taxonID	type	description	language	source
03AF8798FFC6FF99FF6EFD26FD0216A3.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — INDONESIA. Bilitoeng, Mangar, sin. dat. (♂), Teijsmann s. n. (lectotype BO [No numerical identifiers found on the sheet], designated here). Notes: — Three syntypes are indicated in the protologue: Teijsmann s. n. and Ham s. n. from Billiton Island, and Hallier 2444 from Mount Kelam in West Kalimantan (“ Borneo Centralis in monte Klam ” fide Valeton (1909 a )). Unlike the Billiton collections, the calyx morphology of Hallier 2444 from Borneo is inconsistent with the protologue — the length of the calyx and its lobes are much shorter than that stated in the protologue. Moreover, it is different from the Billiton collections by its subglabrous calyx and non-glaucous, glabrous lower leaf surfaces, and is here excluded from the circumscription of T. billitonensis. Only the staminate inflorescence was described in Valeton’s protologue, with a note indicating that the pistillate counterpart was unknown. We identified four relevant sheets from Billiton Island in BO (where Valeton worked from 1892 to 1913): a fruiting collection with both “ Ham 19 ” and “ Burger 15 ” on its label, a sterile sheet labelled only as “ Ham 19 ”, a sterile sheet with both “ Ham 19 ” and “ Teysm. ” written on the label, and a collection by Teijsmann (without collection number) that represents the only staminate specimen. Thus, T. billitonensis is here lectotypified by the Teijsmann collection.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC6FF99FF6EFB43FCCC1477.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BORNEO. Malaysia, Sabah, Mount Kinabalu, Marai Parai Spur, 2 Dec 1915 (♀), Clemens 11078 (lectotype A [A 00312911], designated here). Notes: — Only a single specimen of the original material is extant in A; the duplicate in PNH must have been destroyed during World War II. Merrill (1917 a) mentioned that the type material of his Bornean species were deposited in PNH. Although Chen et al. (2015) correctly stated that the holotype in PNH was destroyed, a lectotypification was not performed. Therefore, we here designate the A sheet as lectotype.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC6FF9AFF6EF9F7FE88134D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BORNEO. Malaysia, Sarawak, Mount Santubong, 14 Mar 1914 (♀), Native Collector D 200 (lectotype E [E 00143855], designated here; isolectotypes E [E 00438196], K [K 000763577]). Notes: — Smith cited a single collection (Native Collector D 200) in his protologue and stated that “ there is in the type specimen only one corolla, which I have not dissected ”. There is indeed an E sheet [E 00143855] with a single corolla in the packet that was annotated “ only one flower that [was] not dissected ” by Smith, but a K duplicate [K 000763577] also has a single intact corolla. Another E duplicate [E 00438196] is a sterile specimen with Smith’s annotation: “ further material of this new sp. is much needed, flowers and ripe fruits especially ”. We assume that the two sheets at E correspond to two separate specimens rather than a two-part specimen as there is no indication of “ sheet 1 ” and “ sheet 2 ” on them. Since Smith worked in E since 1911, the material annotated by him are likely to be his types. However, it is possible that Smith examined the K sheet prior to distribution and / or used multiple sheets when preparing his description; therefore, we here designate E 00143855 as lectotype. The inclusion of T. esherianus in the flora of Mount Kinabalu (Beaman & Anderson 2004) is based on the misidentification of a single cited specimen that corresponds to T. pannosus (Chen et al. 2015). The specimens recognised as T. esherianus in Coode et al. (1996) are also misidentified and actually correspond to T. hirsutus Merrill (1917 b: 242).	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC5FF9BFF6EFEE0FC74134C.taxon	description	Epitype: — INDONESIA. Sumatra, Palembang, Ogan Oeloe, sin. dat. (♀), Teijsmann HB 3877 (epitype U [U. 1577430], designated in Wong et al. (2019 )).	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC5FF9BFF6EFEE0FC74134C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SINGAPORE. Sin. loc., 1822 (♀), Wallich s. n. [EIC 6220] (holotype K-W [K 001123335]).	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC5FF9BFF6EFEE0FC74134C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — INDONESIA. Sumatra, Palembang, Ogan Oeloe, sin. dat. (♀), Teijsmann HB 3877 (holotype U [U. 1577430]).	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC5FF9BFF6EFEE0FC74134C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BORNEO. Bukit Singkadjang, 1905 (♀), Teijsmann 8348 (lectotype BO [acc 1435253], designated here; isolectotypes BO [acc 1570710; acc 1570711; acc 1570712]).	