identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A05C652F0C9548AA6AF912E11AFD57.text	03A05C652F0C9548AA6AF912E11AFD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) (Pseudamnicola) Paulucci 1878	<div><p>SUBGENUS PSEUDAMNICOLA (PSEUDAMNICOLA) PAULUCCI, 1878</p> <p>Type species</p> <p>Bithynia lucensis Issel, 1866 (Kennard &amp; Woodward, 1926), subsequent designation.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Shell ovate-conic, slightly longer than wide and an aperture wider than long; female genitalia with pyriform bursa copulatrix and one elongate seminal receptacle; penis broadly triangular with the base expanded and many folds along its entire surface; penis with a dark patch of pigment, whose extension varies amongst species, from its middle region to the tip; nervous system generally elongate (RPG ratio from 0.50 to 0.67).</p> <p>Composition</p> <p>Six species in the Ibero-Balearic region: two in the Iberian Peninsula (one of which is also present on Ibiza Island), three on Majorca Island, and one on Minorca Island.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A05C652F0C9548AA6AF912E11AFD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Machordom, Annie;Ramos, Marian A.	Delicado, Diana, Machordom, Annie, Ramos, Marian A. (2014): Vicariant versus dispersal processes in the settlement of Pseudamnicola (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Mediterranean Balearic Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 171 (1): 38-71, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12124
03A05C652F0D9553AA73FF01E414FB74.text	03A05C652F0D9553AA73FF01E414FB74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) beckmanni Gloer & Zettler 2007	<div><p>PSEUDAMNICOLA (PSEUDAMNICOLA) BECKMANNI GLÖER &amp; ZETTLER, 2007 (FIGS 4–9)</p> <p>Pseudamnicola tramuntanae Altaba, 2007: 27.</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>Fountain in Deyá, former washhouse on the outskirts of Deyá, Majorca, 39.746°N, 2.649°E (Glöer &amp; Zettler, 2007).</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype (ZMH 51012) and five paratypes (ZMH 21013) in Zoologischen Museum, Hamburg; nine paratypes in K.-H. Beckmann’s collection, five in Glöer’s collection, and 60 in Zettler’s collection.</p> <p>Localities</p> <p>After finding the washhouse in Deyá (type locality) completely dry in 2008, the specimens studied here were collected at El Rentador Spring (type locality of the junior synonym P. tramuntanae), near the washhouse on the outskirts of Deyá. The species has also been found in other localities on Majorca Island (see Supporting Information Appendix S1).</p> <p>Material examined for morphometry</p> <p>Shell, anatomical, operculum, and radular measurements (Appendix S2: Tables S1–S 7) taken from specimens from El Rentador Spring, Majorca. Male and female specimens were collected in April 2008.</p> <p>New diagnosis</p> <p>Shell with yellowish periostracum, last body whorl occupying around four-fifths of shell length and aperture slightly longer than wide; protoconch microsculpture with small pits; central tooth of radula with five wide, lateral cusps at each side; black pigmentation on intestine; pyriform bursa copulatrix; elongate seminal receptacle; renal oviduct black pigmented until the base of seminal receptacle; triangular penis with many folds over the entire surface and a small patch of pigmentation on its distal region; nervous system brown pigmented, ganglia darker than connectives; supraoesophageal connective at least eight times longer than suboesophageal; RPG ratio around 0.55.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Shell ovate-conic (Fig. 4A, D, G), yellowish with 3.5– 4.25 spire whorls and around 2–3 mm in height (Appendix S2: Table S1); protoconch approximately 375 μm in width with 1.5 whorls and a nucleus around 150 μm in length (Fig. 5A); protoconch with small pits and some folds near apex (Fig. 5B); last body whorl about four-fifths of total length; convex whorls and deep sutures; inner lip wider than outer; the edge of peristome is simple and straight (Fig. 4D).</p> <p>Operculum with approximately 2.5 whorls (Fig. 6A, B; Appendix S2: Table S2) and an oval muscle attachment area on the internal side located near the nucleus.</p> <p>Radula size medium (24%) relative to maximum shell dimension and six times longer than wide (Fig. 7A, Appendix S2: Table S3); around 55 rows of teeth; central tooth with a wide median cusp and five small lateral cusps (Fig. 7D, G); basal tongue V-shaped; lateral teeth with three relatively tapered lateral cusps; inner marginal tooth contains approxi- mately 15 cusps of decreasing size; outer marginal tooth with around 20 cusps smaller than inner marginal cusps (Fig. 7J).</p> <p>Pigmentation and anatomy</p> <p>Head with uniform brown pigment from snout to base of penis; pigmentation lighter on neck; ocular region lacks pigmentation (Fig. 8D); snout as long as wide with medium distal lobation; foot size intermediate with dorsal pigmentation. Ctenidium with 19–22 well-developed gill filaments situated in the middle of the pallial cavity; osphradium around 30% of ctenidium length, located in the opposite middle of the ctenidium (Fig. 9A, Appendix S2: Table S4). Stomach slightly wider than long with a medium- sized gastric caecum (Appendix S2: Table S4); style sac approximately as long as stomach; intestine pigmented (Fig. 9D).</p> <p>Female genitalia with a slightly lobulated albumen gland smaller than the capsule gland (Appendix S2: Table S5); bursa copulatrix pyriform with a duct similar or longer in length than bursa copulatrix; renal oviduct lies over bursa copulatrix making one or two loops, it is brown pigmented until insertion of seminal receptacle; elongate seminal receptacle with a short duct; situated on renal oviduct above the insertion of bursal duct (Fig. 8G).