taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A321709F06B34CFEDFFA3E09C8FAD9.taxon	description	Mñandrites: Solander ms in Richardson, 1843: 16 (name in synonymy of Aplodactylus meandratus Richardson, preoccupied by Meandrites Guettard, 1770 Ða genus of corals).	en	Russell, Barry C. (2000): Review of the southern temperate ® sh family Aplodactylidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Journal of Natural History 34 (11): 2157-2171, DOI: 10.1080/002229300750022385, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229300750022385
03A321709F06B34CFEDFFA3E09C8FAD9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Dorsal- ® n rays XV ± XVIII, 16 ± 21; anal- ® n rays III, 6 ± 9; pectoral- ® n rays i, 12 ± 15; lateral-line scales 72 ± 120; gill rakers 17 ± 25; vertebrae 15 ± 16 1 18 ± 20 5 34 ± 35; epipleural ribs on ® rst 11 ± 15 vertebrae. Body elongate; snout short; dorsal pro ® le of head rounded or obtusely angled in front of eye, snout and nape subtending an angle of about 135 ss; eye small; interorbital space concave, convex or straight medially; base of dorsal ® n long, with elongate notch between spinous and soft parts of ® n; anal ® n short; pectoral- ® ns large, lower ® ve to six rays simple, ¯ eshy; pelvic ® ns large, rays ¯ eshy. Mouth small, somewhat ventral on head; lips ¯ eshy, upper lip projecting, maxilla reaching a vertical through posterior nostril; teeth small, lanceolate, tricuspid or multicuspid, in three to six rows in jaws, outermost row of teeth largest; vomerine teeth present or absent; two pairs of nostrils, anterior pair with ¯ eshy tentaculate or ® mbriate ¯ aps on anteroventral margin and posteroventral margin; opercle with broad ¯ at spine which does not extend to the ¯ eshy margin; scales small, cycloid, embedded, extending on to cheeks and opercles, and forming a sheath along base of spinous dorsal ® n. Colour. Slatey grey, brown or greenish with darker markings and whitish reticulations or spots on body and ® ns. Relationships. The only morphological characters separating Crinodus lophodon GuÈnther from species of the nominal genera Aplodactylus and Dactylosargus are its larger scales and the absence of vomerine teeth. Neither of these characters is considered to warrant separate generic recognition and for this reason the monotypi c genus Crinodus is here regarded as a synonym of Aplodactylus. The inclusion of Crinodus within Aplodactylus is supported by work on the molecular phylogeny of the family (Burridge, 2000). Phylogenetic analysis of aplodactylid and outgroup mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome oxidase b sequences indicate the New Zealand ± south-east Australian species, Aplodactylus arctidens Richardson and the South American species, A. punctatus Valenciennes, are sister taxa in a monophyletic clade with the Western Australian species, A. westralis Russell; with the eastern Australian species, A. lophodon (GuÈnther), and New Zealand and south-western Paci ® c species, A. etheridgii (Ogilby), either clustered as sister taxa or successively removed from the other three aplodactylids, with A. lophodon basal (Burridge, 2000). Phylogenetic relationships suggest that the Aplodactylidae originated in the Australia ± New Zealand region, with the majority of radiation occurring prior to the family achieving representation in South America (Burridge, 2000).	en	Russell, Barry C. (2000): Review of the southern temperate ® sh family Aplodactylidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Journal of Natural History 34 (11): 2157-2171, DOI: 10.1080/002229300750022385, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229300750022385
