identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AF1C72DA1AFFDAFF53FEB7FFCB3FF6.text	03AF1C72DA1AFFDAFF53FEB7FFCB3FF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoscalibregma Ashworth 1901	<div><p>Genus Pseudoscalibregma Ashworth, 1901</p><p>Type species. Pseudoscalibregma parvum (Hansen, 1879)</p><p>Diagnosis. Body elongated,arenicoliform.Prostomium with frontal horns.Peristomium as a single ring, encompassing prostomium dorsally and forming mouth upper lip ventrally; lower lip formed from elements of peristomium and chaetiger 1. Posterior parapodia with dorsal and ventral cirri; interramal papillae present; postchaetal lamellae absent. Branchiae absent. Chaetae include capillaries, lyrate chaetae, and sometimes few inconspicuous spinous chaetae among capillaries of chaetigers 1 to 2, blunt, pointed, or bifurcated, representing homologues of lyrate chaetae found on following chaetigers; large conspicuous spines absent. Pygidium with long anal cirri.</p><p>Remarks. Ashworth (1901) erected the genus Pseudoscalibregma, and included three species: P.parvum (Hansen, 1879), P. longisetosum (Théel, 1879) and P. reticulata (McIntosh, 1885) . Both P. reticulata and P. longisetosum were previously considered as members of the currently invalid genus Eumenia Örsted, 1843 . Day (1961) examined the type material of Eumenia reticulata McIntosh, 1885 and questioned Ashworth’s (1901) transference to the genus Pseudoscalibregma; consequently Furreg (1925) treated this species as a synonym of P. parvum . So, Day (1967) concluded that E. reticulata must be referred to as Hyboscolex reticulata (McIntosh, 1885) . Hartman (1978) referred the genus Eusclerocheilus Hartman 1967 to Pseudoscalibregma, afterwards Blake (1981) confirmed this synonymy. Kudenov &amp; Blake (1978) transferred P. aciculata Hartman, 1967 to Oligobregma aciculata (Hartman, 1967) and delimited the diagnostic characteristics of both Pseudoscalibregma and Oligobregma Kudenov &amp; Blake, 1978 . Blake (1981) continued advances on the taxonomy of the genus, combining P. collaris Levenstein, 1975 and P. bransfieldia collaris Hartman, 1978 and described a new species Oligobregma collare Blake, 1981 . In addition, Blake also corrected the wrong replacement of E. bransfieldia Hartman, 1967 with Hyboscolex bransfieldia (Hartman, 1967), made by Blake &amp; Kudenov (1978), transfering H. bransfieldia to P. bransfieldium (Hartman, 1967) . More recently, Bakken et al. (2010) and Bakken et al. (2014) synonymized: Scalibregma parvum, Eumenia longisetosa Théel, 1879 and P. logisetosum (Théel, 1879), to P. parvum, giving priority to Hansen’s (1879) name. Scḩller (2008), Imajima (2009), Blake (2015) provide the most recent taxonomic revision and Blake (2023) describe new species in this genus and extending its distribution to abyssal depths.</p><p>Currently, Pseudoscalibregma is a small genus, with ine valid species: a) P. parvum (Hansen, 1879) from Norwegian Sea, North Atlantic; b) P. pallens Levenstein, 1962 from Kermadec Trench, Pacific Ocean; c) P. bransfieldium (Hartman, 1967) from Bransfield Strait, Antarctica; d) P. usarpium Blake, 1981 from Ross Sea, Antarctica; e) P. hartmanae (Blake, 1981) from Weddel Sea, Antarctica; f) P. papilia Sch ̧ller, 2008 from South Sandwich Islands, Southern Atlantic; g) P. orientalis Imajima, 2009 from Kashima Sea, Pacific Ocean; h) P. palmeri Blake, 2015 from East Antarctic Peninsula; and i) P. glandipodium Blake, 2023 from Eastern Australia, Pacific Ocean (Blake 1981, Scḩller 2008, Parapar et al. 2021, Blake 2023). Most of these species occur on soft bottoms at great depths, being reported from all oceanic regions (Parapar et al. 2021). Possible occurrences from the Brazilian coast may be related to species formally reported from the Antarctic and Atlantic oceans, including P. bransfieldium, P. usarpium, P. hartmanae, P. papilia and P. palmeri (Blake 1981; Scḩller 2008; Blake 2015).