</p> <p>Male genitalia with a prostate gland three times longer than wide (Appendix S2: Table S6); vas efferens entering the medial−posterior region and vas deferens exiting at the anterior (Fig. 8A); triangular penis with a wide base, small pigment patch on distal portion and many folds over the entire surface of internal side (Fig. 8D); attached to central region of head.</p> <p>Nervous system brown pigmented, darker on ganglia than on connectives and commissures; cerebral ganglia equal in size; supraoesophageal connective approximately nine times longer than suboesophageal (Fig. 8J, Appendix S2: Table S7); nervous system elongate (mean RPG ratio 0.55); straight oesophagus running beneath nervous system.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>This species is mainly distributed along the Tramuntana mountain range in the north of Majorca Island, although it has also been found in a spring in Randa, a village situated in the centre of the island. The specimens from Randa seem to bear minor morphological and molecular differences compared with those from the other mountain localities for this species, which is reflected by the low level of genetic variability: average of 1.2% for COI, 0.53% for 16S, and 0.06% for 28S (Appendix S2: Table S8). The remaining Tramuntana populations show even less genetic divergence amongst them (means of 0.3% for COI, 0.4% for 16S, and 0.1% for 28S).</p> <p>In 1988, Boeters re-described the species P. (P.) subproducta and cited it not only from sites surrounding Banyolas Lake (type locality 1), an Iberian locality in Gerona province, but also from many sites on the islands of Majorca and Minorca. Moreover, he pointed to the existence of marked anatomical variability in characters of the shell and female and male genitalia. Boeters (1988) erroneously identified the populations in Majorca and Minorca as ‘ P. (P.) spirata ’ when in fact these populations belong to several different species, namely P. (P.) beckmanni (Boeters’ figs 55, 76, 82, 83), P. (P.) granjaensis and P. (P.) artanensis from Majorca, and P. (P.) meloussensis (Boeters’ figs 53, 54, 77, 84) from Minorca (see below). Our results show some discrepancies with Boeters’ drawings. For instance, focusing on the penis drawings of P. (P.) subproducta and P. (P.) beckmanni (numbers 75 and 76, respectively, in Boeters, 1988), the penis of P. (P.) beckmanni seems to be shorter; however, our morphometric study shows the opposite. Moreover, after dissecting some P. (P.) beckmanni females from several localities in Majorca, we observed that the bursa copulatrix is not as large as in Boeters’ drawings (numbers 82, 83, Boeters, 1988), although it is larger and with a longer duct than the bursa copulatrix of P. (P.) subproducta (number 81, Boeters, 1988). Thus, although showing certain similarities in shell habitus (Boeters’ numbers 55 and 56), P. (P.) beckmanni can be differentiated from P. (P.) subproducta by: (1) a shorter penis with a wider base and central attachment area, whereas the narrower base of the P. (P.) subproducta penis is attached behind the right eye; (2) a larger bursa copulatrix with a longer less pigmented duct in P. (P.) beckmanni than in P. (P.) subproducta; (3) a shorter prostate gland than in P. (P.) subproducta; and (4) an elongate nervous system (RPG ratio 0.55), whereas in P. (P.) subproducta, it is moderately concentrated (RPG ratio 0.45). Furthermore, molecular differences between these two species (7.7, 3, and 0.9% for COI, 16S, and 28S, respectively) confirm that they are different taxa.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A05C652F0D9553AA73FF01E414FB74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Machordom, Annie;Ramos, Marian A.	Delicado, Diana, Machordom, Annie, Ramos, Marian A. (2014): Vicariant versus dispersal processes in the settlement of Pseudamnicola (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Mediterranean Balearic Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 171 (1): 38-71, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12124
03A05C652F169551AA65FB35E2C5FF43.text	03A05C652F169551AA65FB35E2C5FF43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) granjaensis Gloer & Zettler 2007	<div><p>PSEUDAMNICOLA (PSEUDAMNICOLA) GRANJAENSIS GLÖER &amp; ZETTLER, 2007 (FIGS 4–9)</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>La Granja, Majorca, Balearic Islands, 39.671°N, 2.559°E (Glöer &amp; Zettler, 2007).</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype (ZMH 51002) and three paratypes (ZMH 51003) in Zoologischen Museum, Hamburg; three in Glöer’s collection, 41 in Zettler’s collection, and four in Beckmann’s collection.</p> <p>Localities</p> <p>This species is only known from the type locality. After exploring the area of La Granja, we found the species in one fountain near the exit of the gardens of the palace at La Granja, Esporles, Majorca (see Appendix S1).</p> <p>Material examined for morphometry</p> <p>Shell, anatomical, operculum, and radular measurements (Appendix S2: Tables S1–S 7) were taken from specimens collected from a ditch in La Granja, Esporles, Majorca. A total of ten specimens was collected in April 2008. Two males and a single female were studied anatomically.</p> <p>New diagnosis</p> <p>Shell with yellowish periostracum; last body whorl occupying about two-thirds of shell length; central tooth of radula with five tapered lateral cusps; long gastric caecum; black pigmentation on intestine; large pyriform bursa copulatrix; elongate seminal receptacle; renal oviduct black pigmented until insertion of seminal receptacle; penis gradually tapering with a small patch of pigmentation on the tip and attachment area central; supraoesophageal connective about six times longer than suboesophageal one; nervous system elongate (RPG ratio 0.60).