identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AF4162FFD8356EFF693EABFB15FD1C.text	03AF4162FFD8356EFF693EABFB15FD1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraleia Tonnoir	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraleia Tonnoir</p>
            <p> Paraleia Tonnoir, 1929: 611 . Type-species,  Paraleia fulvescens Tonnoir , by original designation. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. C extending slightly beyond R5, R5 ending rather close to wing apex; Sc complete, ending at C on basal third of wing length; h, Sc, sc-r, Rs and M1+2 without macrotrichia, other veins with dorsal macrotrichia; first sector of Rs transverse or almost transverse; r-m long, almost longitudinal, aligned with second sector of R5, this r-m/R5 system pretty much separated from R1. Medial and cubital forks complete, CuA slightly concave, A1 absent on distal third. Laterotergite and mediotergite bare. Gonocoxite with an extension distal to the base of gonostyle, the inner face typically with numerous short spines; gonostyle elongated, with combs of short spines and a long, preapical spine.  Paraleia is unequivocally separated from its closeby relatives in the Leiinae—e.g.,  Leia ,  Leiella ,  Indoleia ,  Clastobasis ,  Rondaniella Johannsen ,  Neoclastobasis Ostroverchova , and  Greenomyia Brunetti—by the rm/R5 complex largely displaced from the anterior margin, actually a uniquely derived feature of the genus. The distal projection of the gonocoxite, posterior to the insertion of the gonostyles, bearing a number of spines, sometimes forming combs, also present in the gonostyle, is also a very distinctive of the species of  Paraleia . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF4162FFD8356EFF693EABFB15FD1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira;Amorim, Dalton De Souza	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira, Amorim, Dalton De Souza (2012): Six new species of Paraleia Tonnoir (Diptera, Mycetophilidae): amphinotic elements at the northern range of the Andes. Zootaxa 3186: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214679
03AF4162FFD93568FF693F52FE29FED7.text	03AF4162FFD93568FF693F52FE29FED7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraleia bolivari	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraleia bolivari ,  sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 2–4, 13–15)</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Three ocelli. Three dark brown maculae across the wing. Gonostyle round apically, with a row of short spines on distal half, and a long spine at apex. Female sternite 8 round apically, with a fringe of brown setae.</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype 3, COLOMBIA, State of Cundinamarca, PNN Chingaza, Bosque Palacio, 04°31’N 73°54’W, 2,939 m, 17.i–04.ii.2001, M1258 (E. Niño Leg.) (IAvH). Paratypes: 1Ƥ, same data as holotype (IAvH); 1Ƥ, COLOMBIA, State of Cundinamarca, PNN Alto de la Bandera, 04°31’N 73°45’W, 3,660 m, 04– 16.ii.2001, M1261 (L. Cifuentes Leg.) (MZUSP).</p>
            <p>Description. Male. Head (Fig. 2). Vertex brown, with scattered, whitish, longer bristles. Mid ocellus smaller, lateral ocelli close to but not touching eye margin. Frons light brown, covered with setulae, clypeus light yellow; labella yellow; maxillary palpus whitish yellow, five palpomeres, last palpomere almost twice length of penultimate, first two palpomeres short. Scape shorter than pedicel, both yellow, first flagellomere light brown on distal half, lighter on basal half, second and third flagellomeres brown, with basal fourth lighter, remaining flagellomeres brown. Thorax (Fig. 2). Pronotum yellowish-brown, with five strong yellow setae, dorsal three stronger, ventral two shorter. Scutum basically brown, dark yellow on anterior corners, above wings, and long dorso-centrals, covered with short scattered setae, stronger dorso-centrals and supra-alars. Scutellum yellow, with four scutellar bristles. Proepisternum light-brown, proepimeron slightly darker, bare. Meso and metapleura brown, entirely bare. Haltere whitish, setose. Fore leg with coxa whitish-yellow, trochanter brown, femur light yellow, except for a brown ventro-basal macula, tibia and tarsus light brown; mid and hind coxae light yellow, with a brown mesal macula, mid femur light yellow, darker ventrally, hind femur light yellow, brown at apical fifth, mid and hind tibiae and tarsi light brown, darker to apex. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, brown, spurs almost twice tibial diameter at apex. Some few dark apical setae on fore tibia, mid and hind tibiae with long, strong, black setae. Wing (Fig. 3). Length, 4.9 mm, width, 1.6 mm. Membrane without macrotrichia, light yellowish brown, darker brown bands at basal third, mid and apex of wing, darker at base of Rs; sc-r present, close to apex of Sc; C extending slightly beyond R5 apex, almost reaching wing tip; Sc complete, reaching C at wing basal third. R1 less than twice r-m length, reaching C at distal third of wing; Rs almost vertical; R5 reaching C close to the wing tip, almost straight; r-m almost longitudinal, about seven times length of base of Rs. M1+2 slightly shorter than r-m; M1 and M2 more than twice length of M1+2; CuA depressed midway to apex; A1 incomplete on distal third. M1, M2, M4, apical third of second sector of CuA and A1 distally with macrotrichia. Abdomen. Tergites 1–6 brown, tergites 2 and 3 lighter; sternites 1–6 whitish yellow mesally, brownish laterally; segment 7 brown, with numerous yellowish setulae. Terminalia yellowish. Terminalia (Fig. 13). Gonocoxite yellowish with brown margins, with extensions distally to the base of the gonostyle, rounded distally, with many short spines at ventral surface; gonostyle long, round distally, with a row of short spines, and a single, long spine at apex; aedeagus thin, long, bifid at distal half; parameres well developed, more sclerotized at apex, involving the aedeagus; cercus covered with setulae; tergite 9 weakly sclerotized, round apically.</p>
            <p>Female. As males, except as follows. Wing (Fig. 4). Length, 4.4 mm, width, 1.5 mm. Brown maculae slightly lighter. Vertex lighter ventrally. Mid and hind coxae and femora darker. Abdominal tergites brown, with lateral margins lighter. Terminalia (Figs. 14–15). Terminalia yellowish-brown, distal margin of sternite 8 round, with a fringe of brown setae; cercus longer than rest of terminalia, basal cercomere longer than apical one.</p>
            <p>Etymology. This species is named after Simon Bolivar (1783–1830), born in Venezuela and responsible for the independence of Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama.</p>
            <p> Comments. One of the  P. bolivari sp. n. females has the wing maculae lighter than the others, but the shape of sternite 8 is similar, so they are considered here as conspecific. The wing pattern in this species is quite similar to that of  P. denticulata sp. n. and  P. sharkeyi sp. n. regarding the disposition of the maculae on the wing membrane, but it is stronger and more conspicuous than in that from the other species, especially on the first section of Rs. The presence of a long gonostyle, with a row of short spines and a single long apical one (Fig. 13) also differentiate  P. bolivari sp. n. from  P. denticulata sp. n. , where the gonostyle shows an irregular row of short spines, as well as a single subapical one (Fig. 18). In the female terminalia, the distal margin of the sternite 8 is very particular in each one of these species: round with a fringe of brown setae in P. b o l i v a r i sp. n. (Figs. 14, 15); wide with a distal incision, brown and long setae in  P. denticulata sp. n. (Fig. 19); and with a deep lateral incision, quite strongly setose in  P. sharkeyi sp. n. (Fig. 22). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF4162FFD93568FF693F52FE29FED7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira;Amorim, Dalton De Souza	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira, Amorim, Dalton De Souza (2012): Six new species of Paraleia Tonnoir (Diptera, Mycetophilidae): amphinotic elements at the northern range of the Andes. Zootaxa 3186: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214679
03AF4162FFDF3567FF693BE5FE82FB90.text	03AF4162FFDF3567FF693BE5FE82FB90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraleia fumosa	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraleia fumosa ,  sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 1, 5–6, 16–17)</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Two ocelli. Wings brown maculae rather inconspicuous, R5 straight. Gonostyle folded distally, with a single spine at apex and a subapical row of spines, gonocoxite projection distal to base of gonostyle with a distal and a ventral rows of spines.</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype 3, ECUADOR, E. Papallacta (Quito/Baeza), 2,900 m, 12–15.i.1971 (L.E. Peña Col.) (MZUSP). Paratypes: 13 2Ƥ COLOMBIA, State of Huilla, PNN Cueva de los Guácharos, Mun. Acevedo, 01°37’N 76°06’W, 2,150 m, 15–19.vi.2003, M3787 (J. Lopes leg.) (IAvH).</p>
