taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A0C4625158FFE40D8FF8DCFB7F65F0.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Turdus grayi grayi Bonaparte, 1838 — Clay-colored Thrush. Material studied. Three females and 2 males, ex Turdus grayi, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09 ° 46 ’ N, 83 ° 47 ’ W; 1200 m), 2 August 2009, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio (O. Sychra CR 184 – 185) and MMBC (O. Sychra CR 183).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625158FFE40D8FF8DCFB7F65F0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Our specimens differ from the redescription of M. antiqua presented by Clay (1966) by setal counts and dimensions as follows [setal counts and dimensions mentioned by Clay (1966) are in parentheses]: Female (n = 3). Tergal setae: I, 13 – 15 (14 – 16); II, 15 – 16 (18 – 20); III, 16 – 19 (19 – 23); V, 19 – 21 (20 – 24); VI, 17 – 20 (20 – 26); VII, 16 – 18 (17 – 21). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.51 – 0.52, on II, IV and VIII; very long, 0.35 – 0.43, on I and VII; long, 0.21 – 0.25, on III; and short, 0.13 – 0.16, on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 12 – 13 (9 – 12) anterior setae; III, 27 – 31 (25 – 29); V, 38 – 40 (33 – 38); VI, 32 – 37 (28 – 32); VII, 13 – 14 (10 – 13); VIII – IX, 23 – 25 (26 – 30) including 13 – 15 setae on vulval margin. Dimensions: MW, 0.50 – 0.51 (0.45 – 0.50); ANW, 0.23 – 0.24; TL, 1.59 – 1.66 (1.62 – 1.74).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625158FFE40D8FF8DCFB7F65F0.taxon	description	Male (n = 2). Tergal setae, with median gap in the row of setae on II – VIII: II, 14 – 17 (19 – 21); V, 18 – 20 (20 – 23); VI, 17 – 18 (19 – 21); VIII, 9 (11 – 13). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.51, on II, IV and VIII; long, 0.25 – 0.31, on I and VII; and short, 0.11 – 0.14, on III, V and VI. Sternal setae: VI, 30 – 32 (32 – 42); VII, 15 – 17 (16 – 18). Sternites III with 1 – 2 medioanterior setae. Dimensions: HL, 0.28 – 0.30 (0.30 – 0.33); PW, 0.28 – 0.30 (0.29 – 0.31); MW, 0.39 – 0.40 (0.36 – 0.39); TL, 1.30 – 1.31 (1.38 – 1.43); GW, 0.11 – 0.12; GSL, 0.09.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625159FFE30D8FFCEDFAE560F9.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Turdus assimilis (Cabanis, 1850) — White-throated Thrush Female (n = 3). As in Fig. 11. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966). Length of dorsal head seta (DHS) 10, 0.060; DHS 11, 0.100 – 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.55 – 0.60. Gula 4 – 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 – 7 setae; metanotum not enlarged, with 11 – 12 marginal setae. Femur III with 21 – 25 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdomen with tergite I enlarged, with concave lateral margins and a conspicuously convex posterior margin, with medial portion shaped as a distal narrow process (Fig. 1); tergite II with concave lateral margins and a conspicuously convex posterior margin (Fig. 1); a wide median gap in each of the tergal setae rows on segments II – VIII. Tergal setae: I, 8 – 10; II, 13 – 15; III, 15 – 16; IV, 18 – 21; V, 19 – 23; VI, 17 – 21; VII, 12 – 15; VIII, 8 – 9. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.53 – 0.60) on II, IV and VIII; very long (0.40 – 0.45) on VII; long (0.30) on I; and short (0.14 – 0.20) on III; V, VI. Sternal setae: II, 3 – 4 in each aster, 17 – 18 marginal setae between asters, 9 anterior; III, 23; IV, 35 – 37; V, 35 – 38; VI, 30 – 32; VII, 10; VIII – IX, 22 – 25 including 12 – 14 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III – VII. Sternite VI slightly arched (Fig. 1). Anal fringe formed by 36 – 38 dorsal and 36 – 39 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.50 – 0.51; HL, 0.30 – 0.31; PW, 0.28 – 0.31; MW, 0.45 – 0.49; AW, 0.56 – 0.60; ANW, 0.23 – 0.24; TL, 1.50 – 1.56. Male (n = 4). As in Fig. 15. Length of DHS 10, 0.060; DHS 11, 0.100 – 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.55 – 0.60. Metasternal plate with 6 setae; metanotum with 10 – 12 marginal setae. Tergal setae with median gap on III – VIII tergite. Tergal setae: I, 11 – 12; II, 16 – 17; III, 17 – 20; IV, 19 – 21; V, 16 – 22; VI, 16 – 17; VII, 14 – 16; VIII, 8 – 9. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.50 – 0.52) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.24 – 0.43) on I and VII; and short (0.13 – 0.18) on III, V and VI (one male with 0.23 long seta on one side of tergite VI). Sternal setae: II, 3 – 4 in each aster, 15 – 18 marginal setae between asters, 7 – 8 anterior; III, 22 – 23; IV, 35 – 40; V, 33 – 38; VI, 28 – 32; VII, 15 – 17; VIII, 7; without medioanterior setae on sternites III – VII. Genital sac sclerite swollen distally, with a subapical projection on each side, and a long darker medioposterior line (Fig. 2). Dimensions: TW, 0.44 – 0.46; HL, 0.29; PW, 0.28; MW, 0.38 – 0.39; AW, 0.47 – 0.48; TL, 1.26 – 1.33; GW, 0.11; GSL, 0.09 – 0.11. Type material. Female holotype and paratype male (O. Sychra CR 186) ex Turdus assimilis, COSTA RICA: Zona Protectora Las Tablas, La Amistad Lodge (8 ° 54 ’ N, 82 ° 47 ’ W; 1300 m), 21 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Paratypes: 1 female and 1 male (O. Sychra CR 187) with the same data as holotype, both deposited in INBio (O. Sychra CR 186 – 187) and 1 female and 2 males with the same data as holotype, deposited in MMBC (O. Sychra CR 188 – 189).