</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Shell ovate-conic, yellowish (Fig. 4B, E, H) with 4.75– 5.50 spire whorls and a height of approximately 3.50−5 mm; protoconch about 500 μm in width with 1.4 whorls and a nucleus around 120 μm in length; protoconch microsculpture grooved (Fig. 5C, D); convex whorls and deep sutures; peristome orthocline; inner lip of aperture thicker than outer one; the edge of peristome is straight (Fig. 4E).</p> <p>Operculum with 3.5 whorls and an oval muscle attachment area located near the nucleus (Fig. 6C, D; Appendix S2: Table S2).</p> <p>Radula length intermediate (20% of total shell length) and approximately six times longer than wide (Fig. 7B; Appendix S2: Table S3); around 55 rows of teeth; central tooth with a tapered median cusp and five pointed lateral cusps (Fig. 7E, H); lateral teeth with three tapered cusps shorter than the central one; inner marginal teeth bear approximately 15 tapered cusps, shortening towards the base of tooth; outer marginal teeth also with about 15 tapered cusps (Fig. 7K).</p> <p>Pigmentation and anatomy</p> <p>Head dark brown pigmented from snout to neck (Fig. 8E); the pigmentation is lighter on neck; tentacles with medial longitudinal stripe lacking pigment; no pigment on ocular lobes; snout as long as wide, with a medium distal lobation; foot of intermediate length with pigmentation on dorsal region. Ctenidium in the middle region of pallial cavity with 20–25 gill filaments longer than wide; osphradium of intermediate width under central gill filaments (Fig. 9B, Appendix S2: Table S4). Stomach slightly longer than wide and posterior chamber slightly larger than the anterior one (Fig. 9E, Appendix S2: Table S4); long gastric caecum; style sac longer than wide and surrounded by intestine, which features a small stripe of brown pigment.</p> <p>Female genitalia with a pallial oviduct containing a capsule gland and an albumen gland of nearly equal size (Appendix S2: Table S5); large pyriform bursa copulatrix with a duct about two times shorter than bursa length; renal oviduct black pigmented until point of insertion of seminal receptacle; elongate seminal receptacle laying on renal oviduct slightly above the point where the bursal duct joins the renal oviduct (Fig. 8H).</p> <p>Male genitalia contain a prostate gland about three times longer than wide (Fig. 8B, Appendix S2: Table S6); penis gradually tapering with folds along the entire surface and a patch of brown pigment on its distal region; the base is attached to central area of the head (Fig. 8E).</p> <p>Nervous system dark brown pigmented; cerebral ganglia equal in size and darker than other ganglia and connectives; supraoesophageal connective approximately six times longer than suboesophageal one (Fig. 8K; Appendix S2: Table S7). Mean RPG ratio is 0.60 (elongate).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Boeters’ (1988) monograph recorded the species P. (P.) subproducta in Esporles, (‘Font d’en Bassina’). Nevertheless, we did not find this species in Esporles or its surroundings; rather, we found P. (P.) beckmanni and P. (P.) granjaensis. In addition to being genetically distant (7.9, 2.8, and 0.8% for COI, 16S, and 28S, respectively), P. (P.) subproducta and P. (P.) granjaensis can be further differentiated by several features: longer and more conic shells in P. (P.) granjaensis; larger penis presenting many folds along its inner surface in P. (P.) subproducta; longer bursa copulatrix and seminal receptacle in P. (P.) granjaensis; and a moderately concentrated nervous system in P. (P.) subproducta, but elongate in P. (P.) granjaensis.</p> <p>The species P. (P.) beckmanni also lives in the gardens of La Granja and is genetically close to P. (P.) granjaensis (0.5% for COI, 0.3% for 16S, and 0.05% for 28S). However, some anatomical and morphological differences exist between them. Pseudamnicola (P.) granjaensis is distinguishable from P. (P.) beckmanni by several features: a longer shell (mean of 4.28 mm, Appendix S2: Table S1; this measurement is greater than 2.9–3.0 mm, the length published in the original description of Glöer &amp; Zettler, 2007); a larger bursa copulatrix (Appendix S2: Table S5), but a proportionally shorter bursal duct; a larger prostate gland and longer, narrower penis (Appendix S2: Table S6); and longer nervous system connectives, and therefore, a higher RPG ratio.</p> <p>Although the conic shape and long size of P. (P.) granjaensis shells are two features more commonly associated with the subgenus Corrosella, both the molecular data and internal anatomy confirm this species as belonging to P. (Pseudamnicola).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A05C652F169551AA65FB35E2C5FF43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Machordom, Annie;Ramos, Marian A.	Delicado, Diana, Machordom, Annie, Ramos, Marian A. (2014): Vicariant versus dispersal processes in the settlement of Pseudamnicola (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Mediterranean Balearic Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 171 (1): 38-71, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12124