</p><p>This genus belongs to a subgroup of scalibregmatids with an “arenicoliform” body, presenting both dorsal and ventral cirri on parapodia and lacking acicular spines on anterior chaetigers (Ashworth 1901; Day 1967; Kudenov &amp; Blake 1978; Blake 1981; Kudenov 1985; Blake 2015; Blake 2020; Blake 2023). Importantly, the presented diagnosis followed Blake (2015), and the only character that separates Pseudoscalibregma from Scalibregma Rathke, 1843 is the absence of branchiae on body chaetigers in the first and presence in the second, especially on chaetigers 2–5. Ashworth (1901) established the first taxonomic arrangement of the family, separating the species in two groups related to the general body shape. This has been followed until recently and Kudenov &amp; Blake (1978) expanded Ashworth’s proposal. However, we reinforce that the taxonomic arrangement of the family proposed by Ashworth (1901) and by Blake &amp; Kudenov (1978) is problematic, due to the overlap of several characters between genera (Blake 2000; Blake 2015; Parapar et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF1C72DA1AFFDAFF53FEB7FFCB3FF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mendes, Samuel Lucas Da Silva Delgado;Paiva, Paulo Cesar De;Rizzo, Alexandra E.	Mendes, Samuel Lucas Da Silva Delgado, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De, Rizzo, Alexandra E. (2024): New species of Pseudoscalibregma Ashworth, 1901 (Annelida: Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867) from Brazil. Zootaxa 5399 (1): 19-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.1.2
03AF1C72DA19FFDEFF53FE13F8413F4E.text	03AF1C72DA19FFDEFF53FE13F8413F4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoscalibregma ermindae Mendes & Paiva & Rizzo 2024	<div><p>Pseudoscalibregma ermindae sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1–3</p><p>https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 8CD6BEB7-1EB2-4D7A-9EBD-F91C3DAC30E1</p><p>Type material. UERJ 9205 (Holotype): SANSED4, H10 R1, 24°13’22.4400”S, 041°31’35.4000”W, 1,912 m, coll. 25 Jul 2019; UERJ 9206 (Paratype): SANSED1, A9 R2, 27°19’19.9200”S, 046°31’20.6400”W, coll. 15 Jun 2019, 1,305 m .</p><p>Diagnosis. Body arenicoliform, expanded over chaetigers 5–11. Body surface covered by continuous rows of smooth annuli. Rounded prostomium, with two short and rounded horns, pointing laterally. Chaetigers 1–2 biannulated, from then chaetigers triannulated throughout. Dorsal and ventral cirri present from chaetiger 15. Spines present from chaetiger 1–2, 4–5 per fascicle, with pointed tips. Lyrate chaetae present on chaetiger 3, 4–5 per fascicle, with unequal tynes.</p><p>Description. Holotype complete, 20 mm long, 4 mm wide across expanded anterior region and 1.8 mm wide across narrow posterior region, with 32 chaetigerous segments. Large sized species, Paratype measuring 30 mm long to 3 mm wide across expanded anterior region and 1.5 mm wide across narrow posterior region for 33 chaetigerous segments. Body arenicoliform, expanded over chaetigers 5–11. Pale tan in alcohol. Body surface covered by continuous rows of secondary annuli; both anterior and posterior regions without conspicuous small pads on each secondary annulus; each annulus may present small individual dark blue glands within, consisting of entangled cellular tubules, located marginally along each row.</p><p>Rounded prostomium, with two short and rounded horns, both projected laterally (Figs 1A, 2A–B, 3A). Eyes absent. Nuchal organs not observed. Peristomium achaetous, uniannulated dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 1A). Proboscis smooth. Ventral groove present from chaetiger 2, with uni or biannulated rectangular pads, paired to each chaetiger (Figs 1A, 2B). Posterior pads squared to rectangular, poorly marked and smaller.</p><p>Chaetigers 1–2 biannulated, triannulated from chaetiger 3-onwards (Figs 1A, 2A–B). Dorsal and ventral cirri present from chaetiger 15; cirri blunt (Figs 1D, 2C, 3C, E). Densely entangled dark blue to black tubular glands at midlength of cirri in all cirriferous chaetigers (Figs 2C, 3E–F). Interramal papillae present from chaetiger 15, as rounded projection with granular content within, folded by inconspicuous conical shaft (Fig. 2C–D). Parapodial lobes inconspicuous on anterior chaetigers; beginning with broad base with pointed tips, forming ellipsoid-like structure, from midbody to posterior chaetigers (Figs 1D, 2C).</p><p>Short spinous chaetae present from chaetiger 1–2, 4–5 per fascicle, with pointed tips (Figs 1C, 3D). Lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 3 (Figs 1B, 2F), numbering 4–5 in each fascicle, with fine bristles and unequal tynes (tynes’ length ratio: 2.29). Capillaries in 3 rows on anterior body and 2 rows on posterior body. Pygidium structure obscure on analyzed specimens, but with a short and fusiform terminal margin, tip crenulated, lacking anal cirri (Fig. 2E).