            <p>Description. Male. Head. Vertex brown, with scattered, whitish, longer bristles. Two ocelli close to but not touching eye margin, mid ocellus absent. Frons light brown, covered with setulae, clypeus light yellow; labella yellow, maxillary palpus whitish yellow, five palpomeres, last palpomere as long as penultimate, first two palpomeres short. Scape and pedicel of equal length, yellow, first flagellomere yellow on basal half, remaining flagellomeres brown. Thorax. Pronotum yellow, with four strong bristles. Scutum brown, yellow on anterior corners until the middle of scutum, as an anterior-posterior line. Scutellum yellow, four scutellar bristles. Mediotergite and lateral sclerites bare, brown. Pleural membranae yellow, bare. Haltere whitish, knob slightly brownish, setose. Legs yellow. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, spurs almost twice width of tibial apex. Some few dark apical setae on fore tibia, mid and hind tibiae with long, strong, black setae. Wing (Fig. 5). Length, 4.2 mm, width, 1.2 mm. Membrane without macrotrichia, translucent, brown maculae rather inconspicuous across mid and apex of wing, a slightly darker area just posterior to A1. Sc-r present, not strongly sclerotized; C extending slightly beyond R5 apex; Sc complete, reaching C on distal third of wing. R1 shorter than r-m length, reaching C at distal third of wing; Rs transverse; R5 straight, reaching C close to wing apex; r-m almost longitudinal, about seven times Rs length. M1+2 shorter than r-m length; M1 and M2 more than twice length of M1+2; CuA slightly depressed midway to apex; A1 incomplete on distal third. M1, M2, M4, second sector of CuA and A1 setose. Abdomen. Abdomen pubescent. Tergites 1–7 brown, tergites 2–4 with a yellowish distal band; sternites 1–4 yellow, sternite 5 yellow on the basal half, brownish distally, sternites 6– 7 brown. Terminalia yellowish on basal half, brownish apically. Terminalia (Fig. 16). Gonocoxite yellow, with brown margins, extending beyond base of gonostyle, with a row of short spines along distal margin, an additional transverse row of short spines ventrally, and one long spine at apex; gonostyle long, with a distal fold inwards, a row of short spines ventrally close to apex and a single, long spine at apex; aedeagus thin, long, bifid since its base, with small setulae apically; parameres well developed, more sclerotized apically, involving the aedeagus; cercus covered with setulae; tergite 9 less sclerotized, short mesal projection along distal margin.</p>
            <p>Female (Fig. 1). As male, except as follows. Wing (Fig. 6). Length, 4.6 mm, width, 1.4 mm. R-m six times length of Rs first sector. Abdominal tergites 2–5 with apical yellow band; sternites 1–6 yellow, lateral margins brownish, sternite 7 brownish. Terminalia (Fig. 17). Terminalia brownish, distal margin of sternite 8 rounded, with a fringe of brown, long setae; cercus almost as long as rest of terminalia, basal cercomere longer than apical one.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is Latin adjective fumosus, meaning smoky, in reference to the weakly defined, light wing maculae.</p>
            <p> Comments. The holotype wing has the base of vein M1 nearly separated from M1+2, but is otherwise identical to the females. R 5 in all specimens analyzed is particularly straight. The general body coloration of this species is quite similar to P. p e r u v i a n a Edwards, known from Mamara, Peru. In the Edwards original description of P. p e r u v i - ana there are no illustrations of male and female terminalias, but it is possible at this moment to note some differences in the wing maculation. In P. f u m o s a sp. n., the wing membrane shows very weak maculae across medial veins and at anal cell (Figs. 5, 6) and the CuA is not sinuous. On the other hand, in  P. peruviana the wing membrane is maculated at the medial veins; stronger on the first section of Rs, apex of R5, and anal cell; and the CuA is slightly sinuous. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF4162FFDF3567FF693BE5FE82FB90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira;Amorim, Dalton De Souza	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira, Amorim, Dalton De Souza (2012): Six new species of Paraleia Tonnoir (Diptera, Mycetophilidae): amphinotic elements at the northern range of the Andes. Zootaxa 3186: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214679
03AF4162FFD13562FF693A4BFAA7F9CF.text	03AF4162FFD13562FF693A4BFAA7F9CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraleia denticulata	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraleia denticulata ,  sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 7–8, 18–19)</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Three ocelli. Wing with a pair of pretty well defined brown maculae at the mid and apex of the wing, plus a weaker marking distal to A1. Gonostyle widening to the apex, inner surface with a distal row of short spines and a long apical spine, gonocoxite projection distal to the base of gonostyle with an irregular row of short spines and scattered short apical spines. Female sternite 8 with apical border mesally depressed laterally, with short spines distally.</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype 3, COLOMBIA, State of Cundinamarca, PNN Sumapaz Bocatoma, Cerro El Zapato, 04°14’N 74°12’W, 3,560 m, 06–20.xi.2002, M3444 (A. Patiño Leg.) (IAvH). Paratypes 23 same data as holotype (IAvH); 13 idem, but 18.xi–04.xii.2002, M3443 (MZUSP); 43 2Ƥ idem, but 02–17.i.2003, M3442 (IAvH/ MZUSP).</p>
