taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AF87A18529FFAB46325F82FB07D785.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Porcellidium Claus, 1860	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18529FFAB46325F82FB07D785.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antennule of adult male subchirocer, six segmented, less than half body width, segment 3 partly fused with segment 4, coupling denticles on ventral surface of segment 4; antenna exopod of one segment with six setae; large mandibular palp, anterior lobe with four bulbous setae, posterior lobe with one annulate seta and five bulbous setae, endopod with nine setae; cephalosome surrounded bY hyaline membrane (in one genus the hyaline membrane is located on the ventral surface of the cephalosome) with eight embedded border sensilla (six or seven sensilla in species where the anterior border of the cephalosome is turned ventrallY); epipleural lobe of metasome segment 3 expanded in male, reduced in female; urosome consists of 5 th somite, genital double-somite, anal somite and caudal furca; furca composed of two flat plates or rami each with seven setae, setae never longer than ramus, (α and β dorsal, γ terminal, plus four terminal setae [may be reduced to three or two in some species]); strong sexual dimorphism. Generic composition. Porcellidium Claus, 1860; Tectacingulum Harris, 1994; Murramia Harris, 1994; Brevifrons Harris, 1994; Acutiramus Harris & Robertson, 1994; Clavigofera Harris & Iwasaki, 1996 b; Kushia Harris & Iwasaki, 1996 b; Kensakia Harris & Iwasaki, 1997; Mucrorostrum Harris & Iwasaki, 1997; Dilatatiocauda Harris, 2002; Porcelloides gen. nov.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18529FFAB44A7587DFB81D1D4.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Porcellidium viride (Philippi, 1840).	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18529FFAB44A7587DFB81D1D4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis [an alternative (apomorphic) character state is known for all characters marked with an asterisk]. Spermatophore elongate * (sausage shaped), female receives only one spermatophore during her life span, usually deposited on ventral surface of the genital double-somite at time of metamorphosis from stage V copepodid to adult, attachment to female ephemeral (shed before egg laying starts); bodY oval *, dorsoventrallY compressed *; male cephalosome truncated anteriorly *, female not truncated anteriorlY *; animals do not conglobate *; dorsal organs absent *, no massive honeYcomb-like cuticle; hYaline border surrounds cephalosome *, marginal glands open dorsal to hYaline border *; female genital double-somite broad *, divided into anterior and posterior lobes *, rounded posteriorlY *, lateral striations absent *; male genital somite never fused to metasome segment 4 and P 5 baseoendopod *; female caudal ramus rectangular *, setae T 1 to T 4 always present * (T 1 may be recessed), never pinnately clavate or evenlY spaced *; no ridge-plates on labrum *; six setae on maxillule endopod *; maxilliped coxae touch in midline *, basis with fimbriate process *; limbs P 2, P 3, P 4 with three external spinous setae on exopod segment 3 *; P 5 shorter than genital double-somite *, ventral expansion absent *; male antennule segment 3 setae δ and δ' alwaYs present *, anterior comb absent *, blade or knob-like ventral process may be present, segment 4 with three denticles *, brush-pad never present *; male P 5 trapezoid with six setae *. Species composition. Porcellidium viride (Philippi, 1840); P. fimbriatum Claus, 1863; P. roscoffensis (Bocquet, 1948) comb. nov. (northeast Atlantic coast of Europe and Mediterranean Sea); P. rubrum Pallares, 1966 (Argentina); P. erythrum Hicks, 1971 (Aotearoa, New Zealand); P. hartmannorum Tiemann, 1978; P. algoense Hicks, 1982 (East and West coast of South Africa); P. hormosirii Harris & Robertson, 1994; P. ocellum Harris & Robertson, 1994; P. pulchrum Harris & Robertson, 1994; P. erythrogastrum Harris & Robertson, 1994; P. naviculum Harris & Robertson, 1994; P. phyllosporum Harris & Robertson, 1994; P. londonarum Harris, 1994 (name correction for P. londonii by Wells, 2007); P. rastellum sp. nov. (East Coast of Australia); P. ofunatense Harris & Iwasaki, 1996; P. kiiroum Harris & Iwasaki, 1996; P. akashimum Harris & Iwasaki, 1996; P. wandoensis Kim & Kim, 1997; P. brevicavum Kim & Kim, 1997 (Japan and Korea).	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18523FFA4462B59AAFB6AD1B9.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 3	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18523FFA4462B59AAFB6AD1B9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. HOLOTYPE adult male, length 0.55 mm, P 81207; ALLOTYPE adult female, length 0.80 mm, P 81208, collected from Sargassum sp., sublittoral, Pontoon Rocks, Ballina, NSW, Australia, (28 ° 52 ' S 153 ° 36 ' E), V. A. Harris, 1982. PARATYPE specimens P 81209 (20 ♀♀, 10 ♂♂, 10 ♂♂ + juvenile) and paratYpes P 88552, P 88553, P 88554, all deposited at AM, Sydney. Specimens from the type series and Cronulla, SYdneY (50 ♀♀, 30 ♂♂ + 50 ♂♂ coupled to juv. ♀), deposited at NHM, London.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18523FFA4462B59AAFB6AD1B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Female rostrum horizontal bar, (in ventral view not V-shaped (Fig. 1 I), anterior edge of cephalosome folded ventrallY (Fig. 1 D), hYaline border not modified; maxilla with conspicuous rake-like claw (Fig. 2 G); P 1 exopod segment 1 with conspicuous crescent of denticulate setules, endopod with extensive lateral and medial peg areas consisting of minute denticles arranged in rows (Fig. 2 E); male antennule first seta on segment 2 same length as second seta, no plumulose setae on segment 2, segment 3 without ventral process, three denticles on segment 4 none are denticulate pads; female P 5 with broad medial dorsal expansion (Fig. 1 C). Spermatophore elongate, ephemeral on female. Biometric data. Females (N = 15): maximum length (Lmax) 0.79 mm, range 0.76 – 0.81 mm, body length to end of genital double-somite (Lurs) 0.77 mm, range 0.74 – 0.81 mm; cephalosome width (W) 0.55 mm, range 0.54 – 0.56 mm; rostrum width (R) 0.12 mm; genital double-somite width 0.28 mm, length 0.19 mm, arch 0.9 mm; caudal ramus length 0.12 mm, width 0.05 mm. Ratios: Lurs / W 1.41; W / R 4.6; genital double-somite w / l 1.5; caudal ramus 15 % of Lurs, ramus, l / w 2.4, Hicks’ index for α 72 %, for β 14 %. Males (N = 9): maximum length (Lmax) 0.55 mm, body length (Lurs) 0.54 mm; cephalosome width 0.45 mm; antennule length 0.135 mm. Ratios: Lurs / W 1.2; antennule 30 % of Lurs; segment 2 30 %, segment 3 + 4 46 % and dactYlus 23 % of antennule length.