</p><p>Remarks. This species is morphologically similar to P. bransfieldium (Hartman, 1967), P. papilia Sch ̧ller, 2008 and P. glandipodium Blake, 2023 . Pseudoscalibregma glandipodium was described from Australia, whereas P. papilia and P. bransfieldium are known to occur in South Atlantic and Antarctic waters (Blake 1981; Scḩller 2008; Blake 2023). Pseudoscalibregma ermindae sp. nov. and P. papilia share more morphological similarities, such as a prostomium with short, rounded horns, the presence of spinous chaetae on chaetiger 1 and lyrate chaetae with unequal tynes. However, members of P. ermindae sp. nov. differ from those of P. papilia by the presence of lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 3, inflated dorsal and ventral cirri and conspicuous interramal papillae from mid to posterior chaetigers; whereas specimens of P. papilia present lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 2, foliaceous dorsal and ventral cirri and lack interramal papillae. On the other hand, P. bransfieldium is easily separated from all its congeners, including this new species, by the presence of a prominent nuchal crest on prostomium. Finally, members of P. ermindae sp. nov. can be morphologically distinguished from individuals of P. glandipodium by the presence of an interramal papillae from midbody and posterior chaetigers, and spinous chaetae on chaetigers 1–2, replaced by lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 3, whereas in specimens of P. glandipodium interramal papillae and spinous chaetae are both absent.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet “ ermindae ” was chosen to honour the Brazilian polychaete researcher and marine ecologist Dra. Erminda da Conceiç„o Guerreiro Couto at “Santa Cruz State University” (UESC) for her important contributions to Brazilian marine science and to celebrate our friendship.</p><p>Ecology. Apart from P. papilia and P. glandipodium, abyssal records (Blake 2023), P. glandipodium, P. papilia, P. bransfieldium also have reports from non-abyssal depth intervals, but still deeper than shallow subtidal ranges. These records varied from 400–3,000 meters deep. The type material representing P. ermindae sp. nov. was sampled from a bathymetric range varying from 1,305 to 1,928 m deep, in muddy sediments. Hence, they also lie within the bathymetric interval of 400–3,000m shared by P. glandipodium, P. papilia, and P. bransfieldium species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF1C72DA19FFDEFF53FE13F8413F4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mendes, Samuel Lucas Da Silva Delgado;Paiva, Paulo Cesar De;Rizzo, Alexandra E.	Mendes, Samuel Lucas Da Silva Delgado, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De, Rizzo, Alexandra E. (2024): New species of Pseudoscalibregma Ashworth, 1901 (Annelida: Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867) from Brazil. Zootaxa 5399 (1): 19-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.1.2
03AF1C72DA1DFFD1FF53FDCBFCC53F62.text	03AF1C72DA1DFFD1FF53FDCBFCC53F62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoscalibregma magalhaesi Mendes & Paiva & Rizzo 2024	<div><p>Pseudoscalibregma magalhaesi sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 4–5</p><p>https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 6944B20D-3505-4F22-B6DC-3188CFC6E609</p><p>Type material. UERJ 8749 (Holotype): AMBES1, FOZ13 R2, 19º 47’ 32,83” S, 39º 43’ 15,08” W, coll. 15 Dec 2010, 41 m; UERJ 8748 (Paratype): AMBES1, FOZ13 R1, 19.792453 S, 39.720856 W, coll. 15 Dec 2010, 41 m.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized species; with trapezoidal prostomium and pair of eyes. Ventral groove present from chaetiger 1, with first and second pads fused to each other, asymmetrical, and rounded anteriorly, contributing to mouth’s formation. Chaetiger 1 triannulated, quadriannulated from chaetiger 2 onwards. Dorsal and ventral cirri from chaetiger 14, gradual changing in size and shape from midbody to posterior chaetigers. Interramal papillae from chaetiger 14. Spinous chaetae on chaetigers 1–2, 4–5 per fascicle, curved at midlength, with pointed tips. Lyrate chaetae present from chaetiger 3, 4–5 per fascicle, with uneven tynes.