identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A3AA14CB5B3531FC8FA40B7F9B954C.text	03A3AA14CB5B3531FC8FA40B7F9B954C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachybrachis armbrusti Barney 2016	<div><p>Pachybrachis armbrusti</p> <p>Specimens Examined. Holotype + 253 paratypes. USA: ALABAMA: Barber Co., Eufaula, 18.vi.1954, D. L. Haynes [1♂, MSUC]; Cleburne Co., Cheaha State Park, 15.viii.1964, L. G. &amp;. M. Sanford [1♀, AUEM]; Coffee Co., Ft. Rucker Military Reserve, 26.vi.1983, R. Turnbow [1♀, FSCA]; DeKalb Co., DeSoto State Park, 18.v.1963, E. U. Balsbaugh, Jr. [1♂, AUEM]; Lee Co., 1 mi E of Chewacla, 21.vii.1983, taken on Alnus, E. U. Balsbaugh, Jr. [1♀, RJBC]; 3 mi N of Auburn, fish ponds, 13.vi.1963, E. U. Balsbaugh, Jr. [1♂, AUEM]; Auburn, 20.vii.1963, E. U. Balsbaugh, Jr. [1♀, AUEM]; Mobile Co., Grand Bay, 6.vii [2♀♀, MCZ-BOW]; Shelby Co., US 280, 2 mi SE Co. Rt. 27, vi.1965, E. E. Simmons [2♀♀, BYUC]. FLORIDA: Alachua Co., 8.vi.1954, H. V. Weems [1♀, FSCA]; Gainesville, 10.vi.1936 [2♀♀, FSCA]; Gainesville Agriculture Experiment Station, J. R. Watts [1♂ 1♀, FSCA]; High Springs, 14.viii.1968, G. F. Hevel [1♂, USNM]; Broward Co., Deerfield, 28.vii.1948, H. W. Crowder [1♂ 1♀, SEMC]; Clay Co., Goldhead Branch State Park, 5.x.1994, oak-rosemary, C. Porter [1♂, FSCA]; Collier Co., Naples, 21.ix.1993, S. &amp; G. Lenberger [1♀, ABS]; Dade Co., Haulover [1?, MCZ-LEC]; same data, except 10.iii, Hubbard &amp; Schwarz [1♂ 1♀, Fall 1915 Revis, USNM]; same data, except 14.iii [1♂ 3♀♀, MSUC]; same data, except 15.iii, Schwarz, C. V. Riley [1♂ 1♀, Fall 1915 Revis, USNM]; same data, except 19.iii [1♂, HOLOTYPE, USNM; 1♀, MCZ-BOW]; same data, except 19.iii, Hubbard &amp; Schwarz [1♂, USNM]; Duval Co., Jacksonville, Liebeck Collection [1♂ 1♀, MCZ]; same data, except Mrs. A. T. Slosson [1♂ 1♀, AMNH]; same data, except 23.iv, Kaeber [1♂ 1♀, USNM]; same data, except 25.iv.1914, L. H. Weld [1♂, PERC]; Franklin Co., 18.1 mi NE Carabelle, 7.v.1988, R. Turnbow [1♀, FSCA]; Gadsden Co., 21-22.vii.1926, C. O. Handley [1♂, USNM]; Glades Co., 0.9 mi E Palmdale, 15.iv.1990, M. C. Thomas [1♀, FSCA]; 0.9 mi E hwy 27 in Palmdale, R. Turnbow [1♀, RHTC; 1♀, EGRC]; Hendry Co., La Belle, 16.vii.1930, R. H. Beamer [2♂♂ 1♀, SEMC]; Highlands Co., Archbold Biological Station, 12.iv.1984, N. M. Downie [1♂, ABS]; Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, 29.iii.1967, M. A. Deyrup [1♀, AMNH]; Archbold Biological Station, nr tower, N 27.18712 W 81.33838, 15.iv.2010, R. J. Barney [1♂, RJBC]; Highlands Hammock State Park, 11.iv.1964, G. C. Eickwort [1♀, EUB, NDSIRC]; Hillsborough Co., Tampa, E. L. Dickerson [1♀, AMNH]; same data, except 2.v.1908, Van Duzee [1♀, USNM]; Indian River Co., Sebastian, 27.vii.1948, B. T. McDermott [1♂ 2♀♀, SEMC]; Vero Beach, 23.vii.1939, J. D. Beamer [1♀, SEMC]; Jackson Co., Alford, 8.vii.1939, P. H. Lawton [1♀, SEMC]; Lee Co., Ft. Myers, 5.iii.1921, W. S. Blatchley [1♂, PERC]; same data, except 11.viii.1930, L. D. Tuthill [1♀, EUB, NDSIRC]; same data, except 11.viii.1930, P. W. Oman [2♂♂ 1♀, SEMC]; Leon Co., 18.v.1898 [1♀, USNM]; H P Whitney Farm, 9.vii.1924, C. O. Handley [2♀♀, USNM]; Bloxham, Jct. hwy 20 &amp; 267, 