03A05C652F149550A9F4FEF6E2BEFC98.text	03A05C652F149550A9F4FEF6E2BEFC98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) artanensis Altaba 2007	<div><p>PSEUDAMNICOLA (PSEUDAMNICOLA) ARTANENSIS ALTABA, 2007 (FIGS 4–9)</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>Spring near Betlem Hermitage, Artá, Majorca, Balearic Islands (Altaba, 2007).</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype (CRA-6085-1) and 40 paratypes (CRA-6085) in Altaba’s personal collection.</p> <p>Localities</p> <p>This species has only been found at the type locality.</p> <p>Material examined for morphometry</p> <p>Shell, anatomical, operculum, and radular measurements (Appendix S2: Tables S1–S 7) correspond to specimens collected in April 2008 from a spring near Betlem Hermitage, Artá, Majorca.</p> <p>New diagnosis</p> <p>Shell slender, peristome with inner lip thicker than outer one; radula with six pointed lateral cusps on central tooth and three on lateral tooth; intestine pigmented; female genitalia with a pyriform J-shaped bursa copulatrix and an elongate seminal receptacle; long bursal duct proportional to bursa length; triangular penis with wide base, a small patch of black pigment on distal region and many folds over the entire inner surface; nervous system brown pigmented; supraoesophageal connective around five times longer than suboesophageal.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Shell with yellowish periostracum, 4–4.5 spire whorls (Fig. 4C, F, I, Appendix S2: Table S1) and height of between 3.00 and 3.50 mm; protoconch approximately 350 μm wide, with 1.3 whorls and a nucleus about 150 μm long; protoconch microsculpture granulated (Fig. 5E, F); body whorl about two-thirds of total length; peristome with thin outer lip and thick inner lip, which partially hides the umbilicus; edge of peristome simple and straight (Fig. 4F).</p> <p>Operculum translucent, with approximately 2.5 whorls; internal side bears a convex edge and oval muscle attachment near nucleus (Fig. 6E, F, Appendix S2: Table S2).</p> <p>Radula size small (&lt;15% of total shell length), four times longer than wide, and with around 35 rows of teeth (Fig. 7C, Appendix S2: Table S3); trapezoidal central tooth with a tongue-shaped median cusp and six pointed lateral cusps (Fig. 7F, I); lateral teeth with three tapered lateral cusps and a median cusp larger than the lateral cusps; inner and outer marginal teeth with around 20 cusps (Fig. 7L).</p> <p>Pigmentation and anatomy</p> <p>Head with dark brown pigment all over surface except on the edge of snout, around the ocular area, and along a medial longitudinal stripe of tentacles (Fig. 8F); dorsal region of foot pigmented; pigment on neck lighter than on the head; foot of intermediate size with anterior edge indented. Ctenidium with 17–20 well-developed gill filaments occupying most of the pallial cavity; osphradium located in opposite middle of ctenidium and two times longer than wide (Fig. 9C, Appendix S2: Table S4). Stomach with a posterior chamber larger than anterior chamber and style sac shorter than stomach, longer than wide (Appendix S2: Table S4); the portion of the intestine surrounding style sac dark pigmented (Fig. 9F).</p> <p>Female genitalia with a capsule gland slightly longer than albumen gland (Appendix S2: Table S5); bursa copulatrix pyriform J-shaped with a long bursal duct almost as long as bursa copulatrix; elongate seminal receptacle attached a little above the distal end of renal oviduct; renal oviduct pigmented making one or two loops, later it continues straight from the loop until insertion of the bursal duct; pigmentation along renal oviduct decreases from loop to seminal receptacle (Fig. 8I).</p> <p>Male genitalia with a prostate gland about three times longer than wide (Appendix S2: Table S6); vas efferens entering the medial−posterior region and vas deferens exiting at the anterior (Fig. 8C); triangular penis with a wide base, small pigmented patch on the distal section and many folds over the entire inner surface (Fig. 8F); attached to central region of head; with a highly curved penial duct along its right side.</p> <p>Nervous system brown pigmented, darker on ganglia than on connectives and commissures; cerebral ganglia equal in size; supraoesophageal connective five times longer than suboesophageal one (Fig. 8L, Appendix S2: Table S7); RPG ratio 0.50 (moderately concentrated); straight oesophagus running beneath nervous system.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Until now, this species was only known from the type locality. It was originally assigned to the species P. (P.) subproducta by Boeters (1988), although Altaba later described it as a new species (Altaba, 2007). In Altaba’s description, the penis seems to be longer and narrower than the sizes found in our observations. This difference may be because our specimens were fixed directly in ethanol without first being anaesthetized, and thus, the penis may have contracted during the process. Nevertheless, the differences between P. (P.) artanensis and P. (P.) subproducta are based on a combination of characters. Despite bearing the same number of spire whorls, the shell of P. (P.) artanensis is longer and narrower; the bursa copulatrix, bursal duct, and seminal receptacle are also longer and the number of lateral cups in the central teeth is also higher in P. (P.) artanensis. However, the male genitalia (i.e. prostate gland and penis) present similar dimensions in both species. Additionally, the genetic distances between them are 7.3% for COI, 3.1% for 16S, and 1.8% for 28S, confirming that they are separate species.</p> <p>Relative to the other species from Majorca, P. (P.) artanensis can be distinguished by having an shell size intermediate between the shell sizes of P. (P.) beckmanni and P. (P.) granjaensis (Appendix S2: Table S1), a greater number of cusps in the central, inner, and outer marginal teeth of the radula (Appendix S2: Table S3), the longest bursal duct, the largest penis, and a similar RPG ratio to P. (P.) beckmanni but lower than P. (P.) granjaensis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A05C652F149550A9F4FEF6E2BEFC98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Machordom, Annie;Ramos, Marian A.	Delicado, Diana, Machordom, Annie, Ramos, Marian A. (2014): Vicariant versus dispersal processes in the settlement of Pseudamnicola (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Mediterranean Balearic Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 171 (1): 38-71, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12124