</p><p>Description. Holotype complete, 7 mm long, 1 mm wide across expanded anterior region, 0.2 mm wide across narrow posterior region, with 40 chaetigerous segments. Medium sized species, juvenile Paratype measuring 1.5 mm long, and 0.1 wide for 23 chaetigerous segments. Body arenicoliform, expanded on chaetigers 7–12. Pale tan in alcohol. Body surface covered by secondarily annulated rings. Anterior region secondary annuli composed by inconspicuous rectangular pads, hardly conspicuous on type material under stereomicroscopy. Ventrally and dorsally, these pads may present small individual dark blue to blackish glands within, consisting of entangled cellular tubules at center of each pad.</p><p>Trapezoidal prostomium, with a pair of long and thin horns, both projected laterally (Figs 4A, 5A). Eyes present, on the middle of prostomium (Figs 4A, 5A). Nuchal organs observed on paratype, as dorso-lateral sac-like everted structure between prostomium and peristomium. Peristomium achaetous, biannulated (Fig. 4A). Proboscis not observed. Ventral groove present from chaetiger 1, with first and second pads fused to each other, asymetrical, participating in mouth’s formation (Fig. 4A). Following pads paired to one chaetiger only. Pads from chaetiger 3 symmetrical, squared to rectangular on anterior and midbody chaetigers, poorly marked and smaller posteriorly.</p><p>Chaetiger 1 triannulated, quadriannulated from chaetiger 2 onwards (Figs 4A, 5A). Dorsal and ventral cirri present from chaetiger 14. Dorsal and ventral cirri triangular, gradually changing in size and shape from their beginning, on chaetiger 14, to final chaetigers (Figs 4D–F, 5G–H); first cirri as broad rounded bases terminating by smooth tip; bases gradually thinner and longer as cirri progressively enlarge; densely packed dark blue to blackish tubular glands fill cirri within (Fig. 5D–F). Interramal papillae from chaetiger 14, as rounded structure, with granular contents within (Fig. 5D). Parapodial lobes gradually changing in size and shape (Figs 4D–F, 5G–H); asymmetrical on anterior chaetigers, with broader and rounded bases on mid-body chaetigers, and with thin lanceolate tip on posterior chaetigers. Parapodial lobes progressively smaller and thinner as cirri enlarge, from mid-body to posterior chaetigers (Figs 4D–F, 5G–H).</p><p>Spinous chaetae present from chaetigers 1–2, 4–5 per fascicle, curved at mid-length, with pointed tips (Figs 4B, 5B). Lyrate chaetae present from chaetiger 3 (Figs 4C, 5C), 4–5 per fascicle, with subequal tynes (tynes’ length ratio: 1.3). Capillaries organized in 3 rows anteriorly, 2 rows in mid-body and 1–2 rows in posterior body chaetigers; chaetiger 1 reduced, with shorter chaetae; from chaetigers 1–5, anterior rows progressively longer, all about same length from chaetiger 6 onwards. Pygidium damaged on analyzed specimens.</p><p>Remarks. The new species presents morphological affinities to P. usarpium Blake, 1981, P.palmeri Blake, 2015, and P. orientalis Imajima, 2009 . Members of all those species have long prostomial horns, squared to trapezoidal prostomium, lyrate chaetae with subequal tynes and short spinous chaetae on anterior chaetigers. Members of P. glandipodium also have relatively long horns, but they lack spinous chaetae on first chaetigers, differing from all its congeners, including the new species herein described. Specimens of P. magalhaesi sp. nov. have triannulated chaetiger 1, chaetigers quadriannulated from chaetiger 2 onwards. This is different from members of P. usarpium, which have quadriannulated anterior chaetigers, while individuals of P. orientalis have all chaetigers biannulated, and members of P. palmeri have biannulated chaetigers 1–2, quadriannulated on midbody chaetigers, and triannulated on posterior body chaetigers. In specimens of P. orientalis, the lyrate chaetae first appear on chaetiger 2, whereas in members of P. usarpium, P. palmeri and P. magalhaesi sp. nov. they begin from chaetiger 3.</p><p>Some important differences between specimens of these species come from their parapodial cirri. Pseudoscalibregma orientalis and P. palmeri present atypical cirri morphologies, long and digitate cirri on specimens of P. orientalis, asymmetrical on P. palmeri chaetigers. On the other hand, P. usarpium and P. magalhaesi sp. nov. present the typical parapodial cirri morphology, considering species of Pseudoscalibregma . The major differences between P. usarpium and P. magalhaesi sp. nov. concerns the relation of size and shape among parapodial lobes and cirri through the body. Pseudoscalibregma usarpium, dorsal cirri are always shorter than parapodial lobes and there is no gradual change on parapodial lobes and cirri along the body.Additionally, individuals of the species mentioned above do not have any kind of photoreceptors on prostomium, except for P. magalhaesi sp. nov. Regarding bathymetric range, P. usarpium, P. orientalis and P. palmeri share a similar depth of up to 2000 m deep, occupying deeper waters than P. magalhaesi sp. nov., which was collected from about 40 m deep.