identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A0162AE944FFAADB04FA0F7F3B1A58.text	03A0162AE944FFAADB04FA0F7F3B1A58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Strophomena pectenoides Andreeva 1961	<div><p>Strophomena pectenoides Andreeva in Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva, 1961 (Fig. 2)</p> <p>Strophomena ? pectenoides Andreeva in Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva, 1961: 184, pl. XXXIX, figs 1-6. — Lopushinskaya 1976: 39, pl. III, figs 16-19.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 10 isolated valves from loc. 13, beds 21, 112, Matusevich River, loc. 32, bed 21, Ushakov River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Vodopad Formation.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The specimens have a well developed narrow interarea, small chilidium, and narrow pseudodeltidium. There is a flattened dorsal umbo and a convex median part passing into a prominent sulcus. The shell is covered by fine rounded ribs which intercalate with even finer secondary ones. Low massive dental plates, teeth, and a large subquadrate muscle field with small oval adductors are developed in the ventral interior. The shells are similar to Strophomena kulumbensis Lopushinskaya, 1967 from Chamba, Talikit and Meik formations of East Siberia, but differ from that in possessing more frequent, unequal multicostellae and a chilidium larger than the pseudodeltidium (Lopushins k a y a 1 9 6 7: 8 9, p l. X X, f i g s 3-6). O. N. Andreeva (Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva 1961: 185) attributed pectenoides to Strophomena with a query, because there were no specimens with a ventral muscle field, and noted their resemblance to Coolinia pecten (Linnaeus, 1758). However, the available facts show that the taxon belongs to Strophomena.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE944FFAADB04FA0F7F3B1A58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE944FFADD8CCFB137F7D1DF4.text	03A0162AE944FFADD8CCFB137F7D1DF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rafinesquina Hall & Clarke 1892	<div><p>Rafinesquina ? stropheodontoides (Savage, 1913) (Fig. 3)</p> <p>Brachyprion stropheodontoides Savage, 1913: 119, pl. 6, fig. 4.</p> <p>Rafinesquina ? inaequicostata Lopushinskaya, 1967: 87, pl. XX, fig. 2.</p> <p>Rafinesquina ? stropheodontoides – Amsden 1974: 52, pl. 12, figs 2-4, pl. 13, fig. 1.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 13 specimens (separate ventral and dorsal valves and their fragments), from loc. 13A, bed 124, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Vodopad Formation.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The specimens are characterized by a concavoconvex, subquadrate general outline of shell, lack of a well defined geniculation, and a low interarea. The hinge line is straight, and the cardinal extremities are alate. The surface is finely costellated, with four to five minor costellae, presented in the interspaces between the major ribs. A single, straight, strong median costa extends along the whole shell length. Other costae curve near</p> <p>A</p> <p>B</p> <p>the cardinal extremities. The costellae are crossed by short and undulate rugae.</p> <p>The shape and ornamentation of R.? stropheodontoides are similar to those of R. crispa Andreeva, 1961 studied from the Dolborian Stage of East Siberia (Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva 1961: 159, pl. XXIX, figs 5, 6). The distinguishing features of the former include a median thickened rib and irregular thickening ribs. These are the earliest representatives of the genus found in the Arctic region. They have previously been known only from the Edgewood Formation (Ashgill-lowermost Llandovery) of North America.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE944FFADD8CCFB137F7D1DF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE943FFACD964FBAC79A01B94.text	03A0162AE943FFACD964FBAC79A01B94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pentlandina Bancroft 1949	<div><p>Pentlandina ? sp. (Fig. 4)</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — A single shell, embedded in rock matrix, from loc. 29a, Lednikovaya River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: fig. 1); Vodopad Formation.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>A single small shell (L = 6.7 mm, W = 1.1 mm) with biconvex profile, semielliptical outline, deep ventral sinus, and prominent dorsal sulcus is attributed to Pentlandina ? sp. The hinge line is shorter than the maximum width. The ventral interarea has a large delthyrium, closed by pseudodeltidium. A small chilidium is filled by a bilobate cardinal process. Ornament is parvicostellate with new ribs intercalating. Shells of Pentlandina from the middle Llandovery of West Shropshire have the same size and shape (Cocks 1968: 293, pl. I, fig. 13). However, the specimens from Severnaya Zemlya lack any sign of the ventral muscle field well visible on the shells from Shropshire.</p> <p>Family STROPHEODONTIDAE Caster, 1939</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE943FFACD964FBAC79A01B94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE942FFAFDB1FFA0C794B1D54.text	03A0162AE942FFAFDB1FFA0C794B1D54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachyprion ruminatus Modzalevskaya 2003	<div><p>Brachyprion ruminatus n. sp. (Fig. 5)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — N 9/12991, CNIGR Museum, St. Petersburg (Fig. 5A, B), ventral valve; L = 20.1 mm, W = 26.1 mm.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From ruminatus (Latin): chewed.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Loc. 11, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island.</p> <p>FORMATION. — Samojlovich Formation.</p> <p>AGE. —?Llandovery,?Telychian.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Seven ventral valves partly buried in matrix with only their disc exposed, and dorsal valve impressions from loc. 11, bed 14 (1-A), and three specimens from loc. 12, bed 9, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5).</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS (IN MM). — L = 16.0-20.3, W = 17.4- 26.1.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Small concavoconvex stropheodontids with subquadrate outline, unequally parvicostellate with strongly incurved rugae; cardinal extremities extended into acute ears.