spot on middle of fin base, and short oblique white bar on posterior margin. Anal fin reddish black, with three short white bars on its basal half, anteriormost bar wider, often forming triangular mark, corresponding to fusion of two anteriormost bars of other species of Plesiolebias; faint light blue bar on posterior portion of fin; black blotch on posterior portion of fin visible only in preserved specimens. Caudal fin gray, with transverse rows of small light gray spots on basal region of fin. Pectoral fins hyaline. Pelvic fins black, with two white bars, anterior bar near anterior margin of fin and posterior bar on posterior margin. Females: Sides of body light brownish gray, with 5 - 7 narrow oblique black bars. Dorsum light brownish gray. Venter white. Sides of head gray, pale greenish yellow on opercle. Jaws gray. Iris pale yellow, with gray bar through center of eye. Fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF166FF987895FA1BFC1BFDD3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin fragilis (fragile), an allusion to the fragility of this tiny (i. e., pygmy size) new species.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF166FF987895FA1BFC1BFDD3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Plesiolebias fragilis occurs in seasonal swamps of the middle rio Araguaia basin (Fig. 13), in the region of ilha do Bananal, Estado do Tocantins, Brazil. This is an area of transition between the savannas of central Brazil (Cerrado) and the Amazonian forest. Concentrated in these swamps are one of the richest known assemblages of sympatric seasonal rivulids (Costa, 1998 a), with a total of seven species. Besides P. fragilis, the following species are found here: Trigonectes rubromarginatus Costa, Simpsonichthys costai (Lazara), Simpsonichthys semiocellatus (Costa & Nielsen), Pituna poranga Costa, Maratecoara lacortei (Lazara), and Plesiolebias aruana (Lazara).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16AFF9A7895FD2DFC8EFE63.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. UFRJ 6369 (male, 17.1 mm SL), Brazil: Estado do Pará: temporary pool in island, rio Xingu, in front of Altamira, 3 º 13 ’ 34.6 ” S, 52 ° 12 ’ 26.1 ” W, altitude 39 m; J. L. Diniz, 5 May 2003. Paratypes. Brasil: Estado do Pará: UFRJ 6370 (1 female, 18.1 mm SL); UFRJ 6371 (1 male, 17.5 mm SL, 2 females, 15.0 – 16.6 mm SL [c & s]); collected with holotype.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16AFF9A7895FD2DFC8EFE63.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all its congeners by the combination of the following characters: filamentous ray present on each pelvic fin in males (vs. filamentous ray absent); pelvic-fin rays 8 (vs. 7); eye yellow in males (vs. bright green); flank with oblique black bars in males (vs. black bars absent); red stripe on anterior portion of flank not anteriorly reaching orbit in males (vs. red stripe reaching orbit or absent); basal portion of dorsal fin red in males (vs. with transverse rows of dark red and white spots); a black spot on posterior portion of anal fin in males (vs. black spot absent); body depth 24.8 – 25.6 % SL in males, 23.0 – 26.0 % SL in females (vs. 28.6 – 32.6 % SL in males, 26.4 – 30.3 % SL in females); sparse bright dots on flank in males (vs. oblique rows of bright dots on flank); 3 white bars on basal portion of anal fin in males (vs. 4 – 5); a black bar on preopercle (vs. black bar absent); 8 – 9 oblique bars on flanks in females (vs. 5 – 7); 22 – 23 scales in longitudinal series (vs. 24 – 25).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16AFF9A7895FD2DFC8EFE63.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 2. Largest male examined 17.5 mm SL, largest female 18.1 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile gently convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Body moderately slender, compressed. Greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout blunt. Tip of dorsal and anal fins rounded. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins elliptical, posterior margin reaching vertical through base of 2 nd anal-fin ray in males, through anus in females. Pelvic fins pointed in males, terminating in long filament, with tip reaching base of 9 th anal-fin ray; tip of each pelvic fin reaching urogenital papilla in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially united. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 4 th or 5 th anal-fin ray, and between neural spines of 11 th and 12 th vertebrae. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of 9 th and 11 th vertebrae. Dorsal-fin rays 10 – 12; anal-fin rays 14 – 16; caudal-fin rays 23 – 25; pectoral-fin rays 12 – 13; pelvic-fin rays 8. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except on anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending onto anterior 25 % of caudal fin; no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation G-patterned; E-scales overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular transverse pattern. Two supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 22 – 23; transverse series of scales 8; scale rows around caudal peduncle 12. Three to five minute contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of ventral portion of flank in males. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 5 – 6 + 5, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 24 – 26 + 1, preorbital 2, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 2, preopercular 2 + 9, mandibular 7, lateral mandibular 2. One neuromast on center of each scale of lateral line of trunk. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal subtriangular, narrow, width about 30 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 20 % of basihyal length. Five branchiostegal rays. Four teeth on second pharyngobranchial. Gill-rakers of first branchial arch 1 + 8. One vomerine tooth. Ventral process of posttemporal absent. Total vertebrae 25 - 27. Coloration. Males: Sides of body pale purplish gray, with 10 – 11 oblique dark gray to black bars, alternating with two rows of white dots on anterior half of flank and with single similar row on posterior portion of flanks; red spot extending between anterior part of dorsolateral region of trunk and posterior part of dorsolateral region of head. Dorsum light purplish brown. Venter pinkish white, with transverse dark gray marks. Sides of head pale pink, opercular region greenish golden; oblique black bar just posterior to orbit and another similar bar through preopercle; short oblique black infraorbital bar. Jaws dark gray. Iris yellow, with black bar through center of eye. Dorsal fin red, distal portion hyaline; small white spots on fin base. Anal fin black with three short white bars on its basal half, uniformly reddish black on distal half; faint light blue bar on posterior portion of fin. Caudal fin grayish hyaline, with transverse rows of small white spots, united to form narrow bars on ventral portion of fin. Pectoral fins hyaline. Pelvic fins black, with two white bars, anterior bar near anterior margin of each fin and posterior bar on posterior margin. Females: Sides of body light brownish gray, with 8 – 9 wide oblique gray bars. Dorsum light brown. Venter white. Sides of head light brown, pale greenish yellow on opercle. Jaws gray. Iris pale yellow, with gray bar through center of eye. Fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16AFF9A7895FD2DFC8EFE63.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name altamira is an allusion to the occurrence of the new species near the city of Altamira, Brazilian Amazon.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16AFF9A7895FD2DFC8EFE63.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Known only from seasonal pools near the city of Altamira, rio Xingu drainage, rio Amazonas basin, Estado do Pará, Brazil (Fig. 13).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF168FF9C7895FDFDFF71FCA3.taxon	description	Plesiolebias xavantei non P. xavantei (Costa, Lacerda & Tanizaki); Costa, 1998 c: 330 (misidentification of specimens from Itaguatins, Tocantins, Brazil).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF168FF9C7895FDFDFF71FCA3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. UFRJ 6367 (male, 18.3 mm SL); Brazil: Estado do Tocantins: Sampaio, temporary pool in rio Tocantins floodplains, about 1.5 km from the left river bank, 5 ° 16 ’ 58 ” S, 47 ° 53 ’ 30 ” W, altitude 102 m; G. C. Brasil, 3 June 2000. Paratypes. Brasil: Estado do Tocantins: UFRJ 5135 (6 males, 16.7 - 19.6 mm SL, 7 females, 16.8 - 17.5 mm SL); UFRJ 6368 (3 males, 16.1 - 18.9 mm SL [c & s]); collected with holotype. UFRJ 4089, 3 males, 17.5 - 19.9 mm SL, 8 females, 16.9 - 20.7 mm SL; Itaguatins, temporary pool near left bank of rio Tocantins, about 5 ° 30 ’ S, 47 ° 30 ’ W, altitude about 130 m; G. C. Brasil, 20 Apr 1997.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF168FF9C7895FDFDFF71FCA3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all its congeners by the following morphological features in combination: filamentous ray on each pelvic fin in males (vs. filamentous ray absent); pelvic-fin rays 8 (vs. 7); eye yellow in males (vs. bright green); flanks with oblique black bars in males (vs. black bars absent); red stripe on anterior portion of flanks not anteriorly reaching orbit in males (vs. red stripe reaching orbit or absent); basal portion of dorsal fin red in males (vs. with transverse rows of dark red and white spots); a black spot on posterior portion of anal fin in males (vs. black spot absent); body depth 28.6 - 30.8 % SL in males, 26.4 - 29.3 % SL in females (vs. 23.2 – 25.7 % SL in males, 23.0 – 26.0 % SL in females); oblique rows of bright dots on flank in males (vs. sparse bright dots on flank); 4 white bars on basal portion of anal fin in males (vs. 3); a black bar on preopercle (vs. black bar absent); dorsal fin-origin in vertical between base of 5 th and 6 th anal-fin rays (vs. between base of 3 rd and 5 th or between base of 7 th and 8 th anal-fin rays); 15 – 16 anal-fin rays (vs. 17 – 18); red pigmentation restricted to basal third of dorsal fin in males (vs. extending to basal two thirds of dorsal fin); small white spots on dorsal-fin base in males (vs. white bars).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF168FF9C7895FDFDFF71FCA3.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data given in Table 2. Largest male examined 19.9 mm SL, largest female examined 20.7 mm SL. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile gently convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Body moderately slender, compressed. Greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout blunt. Tip of both dorsal and anal fins rounded. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins elliptical, posterior margin reaching vertical through base of 2 nd anal-fin ray in male, through anus in female. Pelvic fins pointed in males, terminating in long filament, with tip reaching between base of 10 th and 13 th anal-fin ray; tip of each pelvic fin reaching base of 2 nd anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially united. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical through base of 7 th or 8 th anal-fin ray, and between neural spines of 10 th and 12 th vertebrae. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of 9 th and 11 th vertebrae. Dorsal-fin rays 11 – 13; anal-fin rays 15 – 16; caudal-fin rays 23 – 25; pectoral-fin rays 12; pelvic-fin rays 8. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending onto anterior 20 % of caudal fin; no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation G-patterned; E-scales overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular transverse pattern. Two supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 23; transverse series of scales 8; scale rows around caudal peduncle 12. Three to five minute contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of ventral portion of flank in males. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 6 + 5, parietal 2, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 20 – 25 + 1, preorbital 3, otic 1, postotic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 2, preopercular 2 + 8 – 10, mandibular 4 + 2, lateral mandibular 2. One neuromast on center of each scale of lateral line of trunk. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal subtriangular, narrow, width about 30 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 30 % of basihyal length. Five branchiostegal rays. Five teeth on second pharyngobranchial. Gill-rakers of first branchial arch 1 + 8. No vomerine tooth. Ventral process of posttemporal minute or absent. Total vertebrae 24 – 25. Coloration. Males: Sides of body pale pink, with 8 – 9 oblique dark purplish to black bars, alternating with two or three oblique rows of white dots on anterior half of flanks and with single similar row on posterior portion of flanks; red stripe on anterior portion of laterodorsal region of trunk, between vertical through posterior margin of opercle and vertical just posterior to pelvic-fin base. Dorsum light purplish brown. Venter pinkish white, with transverse dark gray marks. Sides of head pale pink, with oblique dark gray oblique bars; opercular region golden with two dark gray to black bars, anterior bar adjacent to posterior orbital margin, posterior bar on preopercle, posterior edge on opercle black. Jaws pale pink. Iris yellow, with black bar through center of eye. Dorsal fin red on basal third, with three white dots on fin base, hyaline on distal two thirds. Anal fin reddish black, distal third dark gray with blue iridescence; four white oblique bars on basal two thirds of fin. Caudal fin grayish hyaline to reddish hyaline on basal portion, with transverse rows of faint light gray dots. Pectoral fins hyaline. Pelvic fins black, with two white bars, anterior bar near anterior margin of fin and posterior bar on posterior margin; blue iridescence on anterior margin of each fin. Females: Sides of body light brownish gray, with 8 – 9 oblique rows of dark brown closely positioned dots. Dorsum light brown. Venter white. Sides of head light brown, pale greenish yellow on opercle. Jaws gray. Iris pale yellow, with gray bar through center of eye. Fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF168FF9C7895FDFDFF71FCA3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Temporary pools in the southeastern portion of the Amazonian forest, middle rio Tocantins floodplains, between Itaguatins and Sampaio, Estado do Tocantins, Brazil (Fig. 13).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF168FF9C7895FDFDFF71FCA3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin filamentosus (filamentous), an allusion to the long filamentous pelvic-fin ray in male.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16EFF9E7895FC3DFCF0FD03.taxon	description	Plesiolebias aruana non P. aruana (Lazara); Costa, 1998 a: 325 (misidentification).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16EFF9E7895FC3DFCF0FD03.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. UFRJ 6424 (male, 17.6 mm SL); Brazil: Estado do Tocantins: temporary lagoon in left rio Canabrava floodplains, rio Santa Tereza drainage, rio Tocantins basin, road TO- 373, between Alvorada and Peixe, 12 º 29 ’ 46.3 ” S, 49 º 0 ’ 50.7 ” W, altitude 292 m; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, J. Paz & A. Oliveira, 16 April 2006. Paratypes. Brazil: Estado do Tocantins: rio Tocantins basin: UFRJ 6425 (10 males, 15.5 – 19.5 mm SL, 10 females, 15.9 – 18.3 mm SL); MCP 40500 (3 males, 16.0 – 17.2 mm SL, 3 females, 16.1 – 17.4 mm SL); collected with holotype. UFRJ 3801 (24 males, 13.2 – 15.2 mm SL, 31 females, 11.6 – 16.0 mm SL); UFRJ 4006 (4 males, 14.7 – 16.7 mm SL, 2 females, 13.5 – 15.2 mm SL [c & s]); same locality; D. T. B. Nielsen, A. Carletto & A. de Luca, 4 April 1996.