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet “ magalhaesi ” was chosen in honour to the Brazilian polychaete researcher Dr. Wagner Magalh„es at Bahia Federal University (UFBA), for his important contributions to polychaete science, especially on cirratulids taxonomy, and to celebrate our friendship.</p><p>Ecology. This species was found on shallower waters when compared to its congeners and to the new species described in this work. Both holotype and paratype were found in the same sampling station, at 41 meters deep, near “Rio Doce” river mouth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF1C72DA1DFFD1FF53FDCBFCC53F62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mendes, Samuel Lucas Da Silva Delgado;Paiva, Paulo Cesar De;Rizzo, Alexandra E.	Mendes, Samuel Lucas Da Silva Delgado, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De, Rizzo, Alexandra E. (2024): New species of Pseudoscalibregma Ashworth, 1901 (Annelida: Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867) from Brazil. Zootaxa 5399 (1): 19-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.1.2
03AF1C72DA12FFD5FF53FDA7FE5C3F54.text	03AF1C72DA12FFD5FF53FDA7FE5C3F54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoscalibregma parapari Mendes & Paiva & Rizzo 2024	<div><p>Pseudoscalibregma parapari sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 6–8</p><p>https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 5BF234D7-44E7-4B07-A47A-3F89974F64EF</p><p>Type material. UERJ 9169 (Holotype): AMBES12; CANWN6 R2, 19º 53’ 27,27” S, 39º 32’ 59,82” W, coll. 28 Jun 2013, 970 m, complete. UERJ 9221 (Paratype): AMBES16, CANWN7 R1, 19.969844 S, 39.527303 W, coll. 13 Jan 2012, 1,300 m, complete, in two halves. UERJ 9218 (Paratypes): AMBES12, CANWN6 R1, 19º 53’ 27,27” S, 39º 32’ 59,82” W, coll. 13 Jan 2012, 1,023 m, 2 spec, 1 incomplete anterior fragment and 1 complete.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body arenicoliform, expanded over chaetigers 4–11. Body surface covered by secondarily annulated rings, each made by inconspicuous rectangular pads anteriorly and smaller squared to rectangular pads posteriorly. Chaetiger 1 biannulated dorsally and ventrally, chaetigers 2–3 triannulated, quadriannulated from chaetiger 4 onwards. Dorsal and ventral cirri present from chaetiger 14. Spines present on chaetigers 1–2, 5 per fascicle, with pointed tips. Lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 2, 4–5 per fascicle, with subequal tynes.</p><p>Description. Holotype complete, 4 mm long, 1 mm wide across expanded anterior region, 0.4 mm wide across narrower posterior region, with 33 chaetigers. Small sized species, Paratypes measuring 3.5–5mm long, 0.2 mm – 1 mm wide, for 30–35 chaetigers. Body arenicoliform, expanded over chaetigers 4–11. Colour in alcohol pale tan to yellowish. Body surface covered by secondarily annulated rings, each one formed by inconspicuous rectangular pads anteriorly and smaller squared to rectangular pads posteriorly. Pads sometimes with small individual dark blue or black glands within, due to entangled cellular tubules.</p><p>Rounded prostomium, with 2 short spherical horns, both projected laterally (Figs 6A; 7A, B; 8A). Eyes absent. Nuchal organs not observed. Peristomium achaetous, as single annulus both dorsal and ventrally (Figs 6A, 7A–B). Proboscis smooth. Mouth’s superior lip nature obscure in type material. Inferior lip with up to 6 lobules, these formed by the contribution of ventral groove’s first pad. Ventral groove present from chaetiger 1, first pad as part of mouth, followed by paired triannulated pads on each chaetiger, forming a mid-line ridge throughout (Figs 6A, 7C). Posterior pads poorly marked and smaller than anterior pads.