5.vii.1980, O’ Brien [1♂, EGRC]; Levy Co., 22.vi.1957, H. V. Weems [3♂♂ 3♀♀, FSCA]; same data, except 19.vii.1958 [1♂, FSCA]; Liberty Co., Torreya State Park, 16.v.1964, R. E. White [1♀, FSCA]; Manatee Co., 28.iv.1955, H. A. Denmark [1♂, FSCA]; Oneco, 29.iii.1953, J. C. Martin [2♀♀, CNC]; same data, except 25.iii.1955 [1♂ 1♀, CNC]; same data, except 27.v.1955, D. M. Anderson [1♂, CUIC]; Marion Co., Dunnellon, 12.vii.1939, R. H. Beamer [2♂♂ 2♀♀, SEMC]; Ocala National Forest, 23.vii.1998, Morris &amp; Turnbow [1♀, UGCA; 1♂, EGRC]; SR 88 Ocala S For, 8.viii.2008, J. Huether [2♀♀, BYUC]; Nassau Co., Hillard, 28.vii.1934, R. H. Beamer [1♀, SEMC]; Okaloosa Co., Fort Walton Beach, 4.iv.1973, E. J. Kiteley [3♂♂ 6♀♀, CNC]; Destin, 12.iv.1976 [3♂♂ 1♀, CNC]; Okeechobee Co., SR 68 2 mi E US441, scrub ridge, 27.vii.1992, M. Deyrup [3♂♂ 1♀, ABS]; Orange Co., [1♀, PERC]; same data, except 11.v [1♀, USNM]; Palm Beach Co., Jupiter, 5.v, F. Knab [1♂, USNM]; Pasco Co., Hudson, 13.vii.1939, D. E. Hardy [1♂, SEMC]; Lacoochee, 9.viii.1939, A. T. Hardy [1♂, SEMC]; Pinellas Co., Belleair, Mrs. A. T. Slosson [1♂, AMNH]; Dunedin, 2.iv.1923 [1♂ 3♀♀, MCZ- FALL]; same data, except 1.iv.1922, C. Schaeffer [1♀, USNM]; same data, except 6.iv.1913, W. S. Blatchley [1♀, TAMU]; same data, except 22.iii.1917 [1♀, PERC]; same data, except 19.iii.1918 [1♀, PERC]; Polk Co., 28.iv.1955, H. A. Denmark [1♀, FSCA]; Lake Alfred, 27.ix.1929, L. J. Bottimer [1♀, PERC]; FWC Sunray Preserve, FL scrub habitat, flight trap, site 9, N 27.69121 W 081.56207, 20.v.2010, M. &amp; N. Deyrup [1♀, ABS]; Putnam Co., Crescent City, Hubbard &amp; Schwarz [1♀, Fall 1915 Revis, USNM]; same data, except iv.1908, Van Duzee [1♀, USNM]; Seminole Co., Sanford, 9-25.viii.1926, E. D. Ball [2♀♀, CNC]; same data, except 13.v.1926, J. A. Reeves [1♂, CNC]; St. Lucie Co., Capron [1♀, MCZ-BOW; 1?, MCZ-LEC]; same data, except 3.iv, Hubbard &amp; Schwarz [1♀, Fall 1915 Revis, USNM]; Suwannee Co., Suwanee Spring, 25.viii.1939, A. T. Hardy [1♀, SEMC]; Volusia Co., Enterprise, 18.iv, Shoemaker [2♂♂ 1♀, USNM]; same data, except 19.iv, D. Castle [1♀, USNM]; same data, except 20.v, Kaeber [1♀, USNM]; Wakulla Co., Wakulla Springs, 14.vii.1934, R. H. Beamer [1♂, SEMC]; Wakullah, 18.vii.1939, R. H. Beamer [1♀, SEMC]; Unknown Co., Fla. [1♂ 1♀, CMNH; 1♀, ANSP; 1?, MCZ-LEC; 1?, MCZ-HORN]; same data, except M. L. Linell [1♂ 1♀, Fall 1915 Revis, USNM]; same data, except Schaeffer [1♀, USNM]; same data, except Chittenden [1♀, USNM]. GEORGIA: Chatham Co., Savannah [2♂♂ 2♀♀, MCZ]; Dade Co., Head River, 23.vii.1936, P. W. Fattig [1♀, UGCA]; Decatur Co., Spring Creek, 7-23.vi.1911, J. C. Bradley [1♂, MCZ-FALL]; same data, except 16-29.vii.1912 [1♀, MCZ- FALL]; Dodge Co., Chester, 6.v.1904, F. Knab [3♀♀, USNM]; Grady Co., Beachton, 17.vii.1924, C. O. Handley [2♀♀, USNM]; Johnson Co., 1 mi E Kite, 18.viii.1976, R. Turnbow [1♀, FSCA]; Lee Co., Smithville, 17.v.1937, P. W. Fattig [1♀, UGCA]; Lowndes Co., Valdosta, 20-21.vii.1916 [1♀, AMNH]; Putnam Co., 17.v.1961, F. J. Moore [1♂, FSCA]; Richmond Co., Augusta, 18.viii.1944, P. W. Fattig [1♂, UGCA]; same data, except 4.v.1946 [1♂, UGCA]; Spalding Co. Griffin, 12.viii.1939, F. G. Wegener [1♀, SEMC]; Tift