03A05C652F159556A9A9FC9FE55AF8D7.text	03A05C652F159556A9A9FC9FE55AF8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) meloussensis Altaba 2007	<div><p>PSEUDAMNICOLA (PSEUDAMNICOLA) MELOUSSENSIS ALTABA, 2007</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>Stream at Macarella Creek, Minorca, Balearic Islands (Altaba, 2007).</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype (CRA- -1) and paratypes (CRA-) in Altaba’s personal collection.</p> <p>Other populations studied</p> <p>To assess the localities from Minorca published by Boeters (1988), we returned to the island and found most of them destroyed, mainly as a result of the construction of pipes and irrigation systems. Nevertheless, localities in the south, including the type locality, were conserved and hence, they were the populations examined in this study (see Supporting Information Appendix S 1).</p> <p>Specimens examined for morphometry</p> <p>Shell, anatomical, operculum, and radular measurements (Appendix S 2: Tables S1–S 7) were carried out on male and female specimens collected from a stream at Macarella Creek (type locality), Minorca in December 2007.</p> <p>New diagnosis</p> <p>Shell with a bulging, inflated body whorl occupying around four-fifths of shell length; central radular tooth with five lateral cusps decreasing in size; bursa copulatrix pyriform and bursal duct about 75% of the length of bursa copulatrix; elongate seminal receptacle; black-pigmented renal oviduct with pigment fading from loop to insertion of seminal receptacle; penis shape between triangular and tapered with rounded tip, small patch of pigmentation on distal section and folds over entire inner surface; in most of the cases, with a constriction in the beginning of the distal region; brown-pigmented nervous system with darker cerebral ganglia, and supraoesophageal connective more than eight times longer than suboesophageal one.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Shell ovate-conic, yellowish periostracum with 3.75– 4.50 spire whorls and a height between 2.5 and 3.5 mm (Fig. 10A–C, Appendix S2: Table S1); body whorl well developed, about four-fifths of shell length; deep suture and convex spire whorls; protoconch with approximately 1.3 whorls; protoconch and nucleus width around 450 and 125 μm, respectively (Fig. 10E, F); protoconch microsculpture granulated (Fig. 10G); oval aperture with thin outer lip and slightly thicker inner lip; wide umbilicus; edge of peristome straight (Fig. 10D).</p> <p>Operculum with around 2.5 spire whorls and an oval muscle attachment area near the nucleus (Fig. 11A, B, Appendix S2: Table S2).</p> <p>Radula length medium (25%) relative to maximum shell dimension (Fig. 11C, Appendix S2: Table S3); with approximately 50 rows of teeth; central tooth with a large median cusp followed on each side by five small cusps decreasing in size (Fig. 11D, E); lateral teeth with three sharp lateral cusps; inner marginal teeth with approximately 18 tapered cusps and outer marginal teeth with around 12 tapered cusps smaller than inner marginal cusps (Fig. 11F).</p> <p>Pigmentation and anatomy</p> <p>Head brown pigmented, less pigmentation on tentacles and neck; lack of pigmentation on edge of snout and ocular area (Fig. 12F); foot intermediate in size and with dark brown pigment on its dorsal side. Ctenidium well developed with 18–20 gill filaments longer than wide, occupying the middle section of pallial cavity; osphradium in opposite middle region of ctenidium (Fig. 12C, Appendix S2: Table S4). Stomach slightly longer than wide (Appendix S2: Table S4); oesophagus and intestine lack pigmentation (Fig. 12E); rectum S-shaped in pallial cavity.</p> <p>Female genitalia with capsule gland longer than albumen gland (Fig. 12G, Appendix S2: Table S5); bursa copulatrix pyriform and bursal duct about 75% of the length of bursa copulatrix; elongate seminal receptacle without duct, situated on renal oviduct above the insertion of bursal duct; black-pigmented renal oviduct, pigment fading from loop to insertion of seminal receptacle; renal oviduct lies over bursa copulatrix making one or two loops (Fig. 12H).</p> <p>Male genitalia with a bean-shaped prostate gland approximately four times longer than wide (Fig. 12D, Appendix S2: Table S6); penis shape between triangular and tapered with rounded tip and folds over entire surface, folds thicker near the tip; it is attached to the central area of the head; in most specimens, there is a constriction at the beginning of the distal region; small patch of pigmentation on distal section of penis (Fig. 12F); penial duct runs straight (although wavy in some specimens), near the outer edge of the penis.</p> <p>Nervous system with darker cerebral ganglia than connectives and commissures; cerebral ganglia approximately equal in size; supraoesophageal con- nective eight times longer than suboesophageal one (Fig. 12B, Appendix S2: Table S7); RPG ratio 0.60 (elongate); oesophagus runs straight underneath nervous system (Fig. 12A).