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625159FFE30D8FFCEDFAE560F9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although Lindell et al. (2002) mentioned Myrsidea sp. from T. assimilis, this is the first species determination of a Myrsidea from this host. The female of M. assimilis sp. nov. is characterized by (1) the shape of tergites I – II (Fig. 1), (2) a wide median gap in rows of tergal setae on II – VIII (Fig. 1), and (3) a TW of at least 0.50. These characters place M. assimilis sp. nov. close to M. varia Ansari, 1956 (ex Turdus ignobilis debilis Hellmayr, 1902 from Peru), and M. abidae Ansari, 1956 (ex T. fumigatus aquilonalis (Cherrie, 1909) from Venezuela and the Republic of Guyana). However, the female of M. assimilis sp. nov. can easily be separated from that of M. varia by its smaller number of setae on tergite I (8 – 10 vs. 15) and larger number of setae on tergites IV – VII (in total 66 – 80 vs. 57), and from that of M. abidae by its smaller number of setae on sternites III – V (in total 93 – 98 vs. 109 – 120) and smaller dimensions, especially TW (0.50 – 0.51 vs. 0.54). The male of M. assimilis sp. nov. differs from that of M. varia by its genital sac sclerite (compare Fig. 2 with fig. 73 in Clay 1966). Also, it is well characterized by the following additional features: (1) tergal chaetotaxy, and (2) sternites III – VII without anterior setae. These characters place the male of M. assimilis sp. nov. close to M. indigenella Ansari, 1956 (ex Turdus maranonicus Taczanowski, 1880 from Peru) and to M. abidae Ansari, 1956. However, the male of M. assimilis sp. nov. can be distinguished from that of M. abidae by its smaller number of setae on tergite VI (14 – 16 vs. 18 – 22) and sternite III (22 – 23 vs. 25 – 28) and from that of M. indigenella by its smaller number of setae on tergite I (11 – 12 vs. 14) and sternite VIII (7 vs. 10), and by larger number of setae on tergite IV (19 – 21 vs. 17) and tergite VII (14 – 16 vs. 13).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625159FFE30D8FFCEDFAE560F9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition derived from the specific name of the type host.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515FFFE10D8FFF3EFC9466EB.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Turdus grayi casius (Bonaparte, 1855) — Clay-colored Thrush Material studied. One male, ex Turdus grayi, COSTA RICA: Braulio Carrillo National Park, Sector Barva (10 ˚ 07 ’ N, 84 ˚ 07 ’ W; 2600 m), 1 August 2010, Literak and Sychra leg. Two females and 3 males. Zona Protectora Las Tablas, La Amistad Lodge (8 ° 54 ’ N, 82 ° 47 ’ W; 1300 m), 20 – 21 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio (O. Sychra CR 190 – 191) and MMBC (O. Sychra CR 192).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515FFFE10D8FFF3EFC9466EB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Our specimens differ from the redescription of M. carrikeri presented by Clay (1966) by setal counts and dimensions as follows [setal counts and dimensions mentioned by Clay (1966) are in parentheses]: Female (n = 7). Tergal setae: II, 19 – 23 (20 – 22); III, 28 – 29 (23 – 28); IV, 30 – 31 (25 – 29); V, 30 – 32 (26 – 31); VI, 29 – 32 (23 – 29); VII, 21 – 25 (19 – 24); VIII, 15 – 18 (14 – 16). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.55 – 0.60, on II, IV; very long, 0.42, on VIII; long, 0.25 – 0.30, on I, III and VII; and short, 0.13 – 0.20, on V and VI. Sternal setae: III, 35 – 37 (28); IV, 46 – 49 (36 – 42); V, 44 – 49 (42 – 48); VI, 36 – 40 (31 – 36); VII, 18 – 19 (16); VIII – IX, 29 – 31 (24 – 33) including 10 – 14 (12 – 16) setae on vulval margin. Dimensions: HL, 0.33 – 0.34 (0.34 – 0.36); PW, 0.32 (0.34 – 0.35); MW, 0.51 – 0.53 (0.50 – 0.51); ANW, 0.28 – 0.30; TL, 1.66 – 1.70 (1.79).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515FFFE10D8FFF3EFC9466EB.taxon	description	Male (n = 4). Tergal setae, without median gap in each row: V, 22 – 26 (23 – 28); VI, 23 – 28 (22 – 25). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.45 – 0.55, on II, IV and VIII; long, 0.32 – 0.39, on I and VII; and short, 0.11 – 0.17, on III, V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 15 – 18 (16) marginal setae, 13 – 17 (10 – 12) anterior setae; III, 29 – 35 (28 – 31); V, 40 – 46 (37 – 39); VI, 37 – 41 (33 – 37); VII, 22 – 24 (19 – 20); IX, 12 – 13 (8 – 11); sternites III – VII without medioanterior setae. Dimensions: HL, 0.28 – 0.30 (0.30 – 0.33); PW, 0.28 (0.29 – 0.31); MW, 0.38 – 0.40 (0.36 – 0.38); AW, 0.51 – 0.53 (0.50); TL, 1.38 – 1.40 (1.43); GW, 0.11 – 0.12; GSL, 0.09. Myrsidea cerrodelamuertensis Kounek and Sychra sp. nov. (Figs 3 – 6, 12, 16)	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515FFFE10D8FFF3EFC9466EB.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Catharus gracilirostris (Salvin, 1865) – Black-billed Nightingale-Thrush Female (n = 3). As in Fig. 12. Hypopharyngeal sclerites weakly developed (Fig. 3). Length of DHS 10, 0.050; DHS 11, 0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.50. Gula 4 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae; metanotum not enlarged, with 6 – 7 marginal setae. Femur III with 13 – 15 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergites not enlarged, with straight posterior margins (Fig. 4). Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 6; II, 12; III, 14 – 15; IV, 14; V, 13 – 15; VI, 14; VII, 13; VIII, 11 – 12. Postspiracular setae very long (0.40) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.30) on VII; and short (0.15 – 0.18) on I, III and V; VI (0.19 – 0.21). Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 12 – 14 marginal setae between asters, 5 – 6 anterior; III, 14 – 16; IV, 30 – 32; V, 37 – 41; VI, 31 – 32; VII, 21 – 24; VIII – IX, 20 – 24 including 9 – 10 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; with medioanterior setae on sternites: IV, 3 – 6; V, 6; VI, 5 – 6; VII, 4 – 5. Sternites not arched (Fig. 4). Anal fringe formed by 29 – 30 dorsal and 24 – 27 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.42 – 0.43; HL, 0.28 – 0.29; PW, 0.25 – 0.26; MW, 0.41 – 0.43; AW, 0.58 – 0.60; ANW, 0.21 – 0.23; TL, 1.48 – 1.60. Male (n = 3). As in Fig. 16. Length of DHS 10, 0.045 – 0.050; DHS 11, 0.105; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.43 – 0.48. Metasternal plate with 5 – 6 and metanotum with 6 marginal setae. Tergal setae with median gap in each row: I, 6; II, 9 – 10; III, 10 – 11; IV, 12 – 13; V, 14 – 15; VI, 11 – 12; VII, 13; VIII, 9 – 11. Sternal setae: 3 – 4 in each aster, 11 marginal setae between asters, II, 7 anterior; III, 10 – 14; IV, 26 – 28; V, 30; VI, 25 – 32; VII, 16; VIII, 10; with medioanterior setae on sternites: IV, 2 – 3; V 4 – 5; VI 3 – 4; VII 3 – 4. Genital sac sclerite of characteristic shape (Figs 5 – 6) and unlike those of other Myrsidea from the Turdidae. Dimensions: TW, 0.38 – 0.39; HL, 0.26; PW, 0.23 – 0.24; MW, 0.33 – 0.34; AW, 0.45 – 0.48; TL, 1.22 – 1.24; GW, 0.11 – 0.12; GSL, 0.10 – 0.11. Type material. Holotype female and paratype male (O. Sychra CR 193), ex Catharus gracilirostris COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Cerro de la Muerte (9 ° 33 ’ N, 83 ° 43 ’ W; 3100 m), 13 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Paratypes: 2 females and 2 males (O. Sychra CR 194 – 195), with the same data as holotype. Deposited in INBio.