</p><p>Chaetiger 1 biannulated both dorsal and ventrally, chaetigers 2–3 triannulated, quadriannulated from chaetiger 4 onwards (Figs 6A, 7A, B). Parapodial lobes rounded anteriorly; from mid-body to posterior chaetigers, parapodial lobes rounded to squared dorsally, subtriangular to ellipsoid ventrally, parapodial lobes always shorter than cirri (Figs 6D–F, 7G);parapodial gradually changing to thinner and smaller from mid-body onwards. Dorsal and ventral cirri present from chaetiger 14; fist cirri as rounded projections with smooth tips, then subtriangular and finally lanceolated on posteriormost chaetigers (Figs 6D–F, 7E–H), all with large tubular glands within. Interramal papillae from chaetiger 14, knob-like, with thin tubular glands within (Figs 6D, 7G).</p><p>Short spinous setae present from chaetiger 1, 5 per fascicle, with pointed tips (Fig. 8B). Lyrate chaetae present from chaetiger 2 (Figs 6B, 7D), 4–5 per fascicle, with subequal tynes (tynes’ length ratio: 1.2). Capillaries organized in 2 rows anteriorly, 1 one row posteriorly. Parapodial lobes reduced on chaetiger 1, with smaller chaetae. Pygidium triannulated, damaged on all specimens, but a short terminal margin, from which emerges a crown with about 15 lobules (Fig. 7I, 8C). Pygidial cirri missing.</p><p>Remarks. The new species is close to P. parvum (Hansen, 1879), P. usarpium (Blake, 1981), and P. palmeri (Blake, 2015) in the shape of prostomium, and body annulation. However, P. palmeri and P. usarpium possess lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 3, whereas in P. parapari sp. nov. and P. parvum lyrate chaetae emerge from chaetiger 2. Interestingly, P. parvum diverges morphologically from them by the presence of spinous chaetae with bifurcated tips. Members of all these species share lyrate chaetae with similar tynes ratio.</p><p>Regarding the secondary body annulations, P. usarpium is unique in the genus due to its complex annulation pattern, being quadriannulate on anterior chaetigers and pentannulate on posterior chaetigers. Pseudoscalibregma parapari sp. nov. chaetiger 1 is biannulated, chaetigers 2–3, triannulated, and quadriannulated from chaetiger 4 onwards. This pattern also differs P. parvum, which have two rows of pads on notopodia plus a single row of pads separating superior and inferior transverse limits of chaetigers (Bakken et al. 2014). Pseudoscalibregma palmeri and P. parapari sp. nov. present a similar annulation pattern, differing on posterior chaetigers, which are quadriannulated in P. parapari sp. nov. and triannulated in P. palmeri . Importantly, as mentioned above, P. parapari present a rounded prostomium, lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 2, and notopodial and neuropodial lobes differing in shape; whereas P. palmeri present a squared prostomium, lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 3 and parapodial lobes of same conical shape.</p><p>Despite of the absence of reproductive characters, all type specimens of P. parapari sp. nov. have at least 30 chaetigers, exceeding the 22–24 chaetiger stage (sensu Blake 2015).This information is relevant, because this species is relatively smaller than its congeners, but when a scalibregmatid with dorsal and ventral cirri on parapodia reach this number of chaetigers, it is probably out of the cryptic “ Pseudoscalibregma -like” ontogenetic state observed by Blake (2015). Hence, important features such as the emergence order of lyrate chaetae, spinous chaetae and presence of branchial lobes on first chaetigers can be determined without confusing juveniles as adults.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet “ parapari ” was chosen to honor the polychaete researcher Dr. Julio Parapar at Universidad Da Coruña (UDC, Spain), for his contributions to the polychaetes taxonomy, ecology, and morphology, and specially for his recent review on the family Scalibregmatidae, providing an updated list of valid species and directing important topics for future research.</p><p>Ecology. Finally, except for P. parvum from shallow records, P. usarpium, P. palmeri share similar bathymetric records, not exceeding the range of 500 to 2,000 meters deep. The new species P. parapari sp. nov. was sampled from a bathymetric range varying from 970–1,300 m deep, on predominantly muddy sediments. Hence, this species also lies within the bathymetric interval of the congeners P. usarpium and P. palmeri, that are not abyssal species, but also do not occur in intertidal to shallow subtidal zones.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF1C72DA12FFD5FF53FDA7FE5C3F54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mendes, Samuel Lucas Da Silva Delgado;Paiva, Paulo Cesar De;Rizzo, Alexandra E.	Mendes, Samuel Lucas Da Silva Delgado, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De, Rizzo, Alexandra E. (2024): New species of Pseudoscalibregma Ashworth, 1901 (Annelida: Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867) from Brazil. Zootaxa 5399 (1): 19-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.1.2