            <p>Description. Male. Head. Vertex brown, with scattered, whitish long bristles. Mesal ocellus small, lateral ocelli close to but not touching eye margin. Frons and clypeus light brown, covered with setulae; labella yellow; maxillary palpus whitish yellow, with five palpomeres, last palpomere almost twice length of penultimate, first two palpomeres short. Scape and pedicel of similar lenght, yellow, first flagellomere lighter on the basal third, second and third flagellomeres brown with lighter basal fourth, remaining flagellomeres brown. Thorax. Pronotum yellow, with five strong yellow setae, four of them stronger dorsally and one smaller ventrally. Scutum brown, dark yellow on anterior corners, above base of wing, and along dorso-centrals; scutum covered with scattered short setae, stronger dorso-centrals and supra-alars. Scutellum yellow, brownish at margins, with four scutellar bristles. Pleural sclerites brown, bare. Pleural membranae yellowish. Haltere whitish, setose. Legs yellow, mid and hind coxae with a brown mesal macula. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, brown, spurs almost twice tibia diameter at apex. Some few dark apical setae on fore tibia, mid and hind tibiae with long, strong black setae. Wing (Fig. 7). Length, 4.5 mm, width, 1.5 mm. Membrane without macrotrichia, yellowish, with one brownish macula across mid of wing and an additional, less well defined mark close to apex, a third inconspicuous mark posterior to A1. C extending slightly beyond R5 apex; sc-r present; Sc complete, ending in C at wing basal third. R1 less than twice r-m length, reaching C at distal third of wing; Rs nearly transverse; R5 reaching C close to wing tip, nearly straight; r-m almost longitudinal, about six times length of first sector of Rs. M1+2 shorter than r-m length; M1 and M2 twice length of M1+2; CuA depressed midway to apex. M1, M2, M4, second sector of CuA setose and A1 setose. Abdomen. Abdomen covered with numerous yellowish setulae. Tergites 1–7 brown, tergites 2–4 lighter than remaining; sternites 1–4, whitish yellow mesally, brownish laterally; sternites 5–6, brownish; sternite 7, brown. Terminalia yellowish basally, brownish apically, tergite 9 yellow, with a brown mesal, transverse band. Terminalia (Fig. 18). Gonocoxite extension distal to base of gonostyle with an irregular row of short spines along basal two thirds, scattered short spines at apex, as well as a single, subapical spine; gonostyle long widening to the apex, inner surface with a row of short spines along distal margin, besides a long, subapical spine; aedeagus thin, bifid at distal two thirds; parameres well developed, more sclerotized at apex, involving aedeagus; cercus covered with setulae; tergite 9 weakly sclerotized, with a shallow mesal depression at distal margin.</p>
            <p>Female. As male, except as follows. Wing (Fig. 8). Length, 4.6 mm, width, 1.6 mm. Wing maculae slightly less conspicuous. All coxae with a brown mesal maculae. Abdominal tergites 2–4 brown with a light transverse, distal stripe. Terminalia (Fig. 19). Terminalia yellow, sternite 8 wide, distal margin wide, with a distal incision, with some brown, long setae along distal margin, and some short spines at laterals; cercus almost as long as rest of terminalia, basal cercomere longer than apical one.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is Latin adjective denticulatus, meaning bearing small teeth, in reference to the short spines at apex of gonocoxite projection.</p>
            <p> Comments. Some specimens have a more inconspicuous maculae and A1 weaker. The male gonocoxite and gonostyle of this species are in somewhat similar to those  P. bolivari sp. n. Paraleia denticulata sp. n. has a single subapical spine at gonocoxite apex and a gonostyle widening to the apex, with an irregular row of short spines, as well as a single subapical one (Fig. 18). On the other hand,  P. bolivari sp. n. doesn’t have the subapical spine at gonocoxite apex and shows a long gonostyle, with a row of short spines and a single long apical one (Fig. 13). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF4162FFD13562FF693A4BFAA7F9CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira;Amorim, Dalton De Souza	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira, Amorim, Dalton De Souza (2012): Six new species of Paraleia Tonnoir (Diptera, Mycetophilidae): amphinotic elements at the northern range of the Andes. Zootaxa 3186: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214679