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC5FF9BFF6EFEE0FC74134C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SINGAPORE. Sin. loc., 1822 (♀), Wallich s. n. [EIC 6222] (lectotype K-W [K 000763583], first step designated in Wong et al. (2019), second step designated here to include only four detached leaves (see notes); isolectotype K-W [K 001123337], explicitly excluding the left element which represents another gathering). Notes: — Although originally described from Sumatra, T. flavescens has been recorded in Borneo (Merrill 1921 a, Masamune 1942, Sidiyasa et al. 1999). Jack cited no specimen for Helospora flavescens, merely stating “ Native of Sumatra ”, so it has to be assumed that his taxon is based on a collection by himself from Sumatra, which has not been found. Baker’s description of the plant in the Seychelles was brief, but had effectively recombined Jack’s name because he cited Jack’s binomial under his T. flavescens. Baker cited collections by Pervillé, Wright and Horne from the Seychelles, which have been subsequently recognised as a separate species, T. sechellensis Summerhayes (1928: 391); it is different from T. flavescens because of its much shorter (less than 1 cm long) pistillate and fruiting peduncles. Teijsmann HB 3877 is one of the specimens identified as T. flavescens in an early taxonomic treatment of Timonius (Valeton 1909 a); because this specimen is from Sumatra, it was selected as the lectotype of T. flavescens by Wong (1988). Darwin (1997) designated the same Sumatran specimen as the neotype of T. flavescens, correcting Wong’s earlier use of the term lectotype, given that this specimen is not part of the original material cited in Jack’s protologue. Both authors overlooked the presence of a published illustration in the protologue, however. Wong et al. (2019) therefore selected the published illustration as lectotype and designated the Sumatran specimen as epitype because the illustration is inadequate for identification purposes.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC4FF9BFF6EFEE0FD3E11E1.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BORNEO. Malaysia, Sarawak, Baram, Miri, 20 Apr 1895 (♂), Hose 651 (lectotype A [A 00312908], designated here; isolectotype L [L 0001476]). Notes: — Although Merrill mentioned a single collection (Hose 651) in his protologue, a few duplicates of this collection exist, and apparently there was also a PNH specimen that must have been destroyed during the war. The holotype of Merrill’s Bornean species was deposited in PNH (Merrill 1917 a). Chen et al. (2015) stated that the holotype in PNH was destroyed, but did not select a lectotype among the extant type material. Therefore, we here designate a well-preserved A sheet as lectotype. The name “ Timonius hirsutus ” has been used three times. The name was first used by Merrill (1917 b) for the Bornean species above. The second name Timonius hirsutus Ridley (1918: 81) postdates the Bornean name and is a synonym of the Malayan species Antirhea atropurpurea (Craib 1932: 132) Chaw in Wong (1988: 493). Subsequently, Merrill (1921 b: 480) transferred Greenea hirsuta Elmer (1913: 1857) into Timonius, generating the illegitimate combination Timonius hirsutus (Elmer) Merr. for a species from the Philippines. Therefore, Timonius hirsutus Merr. as used for the Bornean species takes precedence.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC4FF9BFF6EFC04FEBA1735.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BORNEO. Sarawak, sin. dat. (♀), Native Collector 1252 (lectotype K [K 000763574], designated here; isolectotypes A [A 00312909], US [US 00138422]). Notes: — Merrill specified that the original material was deposited in “ Bur. Sci. ”, referring to the PNH herbarium that was destroyed during World War II. Although A was actually Merrill’s main herbarium apart from PNH, the best-preserved specimen is from K, with intact fruits and associated calyx lobes and peduncular bracts. We therefore designate the well-preserved K specimen as lectotype.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC4FF9BFF6EFA38FB3D14C9.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CENTRAL BORNEO. Jelaeh Kedanim, Jul 1896 (♀), Jaheri (Exp Nieuwenhuis) 172 (lectotype BO [acc 1437765], designated here; isolectotype BO [acc 1437766]). Notes: — Of the four collections cited in the protologue (Nieuwenhuis 172, de Vriese s. n., Hallier s. n. and Teijsmann s. n.), only “ Nieuwenhuis 172 ” has a collection number indicated. One of the duplicates in BO (bearing the labels “ leg. Jaheri ” and “ Exp. Nieuwenhuis ”) is the best preserved and is therefore selected as lectotype.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC4FF9BFF6EF97CFF691A61.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BORNEO. Malaysia, Sarawak, Matang, 1907 (♂), Hewitt Rb 46.2 (holotype BO [acc 1435130]). Notes: — The name Timonius matangensis was validly published but the only specimen cited in the protologue (Hewitt Rb 56.2) is untraceable. However, there is a specimen in BO with a very close match to the protologue (Hewitt Rb 46.2): it was collected in the same locality (Matang), possesses only staminate flowers (consistent with the protologue) and was determined by Valeton himself in 1908. Thus, the original type citation seems to be erroneous and is corrected here.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC3FF9CFF6EFF2CFC1A13DD.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BORNEO. Sin. loc., sin. dat. (♂), Korthals s. n. (lectotype L [L 0001448], designated here; probable isolectotype L [L 0057539]). Notes: — Although Korthals (1851) cited only a single locality (‘ montem Pamatton’) in the protologue, there are two L sheets from Borneo without locality details labelled as types. Consistent with the protologue, both specimens possess staminate flowers. Hence, one of the sheets is here selected as lectotype.