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16EFF9E7895FC3DFCF0FD03.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all its congeners by the combined set of the following morphological features: no filamentous ray on each pelvic fin in males (vs. filamentous ray present); pelvic-fin rays 7 (vs. 8 – 9); eye bright green in males (vs. yellow); flank without oblique black bars in males (vs. black bars present); red stripe on anterior portion of flanks anteriorly reaching orbit in males (vs. red stripe not reaching orbit or absent); basal portion of dorsal fin with transverse rows of dark red and white spots in males (vs. red); no distinctive black spot on posterior portion of anal fin in males (vs. black spot present); dorsal-fin origin at vertical through base of 7 th or 8 th anal-fin rays (vs. in vertical between base of 5 th or 6 th anal-fin ray); oblique rows of dark brown dots restricted to the median portion of flanks, sometimes absent (vs. dark brown dots and elongated spots on whole flanks); anal-fin base with white elongate spots in males (vs. long curved bars, ventral tips anteriorly directed, often converging to a point on anterior margin of fin); 1 + 27 – 31 + 1 infra-orbital neuromasts (vs. 1 + 16 – 22 + 1).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16EFF9E7895FC3DFCF0FD03.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 4. Largest male examined 19.5 mm SL, largest female examined 18.3 mm SL. Dorsal profile gently convex from snout to end of dorsal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile weakly convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Body slender, compressed. Greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout blunt. Tip of dorsal and anal fins rounded, without filaments. Caudal fin rounded. Pectoral fins elliptical, posterior margin reaching vertical between urogenital papilla and base of 2 nd anal-fin ray in males, between anus and base 3 rd anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic fins slightly pointed, without filaments; tip of each pelvic fin reaching base of 4 th anal-fin ray in males, reaching anal-fin origin in females. Pelvic-fin bases in close proximity medially. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 7 th and 8 th anal-fin rays, and between neural spines of 13 th and 14 th vertebrae. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of 9 th and 10 th vertebrae. Dorsal-fin rays 9 – 10; anal-fin rays 14 – 16; caudal-fin rays 22 – 24; pectoral-fin rays 11 – 12; pelvic-fin rays 7. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending over anterior 25 % of caudal fin; no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation G-patterned; E-scales overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular transverse pattern. Two supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 23 – 24; transverse series of scales 7; scale rows around caudal peduncle 12. Three minute contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of ventral portion of flank in males. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 6 + 7, parietal 1, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 27 – 31 + 1, preorbital 4, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, preopercular 2 + 10, mandibular 5 + 2, lateral mandibular 3. One neuromast on center of each scale of lateral line of trunk. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal narrow, longest width about 25 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 20 % of basihyal length. Five branchiostegal rays. Six or seven teeth on second pharyngobranchial. Gill-rakers of first branchial arch 1 + 7. Vomerine teeth absent. Ventral process of posttemporal absent. Total vertebrae 24 – 25. Coloration. Males: Sides of body gray, with narrow, oblique orangish red bars, alternating with oblique series of small greenish blue spots. Broad orangish red stripe between dorsoposterior margin of orbit and point in vertical through pelvic-fin base. Dorsum gray. Venter white. Sides of head and jaws gray, opercular region metallic green. Iris bright green, with dark gray bar through center of eye. Dorsal fin hyaline, with alternating transverse rows of dark red and light blue spots on basal two thirds of fin. Anal fin dark gray, with blue iridescence, with 5 white elongate spots on basal region, separated by dark reddish gray interspace. Caudal fin gray, with transverse rows of small dark red spots on basal half of fin. Pectoral fins hyaline. Pelvic fins gray, with dark red spot and small white spot on basal portion of fin. Females: Sides of body light brownish gray, with oblique rows of dark brown dots on ventral portion of middle flank, sometimes inconspicuous. Dorsum light brownish gray. Venter white. Sides of head and jaws gray, pale greenish yellow on opercle. Iris pale yellow, with gray bar through center of eye. Fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16EFF9E7895FC3DFCF0FD03.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name canabravensis refers to the occurrence of P. canabravensis in the rio Canabrava floodplains.