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18523FFA4462B59AAFB6AD1B9.taxon	description	Description. Adult females (Fig. 1 A; Plate 1 A, p. 67): colour pale yellow, rostrum a horizontal bar in ventral view (Fig. 1 I, not V-shape), wide (W / R = 4.2). The anterolateral edge of the cephalosome and hyaline border is folded ventrally as far as the second border sensillum, but without modification in structure (Fig. 1 D), hyaline border 8 – 10 µm wide, granular in appearance. Dorsal pits are conspicuous, very few dorsal sensilla. Labrum without ridge plates. Genital double-somite (Fig. 1 F) bordered with strong setules, dorsal surface pitted, anterior and posterior lobes separated by deep notch, posterior lobe rounded, arch about half length of genital double-somite. Caudal rami rectangular (Fig. 1 E), dorsal surface with pits, no setules on medial or lateral edges, terminal setae pinnate, T 1 not recessed, T 2 and T 3 close together, T 4 set in from medial corner which is slightly bevelled, β seta close to posterior border, fringe of setules on posterior edge between T 3 and medial corner (Fig. 1 H). Structure and setation of ambulatory limbs and mouthparts typical of family. Basis of antenna with oblique double row of setules (Fig. 2 A), endopod segment 2 with three lateral setae, end part of geniculate setae plain, terminal claw comb-like. Mandible (Fig. 2 F) with strong molar process, small group of setules on anterior lobe of palp, maxillule (Fig. 2 C), maxilla endopod with conspicuous rake-like or ctenoid claw (Fig. 2 G), maxilliped (Fig. 2 B) normal. First ambulatory limb P 1 with conspicuous crescent of rod-like denticles parallel to edge of exopod segment 1, endopod has broad band of denticles down medial edge and a large latero-central area of denticles which occupies nearlY 1 / 4 of the area anterior to the fimbriate crescent, denticles are minute and arranged in parallel rows, endopod l / w = 1.35 (Fig. 2 E). Serrulate spinous seta on P 2 endopod segment 3 almost as long as endopod (Fig. 3 A). Serrate spinous seta on P 3 endopod segment 2 (Fig. 2 F) shorter than endopod (0.8: 1), large serrate spinous seta on segment 3 much longer than endopod (1.4: 1). P 4 endopod segments 2 with straight serrulate spinous seta, serrulate spinous seta on segment 3 J-shape (Fig. 3 B). Ventral seta on baseoendopod of P 5 reaches back to level of lateral seta on exopod, P 5 exopod (Fig. 1 C) lanceolate with broad dorsal medial expansion which partly covers genital double-somite (Fig. 1 A, C), there are two sub-apical dorsal setae and one short apical seta, dorsal surface of P 5 pitted. Females carry eight or 10 eggs in brood chamber. Adult males (Fig. 1 B) colour, dorsal pits and hyaline border as for female. Cephalosome truncated, shoulders smoothly rounded, lateral corner of antennule socket not prominent, anterior edge of cephalosome and hyaline border reflexed ventrallY (as in female) but not modified. Dorsal surface of genital double-somite pitted. Caudal ramus (Fig. 1 G, J) with bevelled medial corner makes ramus appear pentagonal, dorsal surface with pits. Setae as for female with β seta close to posterior border, T 1 not recessed, T 4 set in at base of bevelled medial corner, posterior fringe of setules extends past T 4 along bevelled edge. Antennule (Fig. 2 D) segment 2 short triangular without plumulose setae, first seta not longer than 1.5 times other setae on segment, no ventral process or blade on segment 3, segment 4 with three coupling denticles, dactylus short, broad, segment 6 very small. Remaining limbs as for female except that P 2 endopod has only two terminal setae (Fig. 3 D) and setae on P 4 endopod segments 2 and 3 are not spinous (Fig. 3 E). P 5 trapezoid with ventral row of setules to lateral seta but no setules at base of terminal setae, dorsal surface pitted (Fig. 3 C).	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18523FFA4462B59AAFB6AD1B9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the rake-like claw on the maxilla, (L. rastellum = a small rake Fig. 2 G).	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18523FFA4462B59AAFB6AD1B9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Porcellidium rastellum differs from most other members of the genus in the large areas of very small denticles that appear to be arranged in rows on the ventral (anterior) surface of the P 1 endopod. Another unusual feature is the way in which the anterior part of the cephalosome border is folded ventrally. This results in a portion of the hYaline border lYing in a ventral position. However, this does not correspond to the condition in Tectacingulum because there is no modification of the hYaline border and onlY the anterior part of the border is reflexed. Figure 3. Porcellidium rastellum sp. nov. Female: (A) P 2; (B) P 4; (F) P 3. Male: (C) P 5; (D) P 2 endopod; (E) P 4 endopod. Scale bar: A – F = 0.09 mm.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18523FFA4462B59AAFB6AD1B9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species has been recorded as abundant on several algal species from Nambucca, northern NSW (30 ° 37 ' S) to Broulee (35 ° 52 ' S), but not from HerveY BaY, Queensland (25 ° 15 ' S) or Eden, southern NSW (37 ° 06 ' S). Collected from Sargassum sp., Ballina, Bal 12.11 / 82, 162 ♀♀, 44 ♂♂ + 90 ♂♂ coupled to juvenile female: Nambucca, Nb 6.11 / 82, 141 ♀♀, 160 ♂♂ mostlY coupled. Rhodymenia? TYpe series, Ballina, Bal 14.11 / 82, 225 ♀♀, 176 ♂♂. Lobophora sp., Cronulla, Sydney, Cr 19.8 / 75: Cr 33.2 / 77, 100 +, V. A. Harris 1975, 1977, 1982.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18527FFBB46365AD5FBB2D05E.taxon	description	Figs 4 – 8	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18527FFBB46365AD5FBB2D05E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Due to the apparent absence of a type specimen for Philippi’s Thyone viridis, a male specimen, (identified as Porcellidium viride from Brady’s illustration of the antennule) is here designated NEOTYPE to give taxonomic stability to the genus Porcellidium and to allow sufficient definition of the specific characteristics to ensure recognition of Porcellidium viride. Neotype designation. NEOTYPE adult male with antennules extended, length 0.63 mm, P 90778 deposited at theAustralian Museum, SYdneY; collected from Laminaria digitata, Clachan, Seil Sound, Oban, Scotland (56 ° 19 ' N 5 ° 35 ' W), V. A. Harris 1997. Material examined (specimens here determined to be conspecific with the neotYpe): an adult female with egg mass detached, length 0.92 mm (AM P 90779) and other specimens (20 ♀♀, 8 ♂♂ and coupled ♂ + juv. ♀, AM P 89054), deposited at AM, Sydney. Specimens from the same locality and species of seaweed (100 ♀♀, 50 ♂♂ and 6 ♂♂ + juv. ♀, and 4 slide mounted specimens) have been deposited at NHM, London. Slide material in NHM, London (Porcellidium 339) and NMI, Dublin (see Appendix 1 and 2). Living material, identified as Porcellidium viride from a species specific feature of the male antennule shown in Brady’s (1880) illustration, was collected from Castle Head, Dale, Pembrokeshire (51 ° 42 ' N 5 ° 10 ' W), Clachan, Seil Sound, Oban, Scotland (56 ° 19 ' N 5 ° 35 ' W) and Loch HYne, Co. Cork, Ireland (51 ° 30 ' N 9 ° 17 ' W) and is part of the material examined. The following description is based on the neotype and this material examined.