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Shells small (less than 2 cm in length), concavoconvex of subquadrate outline, finely parvicostellate. Hinge line straight, cardinal extremities extended into acute ears. Ventral valve with sharply defined geniculation in midlength. Beak small, umbo convex. Ventral interarea narrow, long and orthocline. The hinge line denticulation occupies the middle of interarea. Diagnostic features include four to five strongly incurved rugae oriented parallel to each other. Radial ornament comprises unequally wavy parvicostellae, between there are two to seven fine, unequal striae. Thickened and more distinguished ribs are present anteriorly. A very weak fold is developed near the anterior border. Ventral muscle field is weakly impressed and divided by narrow median ridge. The cardinal process lobes on the inner side of dorsal valve are not joined at their base.</p> <p>VARIATION</p> <p>Young specimens have relatively flat ventral valves, but the rugae are clearly shown on the pedicle ring, which make them similar to leptaenids. The rugae of the adult specimens are smoother, and the shells are characterized by well distinguished geniculation.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Megastrophia (Protomegastrophia) walmstedti (Lindström, 1861), described by Bassett &amp;</p> <p>Cocks (1974: 16, pl. 3, figs 5-9) from the lower Visby Beds (Telychian) of Gotland, is the closest species. Its specimens differ from those of Brachyprion ruminatus n. sp. in having larger size and well developed rugae on the v e n t r a l v a l v e. Brachyprion omnutakensis, described by Lopushinskaya (1967: 90, pl. XX, figs 7-10) from the Omnutakh Formation, lacks rugae but possesses acute ears and bears unequal wavy striae of two orders. The pattern of ornamentation, including the form and distribution of rugae, on the ventral disc are similar to those of Brachyprion polaris Andreeva in Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva, 1961 (Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva 1961: 189, pl. XL, figs 6-10), but the new species is distinguished from the Siberian one by its sharp concentric rugae and cardinal ears.</p> <p>Family CHILIDIOPSIDAE Boucot, 1959</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE942FFAFDB1FFA0C794B1D54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE941FFAFDADFFC4C78191B75.text	03A0162AE941FFAFDADFFC4C78191B75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coolinia gracilis (Andreeva 1961)	<div><p>Coolinia gracilis (Andreeva in Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva, 1961) (Fig. 6)</p> <p>Schellwienella gracilis Andreeva in Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva, 1961: 192, pl. XLI, figs 3-8.</p> <p>Coolinia gracilis – Lopushinskaya 1991: 53, pl. I, fig. 6.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Four specimens embedded in rock matrix from loc. 13A, beds 124 and 140, Matusevich River; two specimens from loc. 32, beds 6- 7, Ushakov River; and two specimens from loc. 29a, Lednikovaya River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 1, 2, 5, 6); Vodopad Formation.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The specimens are characteristically relatively large in size (L = 20.5-24.8 mm, W = 19.7-26.0 mm). Unequally biconvex or slightly convexoconcave shells are rounded in general outline, and possess a radial parvicostellate ornament with one or two new costellae arising exclusively by intercalation. Coarse concentric growth filae are presented across the costellae. The external morphology of the studied shells is typical of C. gracilis, but the dimensions of the chilidium and pseudodeltidium are not clear. O. N. Andreeva noted the low plane ventral unterarea with delthyrium bearing a small, flat pseudodel- t i d i u m i n i t s a p e x o n S i b e r i a n s p e c i m e n s (Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva 1961: 192). Coolinia gracilis a p p e a r s b e f o r e C. gorbiyatchensis Lopushinskaya, 1976 from Talikit and Omnutakh formations, and differs in larger size and equally spaced ribs (Lopushinskaya 1976: 95, pl. XXI, figs 11-13). The species resembles Coolinia propinqua (Meek &amp; Worthen, 1868), redescribed by Amsden (1974: 57, pl. 2, fig. 3, pl. 3, figs 1-5, pl. 4, fig. 1) from the Edgewood Formation in the Alexandrian Series of North America. The latter may be a senior synonym of C. gracilis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE941FFAFDADFFC4C78191B75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE941FFAED91CFA6C7FFB1CD4.text	03A0162AE941FFAED91CFA6C7FFB1CD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Morinorhynchus Havlicek 1965	<div><p>Genus Morinorhynchus Havlic˘ek, 1965</p> <p>Morinorhynchus proprius (Lopushinskaya, 1965) (Fig. 7)</p> <p>Schuchertella propria Lopushinskaya, 1965: 25, pl. I, figs 5-8.</p> <p>Morinorhynchus proprius – Lopushinskaya 1991: 55, pl. I, figs 9-12.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Seven specimens from loc. 2, bed 66, loc. 11, beds 6B and 11, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Srednij and Samojlovich formations.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>These are small shells (L = 8.3-9.5 mm, W = 7.6?- 11.6 mm, T = 1.4-1.9 mm). The delthyrium is closed by a large pseudodeltidium and a small, almost linear chilidium under which a bilobated cardinal process is situated. The radial ornament is multicostellate. The costellae are rounded, and are increasing by five orders of intercalation. Fine concentric growth-lines cross the costellae. That is why the specimens may be assigned to the genus Morinorhynchus. M. proprius was described by Lopushinskaya from the Omnutakh, Khukta, and Makus formations of East Siberia (Lopushinskaya 1965: 25). It can probably be mixed with Schuchertella cf. subplana Poulsen, 1943. The juvenile specimen illustrated by Poulsen (1943: 22, pl. 1, figs 22-24) from the Silurian of Greenland as M. cf. plana Conrad, 1842 is similar to M. proprius in having the same shell shape, and a similar pattern of costellae. M. cf. plana of Poulsen (1943) is also similar to M. attenuatus Amsden, 1951 from the Henryhouse Formation of North America (Amsden 1951: 84, pl. 17, figs 9-14), and from the Khatanzeya and Greben stages in the western Urals and Russian Arctic. However, M. proprius differs from M. cf. plana in having a rounded outline and lower number of costellae.</p> <p>Superfamily CHONETOIDEA Bronn, 1862 Family CHONETIDAE Bronn, 1862 Genus Sinochonetes Wang, Boucot &amp; Rong, 1981</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE941FFAED91CFA6C7FFB1CD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE940FFA0D91BFD2C794F1D14.text	03A0162AE940FFA0D91BFD2C794F1D14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinochonetes wangi Racheboeuf 1987	<div><p>Sinochonetes wangi Racheboeuf, 1987 (Fig. 8)</p> <p>Sinochonetes wangi Racheboeuf, 1987: 11, pl. 3, figs 15-21.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Shells embedded in the coquina from loc. 21581, Krasnaya Bay, Komsomolets Island (Männik et al. 2002: fig. 1); Severnaya Zemlya or Pod”emnaya formations.