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16EFF9E7895FC3DFCF0FD03.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Plesiolebias canabravensis is known only from a seasonal lagoon near rio Canabrava, rio Tocantins basin (Fig. 13), in a savannah region.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16CFF9E7895FD5DFB10FB1D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other plesiolebiasine genera by the following unique features of males: dorsal and anal fins long, tips beyond posterior margin of caudal fin (vs. short, tips reaching between caudal peduncle and caudal-fin base); caudal fin lanceolate, tip with two or three filamentous rays (vs. caudal fin rounded and without filaments); opercular membranes with blue iridescence, long, extending on anterior portion of pectoral fins (vs. opercular membrane short and hyaline); and flanks metallic blue, with orangish golden spots (vs. never a similar color pattern).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16CFF9E7895FD5DFB10FB1D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Das Mortes – Araguaia – Tocantins river basin, central Brazil (Fig. 22).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16DFFA17895FD70FAC1FB0B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. All material collected in the Araguaia-das Mortes basin. Brazil: Estado de Goiás: UFRJ 6417 (1); UFRJ 6418 (2, c & s); temporary lagoon, road GO- 173, Aruanã, 14 º 57 ’ 0.5 ” S, 51 º 1 ’ 23.7 ” W; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, J. Paz & A. Oliveira, 13 Apr. 2006. Estado de Estado do Tocantins: UFRJ 6403 (26); UFRJ 6405 (8, c & s); UFRJ 6406 (3); temporary pool in rio Formoso floodplains, road BR- 242, 11 º 47 ’ 31.6 ” S, 49 º 45 ’ 54.7 ” W; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, J. Paz & A. Oliveira, 15 Apr. 2006. UFRJ 3796 (22), same locality as UFRJ 6403; D. T. B. Nielsen, A. Carletto & A. de Luca, 6 Apr. 1996. UFRJ 5264 (21); Parque Nacional do Araguaia, ilha do Bananal; G. C. Brasil, D. Almeida & R. D’Arrigo, 20 Feb. 1999. UFRJ 3555 (2); UFRJ 3556 (1, c & s); temporary lagoon near Barreira do Pequi; W. J. E. M. Costa, M. I. Landim, G. C. Brasil & C. Moreira, 15 Feb. 1996. Estado de Mato Grosso: UFRJ 3551 (2), UFRJ 3542 (1, c & s); temporary lagoon 9 km E of rio das Mortes, road MT- 326; W. J. E. M. Costa, M. I. Landim, G. C. Brasil & C. Moreira, 16 Feb. 1996. UFRJ 275 (1); UFRJ 1155 (2); MZUSP 41388 (1); MZUSP 41389 (4); MZUSP 41390 (3, c & s); same locality; G. C. Brasil et al., Jan. 1988.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16DFFA17895FD70FAC1FB0B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of the genus by the following unique morphological features: 27 – 30 caudal-fin rays (vs. 25 – 27), anteroventral portion of flanks with broad orange blotch just posterior to pectoral-fin insertion (vs. three to five oblique orange bars), and distal portion of anal fin with broad bright blue zone in males (vs. no distinctive bright blue zone). Also distinguished from congeners by the following characters in combination: no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases (vs. scales extending onto dorsal and anal-fin bases in males); dorsal profile of head straight to slightly concave in adult males (vs. strongly concave); a few pale orange spots on basal half of anal fin and flank region adjacent to anal fin, these often absent (vs. always conspicuously spotted); and basal half of caudal fin with orange stripes parallel to fin rays in males (vs. with vertical rows of orange spots).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16DFFA17895FD70FAC1FB0B.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 3. Largest male examined 33.4 mm SL, largest female examined 30.6 mm SL. Dorsal profile straight to slightly concave on head, convex from nape to end of dorsalfin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile gently convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Body deep, compressed. Greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout slightly pointed. Dorsal and anal fin long in males, pointed, terminating in long filamentous rays, tips surpassing posterior margin of caudal fin; dorsal and anal fins slightly pointed and short in females. Caudal fin lanceolate in males, with filamentous rays on posterior tip of fin; caudal fin rounded in females. Pectoral fins elliptical, posterior margin reaching vertical between base of 5 th and 7 th anal-fin rays in males, between urogenital papilla and anal-fin origin in females. Pelvic fins elliptical, without filaments; tip of each pelvic fin reaching between base of 5 th and 6 th anal-fin rays in males, reaching to between base of 3 rd and 4 th anal-fin rays in females. Pelvic-fin bases in close proximity medially. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 4 th and 6 th anal-fin rays, and between neural spines of 11 th and 13 th vertebrae. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of 10 th and 11 th vertebrae. Dorsal-fin rays 11 – 13; anal-fin rays 15 – 17; caudal-fin rays 27 – 30; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin rays 8. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body squamation extending over anterior 25 % of caudal fin; no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation F-patterned; E-scales not overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular transverse pattern. No scale anterior to H-scale. Four supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 25 – 26; transverse series of scales 9 – 10; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Three to five contact organs on posterior margin of each scale on ventral portion of flanks in males. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 6 – 7 + 3 – 4, parietal 3, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 24 – 27 + 1, preorbital 4 – 6, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1, preopercular 15 – 16, mandibular 9 – 10, lateral mandibular 6. One neuromast on center of each scale of lateral line of trunk. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal narrow, longest width about 35 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 25 % of basihyal length. Six branchiostegal rays. Three to six teeth on second pharyngobranchial. Gill-rakers of first branchial arch 1 + 6 – 8. Two vomerine teeth. Ventral process of posttemporal absent. Total vertebrae 27 – 28. Coloration. Males: Sides of body metallic blue to purplish blue above anal fin; two or three horizontal rows of small dark orange spots on anterodorsal portion of flank, often posteriorly fused to form stripes; large orange blotch on anteroventral portion of flanks just posterior to pectoral fin insertion; one horizontal row of reddish orange spots (sometimes forming stripe) on lateral midline of caudal peduncle. Dorsum light brown. Venter white. Sides of head metallic blue, with small orange spots; dark gray to black infraorbital bar and triangular, dark orange supraorbital bar. Jaws orange. Iris bright green, with black bar through center of eye. Dorsal fin metallic blue, with rays orange to red on distal portion. Anal fin pale orange, with blue iridescence to light blue on basal portion, sometimes with faint orange spots on subproximal portion; broad bright blue zone on distal portion of fin. Caudal fin metallic blue, with orange stripes parallel to fin rays, two basal stripes shortly extending on caudal peduncle; anterior part of dorsal and ventral margins of fin red. Pectoral fins hyaline. Pelvic fins metallic blue, with orange spots. Females: Sides of body light brownish gray, with longitudinal rows of pale brown dots on dorsal portion of flank. Dorsum light brownish gray. Venter white. Sides of head and jaws gray, pale greenish yellow or pale blue on opercle; dark gray infraorbital bar. Iris yellow, with dark gray bar through center of eye. Fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF16DFFA17895FD70FAC1FB0B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Seasonal swamps, lagoons and pools in the Araguaia – das Mortes river basin, (Fig. 22), in typical savannah areas or transitional regions between savanna and the Amazonian forest.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF153FFA37895FB45FEC3FA79.taxon	description	Maratecoara formosa Costa & Brasil in Costa: 1995 a: 69 (type locality: temporary pool in Brejinho de Nazaré, about 10 ° 59 ’ S, 48 ° 38 ’ W, Estado do Tocantins, Brazil; holotype: MNRJ 12521).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF153FFA37895FB45FEC3FA79.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Brazil: Estado do Tocantins, rio Tocantins basin: MNRJ 12521 (male holotype, 28.5 mm SL); MNRJ 12522 (2 paratypes); MZUSP 46081 (2 paratypes); UFRJ 2112 (4 paratypes); UFRJ 2111 (4 paratypes [c & s]); temporary pool in Brejinho de Nazaré, about 10 ° 59 ’ S, 48 ° 38 ’ W; W. J. E. M. Costa, G. C. Brasil & C. Campinha, 15 Feb. 1994.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF153FFA37895FB45FEC3FA79.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other congeners by the following unique morphological features: body scales extending onto dorsal and anal-fin bases in males (vs. no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases), dorsal profile of head strongly concave in adult males (vs. straight to slightly concave), and basal half of caudal fin with vertical rows of orange spots in males (vs. orange stripes parallel to fin rays). It is also distinguished from congeners by the following characters in combination: 25 – 26 caudal-fin rays (vs. 27 – 30), anteroventral portion of flank with four or five oblique orange bars (vs. broad orange blotch just posterior to pectoral-fin insertion), no distinctive bright blue zone on distal portion of anal fin (vs. broad bright blue zone in males), and a few pale orange spots on basal half of anal fin and flank region adjacent to anal fin, these often absent (vs. always conspicuously spotted).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF153FFA37895FB45FEC3FA79.