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18527FFBB46365AD5FBB2D05E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male antennule segment 2 with first (proximal) seta more than twice length of second or third seta, five setae on segment 2 finelY plumulose, segment 3 with ventral process or “ peg ”, three coupling denticles on segment 4 are conspicuous denticulate pads, dactylus (segment 5) expanded, hooked distallY, segment 6 inconspicuous; ventral surface of male rostrum smooth, no U-shaped wrinkles or ridges, ventral surface of female rostrum V-shape (Fig, 6 F); female caudal ramus rectangular, l / w = 2, terminal setae T 2 and T 3 thin, plain, very close together, posterior border between setae T 3 and T 4> 1 / 2 width of ramus, Hicks’ index for β seta 45 – 50 %; boundarY between anterior and posterior lobes of female genital double-somite marked by a clear triangular area without border setules or dorsal pits, border of posterior lobe with three sensilla at edge; male P 5 exopod almost rectangular, posterior angle 80 °; females carrY 24 eggs. Spermatophore elongate, ephemeral on female. Biometric data. Females (N = 50): maximum length (Lmax) 0.91 mm, body length to end of genital double-somite (Lurs) 0.89 mm, range 0.83 – 0.95 mm; cephalosome width (W) 0.60 mm, range 0.56 – 0.62 mm; rostrum width (R) 0.15 mm; genital double-somite width (N = 5) 0.38 mm, length 0.26 mm; caudal ramus length (N = 15) 0.14 mm [ramus dissected, laid flat], width 0.06 mm. Ratios: Lurs / W 1.48; W / R 4.0; genital double-somite 63 % of cephalosome width, w / l 1.45; caudal ramus 16 % of Lurs, l / w 2.3, Hicks’ index for β seta 50 %. Males (N = 16): maximum length 0.62 mm, body length to end of genital segment 0.49 mm; cephalosome width 0.52 mm; antennule (N = 7, fullY extended) 0.15 mm; apical angle of P 5 75 – 80 °; spermatophore length 0.21 mm. Ratios: male antennule 30 % of cephalosome width; antennule segment 2, 33 %, segment 3 + 4 37 %, dactYlus 24 % of antennule length; first seta on segment 2 of antennule is 2.5 – 2.8 times length of seta 2; spermatophore 43 % of bodY length Lurs.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18527FFBB46365AD5FBB2D05E.taxon	description	Description. Adult females (Fig. 4 A; Plate 1 B, p. 67): pale yellow or colourless with variable patches of dark blue / purple on cephalosome and posterior of bodY (see Figs 4 A, 8 A, F, G, H, I and Remarks below). Cephalosome semicircular, rostrum broad (w / l 4.2), V-shape in ventral view (Fig. 6 F). HYaline border with eight border sensilla surrounds cephalosome, 10 µm wide. Dorsal surface ornamented with circular pits 4 – 5 µm, surface ridge near antennule socket (Fig. 8 B, C), ventral surface of cephalosome smooth (not wrinkled). Labrum with oval patch of minute setules (Fig. 4 F). Genital double-somite (Fig. 4 C) broad, semicircular in outline, no cleft or notch but clear triangular area without border setules or dorsal pits marks boundary between anterior and posterior lobes, three very small sensilla at edge of posterior lobe (Fig. 4 D). Posterior arch deep (1 / 2 length of genital double-somite), encloses almost whole of caudal rami. Genital opening (Fig. 4 E). Caudal rami (Fig. 4 B) long, rectangular, feint ridges on dorsal surface, β seta half waY down ramus, γ seta and pinnate T 1 slightlY recessed at lateral corner, T 2 and T 3 plain, slender, very close together (T 2 pinnate on some specimens), space between T 3 and T 4 greater than half width of ramus, T 4 pinnate at medial corner (Fig. 4 G). Some of the setae on segment 2 of female antennule finelY plumulose (Fig. 5 A). Structure and setation of mouthparts and ambulatory limbs typical of family. Antenna (Fig. 5 B), endopod segment 2 with two lateral setae, ends of geniculate setae plain, claw comb-like (Fig. 5 C). No patch of setules on anterior lobe of mandibular palp (Fig. 5 E). Maxillule (Fig. 5 G) with single bulbous seta on exopod, six setae on endopod. Coxae of maxilliped meet in midline (Fig. 5 H). Limb P 1, endopod segment 1 triangular, broad (l / w = 0.95), peg area inconspicuous (Fig. 5 F). Serrulate spinous seta on segment 2 of P 3 endopod (Fig. 6 G) almost as long as endopod (0.9: 1), large serrate spinous terminal seta on segment 3 longer than endopod (1.4: 1). Spinous setae on P 4 endopod segment 2 and 3 (Fig. 6 C) longer than endopod (1.3: 1). P 5 exopod lanceolate with two plain dorsal setae (one sub-terminal and one apical), minute third seta present on some specimens (Fig. 6 H). Females carrY 24 eggs per brood. Adult males (Fig. 8 A; Plate 1 D, p. 67). Dark blue / purple area only on cephalosome, posterior of body colourless. Cephalosome truncated, anterior border straight, shoulder tightlY rounded. HYaline border, dorsal pits and ventral surface of cephalosome as for female, no ridges or wrinkles on ventral surface of rostrum. Caudal ramus sub-quadrate (l / w 0.75), medial edge straight, lateral edge convex, dorsal surface with feint ridges, β seta 1 / 2 waY down ramus (Fig. 8 E). First seta on antennule segment 2 more than twice length of second and third seta (Figs 7 G), five plumulose setae on segment 2. Segment 3 with knob-like ventral process (no blade). Segment 4 with three conspicuous denticulate coupling denticles, (in some views they may appear as two denticulate pads, compare Figs 7 A and 8 D). Aesthetasc short (more than twice length of segment 3 + 4). Segment 5 of dactYlus broad, 3 / 4 length of segments 3 + 4, hooked terminally, segment 6 very small, fused to segment 5 (Fig. 7 F). Other limbs as for female except for the following: P 2 endopod with two plumose terminal setae (Fig. 6 E), setae on segments 2 and 3 of P 4 endopod all plumose (Fig. 6 D), P 5 rhomboid (almost rectangular, Figs 7 B, C), first (lateral) seta longer than other setae, no setules at base of terminal setae, apical angle of P 5 80 °. Spermatophore 1 / 3 bodY length.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18527FFBB46365AD5FBB2D05E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although Brady’s Porcellidium viride can be identified, the same does not applY to Philippi’s Thyone viridis. The reason Brady thought his animal was the same as Philippi’s Thyone viridis is the similarity of the P 5 limbs. He saYs “ There seems little reason to doubt the identitY of this species [P. viride] with Philippi’s Thyone viridis; the serration of the lower border of the fifth foot is verY distinctive … ”, but this is a feature of nearly all male members of the Porcellidiidae. It may seem strange that Brady thought his animals the same as Philippi’s, but it is clear from his description and figure that he thought his own copepodid was an adult female. Brady had found P. tenuicauda (which he illustrates), and the adult female of P. viride which he identifies as P. fimbriatum, thus the only other animal he could compare with his (male) copepodid was Thyone viridis. It is important, therefore, to consider whether BradY’s sYnonYmY is justified. Philippi gave a short (Latin) diagnosis of Thyone and then an extremely brief description of his T. viridis, “ Almost 3 / 4 " long, common. Masticatory apparatus extremely complicated ”. The only clue to the animal’s identity is a confusing sketch (Fig, 25 A). It shows an animal with six segments to its antennule, but they are not transformed like an adult male members of the Porcellidiidae. This tells us that it is not an adult male or male copepodid: it must be an adult female. But the posterior end of the body clearly shows male P 5 limbs with six terminal setae and quadrate caudal rami, therefore Philippi’s animal must be a sage IV or V male copepodid. Thus there is a conflict as to the sex of the animal. The shape of the body is even more confusing (see Fig. 24 A). It is egg-shaped and sharply truncated anteriorly with maximum width 1 / 3 down bodY. Adult animals of Claus’ P. tenuicauda are egg-shaped, but neither male nor female is truncated anteriorly. The males of both P. viride and P. fimbriatum are truncated anteriorly, but are not egg-shaped nor do they taper posteriorly. The females of these two species are oval