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The dimensions of the shells vary from 6.5 to 9.6 mm in length and from 10.0 to 14.0 mm in width; the average L/W ratio is 0.63. Anderidia diverges anteriorly and fuses with cardinalia posteriorly at 60°. Cardinal process is internally bilobed with additional, poorly developed lateral lobes, and is posteriorly closed by chilidium. The external and internal morphology of both valves are typical of the genus Sinochonetes, and our specimens are morphologically identical with S. wangi described from the lower Emsian(?) strata of Ellesmere Island (Canadian Arctic). S. wangi differs from the type species, S. minutisulcatus Hou &amp; Xian, 1975 (Siegenian of South China, Hou &amp; Xian 1975: 25, pl. 1, figs 3, 4), in having finer costellae (7-10 per 1 mm), more numerous spines (five), and a poorly developed ventral sinus.</p> <p>A B C</p> <p>Class RHYNCHONELLATA Williams, Carlson, Brunton, Holmer &amp; Popov, 1996 Order ORTHIDA Woodward, 1852</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE940FFA0D91BFD2C794F1D14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE94EFFA0DB3DFCAC7FF61B14.text	03A0162AE94EFFA0DB3DFCAC7FF61B14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dalejina Havlicek 1953	<div><p>Dalejina ex gr. hybrida (Sowerby in Murchison, 1839) (Fig. 9)</p> <p>ex gr. Orthis hybrida J. de C. Sowerby in Murchison, 1839: 630, pl. 13, fig. 11.</p> <p>Rhipidomella ex gr. hybrida – Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva 1961: 117, pl. XX, figs 1-4.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — One specimen from loc. 13, bed 89, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Vodopad Formation.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The combination of small size (L = 6.2 mm, W = 7.2 mm, T = 3.3 mm), rounded general outline, biconvex shell with fine ribs (about 45 at the anterior margin) which increase by intercalation of secondary or, seldom, preliminary ones, has generally been considered to be diagnostic features of Dalejina. The specimens from Severnaya Zemlya are more similar to those from the Omnutakh and Meik formations (Llandovery) of East Siberia (Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva 1961: 117, pl. XX, fig. 2; Lopushinskaya &amp; Doroshenko 1991). They were assigned to D. hybrida, although this species is known to be characteristic for the Wenlock Limestone in Britain. The lectotype of D. pentlandica (Davidson, 1869), described from the Telychian (Pentland Hills, Cocks 1978: 71), is characterized by a larger size, finer ribs, and a bigger convexity of dorsal valve.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE94EFFA0DB3DFCAC7FF61B14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE94EFFA0D914FA4C7FFE1BD4.text	03A0162AE94EFFA0D914FA4C7FFE1BD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pentameridae McCoy 1844	<div><p>Family PENTAMERIDAE McCoy, 1844</p> <p>Genus Borealis Boucot, Johnson &amp; Staton, 1971</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE94EFFA0D914FA4C7FFE1BD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE94EFFA0DAA7FCCC79691D54.text	03A0162AE94EFFA0DAA7FCCC79691D54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidomellidae Schuchert 1913	<div><p>Family RHIPIDOMELLIDAE Schuchert, 1913</p> <p>Genus Dalejina Havlic˘ek, 1953</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE94EFFA0DAA7FCCC79691D54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE94EFFA3D8C6FA2C7BE61BD4.text	03A0162AE94EFFA3D8C6FA2C7BE61BD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Borealis cristiformis (T. Modzalevskaya 1985)	<div><p>Borealis cristiformis (T. Modzalevskaya, 1985) (Figs 10; 11)</p> <p>Pentamerus ? cristiformis T. Modzalevskaya, 1985: 64, pl. II, figs 4, 5, pl. III, fig. 1.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Two specimens from loc. 14, bed 10v, Matusevich River, and six specimens from loc. 51, sample 51-13f, Strojnaya River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5, 6); Vodopad Formation.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>These are the oldest pentamerids found in the Circum-Arctic region, and were described from the lowermost Persej Formation of Novaya Zemlya for the first time. The diagnostic features (the medium size, the ventral acute ridge – like elevation –, and the subtriangular outline) occurring on the shells of pentamerids on Severnaya Zemlya indicate that they belong to B. cristiformis. The long spondylium (supported by a short septum); separated low brachial plates slightly inclined to each other by their internal ends, and sharply curved inner brachial plates, allow to assigne this species to genus Borealis (Fig. 11).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE94EFFA3D8C6FA2C7BE61BD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE94DFFA5DAD5FA3B7AF41CD4.text	03A0162AE94DFFA5DAD5FA3B7AF41CD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Borealis samojedicus (Keyserling 1846)	<div><p>Borealis samojedicus (Keyserling, 1846) (Fig. 12)</p> <p>Pentamerus samojedicus Keyserling, 1846: 235, pl. 9. — Lebedev 1892: 20.</p> <p>Pentamerus oblongus Sowerby in Murchison, 1839 – Sapel’nikov &amp; Beznosova 1980: 10, pl. V, figs 1-5. — Markovskij &amp; Smirnova 1982: 40, 41. — Sapel’nikov 1985: 59, pl. XIX, figs 3, 4.</p> <p>Borealis samojedicus – Modzalevskaya &amp; Rubel 2000: 149, pl. I, figs 1-9, pl. II, figs 1-7.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Three specimens from loc. 18002-6, two specimens from loc. 18088-6, three specimens from loc. 18008-11, several specimens embedded in rock from loc. 18075-8, Komsomolets Island (Männik et al. 2002: fig. 1); Vodopad (lower Snezhinka) Formation.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Large smooth shells (L = 72.4 mm, W = 49.5 mm, T = 35.0 mm) have inconspicuous radial furrows in the anterior part, and frequently developed concentric growth lines. The outline of the shell varies from rounded to subtriangular. Development of the median fold is variable, especially on the ventral valve. The specimens from coquinas, with high population frequency, have more laterally flattened shells and narrow spondylium. B. samojedicus has the same interior as B. borealis (Eichwald, 1842) (Rubel 1970). The narrow longitudinal shells, with distinctly developed ventral sulcus and strongly posteriorly</p> <p>A F</p> <p>B</p> <p>G D A-E F, G C E</p> <p>widened septum, are very similar to B. schmidti A</p> <p>(Lebedev, 1892) from the Llandovery of</p> <p>Nizhnyaya Tunguska (East Siberia), and could be assigned to this species (Lebedev 1892: 22).</p> <p>However, these specimens were found together with some subtriangular shells which possess a flattened dorsal valve, undulating surface, and sharp concentric lines. These features are typical of B. samojedicus (Keyserling 1846: 235, pl. IX,</p> <p>fig. 2) from the Chernaya Rechka Formation</p> <p>(Llandovery) of the Timan Ridge. But the clearly developed lobate external shape, and the narrow-</p> <p>ing of the shell anteriorly and posteriorly, make them similar to the Norwegian species B. borealis osloensis MØrk, 1981, which is characteristic of bed 7a/b (Llandovery) in the Oslo region (MØrk</p> <p>1981: 544, pl. 84, figs 9-11).