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 3. Largest male examined 28.5 mm SL, largest female examined 22.3 mm SL. Dorsal profile strongly concave on head, convex from nape to end of dorsal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile slightly convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, approximately straight on caudal peduncle. Body deep, compressed. Greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout slightly pointed. Dorsal and anal fin long in males, pointed, terminating in long filamentous rays, tips surpassing posterior margin of caudal fin; dorsal and anal fins slightly pointed and short in females. Caudal fin lanceolate in males, with filamentous rays on posterior tip of fin; caudal fin rounded in females. Pectoral fins elliptical, posterior margin reaching vertical between base of 4 th and 5 th anal-fin rays in males, between urogenital papilla and anal-fin origin in females. Pelvic fins elliptical, without filaments; tip of each pelvic fin reaching base of 4 th anal-fin ray in males, reaching between base of 1 st and 2 nd anal-fin rays in females. Pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 4 th and 5 th anal-fin rays, and between neural spines of 11 th and 12 th vertebrae. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of 10 th and 11 th vertebrae. Dorsal-fin rays 11 – 14; anal-fin rays 15 – 18; caudal-fin rays 25 – 26; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin rays 8. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except on anterior ventral surface of head. Body scales extending over anterior 30 % of caudal fin; and onto middle of dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation F-patterned; E-scales not overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular transverse pattern. No scale anterior to H-scale. Four supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 25 – 27; transverse series of scales 9; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Three to five contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of ventral portion of flanks in males. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 6 – 7 + 4, parietal 3, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 20 – 22 + 1, preorbital 5, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 2, preopercular 14 – 16, mandibular 8 – 10, lateral mandibular 5. One neuromast on center of each scale of lateral line of trunk. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal narrow, longest width about 35 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 25 % basihyal length. Six branchiostegal rays. Three or four teeth on second pharyngobranchial. Gill-rakers of first branchial arch 1 + 6 – 8. Four or five vomerine teeth. Ventral process of posttemporal absent. Total vertebrae 26 – 27. Coloration. Males: Sides of body metallic blue, with three horizontal rows of small dark orange spots on anterodorsal portion of flank; narrow oblique bars along ventral two thirds of flanks, first four or five bars orange, posterior bars pale purple; and purple stripe on lateral midline of caudal peduncle. Dorsum light brown. Venter white. Sides of head metallic blue, with small orange reticulation; dark gray to black infraorbital bar and triangular, dark orange supraorbital bar. Jaws orange. Iris bright green, with dark gray bar through center of eye. Dorsal fin metallic blue, transverse series of orange spots on basal portion, and rays orange to red on distal portion. Anal fin pale orange, with blue iridescence to light blue on basal portion, sometimes with faint orange spots on sub-basal portion. Caudal fin metallic blue, with transverse rows of dark orange spots on basal half and dark orange stripes parallel to fin rays on distal half of fin; anterior part of dorsal and ventral margins of fin red. Pectoral fins hyaline. Pelvic fins metallic blue, with orange spots. Females: Sides of body light brownish gray, with longitudinal rows of pale brown dots. Dorsum light brownish gray. Venter white. Sides of head and jaws gray, pale greenish yellow or pale blue on opercle; dark gray infraorbital bar. Iris yellow, with gray bar through center of eye. Fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF153FFA37895FB45FEC3FA79.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Seasonal lagoons in the middle rio Tocantins floodplains, (Fig. 22), in a typical savannah area.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF151FFA57895F9F4FBB7FA74.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. UFRJ 6431 (male, 27.8 mm SL); Brazil: Estado do Tocantins: temporary lagoon pool in left rio Canabrava floodplains, rio Santa Tereza drainage, rio Tocantins basin, road TO- 373, between Alvorada and Peixe, 12 º 29 ’ 46.3 ” S, 49 º 0 ’ 50.7 ” W, altitude 292 m; W. J. E. M. Costa, C. P. Bove, J. Paz & A. Oliveira, 16 April 2006. Paratypes. Brazil: Estado do Tocantins: rio Tocantins basin: UFRJ 6432 (4 males, 24.6 – 31.9 mm SL, 5 females, 22.9 – 25.1 mm SL); UFRJ 6433 (2 males, 28.1 – 30.0 mm SL, 2 females, 21.7 – 23.2 mm SL); MCP 40501 (1 male, 27.7 mm SL, 1 female, 24.2 mm SL); collected with holotype.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF151FFA57895F9F4FBB7FA74.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from all other species of Maratecoara in having a distinct color pattern, consisting of conspicuous orange spots on basal half of anal fin and flank region adjacent to anal fin (vs. few pale orange spots, these often absent). Maratecoara splendida is also distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases (vs. body squamation extending onto dorsal and anal-fin bases in males), dorsal profile of head straight to slightly concave in adult males (vs. strongly concave), basal half of caudal fin with orange stripes parallel to fin rays in males (vs. vertical rows of orange spots), anteroventral portion of flank with three or four oblique orange bars (vs. broad orange blotch just posterior to pectoral-fin insertion), and no distinctive bright blue zone on distal portion of anal fin (vs. broad bright blue zone in males).	