and not truncated anteriorly. The copepodid of P. viride illustrated bY BradY (1880) is not egg-shaped; the posterior half is broadly semicircular like other copepodids (Fig. 25 B). It is clear that Philippi’s animal cannot be identified with anY of the European species nor can BradY be justified in thinking it was the same as his animal. Philippi does not say whether he designated type specimens for his animal and no evidence has been found that suggests he did. Brady would not have provided a type specimen for his Porcellidium viride because he regarded it as a synonym for T. viridis. However, BradY (1880) illustrates the male antennules of P. viride which show the unique long first seta on segment 2. This feature is species specific and has not been found on any other member of the family. It allows the species to be identified with a high degree of certaintY and is the basis on which the present redescription of Porcellidium viride rests. Sars (1904) also shows this long seta in his illustration of Porcellidium fimbriatum which proves that his animals were P. viride. Specimens from Wales and Scotland have a variable dorsal colour pattern of dark blue or purple on a pale yellow bodY colour (Figs 4 A, 8 F, G, H, I and Plate 1 B, D, p. 67). The frequency of colour variability found in one sample is shown below (Table 1). Animals collected from Loch HYne, Ireland, have a single pale pink dorsal patch (Fig. 4 E). Collection data. Porcellidium viride has been collected from the following algae. Himanthalia elongata at Great Castle Rocks, Dale, Pembrokeshire Wales, (CB 7.7 / 70, 209 ♀♀, 88 ♂♂, 4 coupled ♂♂ + juvenile), V. A. Harris 1970, 1974. Laminaria saccharina at Clachan, Seil Sound, Oban, Scotland ES 12.9 / 74, 71 ♀♀ (18 with eggs), 21 ♂♂, 4 ♂♂ coupled to juveniles; ES 14.9 / 74, 14 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; ES 17.9 / 74, 85 ♀♀ (7 with eggs), 60 ♂♂, 13 ♂♂ coupled to juveniles; ES 18.9 / 74 (holdfasts), 55 ♀♀, 12 ♂♂, 2 ♂♂ coupled to juveniles. Laminaria digitata at Clachan, Seil Sound, Oban, Scotland ES 19.10 / 74, 55 ♀♀, 12 ♂♂; ES 20.10 / 74, 58 ♀♀, 23 ♂♂; ES 23.9 / 97, 41 ♀♀, 9 ♂♂; ES 25.9 / 97, 55 ♀♀ (25 with eggs), 39 ♂♂, 2 ♂♂ coupled to juveniles, V. A. Harris 1970, 1974, 1987, 1997. Ulva lactuca at Loch HYne, near Skibbereen, Co. Cork, Ireland LH 3.9 / 97, 8 ♀♀, 6 ♂♂, V. A. Harris, 1997. Samples collected from Laminaria digitata also contain populations of P. fimbriatum.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1853EFFB147F95AD5FD61D0EB.taxon	description	Fig. 9 – 12	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1853EFFB147F95AD5FD61D0EB.taxon	description	Robertson, 1994: 301; HuYs et al., 1996: 308; Walker- Smith, 2001: 656; Wells, 2007: 79. P. viride. — Lang, 1948: 420. P. lecanoides. — Norman & Scott, 1906: 182. Thyone viridis. — Vervoort, 1964: 119.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1853EFFB147F95AD5FD61D0EB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. The description and illustrations Claus gave of P. fimbriatum (1863) are misleading for they do not show a single species specific character that would confirm the animal’s identity. It is possible that Claus was looking at mixed material because, as shown above, P. fimbriatum and P. viride may be found in the same sample. In 1889 Claus redescribed his P. fimbriatum giving eight or more species specific characters which should have cleared up any misunderstanding between the two species, but his synonymies show that he believed his animals were the same species as Brady’s P. “ fimbriatum ” which is known to be the female of P. viride. Moreover, P. lecanoides Claus, 1889 is a junior synonym for P. viride. In order to stabilize the taxonomy of Porcellidium fimbriatum in the apparent absence of a type specimen, a male with antennules extended to show species specific features has been selected as a NEOTYPE for Porcellidium fimbriatum Claus, 1863. Neotype designation. NEOTYPE adult male with antennules extended, to show coupling denticles, length 0.56 mm, P 92561 deposited at the Australian Museum, SYdneY; collected from Laminaria saccharina, LW spring tide at Clachan, Seil Sound, Oban, Scotland (56 ° 19 ' N 5 ° 35 ' W), V. A. Harris, September 1997. Material examined (specimens determined to be conspecific to the neotYpe): slide material in NHM (Porcellidium 339), (see Appendix 1); specimens from Castle Heads, Dale Pembrokeshire, Wales (51 ° 42 ' N 5 ° 10 ' W) and Clachan, Seil Sound, Oban, Scotland (56 ° 19 ' N 5 ° 35 ' W), identified as P. fimbriatum from Claus (1889); specimens collected from Laminaria digitata at Clachan, Scotland, AM P 89055 (15 ♀♀, 8 ♂♂ + 3 coupled ♂♂, V. A. Harris, 1997). Other specimens (60 ♀♀, 30 ♂♂ + 8 coupled ♂♂, V. A. Harris, 1997) and slide mounted dissections have been deposited at NHM, London. The following description is based on the neotype and material examined.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1853EFFB147F95AD5FD61D0EB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. No finelY plumulose setae on male antennule segment 2, first seta on segment 2 not longer than remaining setae, short blade-like ventral process on segment 3, three coupling denticles on segment 4 (proximal with serrated edge, two distal denticles small, botryoidal, no denticulate pad present), dactYlus short (<1 / 2 length of segment 4) segment 5 not expanded, segment 6 clearly visible, not fused to segment 5; no U-shaped wrinkles on ventral surface of male rostrum; female caudal ramus long, rectangular (l / w = 2.7 – 2.8), terminal setae T 1 – T 4 all conspicuously pinnate, gap between T 3 and T 4 <1 / 2 width of ramus, Hicks’ index for β seta 25 %; female genital double-somite with deep cleft or scar between anterior and posterior lobes (clear triangular area absent), no sensilla on border of posterior lobe; male genital segment with two rows of three dorsal sensilla; ventral surface of male and female cephalosome with fine lines (wrinkles); male P 5 exopod trapezoid, apical angle 50 °. Spermatophore elongate, ephemeral on female. Biometric data. Females (N = 43): maximum length (Lmax) 0.77 mm, body length (Lurs) 0.76 mm (range 0.73 – 0.79 mm); cephalosome width 0.45 mm (range 0.43 – 0.47 mm); rostrum (R) 0.095 mm; genital double-somite width 0.32 mm, length 0.27 mm; caudal ramus length 0.14 mm, width 0.05 mm. Ratios: Lurs / W 1.7; W / R 4.7; genital double-somite width 70 % of cephalosome width, w / l 1.2; caudal ramus 18 % of Lurs, l / w 2.8, Hicks’ index for β seta 25 %. Males (N = 25): maximum length (Lmax) 0.56 mm, body length (Lurs) 0.50 mm; cephalosome width (W) 0.38 mm; spermatophore 0.15 × 0.03 mm; antennule fullY extended 0.135 mm. Ratios: Lmax / W 1.47, Lurs / W 1.32; antennule 35 % of cephalosome width, segment 2 30 %, segment 3 + 4 42 % and dactYlus 15 % of antennule length; spermatophore 27 % of Lurs.