03A321709F00B34EFED7FF54087FFB31.taxon	description	Sciñna mñandrata: Banks (sic) ms in Richardson and Grey, 1843: 207 (name in synonymy). Sciñna mñandrites: Solander ms in Richardson and Grey, 1843: 207 (name in synonymy).	en	Russell, Barry C. (2000): Review of the southern temperate ® sh family Aplodactylidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Journal of Natural History 34 (11): 2157-2171, DOI: 10.1080/002229300750022385, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229300750022385
03A321709F00B34EFED7FF54087FFB31.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Thirty-nine specimens. AustraliaÐVictoria: Bell’s Beach, AMS I. 16980 - 016, 4: 350 ± 360 mm. South Australia: Beachport, SAM F. 7512, 445.5 mm *; Waitpinga, SAM F- 5306, 282.7 mm *; Kangaroo Island, Penneshaw, AMS I. 20180 - 063, 255 mm. Tasmania: MNHN A. 7422, 474 mm (HOLOTYPE of Parhaplodactylu s marmoratus); Green’s Beach, USNM 227306, 187 mm; USNM 227307, 2: 317 ± 335.3 mm; Badger head, USNM 227304, 273.4 mm; Port Arthur, BMNH 1841.1.14.23, 498 mm (HOLOTYPE of Aplodactylus arctidens). New Zealand: Kaipara Harbour, MNOZ P. 3689, 285 mm *; Tapotupotu Bay, MONZ P. 13184, 360 mm; Mount Maunganui, Rabbit I., MONZ P. 18306, 290 mm *; East Cape, Waiaka, MONZ P. 23397, 290 mm *, P. 23402, 330 mm; New Plymouth, MONZ P. 1263, 176.5 mm, Post O ce Rock, MONZ P. 17097, 350 mm *; Wellington Harbour, MONZ P. 1043, 370 mm *; Mana I., MONZ P. 1454, 420 mm *, Palliser Bay, MONZ P. 1595, 410 mm *; D’ Urville I., Rakirua Rocks, MONZ P. 24714, 320 mm *; Queen Charlotte Sound, CMNZ 1715, 157.5 mm; Banks Peninsula, Lyttleton, CMNZ 2084, 174.5 mm *, Ohahoa Bay, CMNZ 1685, 5: 109.5 ± 201.5 mm *, CMNZ 1722, 101 mm *; Dunedin, BMNH 1886.11.18.7, 328 mm; Fiordland, Balleny Reef, MONZ P. 19812, 310 mm *; Chatham I., Te Raki Bay, MONZ P. 26522, 380 mm *, Point Durham, MONZ 26578 420 mm *, Nancy Sound, MONZ P. 16848, 400 mm *, outer Southerland Sound, MONZ P. 21128, 265 mm *; Breaker Bay, MONZ P. 19650, 560 mm *. Description. Dorsal- ® n rays XVI ± IX, 16 ± 18; anal- ® n rays III, 6 ± 8; pectoral- ® n rays i, 13 ± 14; lateral-line scales 100 ± 120; gill rakers 4 ± 8 1 11 ± 15 5 17 ± 22; vertebrae 16 1 18 5 34; epipleural ribs on ® rst 14 ± 15 vertebrae. Body elongate, greatest depth 3.3 ± 4.7 in SL; head length 3.8 ± 4.8 in SL; snout short, 2.5 ± 3.6 in head; dorsal pro ® le of head rounded; orbital diameter 4.4 ± 6.8 in head; interorbital space more or less straight or slightly convex medially, least width of interorbital 3.4 ± 5.8 in head; least depth of caudal peduncle 1.8 ± 2.7 in head; peduncle length 2.1 ± 4.0 in head; base of dorsal ® n long, with elongate notch between spinous and soft parts of ® n, basal length of soft dorsal ® n 1.2 ± 1.5 in length of spinous part; anal ® n short, basal length 1.9 ± 2.7 in head; pectoral ® n length 0.9 ± 1.6 in head, ventral-most ® ve to six rays simple, ¯ eshy; pelvic ® n length 1.2 ± 1.9 in head, rays ¯ eshy. Mouth small, somewhat ventral on head; lips ¯ eshy, upper lip projecting, maxilla reaching a vertical through posterior nostril; teeth small, mainly tricuspid, a few lanceolate, in three to four rows in jaws, outermost row of teeth largest; vomerine teeth in small patch; two pairs of nostrils, anterior pair with ¯ eshy tentaculate ¯ aps on anteroventral margin and posteroventral margin; opercle with broad ¯ at spine which does not extend to the ¯ eshy margin; scales small, cycloid, embedded, extending on to cheeks and opercles, and forming a sheath along base of spinous dorsal ® n. Colour in alcohol. Dark brownish, with paler reticulated markings over body and ® ns, except for ventral surface which is