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE94DFFA5DAD5FA3B7AF41CD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE94BFFA7D911FA2E79B61B79.text	03A0162AE94BFFA7D911FA2E79B61B79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stegerhynchus Foerste 1909	<div><p>Stegerhynchus ? decemplicatus duplex Nikiforova &amp; T. Modzalevskaya, 1968 (Figs 14 A-E; 15)</p> <p>Stegerhynchus decemplicatus duplex Nikiforova &amp; T. Modzalevskaya, 1968: 54, pl. I, figs 4-7.</p> <p>Stegerhynchus (Stegerhynchus) decemplicatus duplex – Lopushinskaya &amp; Yadrenkina 1987: 119, pl. 25, fig. 6. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 16 specimens and fragments from loc. 13, bed 89, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Vodopad Formation.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The discrete cardinal plate supported by a massive dorsal platform, median elevation strengthened by shell thickening and merging with a low broad septum or myophragm are the characteristic features of Stegerhynchus (Fig. 15). The linear cardinal process is absent, probably due to the poor preservation. The outline, size, two ribs in the ventral sinus, three ribs on the dorsal fold, and well preserved concentric ornament of the specimens suggest that these specimens can be refered to S.? decemplicatus duplex Nikiforova &amp; T. Modzalevskaya, 1968 described from the Talikit, Omnutakh, and Meik formations of East Siberia. Small size, and weakly developed sinus and fold distinguish a somewhat similar genus Nikolaevirhynchus Baranov, 1988 identified from Ryabininskaya Formation (Wenlock) on North East Russia. Moreover, the representatives of genus Nikolaevirhynchus are characterized by an absence of the median longitudinal elevation, which is broadened posteriorly and strengthened by shell thickening.</p> <p>Family TRIGONIRHYCHIIDAE McLaren, 1965</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE94BFFA7D911FA2E79B61B79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE949FFA6DAE3FA7579221DD4.text	03A0162AE949FFA6DAE3FA7579221DD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lenatoechia octjabrensis Modzalevskaya 2003	<div><p>Lenatoechia octjabrensis n. sp. (Figs 14 J-P, R, S; 16)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — N 40/12991, CNIGR Museum, St. Petersburg (Fig. 14 N-P), conjoined valves; L = 8.8 mm, W = 8.3 mm, T = 7.2 mm.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — After the October Revolution Island. TYPE LOCALITY. — Loc. 11, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island; Samojlovich Formation.</p> <p>AGE. —?Llandovery-Wenlock.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Mainly conjoined valves of good preservation, one specimen from loc. 11, bed 6B, 10 specimens from loc. 2, bed 66, Matusevich River; 65 specimens from loc. 117v, Ushakov River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 1, 2, 5); Samojlovich Formation.</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS (IN MM). — L = 4.7-8, W = 5.7-8.3, T = 4.6-7.2.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Shells subtriangular in outline, strongly biconvex in lateral profile; costae rounded, low and numerous; anterior margin uniplicate.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Shells small, equally (strongly) biconvex, with subtriangular outline and numerous ribs. Ventral umbo and pointed beak incurved, narrow, with delthyrium closed by deltidial plates. Ventral sinus and dorsal fold weakly developed, anterior margin uniplicate. Surface covered by rounded, equal and high ribs (in total 35) with the width of the ribs exceeding their interspaces. Ventral valve with long dental plates and massive teeth. The dorsal interior contains a discrete cardinal plate and septalium, supported by broad, massive, short septum, that extends approximately half the valve length (Fig. 16).</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>The pattern of the ribs, weakly developed sinus, fold, and uniplicated anterior margin are similar to those of Lenatoechia ramosa (Nikiforova, 1961) from the Talikit and Omnutakh formations of East Siberia (Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva 1961: 207, pl. XLIV, figs 8, 9). The new species differs from L. ramosa by having smaller size and possessing a subtriangular outline.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE949FFA6DAE3FA7579221DD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE948FFA6DAE9FBCC79411A74.text	03A0162AE948FFA6DAE9FBCC79411A74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectorhynchellidae Rzhonsnitskaia 1958	<div><p>Family PLECTORHYNCHELLIDAE</p> <p>Rzhonsnitskaya, 1956 Genus Sibiritoechia Alekseeva, 1966</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE948FFA6DAE9FBCC79411A74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE948FFB9DACAFB4279A11DF4.text	03A0162AE948FFB9DACAFB4279A11DF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sibiritoechia convexa Alekseeva 1966	<div><p>Sibiritoechia convexa Alekseeva, 1966 (Figs 17; 18)</p> <p>Sibiritoechia convexa Alekseeva, 1966: 1148, fig. 1; 1967: 60, pl. VIII, fig. 7. — Alekseeva et al. 1970: 89, pl. IX, figs 6-8.</p> <p>Sibiritoechia lata Alekseeva, 1966: 1149, figs 1, 2; 1967: 62, pl. VIII, fig. 8. — Alekseeva et al. 1996: 108, pl. XII, fig. 5.</p> <p>Sibiritoechia oblonga Alekseeva, 1966: 1149, figs 1, 3; 1967: 63, pl. IX, figs 8-11. —? Alekseeva et al. 1970: 87, pl. IX, figs 4, 5.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Specimens are embedded in shelly limestone from which 50 complete shells of different sizes have been prepared. Southeastern Komsomolets Island, southern bank of Krasnaya Bay (loc. 21581) (Männik et al. 2002: fig. 1); Severnaya Zemlya or Pod”emnaya formations.</p> <p>A B C</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>There is a wide variation in the outline (from longitudinally oval to isometrical), and in convexity (equally biconvex or ventribiconvex) of the shell. The ribs arise at different distances from the beak, and their number varies from 9 to 11. One rib on the ventral sinus and two on the dorsal sulcus are constant but they are developed differently depending upon the outline and convexity of the shells. The internal structure is characterized by thin, short dental plates, divided cardinal plates, and obliquely inclined crura (Fig. 18). The valve outline, and the other external features of these brachiopods of the same population, do not permit detailed systematic comparison. They can be assigned to species “ convexa ”, “ lata ”, and “ oblonga ”, studied by Alekseeva (1966: 147). V. V. Baranov concluded that “ lata ” and “ oblonga ” are, in reality, the same taxon (Alekseeva et al. 1970). In fact, it is difficult to find distinctions between “ convexa ” and “ lata ”, except in the convexity of the ventral valve. Since these more convex valves are often seen in only a few members of a population, “ convexa ” is not examined here separately. S ibiritoechia is known from the Lochkovian and Pragian of Salair (Tom’chumysh Beds), and North East Russia (Sette-Daban Ridge, Sette- Daban Formation; Selennjakh Ridge, Sagyr Formation; Tas-Khayakhtakh Ridge, Datnin Formation).