Co., Tifton, 30.vi.1936, P. A. Glick [1♀, USNM]; Unknown Co., Ga. [1♂, CMNH]; Ga., Morr. [4♂♂, H. C. Fall, SEMC]; same data, except [7♂♂ 13♀♀, MSUC]; Geo. [1♀, MEM]. NEW JERSEY: Atlantic Co., Da Costa [1♂ 3♀♀, MCZ-FALL]; same data, except 27.vi [1♂, MCZ]; same data, except 4.vii, H. W. Wenzel [2♂♂ 2♀♀, OSUC]; same data, except 3.vi, E. Shoemaker [1♂ 1♀, USNM]; Camden Co., Clementon, 7.vi [1♂, MCZ]; Cape May Co., Anglesea, H. W. Wenzel [2♀♀, OSUC]; same data, except C. Palm [1♂, AMNH]; Ocean Co., Lakehurst, 4-6.vii.1909, L. B. Woodruff [2♂♂ 1♀, AMNH]; Unknown Co., N. J. [1♂ 1♀, MCZ]. NORTH CAROLINA: Bladen Co., White Lake, 2.vii.1954, D. M. Weisman [2♀♀, NCSU]; Moore Co., 23.vii.1959, D. A. Young [1♀, NCSU]; Southern Pines, 9.vii.1908 [2♂♂, MCZ- BOW]; same data, except 12.v.1909, A. H. Manee [1♂, NCSU]; same data, except 3.vi.1911 [1♂, NCSU; 2♀♀, MCZ]; same data, except 26.vi.1912 [1♂, NCSU]; same data, except 21.vi.1916 [1♀, NCSU]; Southern Pines, Moss Foundation Property, 18.v.1994, R. L. Blinn [1♂, NCSU]; New Hanover Co., Carolina Beach, 8.vii.1957, D. A. Young [1♂, NCSU]; Wilmington, W. E. Wenzel [1♀, OSUC]; Wake Co., Raleigh, v.1909, F. Sherman [1♀, NCSU]; same data, except vii.1909, Metcalf [1♀, NCSU]; same data, except 28.vii.1926, C. S. Brimley [1♀, NCSU]; Unknown Co., N. C. [1♂ 1♀, MCZ-BOW]. SOUTH CAROLINA: Aiken Co., Aiken, 23.v.1957, W. J. Brown [1♂ 3♀♀, CNC]; Beaufort Co., Beaufort, 15.viii.1935, J. G. Watts [1♀, CUAC]; Darlington Co., Hartsville, 20.vi.1963, V. M. Kirk [1♂, EUB, NDSIRC]; Horry Co., Myrtle Beach, 13.viii.1937, O. L. Cartwright [1♂, CUAC]; Jasper Co., Grays, 15.vi.1931, O. L. Cartwright [1♀, CUAC]; Pickens Co., Clemson College, vii.1926, J. G. Watts [1♀, CUAC]; same data, except 11-15.vii.1935 [3♂♂ 6♀♀, CUAC]; same data, except 10.viii.1935 [1♀, CUAC]; same data, except 21.vii.1927, B. B. Pepper [1♂, CUAC]; same data, except 8.vii.1931, W. C. Nettles [1♂, CUAC]; Richland Co., Pontiac, 12.vii.1962, V. M. Kirk [2♀♀, EUB, NDSIRC]; Sumter Co., Sumter, 4.vi.1963, [2♀♀, EUB, NDSIRC].</p> <p>APPENDIX 3</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3AA14CB5B3531FC8FA40B7F9B954C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barney, Robert J.	Barney, Robert J. (2016): Definition and Revision of theOthonusSpecies-Group of North AmericanPachybrachisChevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 569-605, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.569, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.569
03A3AA14CB433529FD5FA4877A68959C.text	03A3AA14CB433529FD5FA4877A68959C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachybrachis othonus	<div><p>KEY TO MALES OF THE PACHYBRACHIS OTHONUS SPECIES- GROUP</p> <p>1. Elytral pattern vittate..................................2</p> <p>1′. Elytral pattern non-vittate...........................4</p> <p>2. Pronotal M moderate to heavy, black to reddish orange and sharply outlined, finely alutaceous and shiny, punctation sparse and widely separated; aedeagal beards forming long, dense, incurving wisps (Fig. 2); southeastern USA, Alabama to New Jersey.......... 2. P. armbrusti Barney, new species</p> <p>2′. Pronotal M moderate to heavy, black, punctation often strigose......................................... 