pale. Colour in life. Variable from grey to greenish brown with variable whitish blotches and reticulations. Distribution. Southern Australia, including Tasmania, from Kangaroo Island (South Australia) to Wilsons Promontory (Victoria) (Turner and Norman, 1998); New Zealand (North and South Island, and Chatham Island); and Snares Islands (Hardy, 1986). Common in seaweed-covered reef areas down to about 20 m. Remarks. Aplodactylus arctidens was originally described from Tasmania by Richardson (1839). However, he later applied the name Sciaena (5 Aplodactylus) maeandratus (Richardson, 1842) based on Solander’s ms name and Parkinson’s ® gure of a specimen from New Zealand (no longer extant) collected during Cook’s voyage (Whitehead, 1968). Other synonyms are Haplodactylus donaldii Haast from New Zealand; Parhaplodactylu s marmoratus Thominot from Tasmania (Bauchot and Desoutter, 1989); and Haplodactylus schauinslandii Steindachner from New Zealand, the description of which ® rst appeared in an abstract (Steindachner, 1900 a) that was issued ahead of the full description and plate of this species (Steindachner, 1900 b). Haplodactylus fergussoni Hector is not a species of Aplodactylus, and has been referred to the synonomy of Chironemus marmoratus (family Chironemidae) by McCulloch (1929). Aplodactylus arctidens is readily distinguishable from other species of Aplodactylus by its reticulate pattern of pale markings on the body and ® ns. Attains a maximum size of about 65 cm; A. arctidens is an algal grazer with red algae dominating in the diet (Russell, 1983; Choat and Clements, 1992). A poor food ® sh,`its ¯ esh is coarse, with a rank ¯ avour’ (Hector, 1875). Commonly known as Seacarp (Australia), Marble ® sh or Kehei (New Zealand).	en	Russell, Barry C. (2000): Review of the southern temperate ® sh family Aplodactylidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Journal of Natural History 34 (11): 2157-2171, DOI: 10.1080/002229300750022385, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229300750022385
03A321709F03B34FFE24FAAC0883FA3C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Nine specimens. Norfolk I.: AMS I. 6005, 248 mm; SAM F. 266, 271 mm *; Duncombe Bay, AMS I. 20253 - 005, 135 mm. New Zealand: Poor Knights Is, Aorangi I., MONZ P. 5853, 347 mm. Lord Howe I.: AMS I. 1516, 309 mm (HOLOTYPE of Haplodactylus etheridgii); CAS 9147, 328.6 mm. Kermadec Is.: McCauley I., MONZ P. 10419, 230.5 mm; Raoul I., MONZ P 16168 2: 187 ± 252 mm *. Description. Dorsal- ® n rays XV ± XVII, 19 ± 20; anal- ® n rays III, 6 ± 7; pectoral- ® n rays i, 13 ± 14; lateral-line scales 83 ± 98; gill rakers 4 ± 8 1 11 ± 16 5 18 ± 20; vertebrae 15 1 19 5 34; epipleural ribs on ® rst 13 vertebrae. Body elongate, greatest depth 3.5 ± 4.2 in SL; head length 3.7 ± 4.5 in SL; snout short, 2.8 ± 3.1 in head; dorsal pro ® le of head obtuse, larger specimens with bony protuberanc e above eye; orbital diameter 4.3 ± 5.1 in head; interorbital space distinctly concave, least width of interorbital 3.6 ± 4.4 in head; least depth of caudal peduncle 2.0 ± 2.8 in head; peduncle length 1.8 ± 3.2 in head; base of dorsal ® n long, with elongate notch between spinous and soft parts of ® n, basal length of soft dorsal ® n 0.9 ± 1.1 in length of spinous part; anal ® n short, basal length 1.8 ± 2.9 in head; pectoral ® n length 1.0 ± 1.3 in head, ventral-most ® ve to six rays simple, ¯ eshy; pelvic ® n length 0.9 ± 1.4 in head, rays ¯ eshy. Mouth small, somewhat ventral on head; lips ¯ eshy, upper lip projecting, maxilla reaching a vertical through posterior nostril; teeth small, mainly multicuspid, a few tricuspid, in three to four rows in