03AF4162FFD4357CFF6938ECFAB8FCA7.text	03AF4162FFD4357CFF6938ECFAB8FCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraleia tonnoiri	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraleia tonnoiri ,  sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 9, 20)</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Two ocelli. Wings without clear markings. Gonocoxite distal extension with an irregular row of short spines on distal two thirds at inner surface, two regular, parallel, longitudinal rows of short spines near apex, short spines distributed around the apex, and a long subapical spine. Gonostyle long, pointed at apex, with a longitudinal row of short spines at distal fourth, two short rows of spines and a long, subapical spine.</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype 3, COLOMBIA, State of Magdalena, PNN Santa Marta, San Lorenzo, 10°48’N 73°39’W, 2,500 m, 15–30.i.2001, M1186 (J. Cantillo Leg.) (IAvH).</p>
            <p>Description. Male. Head. Vertex brown, with scattered, whitish, longer bristles. Two ocelli close to, but not touching eye margin, mid ocellus absent. Frons and clypeus light brown, with scattered setulae; labella yellow, maxillary palpus whitish yellow, five palpomeres, last palpomere almost twice length of penultimate, first two palpomeres short. Scape and pedicel of equal length, yellow, first flagellomere yellow at basal half, light brown distally, second and third flagellomeres light brown, with basal fourth lighter, distal flagellomeres light brown (flagellomeres 9–14 missing). Thorax. Pronotum yellow, with five strong bristles, three anterior and two mesal. Scutum light brown, two narrow yellow bands beginning on anterior corners and joining in the median region of scutum. Scutellum yellow, four scutellar bristles. Mediotergite and lateral sclerites light brown, bare. Pleural membranae yellow. Haltere whitish, setose. Legs yellow. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, spurs almost twice width of tibia apex. Mid and hind tibiae with long and strong setae. Wing (Fig. 9). Width, 2.4 mm. Membrane without macrotrichia, yellowish, no clear markings. Sc complete, ending in C; sc-r absent; CuA slightly curved midway to apex; A1 weakly sclerotized, absent on distal third. M4, second sector of CuA and A1 setose. Abdomen. Abdomen pubescent. Tergite 1 light brown, tergites 2–6 light brown with a distal yellow band, tergite 7 yellow. Sternites yellow, sternites 6 and 7 with brownish spots. Terminalia (Fig. 20). Terminalia yellow, gonostyle and gonocoxite with brownish distal margin. Gonocoxite distal extension with an irregular row of short spines on distal two thirds at inner surface, two regular, parallel, rows of short spines near apex, and additional short spines around the apex, besides a long subapical spine. Gonostyle long, pointed apically, with a longitudinal row of short spines at distal fourth on inner surface, two short transversal rows of spines, and a long, subapical spine; aedeagus thin, entirely bifid; parameres well developed, more sclerotized at apex, involving aedeagus; cercus not visualized; tergite 9 weakly sclerotized, straight at distal margin.</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific epithet is formed after the Belgian entomologist André Léon Tonnoir (1885–1940), who described a large number of species and genera of  Mycetophilidae from Australia and New Zealand region, including the first known species of  Paraleia . </p>
            <p> Comments. One of the wings of the only specimen known is entirely missing and the other wing has the distal part missing. The aedeagus is bifid from its base to the apex, the presence of only two ocelli and the regular rows of short spines at the apex of gonostyle clearly approximate this species to  P. fumosa sp. n. However the gonocoxite distal extension and wing maculation are very particular in each of these species. The gonocoxites of  P. tonnoiri sp. n. show an irregular longitudinal row of short spines at their inner surface and one apical spine longer and curved (Fig. 20); the wing membrane seems do not have maculation (Fig. 9). In P. f u m o s a sp. n. the gonocoxites have a row of short spines along distal margin, with one very long; an additional transverse row of short spines ventrally (Fig. 16); the wing membrane shows maculae brown close to the wing apex and just posterior to A1 (Figs. 5, 6). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF4162FFD4357CFF6938ECFAB8FCA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira;Amorim, Dalton De Souza	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira, Amorim, Dalton De Souza (2012): Six new species of Paraleia Tonnoir (Diptera, Mycetophilidae): amphinotic elements at the northern range of the Andes. Zootaxa 3186: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214679