3</p> <p>3. Elytral vittae usually well-formed, pronotum strongly transverse with black, strigose punctation covering entire area except for margins and narrow median anterior stripe yellow, often reduced to standard pronotal M (Fig. 6F) in specimens from west of 100 th meridian; aedeagal beards forming long, dense, incurved wisps, orificial space with 2 sclerotized, triangular plates appearing as incurved lamellae above the lateral basal plates (Fig. 1).................. 1. P. othonus (Say)</p> <p>3′. Elytra appearing black with subsutural vitta and margin yellow (Fig. 6C) to yellow with each elytron with 2 discal vittae (often reduced or broken) and the suture black (Fig. 6E); pronotum yellow with moderate to broad, sharply defined, black M, lateral vittae rarely disconnected from median one; aedeagal beard short and fine, extending from widest point of median lobe to terminus (Fig. 5)............................. 5. P. nigricornis (Say) (in part)</p> <p>4. Entirely black, pronotum and elytra may be margined with yellow.................................5</p> <p>4′. Yellow, pronotal M moderate to heavy, black, punctation often strigose, elytral striae very regular and complete (Fig. 3)......................................... 3. P. pallidipennis Suffrian</p> <p>5. Robust (3.0 mm), black, moderately shiny, external margins of pronotum and elytra pale yellow (Fig. 4)........................................................................ 4. P. praeclarus Weise</p> <p>5′. Smaller (2.3 mm), pronotum and elytra ranging from entirely black (Fig. 6B) to obscurely margined with rufous (Fig. 5) to appearing black with subsutural vitta and margin yellow (Fig. 6A, D)........................................................................... 5. P. nigricornis (Say) (in part)</p> <p>1. Pachybrachis othonus (Say), 1825 (Figs. 1, 6F; Map 1A, B)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3AA14CB433529FD5FA4877A68959C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barney, Robert J.	Barney, Robert J. (2016): Definition and Revision of theOthonusSpecies-Group of North AmericanPachybrachisChevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 569-605, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.569, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.569
03A3AA14CB43352FFD4AA0C77D0094CC.text	03A3AA14CB43352FFD4AA0C77D0094CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachybrachis othonus Species-Group	<div><p>Pachybrachis othonus Species-Group</p> <p>Group Diagnosis. Moderate to large species, length 2.09–3.57 mm; dorsum glabrous with coloration ranging from yellow to black; color patterns unstable as vittae; eyes of both male and female widely separated (0.32–0.68 mm); front without ocular lines; antennae moderately long and slender, not attaining declivity in males; protarsal claws of male not enlarged. Median lobe of male genitalia with median basal plate simple, some lateral plates adjacent to paired, sclerotized, club-like, lamellae; en-face outline with apicolateral margin broadly and evenly rounded; nodule absent to moderately distinct; ventral surface of shaft inflated without distinct keel; beard setae short in patch or in wisp; pencilli absent.