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1853EFFB147F95AD5FD61D0EB.taxon	description	Description. Adult females (Fig. 9 A; Plate 1 C, p. 67): colourless or pale yellow with broad band of deep violet or dark blue down middle of back, including genital doublesomite and caudal rami. Body outline elongate oval, sides of body almost parallel, rostrum narrow (W / R = 4.7). Dorsal surface of cephalosome, metasome and genital double-somite ornamented with dorsal pits (5 – 6 µm in diameter), ventral surface of cephalosome with fine wrinkles (see Fig. 12 A). HYaline border 8 µm wide. No patch of setules on labrum. Genital double-somite (Fig. 9 H) relativelY long (w / l = 1.2), posterior arch deep, slight notch or indentation between anterior and posterior lobes with transparent scar (scar appears as deep cleft when compressed with cover glass, cf Claus’ 1889 illustration). No sensilla on edge of posterior lobe (Fig. 9 E), border setules on posterior lobe longer than those on anterior lobe. Genital opening (Fig. 9 G). Caudal rami (Fig. 9 C, D) long (18 % of body length), rectangular (l / w = 2.8), almost completely enclosed in arch of genital double-somite, dorsal surface with network of fine ridges but no pits. Medial edge straight, slightly bevelled distally, lateral edge slightly convex, both edges with setules posteriorly. Beta seta about 3 / 4 down ramus (Hicks’ index = 25 %), terminal setae T 1 – T 4 conspicuously pinnate, equal in length, T 2 and T 3 very close on slight prominence midway between T 1 and T 4, distance between T 3 and T 4 equal or less than 1 / 4 width of ramus, verY fine terminal fringe of setules between T 3 and T 4. No finelY plumulose setae on segment 2 of antennule. Structure and setation of mouthparts and ambulatory limbs typical of family. Antenna (Fig. 10 C). Mandible with small group of setules on anterior lobe of palp (Fig. 10 B). Segment 1 of P 1 endopod elongate triangular, narrow (l / w = 1.5), coxa with internal seta (Fig. 10 A inset). Serrulate spinous seta on segment 2 of P 3 endopod (Fig. 11 C) shorter than endopod (0.8: 1), large serrate spinous seta on terminal segment considerably longer than endopod (1.7: 1). P 4 with internal serrulate spinous seta on segments 2 and 3 (Fig. 11 A). P 5 (Fig. 10 F, G), exopod broadly lanceolate, with dorsal pits, one sub-terminal dorsal seta and two apical setae. Females carry 12 – 14 eggs per brood. Adult males (Fig. 9 B; Plate 1 E, p. 67). Colouration as for female except that in a few specimens the violet blue colour is absent from posterior region of bodY. HeavilY sclerotized parts of the antennules and antennule sockets are orange on most males. Cephalosome truncated, anterior edge straight (not convex in mid-line), shoulders rounded. Rostrum not wrinkled ventrallY, ventral surface of cephalosome with fine wrinkles (Fig. 12 A). Dorsal surface with pits as for female. Genital somite with dorsal pits, lateral row of three dorsal sensilla on each side (Fig. 11 E). Caudal rami slightly longer than wide (l / w = 1.1), dorsal surface with reticulate markings, medial edge straight, lateral edge convex (Fig. 9 F). Beta seta 2 / 3 down ramus, terminal setae conspicuouslY pinnate, space between T 3 and T 4 wider than in female (almost 1 / 2 width of ramus) with fringe of fine setules. Antennule (Figs 12 D, F) with first seta on segment 2 not longer than 1.5 times length of second seta, segment 3 with short blade-like ventral process, segment 4 with three coupling denticles (proximal with serrated edge, middle and distal denticles small with botryoidal surface, no denticulate pad), dactylus very short, cYlindrical (<1 / 3 length of segments 3 + 4), distinctlY two segmented, without pronounced terminal hook. P 2 endopod with two plumose terminal setae (Fig. 11 B), Setae on segments 2 and 3 of P 4 endopod all plumose. P 5 exopod with dorsal pits (Fig. 12 B), ventral setules at base of each terminal seta (Fig. 12 C), apical angle of P 5 50 °.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1853EFFB147F95AD5FD61D0EB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Claus did not explain why he called this species fimbriatum, but he must have been impressed by the marked difference between the narrow pointed caudal rami of his Porcellidium tenuicauda and the posterior border fringed with bristles of his new 1863 species, (L. fimbriatum = separated into shreds or filaments, fringed). Claus redescribed the species in 1889 showing several species specific characters that allowed animals from Scotland to be identified as Porcellidium fimbriatum. The species is commonly found with P. viride on Laminaria in samples from Scotland. Collection data. Porcellidium fimbriatum has been collected from the following algae. Laminaria sp., Plymouth, Devonshire, 1970. Alaria esculenta and Gigartina stellata at Skokholm Island, Pembrokeshire, 1970. Hymanthalia elongata at Great Castle Rocks, Dale, Pembrokeshire, Wales, V. A. Harris 1970, 1974. Chondrus crispus at Clachan, Seil Sound, Oban Scotland ES 2.9 / 74, 18 ♀♀, 25 ♂♂ and ES 18 b. 11 / 74, 38 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂ + 13 ♂♂ coupled to juveniles; C. crispus and G. stellata ES 18 a. 11.74, 72 ♀♀, 28 ♂♂; Lithothamnion encrusted stones and boulders ES 14.9 / 74, 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Laminaria saccharina ES 17.9 / 74, 7 ♀♀, 1 ♂; C. crispus and L. saccharina ES 20.9 / 97, 76 ♀♀, 16 ♂♂ + 11 ♂♂ coupled with juveniles; Laminaria digitata ES 19.9 / 97, 5 ♀♀, 1 ♂, V. A. Harris 1970, 1974, 1987, 1997.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18533FFB6446D5AD5FC08D463.taxon	description	Figs 13 – 16	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18533FFB6446D5AD5FC08D463.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Specimens collected from mixed seaweeds, Castle Head, Dale, Pembrokeshire, Wales (3 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂) (51 ° 42 ' N 50 ° 10 ' W), V. A. Harris, 1970, 1974. Three slide-mounted dissections deposited in NHM, London. The following account is based on Bocquet’s (1948) descriptions of the caudal ramus and genital double-somite of P. lecanoides var. roscoffensis.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18533FFB6446D5AD5FC08D463.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male antennule with knob or peg-like ventral process on segment 3, large proximal pad of fine denticles on segment 4, distal denticle with fine comb-like edge, dactYlus not broad, concave on one side, hooked terminally, segment 6 inconspicuous, fused to segment 5; ventral surface of male rostrum with U-shaped ridges or wrinkles; indentation (without border setules) marks boundary between anterior and posterior lobes of female genital double-somite, posterior lobe with two sensilla at edge; dorsal surface of male genital somite with five sensilla on each side; dorsal surface of female caudal ramus with pits, β seta close to γ seta. Biometric data. Females (N = 1): body length (Lurs) 0.85 mm; cephalosome width (W) 0.60 mm; rostrum width (R) 0.15 mm; genital double-somite width 0.39 mm, length 0.28 mm; caudal ramus length 0.12 mm, width 0.05 mm. Ratios: Lurs / W 1.42; W / R 4.0; genital double-somite width 65 % of cephalosome width, w / l 1.4; caudal ramus 14 % of Lurs, l / w 2.4, Hicks’ index for β seta 16 %. Males (N = 1): body length Lurs 0.70 mm; bodY width 0.51 mm. Ratios: Lurs / W 1.4; caudal ramus l / w 0.8; antennule 46 % of cephalosome width, segments 3 + 4 40 %, and dactYlus 32 % of antennule length.