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF151FFA57895F9F4FBB7FA74.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data appear in Table 3. Largest male examined 31.9 mm SL, largest female examined 25.1 mm SL. Dorsal profile straight to gently concave on head, convex from nape to end of dorsalfin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Ventral profile weakly convex from lower jaw to end of anal-fin base, nearly straight on caudal peduncle. Body deep, compressed. Greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Jaws short, snout slightly pointed. Dorsal and anal fin long in males, pointed, terminating in long filamentous rays, tips surpassing posterior margin of caudal fin; dorsal and anal fins slightly pointed and short in females. Caudal fin lanceolate in males, with filamentous rays on posterior tip of fin; caudal fin rounded in females. Pectoral fins elliptical, posterior margin reaching vertical between base of 4 th and 6 th anal-fin rays in males, between urogenital papilla and anal-fin origin in females. Pelvic fins elliptical, without filaments; tip of each pelvic fin reaching between base of 4 th and 6 th anal-fin rays in males, reaching to base of 2 nd anal-fin ray in females. Pelvic-fin bases in close proximity medially. Dorsal-fin origin on vertical between base of 3 rd and 5 th anal-fin rays, and between neural spines of 12 th and 13 th vertebrae. Anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of 10 th and 12 th vertebrae. Dorsalfin rays 11 – 13; anal-fin rays 15 – 17; caudal-fin rays 25 – 27; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin rays 8. Scales large, cycloid. Body and head entirely scaled, except anterior ventral surface of head. Body scales extending over anterior 25 % of caudal fin; no scales on dorsal and anal-fin bases. Frontal squamation F-patterned; E-scales not overlapping medially; scales arranged in regular transverse pattern. No scale anterior to H-scale. Four to five supraorbital scales. Longitudinal series of scales 24 – 26; transverse series of scales 9; scale rows around caudal peduncle 16. Three to five contact organs on posterior margin of each scale of ventral portion of flank in males. Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 6 – 8 + 3 – 4, parietal 3, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1 + 20 – 22 + 1, preorbital 4 – 5, otic 1, post-otic 2, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 1 – 2, preopercular 13 – 14, mandibular 7 – 10, lateral mandibular 5. One neuromast on center of each scale of lateral line of trunk. Two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Basihyal narrow, longest width about 45 % of length; basihyal cartilage about 30 % of basihyal length. Six branchiostegal rays. Four teeth on second pharyngobranchial. Gill-rakers of first branchial arch 1 + 6. One vomerine tooth. Ventral process of posttemporal absent. Total vertebrae 27. Coloration. Males: Sides of body metallic blue to purplish blue above anal fin, with small orange spots arranged in three horizontal rows on anterodorsal portion of flanks, three horizontal rows on caudal peduncle narrow, and three or four bars on anteroventral portion of flank. Dorsum light brown. Venter white. Sides of head metallic blue, with small orange spots; black infraorbital bar and triangular, dark brown supraorbital bar. Jaws orange. Iris bright green, with black bar through center of eye. Dorsal fin metallic blue, with transverse rows of orange spots or transverse stripes on basal half of fin, distal portion of rays red, filaments dark brown. Anal fin metallic blue, with round orange spots on basal half of fin and distal portion of rays orange. Caudal fin metallic blue, with orange stripes parallel to fin rays. Pectoral fins hyaline. Pelvic fins metallic blue, with orange spots. Females: Sides of body light brownish gray, with longitudinal rows of pale brown dots. Dorsum light brownish gray. Venter white. Sides of head and jaws gray, pale greenish yellow or pale blue on opercle; dark gray infraorbital bar. Iris yellow, with gray bar through center of eye. Fins hyaline.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF151FFA57895F9F4FBB7FA74.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin splendida (splendid), in allusion to the brilliant colors in males of the species.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
03AC878BF151FFA57895F9F4FBB7FA74.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Maratecoara splendida is known only from the type locality, a seasonal lagoon near rio Canabrava, rio Tocantins basin (Fig. 22), in a savannah region.	en	Costa, Wilson J. E. M. (2007): Taxonomy of the plesiolebiasine killifish genera Pituna, Plesiolebias and Maratecoara (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 1410: 1-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175565