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC3FF9CFF6EFE50FBAB1751.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — PHILIPPINES. Palawan, Brooks Point, Addison Peak, Feb 1911 (♂), Elmer 12705 (lectotype A [A 00094665], designated here; isolectotypes, BISH [BISH 1004781], BO, E [E 00504406], F, GH [GH 00094664], HBG [HBG 520961], K [K 000763549], L [L 0001450], NY [NY 00133423], U [U 0227797], US [US 00138428]).	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC3FF9CFF6EFE50FBAB1751.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BORNEO. British North Borneo, “ Nov 1916 and Feb 1917 ” (♀), Villamil 252 bis (lectotype K [K 000763562], designated here; isolectotypes A [A 00312915], US [US 00138439]).	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC3FF9CFF6EFE50FBAB1751.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BORNEO. Malaysia, Sabah, Khota Balud to Kibaya, trail to Mount Kinabalu, 28 Oct 1915 (♂), Clemens 9811 (lectotype A [A 00312907], designated here). Notes: — Although a single collection (Elmer 12705) is cited as the type material of T. palawanensis, many duplicates in various herbaria exist and a specimen in PNH must have been destroyed during the war. Because Elmer has worked in A (apart from PNH) and the A specimen has a well-preserved corolla, the A sheet is here designated as lectotype.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC3FF9CFF6EFE50FBAB1751.taxon	description	For T. villamilii, Merrill cited the collection “ Villamil 252 bis ” as type material, which comprises three extant duplicates in various herbaria and a specimen in PNH that must have been destroyed during World War II. Merrill (1917 a) stated that the type material of his Bornean species was preserved in PNH. The holotype is thus destroyed, and we here designate the K sheet with well-preserved corolla and fruit as lectotype. For T. heterophyllus, only a single specimen of the original material is extant in A; a duplicate in PNH must have been destroyed during the war. Chen et al. (2015) regarded the destroyed PNH specimen as holotype and did not perform any lectotypification. We therefore here select the A sheet as lectotype.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC3FF9CFF6EFAD4FBD61431.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BORNEO. West Kalimantan, Sintang, sin. dat. (sterile), Teijsmann 8361 (lectotype L [L 0001451], designated here; isolectotype K [K 000763570]). Notes: — Although a single collection (Teijsmann 8361) is cited in the protologue, two duplicates of the original material exist. We therefore here designate a well-preserved specimen from L as lectotype.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC3FF9CFF6EF934FDFC158D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BORNEO. Poeloe Madjang, 1905 (♀), Teijsmann 8330 (lectotype L [L 0057844], designated here; isolectotypes BO [acc 1438665; acc 1438666; acc 1438667; acc 1438668], L [L 0057845]). Notes: — Of the six collections cited in Valeton’s protologue (Teijsmann 8326, 8327, 8330; Hallier 2482, 1300, 2200), only three can be located in BO and L. The specimen Teijsmann 8330 [L 0057844] is fertile, well-preserved and bears the manuscript label “ Poeloe Madjang ”; it is therefore here selected as lectotype. The two specimens recognised as T. salicifolius in Coode et al. (1996: 293) were misidentified; we have not encountered any specimen of T. salicifolius in Brunei.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
03AF8798FFC2FF9DFF6EFF2CFD011174.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SINGAPORE. Sin. loc., 1822 (♀ and ♂), Wallich s. n. [EIC 6217] (lectotype K-W [K 001123325], first step designated in Wong (1988), second step designated in Wong et al. (2019); isolectotypes BR [BR 0000005754595], K-W [K 001123326], PH [PH 00023297]). Notes: — Although T. wallichianus was excluded in early enumerations of the Bornean flora (Merrill 1921 a, Masamune 1942), it has been more recently recorded in East Kalimantan (Sidiyasa et al. 1999). The name “ Bobea wallichiana ” was invalidly published by Korthals (1851: 211), lacking any description or diagnosis. Therefore, Valeton’s name was incorrectly stated in protologue as a combination “ Timonius wallichianus (Korth.) Valeton ”. Valeton (1909 a) proceeded to equate T. wallichianus with T. rumphii sensu Hooker (1880: 127) non Candolle (1830: 461), a misapplied name that was based on the specimen Wallich s. n. [EIC 6217]. The Wallich specimen was cited in Valeton’s protologue and indeed represents T. wallichianus, and hence Wong (1988) cited it as the holotype of T. wallichianus. However, a Malacca collection by Ridley and collections from Banka by Teijsmann and Kobus were also cited in Valeton’s protologue. The original material of T. wallichianus therefore comprises several elements, and the use of the term holotype in Wong (1988) is a correctable error that should be corrected to lectotype. Although Wong (1988) is considered to have effectively lectotypified this name, a second-step lectotypification was performed in Wong et al. (2019) as there are two specimens of the Wallich collection in K-W.	en	Chen, Junhao, Wong, Khoon Meng (2020): Typification and nomenclatural notes on Bornean Timonius (Rubiaceae: Guettardeae). Phytotaxa 446 (2): 114-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.446.2.4