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18533FFB6446D5AD5FC08D463.taxon	description	Description. Adult females (Fig. 13 A): colour (see under Remarks). Anterior of cephalosome broadly rounded, rostrum prominent. Dorsal surface ornamented with circular pits 3 µm diameter, no obvious ridges but numerous pit and collared sensilla present on cephalosome, metasome and genital double-somite (see Fig. 13 D). Ventral surface of cephalosome smooth, but ventral surface of rostrum has transverse ridges or wrinkles. HYaline border without striations, 12 µm wide. Labrum without ridge plates or setules. Genital double-somite (Fig. 13 D) broad, semicircular in outline, slight lateral notch without setules at that point, two small sensilla at edge of posterior lobe (Fig. 13 E), posterior arch deep, encloses most of the caudal rami. Genital opening (Fig. 13 F). Caudal ramus (Fig. 13 C) rectangular, dorsal surface ornamented with small pits, medial edge straight, medial corner slightly bevelled, lateral edge slightly convex. Terminal setae pinnate, T 1 and γ setae recessed at lateral corner, β seta close to γ and posterior edge of ramus, T 2 and T 3 very close, T 4 at medial corner, gap between T 3 and T 4 less than 1 / 2 width of ramus, fringed with fine setules. No finelY plumulose setae on segment 2 of antennule, first seta on segment 2 less than 11 / 2 times length of setae 2 or 3. Structure and setation of mouthparts and ambulatory limbs typical of family. Antenna (Fig. 14 A) with row of triangular setules on basis, three lateral setae on endopod segment 2, end part of geniculate setae plain, terminal claw comb-like about 1 / 3 length of endopod segment 2. Tips of molar process on mandible (Fig. 14 B, C), maxillule (Fig. 11 D, exopod not shown), maxilla (Fig. 14 G) and maxilliped (Fig. 14 E) as described for Porcellidium viride. Triangular first segment of P 1 endopod narrow (l / w = 1.3), verY small peg field at lateral corner of fimbriate crescent (Fig. 14 I). Serrate spinous seta on segment 3 of P 2 endopod almost as long as endopod (Fig. 15 B). Serrate spinous seta on P 3 endopod segment 2 (Fig. 15 C) as long as endopod, large serrate spinous seta on segment 3 longer than endopod (1.45: 1). Seta on P 4 endopod segment 2 and internal seta on segment 3 spinous, verY finelY serrulate (Fig. 15 E). Internal seta on baseoendopod of P 5 1 / 3 length of exopod, exopod lanceolate, dorsal surface with small pits, one subterminal and two apical setae present (Fig. 15 A, D). Number of eggs not known, none of the females is ovigerous. Adult males (Fig. 13 B). Cephalosome truncated with rounded shoulders, anterior edge folded ventrally (Fig. 14 F). HYaline border and dorsal ornamentation as described for female. Ventral surface of cephalosome not wrinkled, but ventral surface of rostrum with U-shaped ridges or wrinkles (Figs 14 F, 16 A). Genital somite with dorsal pits and row of five sensilla on either side (Fig. 15 G). Caudal ramus subquadrate (l / w = 0.8), lateral edge convex, medial edge straight, ends in slight bevel with T 4 at corner, posterior border straight, T 1 and γ setae not recessed, β seta subterminal, fringe of fine border setules between T 3 and T 4 (Fig. 16 E). Antennule (Fig. 16 B). No finelY plumulose setae on segment 2, first seta less than 1.5 times length of second seta, segment 3 with knob or peg-like ventral process, no spine close to δ seta, proximal coupling denticle on segment 4 large finely denticulate pad, distal denticle with fine comb-like edge (Fig. 16 B, C, D, F, G), segment 5 of dactYlus almost as long as segments 3 + 4, concave on one side (Fig. 16 D), hooked distally (Fig. 16 C), segment 6 inconspicuous. P 2 endopod terminates in two plumose setae (Fig. 14 H). P 5 with short row of small setules at base of each terminal seta (Fig. 15 F).	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18533FFB6446D5AD5FC08D463.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Bocquet (1948) describes two colour forms of P. lecanoides from Roscoff, BrittanY, France. The first is uniform golden yellow, the second is golden yellow with narrow dark violet median stripe down back and caudal rami. Because of their colouration, shape of the caudal rami and statistical difference in size, the second form was considered a variety of Claus’ P. lecanoides and named P. lecanoides var. roscoffensis. Bocquet did not give a complete description of the new variety, but the specimens collected from Pembrokeshire conform precisely to Bocquet’s illustrations of the caudal rami plus genital double-somite and are considered to be the same species. However, P. lecanoides is a synonym for P. viride and the Pembrokeshire animals do not resemble P. viride. It is considered that Bocquet’s variety should be raised to specific rank as Porcellidium roscoffensis (Bocquet, 1948) comb. nov. The antennae of the two male specimens used in this description are either closed or in a position where critical observation of the coupling denticles is difficult. What can be seen is illustrated in Fig. 16.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18533FFB6446D5AD5FC08D463.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bocquet (1948) records the species as abundant on Bifurcaria tuberculata in tidal pools at Roscoff. It is also abundant in the Bay of Morlaix. Bocquet describes their colour as yellow with a band of violet down the back, but the colour of living animals from Pembrokeshire is not known. They were found among Porcellidium viride washed from a mixture of seaweeds many years after collection and were colourless.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18534FFB6444B58EEFB7BD14B.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Porcelloides tenuicaudus (Claus, 1860) comb. nov.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18534FFB6444B58EEFB7BD14B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Spermatophore of male reniform (kidneyshaped) with recurrent duct (Fig. 17 A, 18 C) deposited on dorsal side of female P 5, firmlY attached on its side bY adhesive material, remains attached to female long after egg laying has started (semi-permanent), deposition of more than one spermatophore on female common; male antennule without denticle or ventral process on segment 3, segment 4 with three coupling denticles, proximal denticle triangular with serrated edge, medial denticle large denticulate pad, distal denticle variable (brush-pad absent); outline of male and female body ovoid (egg-shape), anterior of male cephalosome not obviouslY truncated; hYaline border surrounds edge of cephalosome; female caudal ramus trapezoid or rhomboid; six setae on maxillule endopod, maxilliped coxae touch in midline; dorsal setae of female P 5 pinnate, no ventral expansion to P 5; male P 5 trapezoid with one lateral and five terminal setae. Species composition. Porcelloides tenuicaudus (Claus, 1860) comb. nov.; Porcelloides scutatus (Claus, 1889) comb. nov.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18534FFB6444B58EEFB7BD14B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Genus known from SicilY, Mediterranean Sea; Roscoff, France; ScillY Islands; Ireland; Pembrokeshire, Wales; Scotland.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18534FFB6444B58EEFB7BD14B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The animals named Porcellidium tenuicauda by Claus (1860) are excluded from the diagnosis for Porcellidium by apomorphic characters not possessed by P. viride. They must be moved to a new genus. The name Porcelloides (treated as masculine) is proposed for this new genus. Claus (1860) did not say why he chose the diminutive Porcellidium for the name of his new animal, but he might have been impressed by the way they conglobate just like Porcellio (the sow bug or woodlouse).	