03AF4162FFCA357DFF693D56FA51FE34.text	03AF4162FFCA357DFF693D56FA51FE34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraleia nidorosa	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraleia nidorosa ,  sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 10, 21)</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Three ocelli. Wing with a brown macula apically. Female sternite 8 rounded apically, a little depressed at inner margin dorsally, with long setae apically.</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype Ƥ, COLOMBIA, State of Huilla, PNN Cueva de los Guácharos, Mun. Acevedo, 01°37’N 76°06’W, 2150 m, 15–19.xi.2003, M3788 (J. Lopes Leg.) (IAvH).</p>
            <p>Description. Male. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Female. Head. Vertex brownish, with scattered bristles. Three ocelli, mid ocellus small, lateral ones close to but not touching eye margin. Frons and clypeus yellow, covered with short setulae; labella yellow; maxillary palpus whitish yellow, five palpomeres, last palpomere almost twice length of penultimate, first two palpomeres short. Scape and pedicel subequal, yellow, with setulae; flagellomeres 1–4 with basal half yellow, distal half light brown, remaining flagellomeres light brown. Thorax. Thorax predominantly yellow. Pronotum yellow, with three strong bristles near posterior margin. Scutum yellow, with three longitudinal brownish bands, mesal band with a yellow narrow line anteriorly. Scutellum yellow, with four scutellar bristles. Mediotergite brownish, bare, remaining pleural sclerites yellow, bare, pleural membrane yellowish. Haltere with brownish knob and whitish pedicel, setose. Legs yellow, mid and hind tibiae with long, strong black setae. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, spur length almost twice tibial width at apex. Wing (Fig. 10). Length, 4.0 mm, width, 1.3 mm. Membrane without macrotrichia, translucent, with a light brown, rather indefinite macula close to wing apex. C extending slightly beyond R5 apex; Sc complete, reaching C at wing basal third; sc-r absent; R1 about as long as r-m, reaching C beyond distal third of wing; first sector of Rs transverse; R5 reaching C close to wing tip, with a very gentle curve on distal half; r-m almost longitudinal, about six times length of first sector of Rs. M1+2 longer than r-m length; M1 and M2 almost twice M1+2 length; CuA nearly straight along its entire length. M1 and M2 with setae, M4, second sector of CuA and A1 apically with macrotrichia. Abdomen. Abdomen pubescent, covered with setulae. Tergites 1–7 brown. Sternites 1–3 yellow, sternites 4–6 yellow with brownish lateral margins, sternite 7 brownish; distal margin of sternite 8 rounded. Terminalia (Fig. 21). Terminalia brownish, gonapophysis 8 rounded distally, not wide; cercus length subequal to that of rest of terminalia, basal cercomere longer than apical one.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is Latin adjective nidorosus, meaning steam, in reference to the apical inconspicuous macula in the wing membrane.</p>
            <p> Comments. Considering the other female species described here, differences in the wings and shape of the sternite 8 are enough to erect  P. nidorosa sp. n. as a new species despite missing the male specimen.  Paraleia nidorosa sp. n. shows the wing membrane with only a brown macula rather indefinite close to wing apex (Fig. 10) and a female sternite 8 rounded apically, little depressed at inner dorsal margin, with long setae apically (Fig. 21).  Paraleia bolivari sp. n. , P. fu m o s a sp. n.,  P. denticulata sp. n. , and  P. sharkeyi sp. n. , besides the macula on the wing apex, show wing membrane patterned in other regions (Figs. 4, 6, 8, 11) and  Paraleia sp. has the wing hyaline (Fig. 12). The distal margin of sternite 8 of  P. bolivari sp. n. is round with fringe of setae, not depressed at inner dorsal margin (Figs. 14, 15); in P. f u m o s a sp. n. it is rounded with a fringe of long setae (Fig. 17); in P. d e n - ticulata sp. n. it is wide with a distal incision, brown and long setae (Fig. 19); in  P. sharkeyi sp. n. (Fig. 22) it has a deep lateral incision and is quite strongly setose; in  Paraleia sp. is pointed with black setulae along its distal margin. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF4162FFCA357DFF693D56FA51FE34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira;Amorim, Dalton De Souza	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira, Amorim, Dalton De Souza (2012): Six new species of Paraleia Tonnoir (Diptera, Mycetophilidae): amphinotic elements at the northern range of the Andes. Zootaxa 3186: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214679