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515FFFE10D8FFF3EFC9466EB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Myrsidea cerrodelamuertensis sp. nov. is the second species of this louse genus recorded from Catharus gracilirostris. It differs greatly from M. rohi — described by Ansari (1956) from the same host but at a different location in Costa Rica — by its reduced hypopharyngeal sclerites (Fig. 3). This character places M. cerrodelamuertensis sp. nov. close to M. sultanpurensis Ansari, 1951 from Myophonus caeruleus (Scopoli, 1786) from Pakistan and Afghanistan. However, both sexes of M. cerrodelamuertensis sp. can easily be distinguished from that species by: (1) absence of setae on sternite I, (2) presence of anterior setae on sternites IV – VII, and (3) smaller number of setae on metanotum (6 – 7 vs. 10 – 14). The male is also well-separated from those of other Myrsidea from the Turdidae by its unique genital sac sclerite (Fig. 5).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515FFFE10D8FFF3EFC9466EB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet derives from the name of the type locality of this new louse species, the mountain Cerro de la Muerte (Death Mountain in Spanish).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515CFFEC0D8FFDEEFF5B60CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Myadestes melanops (Salvin, 1865) – Black-faced Solitaire Female (n = 5). As in Fig. 13. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966), except for the male genitalia sac sclerite, see below. Length of DHS 10, 0.040 – 0.045; DHS 11, 0.105 – 0.115; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.35 – 0.43. Gula 4 – 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 7 setae; metanotum not enlarged, with 6 marginal setae. Femur III with 19 – 21 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdomen with tergites not enlarged. Tergite I with straight posterior margin, II – III with slight medioposterior convexity (Fig. 7). Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 13 – 15; II, 15 – 17; III, 15 – 17; IV, 14 – 17; V, 17; VI, 16 – 18; VII, 10 – 14; VIII, 8 – 10. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.51 – 0.53) on II, IV and VIII; very long (0.35 – 0.38) on I and VII; long (0.28) on III; and somewhat shorter (0.18 – 0.21) on V, VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 12 – 14 marginal setae between asters, 4 – 6 anterior; III, 23 – 27; IV, 36 – 39; V, 40 – 44; VI, 33 – 35; VII, 13 – 18; VIII – IX, 21 including 9 – 11 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III – VII. Sternites not arched (Fig. 7). Anal fringe formed by 26 – 32 dorsal and 31 – 33 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.48 – 0.49; HL, 0.30 – 0.31; PW, 0.29 – 0.30; MW, 0.40 – 0.45; AW, 0.56 – 0.59; ANW, 0.20 – 0.22; TL, 1.42 – 1.49. Male (n = 5). As in Fig. 17. Length of DHS 10, 0.035 – 0.040; DHS 11, 0.090 – 0.105; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.38 – 0.39. Gula 4 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae; metanotal marginal setae 6. Tergal setae with median gap in each row: I, 14 – 15; II, 15; III, 14 – 16; IV, 16; V, 16; VI, 13 – 14; VII, 10 – 11; VIII, 8 – 9. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.45 – 0.50) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.30) on I and VII; and short (0.13 – 0.18) on III, V, VI. Sternal setae: II, 12 – 14 marginal setae between asters, 4 – 5 anterior; III, 23 – 24; IV, 36 – 37; V, 39 – 42; VI, 31 – 32; VII, 16 – 18; VIII, 5 – 6. Genital sac sclerite as in Fig. 8. Dimensions: TW, 0.43 – 0.44; HL, 0.27; PW, 0.26 – 0.27; MW, 0.36 – 0.37; AW, 0.47; TL, 1.26; GW, 0.11 – 0.13; GSL, 0.08 – 0.09. Type material. Holotype female and 2 paratype males (O. Sychra CR 196), ex Myadestes melanops, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09 ° 46 ’ N, 83 ° 47 ’ W; 1200 m), 7 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Paratypes: 3 females and 1 male (O. Sychra CR 197 – 198) with the same data as holotype; 3 females and 2 male (O. Sychra CR 199 – 200), ex Myadestes melanops, COSTA RICA: Braulio Carrillo National Park, Sector Barva (10 ˚ 07 ’ N, 84 ˚ 07 ’ W; 2600 m), 2 – 8 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515CFFEC0D8FFDEEFF5B60CA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the first record of a chewing louse from Myadestes melanops. The female of M. hrabaki sp. nov. is characterized by the following: (1) Tergite I with straight posterior margin, (2) tergites II – III with slight medioposterior convexity (Fig. 7), (3) metanotum with only 6 setae, and (4) sternites III – VII not arched and without anterior setae (Fig. 7). Although the male features of M. hrabaki sp. nov. agreee with the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966), it differs by its genital sac sclerite (Fig. 8), which is of the same type as that of M. ishizawai Uchida, 1926 from Zoothera dauma (Latham, 1790) from Japan. Nevertheless, characters of M. hrabaki agreeing with the thoracica species group — i. e. (1) number of outer dorsolateral setae of first tibia under 10, and (2) post-spiracular seta III markedly shorter than II — distinguish the male of M. hrabaki sp. nov. from that of M. ishizawai.