03AF1C72DA16FFD6FF53FDB4F8F43B82.text	03AF1C72DA16FFD6FF53FDB4F8F43B82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoscalibregma Ashworth 1901	<div><p>Key to Pseudoscalibregma Ashworth (1901) species, with type localities of each species</p><p>1. Peristomium papillated.................................... P. hartmanae (Blake, 1981); Weddel Sea, Antarctica</p><p>- Peristomium without papillae........................................................................ 2</p><p>2(1). Nuchal crest present on prostomium posterior margin... P. bransfieldium (Hartman, 1967); Bransfield strait, Antarctica.</p><p>- Prostomial nuchal crest absent....................................................................... 3</p><p>3(2). Spinous chaetae absent................................. P. glandulopodia Blake, 2023; Australia, Pacific Ocean.</p><p>- Spinous chaetae present............................................................................ 4</p><p>4(3). Lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 2...................................................................... 5</p><p>- Lyrate chaetae from chaetiger 3...................................................................... 8</p><p>5(4). Interramal papillae absent..................... P. papilia Sch ̧ller, 2008; South Sandwich Islands, Southern Atlantic.</p><p>- Interramal papillae present.......................................................................... 6</p><p>6(5). Spinous chaetae with bifurcated tips..................... P. parvum (Hansen, 1879); Norwegian Sea, North Atlantic. Spinous chaetae with single pointed tips............................................................... 7</p><p>7(6). Rounded prostomium with short cylindrical horns; smooth proboscis; parapodial cirri initially rounded, progressively thinner and pointed on posterior chaetigers; chaetiger 1 biannulated, chaetigers 2-3 triannulated, then chaetigers quadriannulated........................................................ P. parapari sp. nov. South Atlantic</p><p>- Squared to trapezoidal prostomium with strong conical horns; papillated proboscis; all parapodial cirri digitate; all chaetigers biannulated................................. P. orientalis Imajima, 2009; Kashima Sea, Pacific Ocean.</p><p>8(4). Horns shorter than the half of prostomium width.............................. P. ermindae sp. nov. South Atlantic</p><p>- Horns longer than half prostomium width.............................................................. 9</p><p>9(8). Chaetiger 1 quadriannulated; parapodial cirri always smaller than parapodial lobes......................................................................................... P. usarpium Blake, 1981; Ross Sea, Antarctica.</p><p>- Chaetiger 1 triannulated or biannulated; parapodial cirri longer than parapodial lobes, at least on posterior chaetigers... ............................................................................................... 10</p><p>10(9). Squared prostomium; ocelli absent; chaetigers 1-3 biannulated, quadriannulated from chaetiger 4-16, then triannulated posteriorly................................................. P. palmeri Blake, 2015; East Antarctic Peninsula.</p><p>- Trapezoidal prostomium; ocelli present; chaetiger 1 biannulated, chaetigers quadriannulated from chaetiger 2 onwards..................................................................... P. magalhaesi sp. nov. South Atlantic</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AF1C72DA16FFD6FF53FDB4F8F43B82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mendes, Samuel Lucas Da Silva Delgado;Paiva, Paulo Cesar De;Rizzo, Alexandra E.	Mendes, Samuel Lucas Da Silva Delgado, Paiva, Paulo Cesar De, Rizzo, Alexandra E. (2024): New species of Pseudoscalibregma Ashworth, 1901 (Annelida: Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867) from Brazil. Zootaxa 5399 (1): 19-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5399.1.2