</p> <p>Order ATRYPIDA Rzhonsnitskaya, 1960</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE948FFB9DACAFB4279A11DF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE957FFB9DB3BFB8C788A1895.text	03A0162AE957FFB9DB3BFB8C788A1895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dihelictera lepidota (Nikiforova & T. Modzalevskaya 1968)	<div><p>Dihelictera cf. lepidota (Nikiforova &amp; T. Modzalevskaya, 1968) (Figs 19; 21I)</p> <p>cf. Protatrypa lepidota Nikiforova &amp; T. Modzalevskaya, 1968: 61, pl. II, figs 8, 9.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Eight specimens from loc. 11, beds 14 and 14-A, and loc. 2, beds 74 and 79 (only fragments), Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Samojlovich Formation. Two poorly preserved specimens from samples 2zh/76, 2i/76, Pioneer Island (Männik et al. 2002: fig. 1); Srednij Formation.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Specimens are small, with a ventral keel-like ridge and dichotomous ribs. Ribs are crossed by concentric growth lamellae which are most pronounced anteriorly. The internal structure is typical of the genus Dihelictera to which Protatrypa lepidota Nikiforova &amp; T. Modzalevskaya, 1968 (Nikiforova &amp; Modzalevskaya 1968: 61, pl. II, figs 8, 9) is assigned by P. Copper (1995: 855) (Fig. 19). This species is widespread in the Omnutakh and Khukta formations of East Siberia and Gora Gjiaden’ Formation of Salair (Ivanovsky &amp; Kul’kov 1974: 59, pl. XX, figs 6, 7).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE957FFB9DB3BFB8C788A1895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE956FFB8DAB0FCE979791894.text	03A0162AE956FFB8DAB0FCE979791894.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alispira gracilis (Nikiforova & Andreeva 1961)	<div><p>Alispira gracilis (Nikiforova in Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva, 1961)</p> <p>Zygospira (Alispira) gracilis Nikiforova in Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva, 1961: 244, pl. LIII, figs 1-8.</p> <p>Alispira gracilis – Rubel 1970: 25, pl. XIII, figs 16- 22. — Lopushinskaya 1976: 63, pl. XI, figs 1, 2.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Two specimens from loc. 12, bed 112, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Vodopad Formation.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Specimens have a ventral valve with a keel on the umbo, and an acute, weakly incurved beak. The sinus is well defined: arising at the umbo, it is bordered by larger ribs and commonly bears one or two weaker ones. The lateral ribs increase in width anteriorly. The number of ribs multiplies by bifurcation and intercalation. Based on these features the specimens are assigned to Alispira gracilis which is typical of the Chamba and Talikit formations of East Siberia. Homeospira? sp. (Poulsen 1934: 19, pl. 2, figs 21, 22) from the Cape Schuchert Formation of Greenland resembles A. gracilis. O. I. Nikiforova thought that, in reality, the last one should also be assigned to A. gracilis (Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva 1961).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE956FFB8DAB0FCE979791894	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE956FFBAD947FCE97AAA1895.text	03A0162AE956FFBAD947FCE97AAA1895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anabaria Lopushinskaya 1965	<div><p>Anabaria ? latens n. sp. (Figs 14 F-I, Q, T-V; 20)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — N 50/12991, CNIGR Museum, St. Petersburg (Fig. 14 F-I), conjoined valves; L = 9.2 mm, W = 10.0 mm, T = 7.5 mm.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From latens (Latin): hidden.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Loc. 11, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island.</p> <p>FORMATION. — Samojlovich Formation.</p> <p>AGE. —?Llandovery,?Telychian.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 19 discrete specimens (and specimens embedded in rock) from loc. 13, beds 27, 30-31, 64 and 89, and one specimen (and some fragments) from loc. 11, bed 6B, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Vodopad, Golomyannyj, Srednij and Samojlovich formations.</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS (IN MM). — L = 8.2-9.2, W = 8.7- 11.0, T = 3.7-7.5 mm.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Shells of small size, almost biconvex in lateral profile; isometrical or subpentagonal in outline, with coarse costae; ventral sinus wide and flat.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Shells small, pentagonal in outline, unequally biconvex, isometrical or with the width slightly larger than the length. Ventral beak high, incurved, with delthyrium, closed by deltidial plates posteriorly. Ventral sinus flat and wide. Dorsal fold not high, fluently merging in lateral flanks of the valve. Anterior margin uniplicate. Rounded, low costae gradually widened anteriorly and increased by intercalation from 24 to 40 with concentric growth lines. Interior of ventral valve with long, thin dental plates, placed closely to the shell walls; teeth small. Discrete horizontal cardinal plate supports vertically flattened crura. Myophragm extends on two thirds of the valve length. Spiralia are not found (Fig. 20).</p> <p>COMPARISON AND REMARKS</p> <p>Anabaria ? latens n. sp. resembles small ribbed atrypids and rhynchonellids. That is why the lack of spiralia makes difficult to attribute these brachiopods to any genus exactly. The almost isometrical biconvex shells with rounded ribs and shallow ventral sinus found in the studied material allow to assign them to genus Anabaria ? The specimens from Srednij Formation possess dorsally curved anterior margin and fine ribs which make them similar to Anabaria rara (Nikiforova, 1961) from the Talikit and Omnutakh formations of East Siberia (Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva 1961: 248, pl. LIV, figs 1-7). The differences include rounded pentagonal outline, more acute apical angle, and coarser ribs on Anabaria ? latens n. sp. than on Anabaria rara.