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515CFFEC0D8FFDEEFF5B60CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in memoriam of Professor Rudolf Hrabak, our colleague and friend, in recognition of his friendship and unmatched enthusiasm in the study of biology and entomology. Myrsidea obsoleti Sychra and Kounek sp. nov. (Figs 9 – 10, 14, 18)	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515CFFEC0D8FFDEEFF5B60CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Turdus obsoletus (Lawrence, 1862) — Pale-vented Thrush Female (n = 3). As in Fig. 14. This species belongs to the carrikeri species group sensu Clay (1966). Very pale species, almost without pigmentation (Fig. 14). Length of DHS 10, 0.060 – 0.065; DHS 11, 0.105 – 0.125; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.48 – 0.62. Gula 5 – 7 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 10 – 12 setae; metanotum not enlarged, with 13 – 15 marginal setae. Femur III with 26 – 32 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergite I enlarged with conspicuously convex posterior margin. Tergites II – III compressed by enlarged tergite I, and with convex posterior margin as in Fig. 9. Tergal setae with median gap in each row: I, 10 – 13; II, 12 – 15; III, 15; IV, 15 – 17; V, 18 – 21; VI, 18 – 21; VII, 16; VIII 12. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.45 – 0.55) on II, IV, VII and VIII; long (0.23 – 0.25) on I and III; and short (0.11 – 0.14) on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 13 – 18 marginal setae between asters, 19 – 22 anterior; III, 25 – 35; IV, 37 – 45; V, 37 – 45; VI, 32 – 37; VII, 16 – 18; VIII – IX, 29 – 32 including 15 – 17 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III – VII. Sternite VI slightly arched (Fig. 9). Genital chamber without conspicuous comb-like projections of the inner surface (Fig. 23 vs. fig. 24 in Clay 1966). Anal fringe formed by 30 – 34 dorsal and 38 – 42 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.55 – 0.56; HL, 0.34; PW, 0.34 – 0.35; MW, 0.52 – 0.55; AW, 0.67 – 0.69; ANW, 0.25 – 0.26; TL, 1.68 – 1.74. Male (n = 2). As in Fig. 18. Length of DHS 10, 0.060; DHS 11, 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.55. Gula with 5 – 6 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 8 – 9 setae, metanotum with 13 marginal setae. Tergal setae: I, 13 – 14; II, 16; III, 17 – 19; IV, 19 – 21; V, 17 – 19; VI, 18; VII, 15 – 17; VIII, 10 – 11. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.55) on IV; very long (0.32) on I; and short (0.11 – 0.17) on III, V and VI (none on II, VII and VIII). Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 14 – 16 marginal setae between asters, 14 anterior; III, 34; IV, 43; V, 42 – 44; VI, 40 – 41; VII, 23 – 25; VIII, 8 – 17; without medioanterior setae on sternites III – VII. Genital sac sclerite long and narrow with small subapical projection on each side and with long darker medioposterior line (Fig. 10). Dimensions: TW, 0.49; HL, 0.36; PW, 0.30 – 0.31; MW, 0.41 – 0.43; AW, 0.51 – 0.53; TL, 1.45 – 1.47; GW, 0.12 – 0.13; GSL, 0.10. Type material. Holotype female and paratype male (O. Sychra CR 202), ex Turdus obsoletus, COSTA RICA: Hitoy Cerere BR, Provincia Limón (9 ˚ 40 ’ N, 85 ˚ 05 ’ W), 22 August 2004, Literak leg. Paratypes: 2 females and 1 male (O. Sychra CR 203) with the same data as holotype. Deposited in INBio.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515CFFEC0D8FFDEEFF5B60CA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Myrsidea obsoleti sp. nov is the second species of Myrsidea from Turdus obsoletus. Nevertheless, characters of M. obsoleti agreeing with the carrikeri species group sensu Clay (1966) — i. e. (1) pronotum with 8 posterior setae, and (2) tergite I of female with median anterior emargination — distinguish M. obsoleti sp. nov. from M. regius described by Ansari (1956) from the same host at a different location in Costa Rica and belonged to the thoracica species group, i. e. it has (1) pronotum with 6 posterior setae, and (2) tergite I of female without median anterior emargination. The female of M. obsoleti sp. nov. is characterized by the following: (1) genital chamber without conspicuous comb-like projections of the inner surface (see fig. 24 in Clay 1966), (2) tergites II – III compressed by enlarged tergite I with convex posterior margins, (3) smaller number of tergal setae, and (4) sternite VI slightly arched. These characters place M. obsoleti sp. nov. very close to M. aitkeni Clay, 1966 from Turdus nudigenis nudigenis (Lafresnaye, 1848) from Trinidad. However, the female of M. obsoleti sp. nov. can be distinguished from that of M. aitkeni by having median gaps in the rows of tergal setae, larger number of anterior setae on sternite II (19 – 22 vs. 9 – 12) and on sternite VII (16 – 18 vs. 10 – 13). Except for presence of median gaps in the rows of tergal setae, the male of M. obsoleti sp. nov. appears to be indistinguishable from that of M. aitkeni.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515CFFEC0D8FFDEEFF5B60CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition derived from the specific name of the type host. Myrsidea quinchoi Kounek and Sychra sp. nov. (Figs 19 – 20, 27, 31)	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515CFFEC0D8FFDEEFF5B60CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Catharus frantzii (Cabanis, 1861) — Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush Female (n = 1). As in Fig. 27. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966). Length of DHS 10, 0.050; DHS 11, 0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.50. Gula 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae; metanotum not enlarged, with 11 marginal setae. Femur III with 15 setae in ventral setal brush. Tergites not enlarged. Tergites I – IV with medioposterior convexity as in Fig. 19. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 14; II, 19; III, 17; IV, 16; V, 16; VI, 12; VII, 12; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.45 – 0.48) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.25 – 0.30) on I and VII, and short (0.14 – 0.16) on III, V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 16 marginal setae between asters, 8 anterior; III, 29; IV, 35; V, 36; VI, 31; VII, 18; VIII – IX, 26 including 14 setae on serrated vulval margin (the number of setae on sternites VIII – IX is approximate, because they are clearly seen on one side only); without medioanterior setae on sternites III – VII. Sternite VI slightly arched (Fig. 19). Anal fringe formed by 30 dorsal as well as 30 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.45; HL, 0.30; PW, 0.28; MW, 0.45; AW, 0.57; ANW, 0.22; TL, 1.50. Male (n = 1). As in Fig. 31. Length of DHS 10, 0.045; DHS 11, 0.090; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.50. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae, metanotum with 10 marginal setae. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 11; II, 13; III, 14; IV, 16; V, 14; VI, 14; VII, 12; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.45 – 0.47) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.23 – 0.30) on I, III and VII; and short (0.14 – 0.16) on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 3 – 4 in each aster, 14 marginal setae between asters, 7 anterior; III, 24; IV, 30; V, 28; VI, 26; VII, 16; VIII, 8; without medioanterior setae. Genital sac sclerite distorted with narrow lateral arms on each side and rounded posteriorly with darker medioposterior line (Fig. 20). Dimensions: TW, 0.40; HL, 0.29; PW, 0.26; MW, 0.37; AW, 0.45; TL, 1.27; GW, 0.11; GSL, at least 0.07 (distorted). Type material: Holotype female and paratype male (O. Sychra CR 201) ex Catharus frantzii, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09 ° 46 ’ N, 83 ° 47 ’ W; 1200 m), 11 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Deposited in INBio.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515CFFEC0D8FFDEEFF5B60CA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the first record of chewing lice from Catharus frantzii. The female of M. quinchoi sp. nov. is easily distinguished from those of other Myrsidea from the Turdidae by the unique shape of tergites I – IV (Fig. 19) in combination with the following characters: (1) absence of anterior setae on sternites III – VII, (2) smaller number of tergal setae, and (3) smaller dimensions. The male of M. quinchoi sp. nov. is well characterized by the following features: (1) genital sac sclerite, (2) tergal chaetotaxy (especially on tergite VII with more than 10 setae), and (3) sternites III – VII without anterior setae. These characters place M. quinchoi sp. nov. close to six species from thrushes of the genus Turdus (M. abidae Ansari, 1956, M. assimilis sp. nov., M. indigenella Ansari, 1956, M. keniensis Clay, 1966, M. tapetapersi sp. nov. and M. regius Ansari, 1956). However, the male of M. quinchoi sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of the aforementioned species by its smaller number of setae on tergites V + VI (28 vs. more than 31) and sternites V + VI (54 vs. more than 59), and smaller dimensions, especially TW (0.40 vs. more than 0.43).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C462515CFFEC0D8FFDEEFF5B60CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In recognition of his friendship, this species is named in honor of Joaquin Cortes Carrera („ Ingeniero en sistemas informatices “ from Jimenez de Pococi, Costa Rica), who is also known by his nickname Quincho.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625156FFEA0D8FFF3EFC6266B3.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Catharus gracilirostris (Salvin, 1865) — Black-billed Nightingale-Thrush Material studied. Two females and 2 males (O. Sychra CR 204 – 205), ex Catharus gracilirostris COSTA RICA: Braulio Carrillo National Park, Sector Barva (10 ˚ 07 ’ N, 84 ˚ 07 ’ W; 2600 m), 31 July – 7 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg.; 5 females and 5 males (O. Sychra CR 206 – 210), ex Catharus gracilirostris COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Cerro de la Muerte (9 ° 33 ’ N, 83 ° 43 ’ W; 3100 m), 1 – 13 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625156FFEA0D8FFF3EFC6266B3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Our specimens differ from the redescription of M. rohi presented by Clay (1966) by setal counts and dimensions. Furthermore, our specimens from Cerro de la Muerte (Tapanti NP) differ from those from Barva (Braulio Carrillo NP) as well as from those redescribed by Clay (1966) in the number of tergal setae and shape of tergites of the female. According to our knowledge of intraspecific variation in Myrsidea species (Clay, 1966), these differences could be used to separate these two populations into subspecies (see Palma & Price 2010), or even into species. However our preliminary results from molecular analyses of partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene do not support genetic distinctiveness of these two samples. Until final results of molecular analyses become available we suggest to consider the Myrsidea population from the Catharus gracilirostris of Cerro de la Muerte as conspecific with M. rohi. Descriptions of samples from separate localities. [setal counts and dimensions mentioned by Clay (1966) are in parentheses].	