jaws, outermost row of teeth largest; vomerine teeth present as two small patches; two pairs of nostrils, anterior pair with ¯ eshy ® mbriate ¯ aps on anteroventral margin and posteroventral margin; opercle with broad ¯ at embedded spine which does not extend to the ¯ eshy margin; scales small, cycloid, embedded, extending on to cheeks and opercles, and forming a sheath along base of spinous dorsal ® n. Colour in alcohol. Body dark brownish, with numerous small (less than pupil size) spots on body and ® ns. Ventral surface pale brown with darker indistinct markings. Colour in life. Body and head brownish green, abdomen grey, ® ns brown; lower parts of body and ® ns with numerous small white spots; outer half of ¯ eshy pectoral rays yellowish white; branchiostegal membrane yellow. Distribution. Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, Kermadec Islands (Francis, 1993) and northern New Zealand (Moreland, 1975). Aplodactylus etheridgii occurs on rocky reefs in depths to about 20 m. Remarks. Aplodactylus etheridgii is distinguishable from all other species of Aplodactylus by its distinctly concave interorbital space and pro ® le of head notched behind the eye. Commonly known as Notchheaded marble ® sh (New Zealand).	en	Russell, Barry C. (2000): Review of the southern temperate ® sh family Aplodactylidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Journal of Natural History 34 (11): 2157-2171, DOI: 10.1080/002229300750022385, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229300750022385
03A321709F02B342FEDFF9900F66F957.taxon	description	. Aplodactylus genus the of species of Distribution. 2. IG F	en	Russell, Barry C. (2000): Review of the southern temperate ® sh family Aplodactylidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Journal of Natural History 34 (11): 2157-2171, DOI: 10.1080/002229300750022385, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229300750022385
03A321709F02B342FEDFF9900F66F957.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Twenty-one specimens. AustraliaÐNew South Wales: Narrabeen, Long Reef, AMS I. 15892 - 016, 240 mm; Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour), MNHN A. 1216, 2: 200 ± 250 mm (SYNTYPES of Aplodactylus obscurus); Sydney Harbour, Bottle and Glass Rocks, AMS I. 19901 - 045, 2: 170 ± 202 mm; Nadgee, Black Point, AMS I. 19893 - 017, 16: 105.5 ± 143.5 mm *. Description. Dorsal- ® n rays XVII, 18 ± 20; anal- ® n rays III, 6 ± 7; pectoral- ® n rays i, 13 ± 15; lateral-line scales 72 ± 82; gill rakers 6 ± 8 1 12 ± 16 5 18 ± 24; vertebrae 15 ± 16 1 19 ± 20 5 35; epipleural ribs on ® rst 13 vertebrae. Body elongate, greatest depth 3.1 ± 4.2 in SL; head length 4.1 ± 4.5 in SL; snout short, 3.0 ± 3.4 in head; dorsal pro ® le of head rounded; orbital diameter 3.9 ± 4.7 in head; interorbital space more or less straight or slightly convex medially, least width of interorbital 3.9 ± 4.7 in head; least depth of caudal peduncle 2.1 ± 2.5 in head; peduncle length 2.0 ± 3.0 in head; base of dorsal ® n long, with elongate notch between spinous and soft parts of ® n, basal length of soft dorsal ® n 1.2 ± 1.3 in length of spinous part; anal ® n short, basal length 1.8 ± 2.8 in head; pectoral ® n length 0.9 ± 1.1 in head, ventral-most ® ve to six rays simple, ¯ eshy; pelvic ® n length 1.1 ± 1.3 in head, rays ¯ eshy. Mouth small, somewhat ventral on head; lips ¯ eshy, upper lip projecting, maxilla reaching a vertical through posterior nostril; teeth small, mainly tricuspid, a few lanceolate, in three to four rows in jaws, outermost row of teeth largest; vomerine teeth absent; two pairs of nostrils, anterior pair with ¯ eshy tentaculate ¯ aps on anteroventra