</p> <p>The new species is indistinguishable in the pattern of ribs, and number of ribs in the ventral sinus, from Lenatoechia elegans (Nikiforova, 1961) from the Omnutakh Formation of East Siberia (Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva 1961: 205, pl. XLIV, figs 1-7). Despite their small size, the specimens from the Golomyannyj Formation are characterized by isometrical outline and well defined flat ventral sinus. They are also similar to Pseudocamarotoechia ? gljadensis Kul’kov, 1974 from the Gora Gljaden’ Formation (Ivanovsky &amp; Kul’kov 1974: 55, pl. XIX, figs 11, 12) but differ in having well developed dental plates and undeveloped dorsal septum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE956FFBAD947FCE97AAA1895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE954FFBDD91DFB6C795C1A94.text	03A0162AE954FFBDD91DFB6C795C1A94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anulatrypa nieczlawiensis subsp. tenuicostata Tcherkesova	<div><p>Anulatrypa nieczlawiensis tenuicostata Tcherkesova in Modzalevskaya &amp; Cherkesova, 1994 (Fig. 21 A-H)</p> <p>Anulatrypa nieczlawiensis tenuicostata Tcherkesova in Modzalevskaya &amp; Cherkesova, 1994: 56, pl. V, figs 3-5. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Five specimens from loc. 18095, Komsomolets Island (Männik et al. 2002: fig. 1); Rusanov Formation.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The external features, such as ventral beak overlapping the top of dorsal beak; the absence of ventral interarea, fold and sulcus, numerous slen- der ribs; concentric lamellae extending into short trails allow to assign the specimens to the genus Anulatrypa. The sizes of adult specimens varie within the ranges: L = 11.2-28.6 mm, W = 9.3- 22.0 mm, T = 4.4-16.5 mm. The number of ribs is more than 30 at a distance of 5 mm from the ventral apex. These features characterize the specimens collected from the uppermost Tolbat and lower Daksan beds of Central Tajmyr, and allow to assign these to the subspecies A. nieczlawiensis tenuicostata. The Severnaya Zemlya specimens differ from those from Tajmyr (Modzalevkaya &amp; Cherkesova 1994: 56) by possessing weakly longitudinal outline, and straight hinge line ending in the round- ed ears. The specimens from Severnaya Zemlya have some similarities in size, in outline, and in ornamention with Anulatrypa hyperanulata Havlic˘ek, 1987 from Zlichovian of Central Bohemia (Havlic˘ek 1987: 75, pl. 1, fig. 5). Specimens from both regions possess a narrow tongue in the anterior margin, but those from Severnaya Zemlya lack a ventral sinus.</p> <p>A. nieczlawiensis tenuicostata has been found from Central Tajmyr, from the Delorm Formation in the Canadian Arctic Cathedral Mountains, and in the Bystrin Formation on Novaya Zemlya (Modzalevskaya &amp; Cherkesova 1994).</p> <p>Family LISSATRYPIDAE Twenhofel, 1914</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE954FFBDD91DFB6C795C1A94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE953FFBCDB1EFB0C794F1A5C.text	03A0162AE953FFBCDB1EFB0C794F1A5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dubaria tenera Nikiforova & T. Modzalevskaya 1968	<div><p>Dubaria tenera Nikiforova &amp; T. Modzalevskaya, 1968 (Figs 22 J-M; 23)</p> <p>Dubaria tenera Nikiforova &amp; T. Modzalevskaya, 1968: 68, pl. III, figs 8-10.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Three specimens from loc. 13, beds 64, 89, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Vodopad and Golomyannyj formations.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The specimens assigned to this species show some characteristics of external and internal structures identical to those of Dubaria tenera, illustrated by Nikiforova &amp; Modzalevskaya from the Talikit Formation of East Siberia (Fig. 23). Possibly, this species is a junior synonym of Atrypopsis varians Poulsen, 1943 described from the Offley Island Formation of Greenland (Poulsen 1943: 44, pl. 5, figs 13-16). These two taxa are morphologically very similar. However, the identification of our specimens is quite problematic due to the lack of the dorsal myophragm on them. This structure is one of the main diagnostic features of Atrypopsis and Dubaria Boucot, Johnson &amp; Staton, 1964 (Rubel 1970). P. Copper (1991: 37), restudying the atrypids, concluded that Atrypopsis, Dubaria, Rhynchatrypa Siehl, 1962, and Barkolia Zhang, 1983 are junior synonyms of Septatrypa Kozlowski, 1929. Hence, the occurrence of a short dorsal septum is an essential feature to identify Septatrypa (Nikiforova et al. 1985: 44, pl. 11, fig. 9).</p> <p>Order SPIRIFERIDA Waagen, 1883</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE953FFBCDB1EFB0C794F1A5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE952FFBFD8C1FC6C7ABC1B94.text	03A0162AE952FFBFD8C1FC6C7ABC1B94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Reticulariopsis talenti Lenz & Johnson 1985	<div><p>Reticulariopsis talenti Lenz &amp; Johnson, 1985 (Figs 24 B-F; 25)</p> <p>Reticulariopsis talenti Lenz &amp; Johnson, 1985: 91, pl. 15, figs 1-11.</p> <p>Reticulariopsis ? sp. – Lenz &amp; Johnson 1985: 91, pl. 15, figs 12-16.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Four isolated shells, mainly embeded in the rock matrix, from loc. 21581, Komsomolets Island (Männik et al. 2002: fig. 1); Severnaya Zemlya or Pod”emnaya formations.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Small specimens (L = 5.1-5.5 mm, W = 6.3-6.9 mm, T = 3.7-4.0 mm) are characterised by ventribiconvex as well as biconvex shells with poorly developed sinus and fold. Serially sectioned internal structure shows small triangular teeth support- ed by short anteriorly divergent dental plates. Dental sockets are longitudinal and narrow. Crural plates are wide, triangular, jointed near the bottom of the shell. Crura are thin, fluently merging with primary lamellae of spiralia. The coils of spiralia are directed laterally and comprise four whorls. No ctenophoridium is found (Fig. 25). Shells of similar size, with laterally ovate outline, are characteristic of Reticulariopsis ? sp. (Lenz &amp; Johnson 1985: 91). In the Garra Formation (Wellington area in New South Wales, Australia), this type of shells occurs 4 m below R. talenti. There is no evidence of its co-occurrence together with R. talenti also from Severnaya Zemlya. Smaller size, acute apical angle, weakly developed sinus and fold are reliable criteria for discriminating R. talenti from Reticulariopsis ? warreni Perry, 1984 described from the Delorme Formation, Mackenzie District of the Yukon (Perry 1984: 121, pl. 41, figs 29-46).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE952FFBFD8C1FC6C7ABC1B94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE951FFB0DAFAFA3C7A7E1894.text	03A0162AE951FFB0DAFAFA3C7A7E1894.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Undispirifer Havlicek 1957	<div><p>Undispirifer ? obsoletiplicatus n. sp. (Figs 26; 27)</p> <p>Non Howellella pauciplicata Waite, 1956: 17, pl. XII, fig. 1.