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The type locality presents two shell morphotypes, one that is smaller with a more rounded aperture (Fig. 10A) and the other that has a larger last body whorl and wider umbilicus and aperture (Fig. 10C). The first morphotype is similar to the one in the original description (Altaba, 2007). However, both morphotypes from S. Juan de Carbonell, Minorca were figured by Boeters (1988: figs 53, 54). Anatomically, only minor differences are found between the morphotypes, mainly in penis features: the penis of the second morphotype is more slender and tapered. The greatest genetic distance amongst individuals of this population is 2% for COI, which is insufficient to consider them different species.</p> <p>The general shapes of the shell and penis for the other examined localities are a smaller shell and less tapered penis. However, the penis tip is less pointed than that of Boeters’ descriptions for specimens from Minorca (Boeters, 1988: fig. 77). The female genitalia are similar to figure 84 of Boeters (1988). There is low anatomical variability within and amongst populations; however, a certain level of genetic divergence exists amongst them. Specimens collected from Ses Penyes are genetically the most divergent of the Minorcan specimens (the greatest genetic distance observed was 2.58% for COI). This locality is geographically the most isolated compared to the other localities, which may decrease gene flow.</p> <p>Boeters (1988) assigned some populations from Minorca to P. (P.) subproducta, claiming that some intraspecific variability existed for this group. However, despite sharing shell dimensions and the number of spire whorls, we conclude that the studied populations from Minorca belong to a different species group, namely P. (P.) meloussensis. This species differs from P. (P.) subproducta in a number of characters as follows: (1) longer stomach style sac; (2) larger capsule gland and bursa copulatrix; (3) longer penis; (4) elongate nervous system (RPG ratio of 0.60); and (5) genetically, having divergences of 5.6% for COI, 1.5% for 16S, and 1.1% for 28S.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A05C652F159556A9A9FC9FE55AF8D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Machordom, Annie;Ramos, Marian A.	Delicado, Diana, Machordom, Annie, Ramos, Marian A. (2014): Vicariant versus dispersal processes in the settlement of Pseudamnicola (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Mediterranean Balearic Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 171 (1): 38-71, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12124
03A05C652F109559A980F9C7E2F4FA1C.text	03A05C652F109559A980F9C7E2F4FA1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) subproducta Paladilhe 1869	<div><p>PSEUDAMNICOLA (PSEUDAMNICOLA) SUBPRODUCTA (PALADILHE, 1869) (FIGS 13–15)</p> <p>Amnicola spirata Paladilhe, 1869, Nouv. Miscel. Malac., p. 108, pl. v, fig. 10, 11. (Feb. 1869).</p> <p>Amnicola subproducta Paladilhe, 1869, Nouv. Miscel. Malac., p. 140; note additionelle (Feb. 1869). nom. nov. pro Amnicola spirata.</p> <p>Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) spirata (Paladilhe): Boeters, 1988.</p> <p>Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) subproducta (Paladilhe): Soler, Moreno, Araujo &amp; Ramos, 2006. Graellsia, 62: 212. comb. nov.</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>(1) Surrounding areas of Banyoles (Catalonia) and (2) near Salses (eastern Pyrenees) (Paladilhe, 1869).</p> <p>According to Boeters (1988), the syntypes from locality (1) Gerona, Banyoles, were collected from a ditch at the north end of the lake, fed by a spring in a brick culvert and a stream that, after about 100 m, flows into Banyoles Lake.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Not determined. Other populations studied</p> <p>After several visits to Banyolas Lake, we did not find P. (P.) subproducta but only Potamopyrgus antipodarum. However, a few specimens from a single population found in the area surrounding Salses (Font Estramar, near Perpignan, France) were collected and studied. Based on these specimens, we confirm that these belong to P. (P.) subproducta. In addition, this species was found in several localities in the north-eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula (see Supporting Information Appendix S1).</p> <p>Specimens examined for morphometry</p> <p>Shell, anatomical, operculum, and radular measurements (Appendix S2: Tables S1–S 7) were taken from male and female specimens from Baltasar Ullal and Ontígola Lagoon in the provinces of Tarragona and Madrid (Spain), respectively. These two localities were examined because the species is very abundant, and many specimens per population could be obtained.</p> <p>New diagnosis</p> <p>Shell yellowish with a body whorl occupying threequarters of shell length and a deep suture between whorls; protoconch microsculpture grooved or granulated; central radular tooth with five lateral cusps; style sac surrounded by an intestine, usually pigmented; pyriform bursa copulatrix; elongate seminal receptacle without duct; triangular penis with a small black patch of pigmentation in its distal region and folds over the entire surface; nervous system brown pigmented with supraoesophageal connective about seven times longer than suboesophageal.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Shell ovate-conic with 3.25–4.50 spire whorls, with a height of between 2.0 and 3.75 mm (Fig. 13A–C, Appendix S2: Table S1); periostracum yellowish; protoconch approximately 400 μm wide with 1.5 whorls and a nucleus around 100 μm long (Fig. 13E, F); protoconch microsculpture either grooved or granulated, more intense on apex (Fig. 13G, H); body whorl about three-quarters of the total length; teleoconch whorls convex with a deep suture; peri- stome orthocline; aperture with an inner lip thicker than outer lip; umbilicus marked; peristome margin simple, straight (Fig. 13D).