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625156FFEA0D8FFF3EFC6266B3.taxon	description	Braulio Carrillo NP, Sector Barva Female (n = 2). As in Fig. 37. Length of DHS 10, 0.040 – 0.050; DHS 11, 0.090 – 0.095; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.42 – 0.56. Metanotum with 17 – 21 (16 – 19) marginal setae. Tergal setae: II, 19 – 24 (19 – 22); III, 17 – 22 (17 – 19); IV, 17 – 20 (15 – 18); V, 17 – 20 (15 – 16); VI, 18 – 19 (13 – 17). Total setal number on tergites I – VII, 114 – 138 (105 – 125). Postspiracular setae very long, 0.40, on II, IV and VIII; long, 0.29, on I; short, 0.14 – 0.18, on III, V and VI, and very short, 0.08 – 0.09, on VII. Sternal setae: 4 – 5 (4) in each aster, II, 17 – 21 (15 – 16) marginal setae between asters, 11 (6 – 7) anterior; III, 21 – 25 (16 – 24); IV, 27 – 30 (21 – 24); V, 29 – 34 (21 – 27); VI, 24 – 27 (18 – 22); VII, 20 (15 – 17); VIII – IX, 21 – 23 (22 – 25) including 11 – 12 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III – VII. Dimensions: HL, 0.25 (0.27); MW, 0.39 – 0.41 (0.37); AW, 0.53 (0.50); ANW, 0.18 – 0.19; TL, 1.33 (1.27). Male (n = 2). Tergal setae: II, 16 (11 – 14); III, 16 (13 – 14); IV, 15 (13 – 14); VII, 9 (8). Sternal setae: 4 – 5 (4) in each aster, 16 (10 – 12) marginal setae between asters, II, 10 (5 – 7) anterior; III, 20 (12 – 17); IV, 26 (16 – 23); V, 28 (19 – 23); VI, 25 (17 – 22); VII, 19 (14 – 15); sternites III – VII without medioanterior setae. Dimensions: HL, 0.23 (0.25 – 0.26); PW, 0.22 (0.23); MW, 0.29 (0.32); TL, 1.09 (1.12); GW, 0.09; GSL, 0.07 – 0.08. Tapanti NP, Sector Cerro de la Muerte Female (n = 5). As in Fig. 35. Length of DHS 10, 0.055 – 0.065; DHS 11, 0.105 – 0.120; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.46 – 0.62. Metasternal plate with 7 – 9 setae, metanotum with 19 – 21 (16 – 19) marginal setae. Femur III with 14 – 16 (11 – 12) setae in ventral setal brush. Tergite I enlarged with convex posterior margin, but not tapering. Tergites II – V compressed by tergite I, but not too narrow (Fig. 21 vs. Fig. 38 in Clay 1966, and Fig. 36 vs. Fig. 38). Tergal setae, I, 24 – 27 (14 – 21); II, 23 – 26 (19 – 22); III, 24 – 26 (17 – 19); IV, 21 – 23 (15 – 18); V, 21 – 24 (15 – 16); VI, 19 – 22 (13 – 17); VII, 11 – 17 (12); VIII, 8 – 9 (8). Total setal number on tergites I – VII, 143 – 165 (105 – 125 or 105 – 138 if specimens from Braulio Carrillo are included). Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.40 – 0.43, on II, IV; very long, 0.35 – 0.37, on VIII; long, 0.25 – 0.27, on I; short, 0.14 – 0.16, on III, V and VI, and very short, 0.08 – 0.10, on VII. Sternal setae: II, 4 – 5 (4) in each aster, 16 – 23 (15 – 16) marginal setae between asters, 9 – 13 (6 – 7) anterior; III, 24 – 28 (16 – 24); IV, 30 – 37 (21 – 24); V, 27 – 37 (21 – 27); VI, 27 – 32 (18 – 22); VII, 17 – 22 (15 – 17); VIII – IX, 24 – 27 (22 – 25) including 14 – 15 (11 – 14) setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III – VII. Sternite VI slightly arched (Fig 21). Anal fringe formed by 28 – 34 dorsal and 25 – 35 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.39 – 0.41 (0.39); HL, 0.26 – 0.28 (0.27); MW, 0.39 – 0.42 (0.37); AW, 0.49 – 0.58 (0.50); ANW, 0.19 – 0.21; TL, 1.29 – 1.40 (1.27). Male (n = 5). Length of DHS 10, 0.055 – 0.060; DHS 11, 0.095 – 0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.55 – 0.63. Metasternal plate with 6 setae, metanotum with 12 – 14 (10 – 12) marginal setae. Tergal setae: I, 14 – 17 (9 – 12); II, 15 – 16 (11 – 14); III, 15 (13 – 14); IV, 14 – 16 (13 – 14); V, 15 – 16 (11 – 13); VI, 13 – 14 (11 – 12); VII, 8 – 10 (8). Postspiracular setae: extremely long (0.38 – 0.40) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.19 – 0.21) I and VII; and short (0.10 – 0.12) on III, V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 3 – 4 (4 – 5) in each aster, 14 – 16 (10 – 12) marginal setae between asters, 7 – 9 (5 – 7) anterior; III, 17 – 20 (12 – 17); IV, 24 – 25 (16 – 23); V, 23 – 30 (19 – 23); VI, 21 – 26 (17 – 22); VII, 15 – 17 (14 – 15); without medioanterior setae on sternites III – VII. Genital sac sclerite with a relatively large subapical projection on each side and a slightly concave posterior margin, with short darker medioposterior line (Fig. 22). Dimensions: TW, 0.35 – 0.37 (0.36); HL, 0.25 (0.26); PW, 0.21 – 0.23 (0.23); MW, 0.30 – 0.34 (0.32); AW, 0.40 – 0.42 (0.39); TL, 1.09 – 1.12 (1.12); GW, 0.09 – 0.10; GSL, 0.08.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625157FFF40D8FFE56FDC1632B.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Catharus fuscater mentalis Sclater & Salvin, 1876 — Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush Material studied. Two females, 3 males, ex Catharus fuscater, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09 ° 46 ’ N, 83 ° 47 ’ W; 1200 m), 2 – 10 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Deposited in INBio (O. Sychra CR 211 – 212) and MMBC (O. Sychra CR 213); 2 females and 2 males, ex Catharus aurantiirostris, COSTA RICA: Braulio Carrillo National Park, Sector Barva (10 ˚ 07 ’ N, 84 ˚ 07 ’ W; 2600 m), 2 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio (O. Sychra CR 214 – 215); 1 male and 1 female ex Catharus aurantiirostris, COSTA RICA: Zona Protectora Las Tablas, La Amistad Lodge (8 ° 54 ’ N, 82 ° 47 ’ W; 1300 m), 21 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in MMBC (O. Sychra CR 216); 2 females, ex Catharus mexicanus, COSTA RICA: Rincon de la Vieja National Park, Sector Santa Maria, Sendero del Padre (10 ° 46 ’ N, 85 ° 18 ’ W; 800 m), 24 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Deposited in INBio (O. Sychra CR 217).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625157FFF40D8FFE56FDC1632B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the first record of chewing lice from Catharus aurantiirostris and the second species of Myrsidea from Catharus mexicanus. Our specimens differ from the redescription of M. simplex presented by Clay (1966) by setal counts and dimensions as follows [setal counts and dimensions mentioned by Clay (1966) are in parentheses]: Female (n = 7). Length of DHS 10, 0.040 – 0.045; DHS 11, 0.100 – 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.36 – 0.45 (0.38 – 0.42). Metasternal plate with 6 – 7 setae. Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.45 – 0.48, on II, IV and VIII; long, 0.30, on I, and short, 0.11 – 0.20, on III, V, VI and VII. Sternites III – VII without medioanterior setae. Anal fringe formed by 35 – 39 dorsal and 34 – 37 ventral setae. Male (n = 6). Length of DHS 10, 0.040 – 0.045; DHS 11, 0.090 – 0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.40 – 0.50. Metasternal plate with 5 – 7 setae. With median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternites III – VII without medioanterior setae.