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1850EFF8244055ED9FD81D334.taxon	description	Figs 21 – 24	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1850EFF8244055ED9FD81D334.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Spirit material and prepared slides in NMI, Dublin, collected bY D. Minchin and J. M. C. Holmes from Loch HYne (Ine), Co. Cork, Ireland (9 ° 15 ' W 51 ° 30 ' N), (see Appendix 2). Living material, used for measurements and the following description, was collected from red alga (? Gelidium sp.) Loch HYne, Co. Cork, Ireland and identified from species specific characters in Claus’ 1889 description of Porcellidium scutatum. Specimens of Porcelloides scutatus (4 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂ and five dissections mounted on slides) have been deposited at NHM, London, V. A. Harris, 1997.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1850EFF8244055ED9FD81D334.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. HYaline border appears striated; about 1 / 2 female caudal ramus lies in arch of genital double-somite; female caudal ramus trapezoid, apical angle 50 °, bevelled edge almost equal in length to lateral edge, T 1 and γ setae at lateral corner of bevelled edge, T 2 normal, T 3 very thin, inconspicuous, no setules along medial edge (Fig. 22 H); female P 4 with massive serrated spinous setae on segments 2 and 3 of endopod (Fig. 23 B); ventral falciform ridge on female P 5 undulating (wavy), apical seta pinnate (Fig. 22 D, E); terminal setae on male P 5 exopod long (> 1 / 2 length of lateral edge). Biometric data. Females (N = 11): maximum length (Lmax) 0.84 mm, body length (Lurs) 0.78 mm (range 0.74 – 0.83 mm) [female body length from literature 0.75 – 0.80 mm, Claus (1889)]; cephalosome width (W) 0.56 mm; rostrum width (R) 0.11 mm; genital double-somite width 0.38 mm, length 24.5 mm; caudal ramus length 0.135 mm, width 0.075 mm; apical angle of ramus 50 °. Ratios: Lmax / W 1.52, Lurs / W 1.4; W / R 5.1; genital doublesomite width 68 % of cephalosome width, w / l 1.54, length of posterior lobe 30 % of lateral border, arch 40 % of genital double-somite length; caudal ramus 17 % of Lurs, l / w 1.8, Hicks’ index for α seta 88 %, for β seta 72 %. Males (N = 8): maximum length (Lmax) 0.78 mm, body length (Lurs) 0.70 mm; cephalosome width (W) 0.53 mm; apical angle of caudal ramus 70 °; antennule fullY extended 0.23 mm; spermatophore 0.25 × 0.087 mm (measured on female P 5). Ratios: Lmax / W 1.47, Lurs / W 1.3; antennule 43 % of cephalosome width, segment 2 26 %, segment 3 + 4 39 %, dactYlus 28 % of antennule length; spermatophore 36 % of body length (Lurs).	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1850EFF8244055ED9FD81D334.taxon	description	Description. Adult females (Fig. 21 A; Plate 1 F, p. 67): central area of cephalosome and metasome reddish-brown, rest of body colourless. Body ovoid in outline, dorsoventrally depressed, anterior slightly truncated, rostrum prominent with hyaline border, not obscured by anterior bulge of cephalosome. Animals do not conglobate. Dorsal pits conspicuous, 3 – 5 µm, area round pits slightly thickened to form cuticular network (Fig. 21 I), very few dorsal sensilla. HYaline border appears to have striations perpendicular to edge (Fig. 21 G). Striations due to network of ridges expanding out above hyaline border (Fig. 21 F 2, H), hYaline border itself is without striations (Fig. 21 F 1). Cuticular striations 7 – 9 µm wide, hyaline border 11 – 13 µm wide (Fig. 21 F 2). Labrum with central patch of very short setules plus group of about eight setules on either side of posterior edge (Fig. 22 G). Sternum of metasome segment 4 with fimbriate setules along posterior border. Genital double-somite short, broad (Fig. 21 B), small lateral notch and area devoid of pits or setules marks boundary between anterior and posterior lobes, posterior lobe short (1 / 3 of lateral edge), both lobes fringed with fine setules. Posterior arch almost half length of genital double-somite, accommodates anal segment and 2 / 3 of caudal rami (as far as lateral corner of the bevelled edge). Genital opening (Fig. 21 C, D). Caudal ramus trapezoid (Fig. 21 E), widens slightlY posteriorlY (maximum width 2 / 3 down ramus where bevelled edge starts), medial edge without setules, T 1 pinnate close to γ at lateral corner of bevelled edge, T 2 tends to lie almost parallel to bevelled edge, T 3 very thin, inconspicuous, about 3 × length of terminal setules (difficult to see on some animals, Fig. 22 H), T 4 pinnate at apex of ramus, fine setules along bevelled edge between T 3 and T 4. Dorsal surface of ramus with network of ridges. Seta on first segment of antennule pinnate. Setation of mouthparts and ambulatory limbs typical of family. Antenna (Fig. 22 A) with filiform setules on basis and segment 1 of endopod, exopod with five plumulose setae and one spinous seta, segment 2 of endopod with proximal setules, one small and two larger lateral setae, one plain and one annulate terminal seta, three geniculate setae with plain distal portion, terminal claw with blunt serrations. Mandible without setules on anterior lobe of palp. Maxillule similar to P. tenuicaudus, maxilla (Fig. 22 B), maxilliped (Fig. 22 F). P 1 (Fig. 22 C) exopod segment 1 with single crescentic row of denticles parallel to border, endopod with small triangular area of denticles at lateral end of fimbriate crescent, endopod l / w = 1.25. Serrulate spinous seta on segment 2 of P 3 endopod thin, almost equal to length of endopod, large, serrate, spinous seta on segment 3 longer than endopod (1.5: 1), (Fig. 23 C). P 4 endopod with massive, short, serrate, spinous seta on segment 2 and a similar serrate seta on segment 3 (Fig. 23 B). P 5 (Fig. 22 D, E), dorsal (external) seta on baseoendopod long (40 µm), exopod lanceolate with blunt apex (w / l = 0.26 at level of lateral seta), ventral falciform ridge undulating, two pinnate dorsal setae, seta at apex pinnate, border setules filiform, long (25 – 30 µm), dorsal surface with network of ridges. Females carry 12 eggs in brood chamber (N = 7). Adult males (Fig. 24 A). Colouration, pits, network and striated hyaline border as described for female. Anterior outline of cephalosome rounded, slightly truncated with small convex projection in midline, lateral angle of antennule sockets with conical projection, rostrum V-shaped without ventral keel (Fig. 24 D). Caudal ramus trapezoid (Fig. 23 G), width greater than length (l / w = 0.9), medial edge straight, lateral edge slightlY convex, posterior 1 / 3 of both edges with setules, α and β setae long (3 / 4 width of ramus), terminal setae T 1 – T 4 long, all pinnate, T 3 larger than on female ramus, fringe of fine setules between T 3 and T 4. Antennule 43 % of cephalosome width (Fig. 24 A), segment 1 with pinnate seta, no ventral process on segment 3, segment 4 with small serrated triangular proximal denticle, medial large denticulate pad, distal denticle with double serrated edge (Fig. 24 E), segment 5 of dactYlus slender, cYlindrical, 3 / 4 length of segment 3 + 4, hooked distallY (Fig. 24 B), segment 6 small and fused with segment 5. Ambulatory limbs as for female except for following. P 2 endopod with two plumose setae on terminal segment (Fig. 23 D). P 4 endopod segments 2 and 3 with long plumose setae (Fig. 23 E). P 5 acutelY pointed trapezoid, setae long (2 / 3 length of lateral edge, first (lateral) seta pinnate with row of 7 – 8 ventral setules, remaining setae with 3 – 5 ventral setules (Fig. 23 A). Spermatophore reinform with recurrent neck (Fig. 24 F).	