03AF4162FFC8357EFF693EABFA4CF9A9.text	03AF4162FFC8357EFF693EABFA4CF9A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraleia sharkeyi	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraleia sharkeyi ,  sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 11, 22)</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Three ocelli. Wing with brown, undefined markings. Female sternite 8 distal border with deep lateral incisions at each side, quite strongly setose.</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype Ƥ, COLOMBIA, State of Cundinamarca, PNN Chingaza, Alto de La Bandera, 04°31’N 73°45’W, 3,660 m, 04–10.v.2002, M3218 (A. Garcia Leg.) (IAvH). Paratype. 1Ƥ, same data as holotype, 15.xi–01.xii.2001, M2600 (L. Cifuentes Leg.) (MZUSP).</p>
            <p>Description. Male. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Female. Head. Vertex brown, with scattered, whitish, longer bristles. Mesal ocellus small, lateral ocelli close to but not touching eye margin. Frons and clypeus brown, with scattered setulae; labella yellow; maxillary palpus whitish yellow, five palpomeres, length of last palpomere almost twice the penultimate, first two palpomeres short. Scape and pedicel subequal in length, yellow, apical half of first flagellomere light brown, basal half lighter, second and third flagellomeres brown with lighter basal fourth, remaining flagellomeres brown. Thorax. Pronotum yellow, with four strong yellow setae, three stronger, dorsally, one smaller, ventrally. Scutum brown, dark yellow on anterior corner, above wings, along line of dorso-centrals. Scutum with short scattered setae, stronger dorso-centrals, and supra-alars. Scutellum yellow, with four scutellar bristles. Pleural sclerites brown, bare. Pleural membranae brown. Haltere whitish, setose. Legs yellow, mid and hind coxae with a brown mesal macula. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, brown, spurs almost twice width of tibial apex. Some few dark apical setae on fore tibia, mid and hind tibiae with long, strong black setae. Wing (Fig. 11). Length, 4.5 mm, width, 1.6 mm. Membrane with few macrotrichia scattered on anal cell, brown rather undefined transverse markings at basal third, around base of cubital fork, mid of wing, distal to first sector of Rs and base of medial fork, and across distal third of R5, besides an inconspicuous macula anteriorly to r-m. C extending considerably beyond apex of R5; Sc complete, ending in C at wing basal third; sc-r present. R1 clearly shorter than r-m, reaching C at distal third of wing; Rs almost transverse; R5 relatively short, reaching C before level of M1; r-m almost longitudinal, about seven times length of first sector of Rs. M1+2 almost as long as r-m length; length of M1 and M2 more than twice M1+2 length; CuA clearly depressed midway to apex. M1 and M2, apical half of M4 and second sector of CuA setose, A1 bare. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites brown, sternites light brown. Terminalia (Fig. 22). Terminalia yellow. Distal border of the sternite 8 with deep lateral incisions at each side, quite strongly setose; cercus longer than rest of terminalia, basal cercomere longer than apical one.</p>
            <p>Etymology. This species is named after the American entomologist Michael Sharkey.</p>
            <p> Comments. There is some minor variation at wing maculation between the specimens of the type series. This species is very similar morphologically to  P. bolivari ,  sp. n. and  P. denticulata sp. n. , with differences in the wing maculation and in the shape of sternite 8.  Paraleia sharkeyi sp. n. has stronger maculae on wing membrane just after the first section of Rs, apex of R5, and around base of cubital fork (Fig. 11), and sternite 8 with a deep lateral incision, which is quite strongly setose (Fig. 22).  Paraleia bolivari sp. n. has the wing membrane strongly at the first section of Rs, at wing apex, at base and apex of cubital fork (Figs. 5, 6), and a sternite 8 round with fringe of setae (Figs. 14, 15); in  P. denticulata sp. n. the wing membrane is inconspicuous maculated at the first section of Rs and at the wing apex (Figs. 7, 8), and the sternite 8 is wide with a distal incision, brown and long setae (Fig. 19). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF4162FFC8357EFF693EABFA4CF9A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira;Amorim, Dalton De Souza	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira, Amorim, Dalton De Souza (2012): Six new species of Paraleia Tonnoir (Diptera, Mycetophilidae): amphinotic elements at the northern range of the Andes. Zootaxa 3186: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214679