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625157FFF40D8FFE56FDC1632B.taxon	description	Comparisons of females from each host species: ex Catharus fuscater (Lafresnaye, 1845) — Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush (n = 2) As in Fig. 30. Metanotum with 12 – 14 (16 – 18) marginal setae. Tergal setae: VII, 9 – 12 (8 – 11). Sternal setae: II, 7 – 8 (5) anterior; III, 25 – 28 (13 – 15); IV, 35 – 37 (24 – 30); V, 33 – 35 (22 – 29); VI, 30 – 31 (20 – 27); VII, 25 (8 – 12); VIII – IX, 27 – 29 (23 – 27) including 15 – 16 (12 – 15) setae on vulval margin. Dimensions: TW, 0.47 – 0.48 (0.45 – 0.47); PW, 0.28 – 0.29 (0.26 – 0.28); MW, 0.48 – 0.49 (0.42); AW, 0.54 – 0.59 (0.53); ANW, 0.22 – 0.23; TL, 1.47 – 1.49 (1.50). ex Catharus aurantiirostris (Hartlaub, 1850) — Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush (n = 3) Metanotum with 14 – 15 (16 – 18) marginal setae. Tergal setae: III, 19 – 22 (22 – 24); IV, 21 – 23 (23 – 27); V, 19 – 20 (22 – 27); VII, 10 – 12 (8 – 11). Sternal setae: II, 10 (5) anterior; III, 19 – 20 (13 – 15); V, 27 – 31 (22 – 29); VII, 18 – 20 (8 – 12); VIII – IX, 22 – 24 (23 – 27) including 12 – 14 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin. Dimensions: TW, 0.43 – 0.44 (0.45 – 0.47); HL, 0.27 – 0.29 (0.29 – 0.30); PW, 0.25 (0.26 – 0.28); MW, 0.42 – 0.43 (0.42); AW, 0.50 – 0.53 (0.53); ANW, 0.21 – 0.22; TL, 1.37 – 1.41 (1.50). ex Catharus mexicanus (Bonaparte, 1856) — Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush (n = 2) Tergal setae: III, 18 – 20 (22 – 24); IV, 20 – 22 (23 – 27); V, 19 (22 – 27). Sternal setae: II, 19 – 20 (14 – 16) marginal setae between asters, 9 – 11 (5) anterior; III, 21 – 22 (13 – 15); IV, 30 – 33 (24 – 30); V, 29 – 33 (22 – 29); VII, 16 – 18 (8 – 12). Dimensions: TW, 0.44 – 0.45 (0.45 – 0.47); PW, 0.27 – 0.29 (0.26 – 0.28); MW, 0.43 – 0.44 (0.42); AW, 0.51 – 0.52 (0.53); ANW, 0.20 – 0.21; TL, 1.37 – 1.38 (1.50). Comparisons of males from each host species: ex Catharus fuscater (n = 3) As in Fig. 34. Metanotum with 11 (12) marginal setae. Tergal setae: I, 10 – 11 (10); II, 12 – 13 (15); III, 14 – 15 (17 – 18); IV, 15 – 16 (14); V, 13 (15); VI, 14 (11); VII, 8 (9). Sternal setae: II, 14 (15) marginal setae between asters, 7 (9) anterior; III, 22 (17); IV, 29 – 30 (27); V, 29 – 33 (26); VI, 27 – 28 (25); VII, 17 – 22 (15); VIII, 8 – 11 (8). Dimensions: TW, 0.40 – 0.43 (0.42); HL, 0.28 – 0.29 (0.27); PW, 0.26 – 0.27 (0.25); MW, 0.36 – 0.37 (0.32); AW, 0.44 – 0.45 (0.42); TL, 1.21 – 1.26 (1.22); GW, 0.10 – 0.11; GSL, 0.08. ex Catharus aurantiirostris (n = 3) Metanotum with 8 – 10 (12) setae on posterior margin. Tergal setae: I, 12 (10); II, 14 – 15 (15); III, 15 – 17 (17 – 18); IV, 13 – 15 (14); V 13 – 14 (15); VI 11 – 13 (11); VII, 8 – 9 (9); VIII, 6 (8). Sternal setae: II, 14 – 15 (15) marginal setae between asters, 6 – 8 (9) anterior; III, 15 – 19 (17); IV, 23 – 31 (27); V, 26 – 27 (26); VI, 25 – 26 (25); VII, 16 – 19 (15). Dimensions: TW, 0.38 – 0.39 (0.42); HL, 0.26 – 0.27 (0.27); PW, 0.24 – 0.25 (0.25); MW, 0.31 – 0.33 (0.32); AW, 0.40 – 0.41 (0.42); TL, 1.12 – 1.17 (1.22); GW, 0.10; GSL, 0.08. Myrsidea tapanti Sychra and Kounek sp. nov. (Figs 23 – 24, 28, 32)	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625157FFF40D8FFE56FDC1632B.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Catharus fuscater (Lafresnaye, 1845) – Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush Female (n = 4). As in Fig. 28. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966). Length of DHS 10, 0.035; DHS 11, 0.105 – 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.32 – 0.33. Gula 4 – 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae, metanotum enlarged, with 18 – 23 marginal setae. Femur III with 14 – 17 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdomen with tergite I enlarged. Tergites I – IV with medioposterior convexity (Fig. 23); wide median gap in the rows of tergal setae presented on IV – VIII. Tergal setae: I, 25; II, 29 – 31; III, 31 – 33; IV, 31 – 33; V, 26 – 29; VI, 20; VII, 12; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.42 – 0.49) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.25 – 0.30) on I, III and VII; short (0.15) on V, and very short (0.08 – 0.10) on VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 – 5 in each aster, 19 – 20 marginal setae between asters, 4 – 5 anterior; III, 18 – 22; IV, 36; V, 33 – 35; VI, 27 – 31; VII, 25; VIII – IX, 26 – 28 including 14 – 16 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III – VII. Sternites V – VI strongly arched (Fig. 23). Anal fringe formed by 35 – 40 dorsal and 33 – 35 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.46 – 0.50; HL, 0.29; PW, 0.28 – 0.29; MW, 0.49 – 0.51; AW, 0.59 – 0.60; ANW, 0.21; TL, 1.47 – 1.49. Male (n = 4). As in Fig. 32. Length of DHS 10, 0.030 – 0.035; DHS 11, 0.100 – 0.105; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.29 – 0.35. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 – 7 setae. Metanotum with 14 – 15 marginal setae. Tergal setae: I, 16 – 17; II, 20; III, 19 – 21; IV, 17 – 19; V, 17; VI, 13 – 15; VII, 10; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae: extremely long (0.45) on II and IV; long (0.19 – 0.25) on I and VII; and somewhat shorter (0.10 – 0.12) on V. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 16 marginal setae between asters, 7 – 11 anterior; III, 21 – 26; IV, 31 – 39; V, 32 – 37; VI, 30 – 31; VII, 23 – 24; VIII, 9 – 13; with medioanterior setae on sternites III, 1; IV, 2; V, 1; VI, 2. Genital sac sclerite short, with a relatively large subapical projection on each side, a concave posterior margin, and without medioposterior line (Fig. 24). Dimensions: TW, 0.40 – 0.42; HL, 0.24 – 0.26; PW, 0.26; MW, 0.36; AW, 0.43 – 0.44; TL, 1.17 – 1.22; GW, 0.10 – 0.11; GSL, 0.07 – 0.08. Type material. Female holotype and paratype male (O. Sychra CR 218), ex Catharus fuscater, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09 ° 46 ’ N, 83 ° 47 ’ W; 1200 m), 2 – 10 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Paratypes: 3 females and 3 males with the same data as holotype. Deposited in INBio (O. Sychra CR 218 – 221).