</p> <p>Operculum with approximately 2.5 whorls on internal side; oval muscular attachment mark is near the nucleus (Fig. 14A, B, Appendix S2: Table S2).</p> <p>Radula approximately five times longer than wide (Fig. 14C, Appendix S2: Table S3) and intermediate in size (17% of total shell length); contains around 35 rows of teeth; central tooth with five pointed lateral cusps on each side of a larger central cusp (Fig. 14D, E); lateral teeth contain a tongue-shaped central cusp and three lateral cusps; inner and outer marginal teeth both have 20 cusps each, which become smaller towards the tooth base (Fig. 14F).</p> <p>Pigmentation and anatomy</p> <p>Head and tentacles pigmented dark brown, but pigment absent in ocular lobe regions, edge of snout, and along a longitudinal stripe on tentacles (Fig. 15F); foot intermediate in size with dark brown pigmentation on its dorsal side. Ctenidium in the middle of the pallial cavity and contains around 20 gill filaments that are longer than wide; osphradium opposite middle section of ctenidium (Fig. 15C, Appendix S2: Table S4). Stomach and style sac slightly longer than wide (Appendix S2: Table S4); anterior region of the style sac surrounded by a pigmented intestine (Fig. 15E); rectum slightly S-shaped in pallial cavity.</p> <p>Female genitalia with a pallial oviduct containing a capsule gland approximately as long as the albumen gland (Fig. 15G, Appendix S2: Table S5); pyriform bursa copulatrix with a duct usually longer than bursa length; renal oviduct black pigmented until loop; elongate seminal receptacle with a short duct inserted slightly above the point where the bursal duct joins the renal oviduct (Fig. 15H).</p> <p>Male genitalia bear a prostate gland about three times longer than wide (Fig. 15D, Appendix S2: Table S6); penis triangular with rounded tip and a patch of brown pigment, which varies in size, on its distal region; folds present over its entire surface; the base is attached to central area of the head (Fig. 15F).</p> <p>Nervous system brown pigmented, but ganglia darker than connectives and commissures; cerebral ganglia equal in size; supraoesophageal connective approximately seven times longer than suboesophageal (Fig. 15A, B; Appendix S2: Table S7). Mean RPG ratio 0.45 (moderately concentrated).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The species P. (P.) subproducta has been cited for the Iberian Peninsula, southern France, and the islands of Majorca and Minorca (Boeters, 1988). However, after studying populations from these three regions, we conclude that the species occurs only in the Iberian Peninsula and southern France, and that the populations from the islands actually belong to the species P. (P.) beckmanni, P. (P.) granjaensis, P. (P.) artanensis, and P. (P.) meloussensis. Although all of these species share features with P. (P.) subproducta, such as an ovate-conic shell, a triangular penis, a pyriform bursa copulatrix, and an elongate seminal receptacle, P. (P.) subproducta can be differentiated from the others by its smaller bursa copulatrix, shorter bursal duct, and moderately concentrated nervous system (RPG ratio around 0.45), and, in most of the examined specimens, an oesophagus that moves from side to side underneath the nervous system.</p> <p>Within the Iberian Peninsula, this species has a wide, but noncontiguous, distribution range, and therefore, some populations are isolated. This fragmented distribution may lend itself to intraspecific variation and account for the observation that individuals from Font Estramar show a more depressed shell (Fig. 13B) and smaller penis, whereas those from Baltasar Ullal have larger shells yet most of their internal organs are smaller than in specimens from Ontígola Lagoon. Furthermore, protoconch microsculpture is grooved in Baltasar Ullal shells and granulated in Ontígola Lagoon ones (Fig. 13G, H). Genetically, the greatest divergences exist between a spring in Les Borges (Catalonia) and Ontígola Lagoon localities, reaching as high as 3.2% for COI.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A05C652F109559A980F9C7E2F4FA1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Machordom, Annie;Ramos, Marian A.	Delicado, Diana, Machordom, Annie, Ramos, Marian A. (2014): Vicariant versus dispersal processes in the settlement of Pseudamnicola (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Mediterranean Balearic Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 171 (1): 38-71, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12124
03A05C652F1C955EA9E2FA1AE2AAFA0A.text	03A05C652F1C955EA9E2FA1AE2AAFA0A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudamnicola (Pseudamnicola) gasulli Boeters 1981	<div><p>PSEUDAMNICOLA (PSEUDAMNICOLA) GASULLI BOETERS, 1981 (FIGS 16–18)</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>Hotel Fenicia, Santa Eulalia, Ibiza (Boeters, 1981).</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Holotype SMF 253582; paratypes SMF 253583 /1, RMNH, GAS, and BOE 856 and 929.</p> <p>Other populations studied</p> <p>After several visits to the area surrounding the Hotel Fenicia (type locality), we did not find the species either in the Santa Eulalia River or in a wetland situated near the hotel. We also did not find this species in the Rambla locality from Puerto de la Cadena in Murcia province, Spain (Suárez &amp; Vidal-Abarca, 1983; Boeters, 1988). However, this species was eventually found and collected in several locations from Almería province (Spain) (see Supporting Information Appendix S1).</p> <p>Material examined for morphometry</p> <p>Shell, anatomical, operculum, and radular measurements were taken from specimens collected at two localities, both located in Almería province (Spain): at Retamar Rambla and a stream at Barranco de las Negras. Both males and females were dissected and measured (Appendix S2: Tables S1–S 7).