</p> <p>Remarks. I propose the Pachybrachis othonus species-group to include five Nearctic species: P. armbrusti Barney, P. nigricornis (Say), P. othonus (Say), P. pallidipennis Suffrian, and P. praeclarus Weise. Pachybrachis othonus was selected for the species-group name due to its priority and relative familiarity within the genus. External variability within and between the P. nigricornis complex and P. othonus complex often leads to confusion between complexes and with the principally black P. praeclarus and vittate P. armbrusti, respectively.</p> <p>Biology. Almost nothing is known of the biology of the members of the Pachybrachis othonus species-group. Clark et al. (2004) and Barney and Hall (2009, 2011) have summarized various plant associations with adults of this species-group, and more are reported here. Larvae and larval habitats are unknown.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3AA14CB43352FFD4AA0C77D0094CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barney, Robert J.	Barney, Robert J. (2016): Definition and Revision of theOthonusSpecies-Group of North AmericanPachybrachisChevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 569-605, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.569, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.569
03A3AA14CB4C353DFD70A3577F0690B0.text	03A3AA14CB4C353DFD70A3577F0690B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachybrachis pallidipennis Suffrian 1858	<div><p>3. Pachybrachis pallidipennis Suffrian, 1858, new status (Fig. 3; Map 1A, B)</p> <p>Pachybrachys pallidipennis Suffrian 1858: 406. LeConte 1880: 209 (catalogue); Fall 1915: 450 (taxonomy, catalogue); Knaus 1916–17: 262 (catalogue).</p> <p>Pachybrachys striatus LeConte 1880: 205.</p> <p>Pachybrachis othonus pallidipennis Suffrian: Balsbaugh 1973: 252 (taxonomy); Riley et al. 2003: 161 (catalogue); Clark et al. 2004: 160 (plant associations).</p> <p>Type Material. Suffrian (1858) cited his type as “From Texas (Mus. Berol.) and the neighborhood of the city of Mexico (Mus. Dohrn)”. A request to MNHUB did not reveal type material. A type specimen received by Edward G. Riley (TAMU) from Halle (MLUH), Germany (personal communication) was actually Pachybrachis umbraculatus Suffrian, so the type may no longer be extant, the wrong specimen was sent, or this represents the Mexican type referred to by Suffrian. Fall (1915) apparently studied the Texas type, and Balsbaugh (1973) made no mention of type.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Robust, L = 2.50– 2.92 mm (mean = 2.69 mm, n = 10); W = 1.43– 1.62 mm (mean = 1.54 mm, n = 10); L/W = 1.66– 1.79 (mean = 1.74, n = 10). Head: Slightly wider than thoracic apex, HW = 0.92–1.06 mm (mean = 0.99 mm, n = 10); eyes widely separated, IOD = 0.36–0.46 mm (mean = 0.40 mm, n = 10); IOD/ HW = 0.36–0.43 (mean = 0.41, n = 10), face mostly yellow with black, often discontinuous, W-shaped macula connecting the vertex and base of antennae, and up to base of upper lobe of eyes, finely alutaceous and shiny, punctation sparse and widely separated, antennae brown, not reaching