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625157FFF40D8FFE56FDC1632B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the second species of Myrsidea from Catharus fuscater. The female of M. tapanti sp. nov. is clearly distinguished from those of other species belonging to the thoracica species group by the following characters: (1) enlarged metanotum, (2) unique shape of tergites I – II (Fig. 23), (3) continuous rows of tergal setae on I – III. The male of M. tapanti sp. nov. is well characterized by its genital sac sclerite (Fig. 24), which places this species close to three species from Turdidae: M. rohi Ansari, 1956, M. simplex Ansari, 1956 and M. varia Ansari, 1956. However, the male of M. tapanti sp. nov. can be distinguished from the aforementioned species by its larger number of setae on tergites II – III (19 – 21 vs. 11 – 18); and on tergites II – V, together with 73 – 77 setae vs. 48 – 65.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625157FFF40D8FFE56FDC1632B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet derives from the name of the type locality of this new species: Tapanti National Park. Myrsidea tapetapersi Sychra and Kounek sp. nov. (Figs 25 – 26, 29, 33)	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625157FFF40D8FFE56FDC1632B.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Turdus nigrescens (Cabanis, 1861) — Sooty Thrush. Female (n = 2). As in Fig. 29. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966). Length of DHS 10, 0.075 – 0.085; DHS 11, 0.110 – 0.120; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.63 – 0.77. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 7 setae, metanotum not enlarged, with 13 marginal setae. Femur III with 18 – 22 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdomen with tergite I not enlarged, with slightly convex posterior margin. Tergite II enlarged, with strongly convex and pointed posterior margin, tergites III and IV with concave lateral margins and straight medioposterior margins, tergite V only slightly convex (Fig. 25). Tergal setae, with median gap in each row except in tergite I: I, 24; II, 23; III, 19; IV, 17; V, 20; VI, 21; VII, 16; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.50 – 0.56) on II, IV, VII and VIII; very long (0.38) on I; long (0.28) on III; and somewhat shorter (0.19 – 0.21) on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 17 marginal setae between asters, 10 anterior; III, 23; IV, 31; V, 40; VI, 33; VII, 13; VIII – IX, 26 including 15 – 16 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III – VII. Sternite VI arched (Fig. 25). Anal fringe formed by 48 dorsal and 38 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.53; HL, 0.33 – 0.34; PW, 0.31; MW, 0.49; AW, 0.59 – 0.63; ANW, 0.21 – 0.25; TL, 1.58 – 1.65. Male (n = 4). As in Fig. 33. Length of DHS 10, 0.070 – 0.075; DHS 11, 0.105 – 0.115; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.61 – 0.71. Gula with 4 – 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 8 setae, metanotum with 11 – 12 marginal setae. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 18; II, 17 – 18; III, 15 – 17; IV, 16 – 18; V, 17; VI, 15; VII, 11 – 12; VIII, 7 – 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.50 – 0.52) on II, IV and VIII; very long (0.40) on VII; long (0.30) on I and III; and somewhat shorter (0.16 – 0.25) on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 15 marginal setae between asters, 7 – 8 anterior; III, 18 – 21; IV, 27 – 28; V, 30 – 33; VI, 29; VII, 15 – 18; VIII, 7; without medioanterior setae. Genital sac sclerite with a large subapical projection on each side, a straight or slightly convex posterior margin and with short, dark medioposterior line (Fig. 26). Dimensions: TW, 0.48 – 0.49; HL, 0.31 – 0.32; PW, 0.28 – 0.29; MW, 0.39 – 0.41; AW, 0.50; TL, 1.39 – 1.42; GW, 0.11 – 0.12; GSL, 0.08. Type material. Holotype female and paratype male (O. Sychra CR 222), 1 female and 3 males paratypes (O. Sychra CR 223 – 224) ex Turdus nigrescens COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Cerro de la Muerte (9 ° 33 ’ N, 83 ° 43 ’ W; 3100 m), 12 – 14 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio (O. Sychra CR 222 – 223) and MMBC (O. Sychra CR 224).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625157FFF40D8FFE56FDC1632B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the first record of a chewing louse from Turdus nigrescens. The female of M. tapetapersi sp. nov. is clearly distinguished from those of other species belonging to the thoracica species group by the unique shape of its tergites (Fig. 25). The male of M. tapetapersi sp. nov. is characterized by the following features: (1) genital sac sclerite, (2) tergal chaetotaxy, and (3) sternites III – VII without anterior setae and quite large dimensions. These characters place M. tapetapersi sp. nov. close to M. keniensis Clay, 1966 from Turdus abyssinicus Gmelin, 1789 from Kenya. However, the male of M. tapetapersi sp. nov. can be distinguished by its larger number of setae on tergite I (18 vs. 12 – 13) and sternites IV – V (35 – 37 vs. 27 – 33).	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
03A0C4625157FFF40D8FFE56FDC1632B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of Oldrich Sychra Sr, father of the corresponding author, who is also known by his nickname TapeTapers.	en	Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav, Literak, Ivan (2013): Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa 3620 (2): 201-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1