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1850EFF8244055ED9FD81D334.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The animals from Loch HYne, Ireland, correspond to Claus’ description of Porcellidium scutatum. For example, they are the same size and colour, the caudal rami are the same shape and have the same setation (Claus does not show T 2, but as pointed out above this is hard to see on some specimens) and both have a long cylindrical dactylus on the male antennule. But the most compelling reason for regarding the two animals to be the same species is the unique hyaline border to the cephalosome. Claus states “ … surface at the edge of the cephalothorax with a clear outer margin set through with little rods ” (taf. VIII, abb. 18). Figure 21 F, G, H show the striated border of Porcelloides scutatus. Only two other species are known with a striated hyaline border, Porcellidium akashimum Harris and Iwasaki (1996 a) and an undescribed Australian species of Kushia. The false border of Tectacingulum tumidum Harris, (1994) is striated, but the true hyaline border, which lies on the ventral side of the cephalosome, is not striated. SuperficiallY, the female of Claus’ Porcellidium scutatum looks very different from Porcelloide tenuicaudus. The caudal rami are not acutely pointed or excluded from the arch of the genital double-somite. However, two features show that Claus’ P. scutatum belongs to the genus Porcelloides. The arrangement of denticles on the male antennule closely resembles that of Porcelloides tenuicaudatus, but differs from all other known species in the family. This together with the fact that two females from Loch HYne carrY eggs and an empty spermatophore on their P 5 limb shows that Claus’ P. scutatum should be assigned to the new genus as Porcelloides scutatus (Claus, 1889), comb. nov.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A1850EFF8244055ED9FD81D334.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Living specimens of this species were collected from a red alga (? Gelidium) in shallow water (10 to 40 cm) on the west side of Loch HYne, Co. Cork, Ireland, in deep shade from overhanging trees, LH 4.9.97, 11 ♀♀, 12 ♂♂, V. A. Harris 1997. Claus (1889) collected this species from rocks and Laminaria in Trieste Harbour, Adriatic Sea, but it has not been recorded anywhere else since. It is not found on the coast of Ireland, or the west coast of England and Scotland. Its presence in Loch HYne is surprising for it implies two widely separated isolated occurrences. Loch HYne (Ine) in CountY Cork, Ireland, is a deep tidal marine loch, about one square kilometre in area, situated about one kilometre inland. It is connected to the sea by a very narrow channel and rapids through which sea water flows at high tide on the coast. Tidal swing in the Loch is only a few centimetres. It supports an extremely rich marine fauna that includes many Mediterranean (Lusitanian) species not found elsewhere round the coast of Ireland, England or Scotland. The inland location of the Loch would protect it from the extreme weather of the open coast and this suggests it may contain a relic fauna from a period when the climate was warmer. The Loch’s origin is uncertain but may represent a glacial lake that was replaced by sea water when sea-levels rose above the level of the rapids, due to changes in land or sea level. It is possible that Porcelloides scutatus represents a relic Lusitanian species that was once more widely distributed. Animals belonging to Porcelloides have not been recorded from the Pacific region (Australia or Japan).	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
03AF87A18506FF84461558CBFB2FD3DB.taxon	description	Most members of the Porcellidiidae are coloured or have a colour pattern, due to the colour of the chitinous exoskeleton and / or pigment localized immediately under the cuticular exoskeleton, but Porcelloides tenuicaudus shows a marked departure from this arrangement. Specimens from Scotland contained a large number of dark orange or brown oil droplets in the haemocoel that gave the animals an orange or reddish-brown colouration (these are lost in spirit preserved specimens). In his description of Porcellidium ovatum, Haller (1880) states that the animals are coloured due to the presence of red and yellow fat globules in the body that glitter through the colourless cuticle. It should be noted that Porcelloides scutatus, the only other egg-shaped European species, does not have oil droplets and its dorsal red patch is due to sub-cuticular pigment. However, bY far the most compelling reason for regarding Porcellidium ovatum synonymous with Porcelloides tenuicaudus is the presence of two reniform spermatophores on the female’s P 5 limbs shown in Haller’s (1880) illustration. Claus (1860) and Bartsch (1987) both show two reniform spermatophores in their illustrations of Porcellidium tenuicauda. This is in contrast to the rest of the Porcellidiidae where only one spermatophore is deposited on a female and this only stays attached for a matter of hours. Lang (1948) treats Porcellidium scutatum Claus, 1889 and Porcellidium acuticaudatum Thompson & Scott, 1903 as synonyms for P. ovatum Haller, 1879, thus, anYone using Lang’s key will misidentify Porcelloides scutatus as Porcellidium ovatum. Three other species have been misidentified through Lang’s keY. Geddes (1968) referred animals from Barbados to P. ovatum, but they do not show any of the characteristics of Porcelloides tenuicaudus and probably belong to Acutiramus. Holmes & O’Connor (1990) referred specimens in the NMI of Porcelloides scutatus collected from Loch HYne bY D. Minchin (JulY 1982) to Porcellidium ovatum. Animals from Oshoro BaY, Hokkaido, Japan (Kito 1977) and Guandong Province, China (Zhang & Li 1976) both referred to as P. ovatum are unlikely to belong to that species. The porcellidiid fauna of Japan is reasonably well known but the genus Porcelloides has not been recorded from that region. It is probable that the animals from Hokkaido and Guandong are a species of Kensakia because the caudal rami of Porcelloides and Kensakia are superficiallY similar. AnYone using Lang’s (1948) keY for identification would misidentifY species of Kensakia as P. ovatum. Porcellidium acuticaudatum almost certainly belongs to Kensakia. Haller (1879) described another species, Porcellidium parvulum, also from Messina, which he illustrated the following Year, Haller (1880). One of his animals appears to be a stage III or IV female copepodid (it does not have typical stage V P 5 limbs and is only 0.55 mm). The other animal is a male but its antennules are not transformed and therefore it is not an adult. With a body length of 0.71 mm, it is likely to be a stage IV or possibly stage V male copepodid. The large size of these juveniles suggests they belong to Porcelloides tenuicaudus, but their identity cannot be established with certaintY from Haller’s (1880) description.	en	Harris, Vernon A. (2014): Porcellidiidae of Australia (Harpacticoida, Copepoda). I. A Reassessment of the European Species of Porcellidium. Records of the Australian Museum 66 (2): 63-110, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.2201-4349.66.2014.1594