03AF4162FFC83579FF693852FF17FA8D.text	03AF4162FFC83579FF693852FF17FA8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paraleia	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Paraleia sp. </p>
            <p>(Figs. 12, 23)</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Two ocelli. Wing nearly translucent. Female sternite 8 pointed, with some black setulae along distal margin.</p>
            <p>Material examined. 1Ƥ, COLOMBIA, State of Cundinamarca, PNN Chingaza, Bosque Palacio, 04°31’N 73°54’W, 2,939 m, 17.i–04.ii.2001, M1258 (E. Niño Leg.) (IAvH). 1Ƥ State of Boyacá, SFF Iguaque, Cabana Mammaramos, 05°25’N 73°27’W, 2,855 m, 23.v–08.vi.2000, M146 (P. Reina Leg.) (IAvH). 2Ƥ State of Huilla, PNN Curva de los Guácharos, Mun. Acevedo, 01º37’N 76°06’W, 2,150 m, 15–19.vi.2003, M3787 (J. Lopes Leg.) (MZUSP).</p>
            <p>Description. Female. Head. Vertex lighter ventrally, with scattered, whitish, longer bristles. Two ocelli close to but not touching eye margin, mid ocellus absent. Frons light brown, covered with scattered setulae, clypeus light yellow; labella yellow; maxillary palpus whitish yellow, five palpomeres, last palpomere length almost twice penultimate, first two palpomeres short. Scape smaller than pedicel, both yellow, apical half of first flagellomere light brown, basal half lighter, second and third flagellomeres brown with lighter basal fourth, remaining flagellomeres brown. Thorax. Pronotum yellowish-brown, five strong yellow setae, three stronger, dorsally, and two smaller, ventrally. Scutum dark yellow, with a small, undefined latero-posterior brown macula. Scutellum yellow mesally, brownish at margins, with four scutellar bristles. Antepronotum and proepisternum light yellow, bare. Pleural sclerites brown, bare, katepisternum, mesepimeron and laterotergite each with a yellowish mesal macula, metepisternum light yellow. Legs light yellow, darker to apex, hind coxa with a brown mesal macula. Tibial spurs 1:2:2, brown, spurs almost twice width of tibial apex. Some few dark apical setae on fore tibia, mid and hind tibiae with long, strong, black setae. Haltere whitish, setose. Wing (Fig. 12). Length, 4.8 mm, width, 1.7 mm. Membrane without macrotrichia, hyaline. C extending slightly beyond R5; Sc complete, reaching C at basal third of wing; sc-r present. R1 pretty shorter than r-m length, reaching C beyond distal third of wing; first sector of Rs almost transverse, directed basalwards distally; R5 reaching C close to wing tip; r-m almost longitudinal, about five times length of first sector of Rs. M1+2 obviously shorter than r-m length; medial fork long, M1 and M2 more than twice length of M1+2; CuA slightly depressed midway to apex. M1 and M2, M4, second sector of CuA and A1 setose. Abdomen. Abdominal tergites 1–7 brown, with a whitish band at distal margin, and yellow brown lateral bands on tergites 2– 7. Sternites almost entirely whitish yellow, with slender, irregular brown bands laterally. Terminalia (Fig. 23). Terminalia yellow. Sternite 8 pointed, with some black setulae along the distal margin; cercus almost longer than rest of terminalia, basal cercomere longer than apical one.</p>
            <p> Comments. In most of the  Paraleia species studied here, there is not much color variation between males and females, but there are a few exceptions. The female specimens included here as  Paraleia sp. show some variation concerning the presence of a brown spot basally at the hind coxa (which is missing in some specimens), and yellowish spots may be present or absent on the brownish anepisternum and katepisternum. Interestingly, all these females have identical female terminalia, suggesting that, despite some variation in coloration, these specimens may be conspecific. These females, on the other hand, are similar to the male of  P. tonnoiri sp. n. for most details of the morphology, including the number of ocelli, but were collected in different localities in Colombia. In  P. tonnoiri sp. n. the coloration of the scutum is brown with two narrow yellow bands joining posteriorly, a feature present in one of the specimens of  Paraleia sp., less evident in the remaining females. At this stage, the fact that the distal part of the wing is missing in  P. tonnoiri sp. n. and that there are no males collected together with the females included here under  Paraleia sp. makes it advisable not to propose a separate species name for these latter specimens. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF4162FFC83579FF693852FF17FA8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira;Amorim, Dalton De Souza	Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira, Amorim, Dalton De Souza (2012): Six new species of Paraleia Tonnoir (Diptera, Mycetophilidae): amphinotic elements at the northern range of the Andes. Zootaxa 3186: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.214679