l margin and posteroventra l margin; opercle with broad ¯ at spine which does not extend to the ¯ eshy margin; scales small, cycloid, embedded, extending on to cheeks and opercles, and forming a sheath along base of spinous dorsal ® n. Colour in alcohol. Dark brownish, with paler mottling and spots on ® ns. Colour in life. Variable from grey to bluish black, with whitish mottling on sides and whitish spots on ® ns; a dark saddle beneath middle of spinous dorsal ® n, and a series of ® ve evenly spaced white blotches on sides below lateral line from above pectoral ® n to below end of dorsal ® n; juveniles with a distinct black mark on posterodorsal edge of opercle. Distribution. Northern NSW coast (Byron Bay) to Victoria (Malacoota). Occurs in kelp and weed areas in the exposed intertidal surge zone to about 10 m depth (Kuiter, 1993). Remarks. Aplodactylus lophodon is distinguishable from all other species of Aplodactylus by it larger body scales (lateral-line scales 72 ± 82 versus 83 ± 120 in other species) and absence of vomerine teeth. Reaches a maximum size of 35 cm (Kuiter, 1993). Miskiewicz et al. (1998) have described the larvae of this species. Cribb (1958) reported the gut of a large specimen of Crinodus (5 Aplodactylus) lophodon was ® lled with algal material, the bulk of which consisted of Corallina pilulifera, together with smaller quantities of Ulva actuca, Jania and ® lamentous species such as Sphacelaria sp. Commonly known as Rock cale, Cocky, Cockatoo ® sh or Joey.	en	Russell, Barry C. (2000): Review of the southern temperate ® sh family Aplodactylidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Journal of Natural History 34 (11): 2157-2171, DOI: 10.1080/002229300750022385, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229300750022385
03A321709F0EB344FEC9FF300A59FC78.taxon	description	Aplodactylus punctatus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1832: 477, p. 242 (type locality, Valparaiso, Chile).	en	Russell, Barry C. (2000): Review of the southern temperate ® sh family Aplodactylidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Journal of Natural History 34 (11): 2157-2171, DOI: 10.1080/002229300750022385, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229300750022385
03A321709F0EB344FEC9FF300A59FC78.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Twenty-two specimens. Chile: Barquito, ANSP 122521 85.3 mm; Iquique, BMNH 1873.4.33.44, 285 mm; Valparaiso, BMNH 1879.5.14.128, 285 mm, MNHN A. 2995, 239 mm (HOLOTYPE of Aplodactylus punctatus), MNHN A. 2996, 143 mm (HOLOTYPE of Aplodactylus vermiculatus), MNHN A. 2997, 69 mm (HOLOTYPE of Aplodactylus guttatus), MNHN A. 2999, 273 mm (HOLOTYPE of Aplodactylus regina); La Ventana, SIO 65 - 678, 7: 123.5 ± 220 mm. Peru: USNM 77612, 200.6 mm; USNM 83333, 243 mm; Callao, USNM 101843, 81.1 mm; San Juan Bay, USNM 128066, 194.8 mm; Vegas I., Independencias Bay, USNM 128067, 4: 201.2 ± 231.2 mm. Description. Dorsal- ® n rays XVI, 18 ± XVII, 21; anal- ® n rays III, 6 ± 9; pectoral- ® n rays i, 12 ± 14; lateral-line scales 84 ± 112; gill rakers 4 ± 9 1 12 ± 15 5 17 ± 22; vertebrae 16 1 18 5 34 ± 35; epipleural ribs on ® rst 11 ± 13 vertebrae. Body elongate, greatest depth 3.0 ± 4.0 in SL; greatest width 5.2 ± 8.0 in SL; head length 3.5 ± 4.6 in SL; snout short, 2.7 ± 3.8 in head; dorsal pro ® le of head obtusely angled in front of eye, snout and nape subtending an angle of about 135 ss; orbital diameter 3.9 ± 5.6 in head; interorbital space convex medially, least width of interorbital 3.2 ± 4.3 in head; least depth of caudal peduncle 1.9 ± 2.7 in head; peduncle length 2.1 ± 3.5 in head; base of dorsal ® n long, with elongate