</p> <p>Howellella pauciplicata – Alekseeva 1967: 78, pl. XI, figs 7-12, pl. XII, fig. 1.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — N 68/12991, CNIGR Museum, St. Petersburg (Fig. 26B), ventral valve; L = 14.2 mm, W = 16.7 mm.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From obsoletiplicatus = obsoletus (Latin): decayed, and plicatus: folded.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Loc. 21581, southern bank of Krasnaya Bay, Komsomolets Island.</p> <p>FORMATION. — Spokojnaya or Pod”emnaya formations.</p> <p>AGE. — Lower Devonian.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 10 disarticulated shells and their external moulds from loc. 21581, Komsomolets Island (Männik et al. 2002: fig. 1); Spokojnaya and/or Pod”emnaya formations.</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS (IN MM). — Ventral valve: L = 14.6, W = 18.0-20.0?; dorsal valve: L = 13.7-14.7, W = 16.5-19.2.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Shells moderately large, pentagonal in outline with inconspicuous plications; ventral sinus weakly developed, dorsal fold sharply limited anteriorly.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Moderate size, biconvex shells of pentagonal outline with inconspicuous plications, gentle sinus and fold. Isometrical ventral valve with suberect beak. Maximum width of valve is located close to its midlength. Interarea trigonal, weakly concave, apsacline, low. Delthyrium open with narrow deltidial plates. The sinus on ventral valve is shallow. It originates at umbo and widens gently towards the anterior margin of the valve. Here, the margins of the sinus are well defined and it forms a deep tongue. The width of the dorsal valve is greater than its length, and it bears a distinctly developed fold which widens towards the anterior margin Here, a median furrow is sometimes observed. Surface is smooth with hardly visible plicae on the lateral flanks anteriorly. Microornament is not visible.</p> <p>In the ventral interior, short dental plates are thickened by callus, which fills the beak. Muscle field is longitudinally oval, sharply outlined, well impressed. Adductors are indistinctly limited, diductors are radially striated. There are ovarian impressions lateral to the muscle field. In the dorsal interior crural plates do not reach the valve walls. Jugum and spiralia are not observed (Fig. 27).</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>The species of Undispirifer are in need of revision. As was noted by Johnson (1975), this genus includes Lower Devonian spiriferids (among which there are many poorly plicated forms) with morphologies intermediate between Howellella and Undispirifer. As a result, laeviplicata resembles both genera (Kozlowski 1929: 195; Smith 1980: 180; Lenz &amp; Johnson 1985: 92). The specimens from Severnaya Zemlya are assigned here to Undispirifer on the basis of clearly developed ventral muscle field and the callus-filled beak. The last feature is missing on Howellella. The ventral valve of U.? obsoletiplicatus n. sp. differs from that of U. laeviplicatus (Kozlowski, 1929) (Lochkovian of Prince of Wales Island, Canadian Arctic) by its smooth lateral plicae and weakly developed sinus (Smith 1980: 71, pl. 33, figs 6- 36). The similarity to Howellella pauciplicata, found from the Settedaban Formation (Alekseeva 1967: 78, pl. XI, figs 7-12, pl. XII, fig. 1), suggests that the Severnaya Zemlya and North East specimens are conspecific. This species differs from Howellella prima Alekseeva, 1967 in its sharply limited, anteriorly widening dorsal fold, high, rounded dorsal tongue, and weak outlines of the dorsal muscle field (Alekseeva 1967: 82, pl. XII, figs 2-11).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE951FFB0DAFAFA3C7A7E1894	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE95EFFB3D95EFB577F6E1894.text	03A0162AE95EFFB3D95EFB577F6E1894.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grebenella laciniatus Modzalevskaya 2003	<div><p>Grebenella laciniatus n. sp. (Figs 28; 29)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — N 78/12991, CNIGR Museum, St. Petersburg (Fig. 28 E-H), conjoined valves; L = 6.0 mm, W = 8.0 mm, T = 4.1 mm.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From laciniosus (Latin): shredded.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Loc. 20399, source of the left tributary of the Snegovaya River, Komsomolets Island.</p> <p>FORMATION. — Rusanov or Al’banov formations.</p> <p>AGE. — Lower Devonian.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Shelly limestone, two conjoined and 10 separated valves from loc. 20399 (source of the left tributary of the Snegovaya River) and loc. 21581 (southern bank of Krasnaya Bay), Komsomolets Island, Severnaya Zemlya (Männik et al. 2002: fig. 1); Rusanov or Al’banov formations.</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS (IN MM). — L = 4.8-8.5, W = 6.6-8.0, T = 3.6-4.3.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Small shells, transversally oval in outline and ventribiconvex in lateral profile; dorsal fold with deep narrow furrows on the flanks; plicae weakly developed.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Shells small, transversally oval, ventribiconvex with developed sinus and fold, and with smooth flanks. Ventral valve is the most convex in its umbonal part. Apex acute, hanging over the dorsal valve, delthyrium partly closed by deltidial plates, interarea triangular, low. Cardinal extremities rounded, sinus is well limited, arises from the beak, widening anteriorly, anterior tongue pronounced. Dorsal valve with sharply outlined fold bordered by deep narrow furrows. Fold originates at the beak. Broad plicae on flanks arise at about one third of valve length. Concentric growth lamellae are rhythmical, and bear the impressions of spines on their anterior edges in the mould. Ventral umbonal chambers filled by callus. Dental plates high, long, strongly thickened, widely situated and divergent; teeth massive. Ventral muscle field triangular with a triangular furrow near its anterior margin. Callus also well developed in dorsal valve, where thickened crural plates are widely divergent posteriorly and rest on short septum at the valve floor. Crura extend to near the valve floor. Dental sockets well limited medially by inner socket ridges (Fig. 29).