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Shell ovate-conic, yellowish with body whorl occupying two-thirds of shell length; whorls convex with deep sutures; protoconch microsculpture granulated; central radular tooth formula 4(5)−C−4(5); pigmented intestine; pyriform bursa copulatrix with a duct approximately one and a half times longer than bursal length; absence of seminal receptacle; prostate gland twice as long as wide; strap-like penis dark pigmented, with a narrow base attached to central area of head; nervous system brown pigmented with supraoesophageal connective about five times longer than suboesophageal.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Shell ovate-conic (Fig. 16A–C), yellowish periostracum with 4–5.5 spire whorls, and a height of between 2.0 and 4.0 mm (Appendix S2: Table S1); protoconch approximately 375 μm wide with 1.5 whorls and a nucleus around 100 μm long (Fig. 16E, F); protoconch microsculpture granulated (Fig. 16G); body whorl about two-thirds of the total length; whorls convex with deep suture; peristome frontal, complete, oval, with thick inner lip partially hiding umbilicus; outer peristome simple, straight (Fig. 16D).</p> <p>Operculum corneous, yellowish, thin, pliable, ellipsoidal, paucispiral, with nucleus submarginal (Fig. 17A, B; Appendix S2: Table S2); oval muscle attachment near nucleus.</p> <p>Radula medium in size (15% total shell length) with around 50 rows of teeth, (Fig. 17C; Appendix S2: Table S3); central tooth with a pointed median cusp and four or five pointed lateral cusps (Fig. 17D, E); lateral teeth with a long, tongue-shaped median cusp and four tapered lateral cusps; inner and outer marginal teeth bear approximately 20 and 22 sharp cusps, respectively (Fig. 17D, F).</p> <p>Pigmentation and anatomy</p> <p>Head intensely brown pigmented from snout to neck except around ocular lobes (Fig. 18F); pigment on neck less pigmented than on head; tentacles pigmented except along a longitudinal stripe; snout as long as wide, with medial lobation; foot of intermediate length, pigmented on dorsal region. Ctenidium in the anterior region of pallial cavity with about 18–23 gill filaments; osphradium ellipsoidal under central gill filaments (Fig. 18C, Appendix S2: Table S4). Stomach slightly longer than wide (Appendix S2: Table S4); style sac slightly shorter than stomach, surrounded by the intestine, slightly pigmented in its proximal part (Fig. 18E).</p> <p>Female genitalia with a pallial oviduct about three times longer than wide (Fig. 18G, Appendix S2: Table S5); capsule gland and albumen gland similar in size; the capsule gland is thicker in posterior region; pyriform bursa copulatrix with a duct approximately one and a half times longer than bursa length; in some specimens, bursal duct has a thickening of the duct in its mid-section; renal oviduct black pigmented until loop and very coiled; absence of seminal receptacle (Fig. 18H).</p> <p>Male genitalia bear a bean-like prostate gland about two times longer than wide (Fig. 18D, Appendix S2: Table S6); strap-like penis with black pigment in the middle region and a narrow base attached to central area of head (Fig. 18F); coiled penis observed in some living specimens; uncoiled vas deferens running straight, close to the external margin.</p> <p>Nervous system brown pigmented, cerebral ganglia equal in size and darker than other ganglia, connectives and commissures; supraoesophageal ganglion larger than suboesophageal; supraoesophageal connective around five times longer than suboesophageal (Fig. 18A, B; Appendix S2: Table S7). Mean RPG ratio 0.50 (elongate).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>In 1981, Boeters described this species from the island of Ibiza. It was also later discovered in the provinces of Almería (Boeters, 1988) and Murcia (Suárez &amp; Vidal-Abarca, 1983). After visiting all of these regions, we only found the species in some localities from Almería province; hence, we can only compare anatomical features of the collected specimens from Almería with Boeters’ illustrations. The intraspecific variability is mainly reflected in the sizes of the shell, penis, and bursa copulatrix. Individuals from these localities share characteristics originally described for this species (Boeters, 1981); that is, an ovate-conic shell, a pyriform bursa copulatrix, the absence of a seminal receptacle, and a strap-like penis with black pigment in the middle region.</p> <p>These characteristics, especially the absence of a seminal receptacle and the presence of a strap-like penis, make P. (P.) gasulli exceptional within the genus as all other Pseudamnicola species share these traits. Another important difference in character state is the size of the prostate gland: P. (P.) gasulli has the smallest prostate gland of any of the species within the genus. Genetically, this species is distant from species of both Pseudamnicola subgenera. For instance, P. (P.) gasulli differs from P. (Corrosella) spp. by 11.1% for COI, 8.0% for 16S, and 5.6% for 28S and by 12% for COI, 6.4% for 16S, and 6.4% for 28S from the other Ibero-Balearic P. (Pseudamnicola) spp.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A05C652F1C955EA9E2FA1AE2AAFA0A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delicado, Diana;Machordom, Annie;Ramos, Marian A.	Delicado, Diana, Machordom, Annie, Ramos, Marian A. (2014): Vicariant versus dispersal processes in the settlement of Pseudamnicola (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) in the Mediterranean Balearic Islands. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 171 (1): 38-71, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12124