notch between spinous and soft parts of ® n, basal length of soft dorsal ® n 0.9 ± 1.3 in length of spinous part; anal ® n short, basal length 1.7 ± 2.5 in head; pectoral ® n length 1.2 ± 1.4 in head, ventral-most ® ve to six rays simple, ¯ eshy; pelvic ® n length 1.2 ± 1.6 in head, rays ¯ eshy. Mouth small, somewhat ventral on head; lips ¯ eshy, upper lip projecting, maxilla reaching a vertical through posterior nostril; teeth small, tricuspid, in two to three rows in upper jaw, two rows in lower jaw, outermost row of teeth largest; small patch of vomerine teeth; two pairs of nostrils, anterior pair with ¯ eshy tentaculate ¯ aps on anteroventral margin and posteroventral margin; opercle with broad ¯ at spine which does not extend to the ¯ eshy margin; scales small, cycloid, embedded, extending on to cheeks and opercles, and forming a sheath along base of spinous dorsal ® n. Colour in alcohol. Pale brown or whitish, with numerous irregular, dark brown spots on body and ® ns, spots coalesced and forming reticulate pattern in large specimens. Small specimens uniform brown. Colour in life. Olive green, dotted with black spots, which sometimes coalesce to form rivulations (after Lobell in Hildebrand, 1946). Distribution. Warm temperate waters of the west coast of South America, from Callao, Peru (12 ss 02 ¾ S) (Hildebrand, 1946) to Talcahuano, Chile (36 ss 41 ¾ S) (Mann, 1954). Remarks. GuÈnther (1859) united A. reginae with A. punctatus. Gill (1862) retained A. punctatus, A. reginae, A. vermiculatus and A. guttatus as distinct. Evermann and RadcliOEe (1917), however, questioned the validity of A. reginae, A. vermiculatus and A. guttatus. Fowler (1942) included A. reginae as a synonym of A. punctatus and retained A. vermiculatus and A. guttatus as distinct. More recently, Bauchot and Desoutter (1989) included A. regina and A. vermiculatus as synonyms of A. punctatus, but retained A. guttatus as distinct. Examination of the holotypes of all four nominal species, however, shows them to be identical. The name Haplodactylu s niger, proposed in a list of the ® shes of Juan Fernandez by Phillippi in Del ® n (1898), is a nomen nudum. Recent collecting at Juan Fernandez has failed to reveal the presence of any species of Aplodactylus (G. Pequeno and M. Westneat, personal communication) and H. niger probably refers to either Chironemus bicornis (Steindachner) or C. del W ni (Porter) (Chironemidae).	en	Russell, Barry C. (2000): Review of the southern temperate ® sh family Aplodactylidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Journal of Natural History 34 (11): 2157-2171, DOI: 10.1080/002229300750022385, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229300750022385
03A321709F09B346FE2DFC420AFAFDDB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Six specimens. AustraliaÐWestern Australia, Cape Naturaliste, Canal Rocks, AMS I. 20233 - 012, 325 mm (HOLOTYPE of Aplodactylus westralis); Wilsons Inlet, WAM P. 4728 - 001, 235 mm (PARATYPE of A. westralis); Cheynes Beach, WAM P. 21799 - 001, 300 mm (PARATYPE of A. westralis); Busselton, WAM P. 5877 - 001, 530 mm (PARATYPE of A. westralis); Geographe Bay, WAM P. 25931 - 001, 347 mm (PARATYPE of A. westralis); Fremantle, WAM P. 25930 - 001, 335.2 mm (PARATYPE of A. westralis). Description. Dorsal- ® n rays XVII, 18 ± XVIII, 19; anal- ® n rays III, 7; pectoral- ® n rays i, 13 ± 14; lateral-line scales 92 ± 100; gill rakers 6 ± 9 1 14 ± 18 5 21 ± 25; vertebrae 16 1 18 5 34; epipleural ribs on ® rst 11 ± 3 vertebrae. Body elongate, greatest depth 3.7 ± 4.7 in SL; greatest width 5.4 ± 7.6 in SL; head length 4.3 ± 4.5 in SL; snout short, 2.6 ± 2.8 in head; dorsal pro ® le of head obtusely angled in front of eye, snout and nape subtending an angle of about 135 ss; orbital diameter 4.8 ± 6.5 in head; interorbital space convex medially, least width of interorbital 3.6 ± 4.5 in head; least depth of caudal peduncle 1.9 ± 2.4 in head; peduncle length 2.0 ± 2.6 in head; base of dorsal ® n long, with elongate notch between spinous and soft parts of ® n, basal length of soft dorsal ® n 1.2 ± 1.4 in length of spinous part; anal ® n short, basal length 2.0 ± 2.5 in head; pectoral ® n length 1.1 ± 1.2 in head, ventral-most ® ve to six rays simple, ¯ eshy; pelvic ® n length 1.3 ± 1.5 in head, rays ¯ eshy. Mouth small, somewhat ventral on head; lips ¯ eshy, upper lip projecting, maxilla reaching a vertical through posterior nostril; teeth small, lanceolate, in ® ve to six rows in jaws, outermost row of teeth largest; tiny crescent-shaped patch of vomerine teeth; two pairs of nostrils, anterior pair with ¯ eshy tentaculate ¯ aps on anteroventra l margin and posteroventral margin; opercle with broad ¯ at spine which does not extend to the ¯ eshy margin; scales small, cycloid, embedded, extending on to cheeks and opercles, and forming a sheath along base of spinous dorsal ® n. Colour in alcohol. Dark brownish with paler mottling and spots. Some specimens with black blotch on opercle near posterodorsal margin. Colour in life. Body brown or slatey grey, with six dark saddles above lateral line, these giving way below to irregular bars that extend to ventral midline; interspaces between saddles and bars pale brown or whitish (some specimens with interfaces reduced or coalesced to form pale mottles); numerous pale brown or whitish spots, about diameter of pupil, mostly on head and unpaired ® ns. Patterns on body fade quickly on capture (for colour illustration see Russell in Gomon et al., 1994; ® gure 565). Distribution. Western Australia, from Rottnest Island to Twilight Cove, Great Australian Bight (J. B. Hutchins, personal communication); South Australia, Stenhouse Bay, York Peninsula (J. B. Hutchins, personal communication). Common in weedy reef areas down to about 20 m. Remarks. Aplodactylus westralis has previously been misidenti ® ed in Western Australia as Crinodus (5 Aplodactylus) lophodon (Mees, 1960) and as A. arctidens (Hutchins, 1979). Aplodactylus westralis closely resembles A. lophodon in colour pattern, but the latter is separable from other species of Aplodactylus by its lack of vomerine teeth and larger scales (lateral-line scales 72 ± 82 versus 83 ± 120). Other Australian species of Aplodactylus are readily distinguishable from A. westralis on the basis of colour pattern: A. arctidens has a reticulate pattern of pale markings on the body and ® ns; while A. etheridgii has numerous small spots (less than diameter of pupil) over the entire body. A. westralis can also be separated from other Australian species of Aplodactylus in having lanceolate teeth (versus tricuspid or multicuspid in A. etheridgii, tricuspid in A. arctidens and mainly tricuspid in A. lophodon), a distinctly convex interorbital space (versus concave in A. etheridgii), and a distinctly obtuse head pro ® le (versus more evenly rounded in A. arctidens). This species was illustrated in colour by Hutchins (1979: pl. 47), Hutchins and Thompson (1983: ® gure 216) and Hutchins and Swainston (1986). Commonly known as Western seacarp.	en	Russell, Barry C. (2000): Review of the southern temperate ® sh family Aplodactylidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Journal of Natural History 34 (11): 2157-2171, DOI: 10.1080/002229300750022385, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/002229300750022385