</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>The flattened dorsal valve, transverse outline, and weakly developed plications suggest the comparison with Grebenella impalpabilis T. Modzalevskaya, 1994 from the Tolbat Beds, Tajmyr (Modzalevskaya &amp; Cherkesova 1994: 87, pl. X, figs 11-14). However, the fewer plicae, comparatively weak dorsal fold with deep narrow furrows on the flanks support assignment of Severnaya Zemlya specimens to a new species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE95EFFB3D95EFB577F6E1894	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE95CFFB5DB04FBAC7A6C1C34.text	03A0162AE95CFFB5DB04FBAC7A6C1C34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyattidina remota Modzalevskaya 2003	<div><p>Hyattidina remota n. sp. (Figs 22 A-D; 30)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — N 58/12991, CNIGR Museum, St. Petersburg (Fig. 22 A-C), conjoined valves; L = 8.4 mm, W = 8.4 mm, T = 5.6 mm.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From remotus (Latin): far.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Loc. 13, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island.</p> <p>FORMATION. — Golomyannyj Formation.</p> <p>AGE. — Llandovery, Aeronian.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 19 conjoined well preserved valves from loc. 13, bed 48, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Golomyannyj Formation.</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS (IN MM). — L = 6.8-8.4, W = 7.3-8.4, T = 5.0-5.6.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Small shells, rounded in outline, biconvex in lateral profile, plicate; ventral fold and dorsal sulcus are well developed; wide dorsal sulcus limited by the flanking sinuses.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Biconvex shells with rounded outline, plicate. Ventral beak acute, with open delthyrium, curved over the dorsal valve. Rounded ventral sinus limited laterally by rounded plicae, which originate from the anterior half of the valve. Smooth surface covered sometimes anteriorly by concentric growth lines. The internal structures consist of long, low dental plates located fairly close to the valve walls. Teeth small, deeply inserted into the dental sockets (Fig. 30). Crural bases arise from the cardinal plate and progressively curve inward to join the primary lamellae of the spiralia. Spiralia directed laterally comprising five whorls. Jugum simple, placed in the middle of the shell, comprising a pair of joined lamellae without a jugal saddle.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>All hyattidinids possess long, low dental plates, a simple jugum without jugal saddle and spiralia directed laterally. The specimens show some characteristics of Hyattidina junea (Billings, 1866) (such as the pattern of the ventral sinus and dorsal fold), illustrated by Twenhofel (1928: 223, pl. XXX, figs 4-6) from the Gun River and Jupiter formations of Anticosti Island. But the Severnaya Zemlya shells are smaller and characterized by a wider dorsal fold, limited by the flanking sinuses.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE95CFFB5DB04FBAC7A6C1C34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE95BFFB5DB1CFA2F782E1895.text	03A0162AE95BFFB5DB1CFA2F782E1895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Greenfieldia orbiculata Modzalevskaya 2003	<div><p>Greenfieldia orbiculata n. sp. (Figs 22 E-H; 31)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — N 62/12991, CNIGR Museum, St. Petersburg (Fig. 22 E-H), conjoined valves; L = 11.0 mm, W = 11.0 mm, T = 9.0 mm.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — From orbiculatus (Latin): rounded.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Loc. 2, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island.</p> <p>FORMATION. — Samojlovich Formation.</p> <p>AGE. — Wenlock, Homerian-Sheinwoodian.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — 44 well preserved conjoined valves from loc. 2, beds 61 and 66, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Samojlovich Formation.</p> <p>MEASUREMENTS (IN MM). — L = 6.8-11.8, W = 6.8- 11.0, T = 4.6-9.0.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Shells small with rounded outline and strongly biconvex in lateral profile; lacking dorsal fold, anterior margin almost rectimarginate.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Shells strongly biconvex with rounded outline. Ventral beak high and incurved, sinus weakly developed. Dorsal fold absent or restricted to narrow furrow; anterior margin almost rectimarginate or very slightly uniplicate. Interior with high, long dental plates, which are parallel and straight. Teeth deeply inserted into dental sockets (Fig. 31). Dorsal interior with perforated cardinal plate. High, vertical crura arise from outer plates and extend to the middle of the shell, becoming convex medially and merging into primary lamellae. The coils are directed laterally and comprise nine whorls. Jugal saddle directed anteriorly to the middle of the shell.</p> <p>VARIATION</p> <p>Young specimens have a flattened anterior margin. Outline varies from rounded to oval, ventral sinus and dorsal furrow are absent or weakly developed.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>In development of a ventral sinus and lack of a dorsal fold the specimens from Severnaya Zemlya are most similar to Greenfieldia uberis tanta Modzalevskaya, 1980 described from the Dolgij Formation on Dolgij Island (Modzalevskaya 1980: 92, pl. II, figs 4, 5). The main differences are the smaller size and more rounded outline of the Severnaya Zemlya specimens.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE95BFFB5DB1CFA2F782E1895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
03A0162AE95BFFB5DB24FD6E794B1BB4.text	03A0162AE95BFFB5DB24FD6E794B1BB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meristina Hall 1867	<div><p>Meristina ? norilica (Nikiforova in Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva, 1961) (Fig. 22I)</p> <p>Meristella norilica Nikiforova in Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva, 1961: 260, pl. LVI, figs 1-11.</p> <p>Cryptothyrella norilica – Lopushinskaya 1976: 76, pl. XV, figs 1-5.</p> <p>MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Five crushed specimens from loc. 13, bed 27, loc. 2, beds 61 and 66, Matusevich River, October Revolution Island (Männik et al. 2002: figs 2, 5); Srednij and Samojlovich formations.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p>Shells are characterized by rhomboidal outline, low beak, foramen, and apex pressed against dorsal valve. Thickened shelly substance borders the deep pedicle chamber. Ventral surface is smooth and convex. The features above are characteristic of M. norilica described from the Omnutakh Formation of the East Siberia (Nikiforova &amp; Andreeva 1961: 260, pl. LVI, figs 1-11).</p> <p>Family ATHYRIDIDAE Davidson, 1881</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0162AE95BFFB5DB24FD6E794B1BB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L.	Modzalevskaya, Tatiana L. (2003): Silurian and Devonian brachiopods from Severnaya Zemlya (Russian Arctic). Geodiversitas 25 (1): 73-107, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5375016