elytral declivity. Pronotum: Yellow, pronotal M black with strigose punctures, often mildly separated into 3 parts, PL = 1.28–1.52 mm (mean = 1.42 mm, n = 10); PW = 0.82–1.02 mm (mean = 0.90 mm, n = 10); PL/PW = 1.49–1.63 (mean = 1.58, n = 10). Elytra: Yellow, elytral striae very regular and complete, sutural edges and shoulder club black. Pygidium: Finely punctate, weakly convex; black with large, confluent, oval yellow macula occupying majority of surface. Venter: Black, upper sides of last ventrite yellow. Legs: Yellow. Genitalia: Median lobe in en-face view parallelsided, gently rounded to a much reduced nodule at terminus (Fig. 3). Orificial space longer than wide with sclerotized basal plates. Primary setal beards forming long, loose wisps at apicolateral margin. In lateral view, ventral surface inflated, without keel, with a continuous bulge from base to near terminus (18 males from seven states were dissected).</p> <p>Female. As in male, except a few with remnants of vittae, L = 2.95–3.55 mm (mean = 3.21 mm, n = 10); W = 1.65–2.12 mm (mean = 1.88 mm, n = 10); HW = 1.09–1.30 mm (mean = 1.17 mm, n = 10); IOD = 0.49–0.60 mm (mean = 0.54 mm, n = 10); IOD/HW = 0.41–0.50 (mean = 0.46, n = 10).</p> <p>Remarks. Balsbaugh (1973) relegated P.pallidipennis to a subspecies of P. othonus occurring in semiarid and arid climatic zones. After an examination of 51 specimens from six states and conducting dissections and aedeagal examinations of 16 males, some of them with Balsbaugh’ s 1972 P. othonus sioux identification labels, I have concluded that P. pallidipennis is in fact a legitimate species. The regular elytral striation, and lack of orificial, sclerotized, paired lamellae as in P. othonus, re-establishes species status to P. pallidipennis (see Key). A series of Pachybrachis collected by Balsbaugh at Sentinel Butte, Golden Valley, North Dakota, contained 1♂ pallidipennis and 2♂♂ sioux -like othonus. Another series of 5♂♂ 3♀♀ vittate specimens from Ransom County, North Dakota, bearing P. othonus sioux Balsbaugh identification labels, were found upon dissection to be P. pallidipennis.</p> <p>Distribution. Pachybrachis pallidipennis is found from Texas and Louisiana to Wyoming and North Dakota (Map 1B). LeConte (1880) cited P. striatus as found in Texas and Kansas.</p> <p>Biological Notes. Clark et al. (2004) reported this species swept from foliage of Gutierrezia dracunculoides (DC.) Hoffm. and Gutierrezia texana (DC.) Torr. &amp; Gray (Asteraceae) in Bell County, Texas. Plant associations were cited on labels for</p> <p>Texas specimens on Monarda sp. (Lamiaceae) and Rudbeckia sp. (Asteraceae).</p> <p>Specimens Examined. See Appendix 3.</p> <p>4. Pachybrachis praeclarus Weise, 1913 (Fig. 4; Map 2B)</p> <p>Pachybrachys elegans Blatchley 1910: 1127 [not</p> <p>Graëlls].</p> <p>Pachybrachys praeclarus Weise 1913: 219</p> <p>[replacement name for Pachybrachys elegans</p> <p>Blatchley, 1910]; Fall 1915: 457 (taxonomy,</p> <p>catalogue); Hughes 1944: 132 (catalogue);</p> <p>Wilcox 1954: 392 (catalogue).</p> <p>Pachybrachis praeclarus Weise: Downie and</p> <p>Arnett 1966: 1318 (taxonomy); Barney 1984:</p> <p>141 (catalogue, in error); Riley et al. 2003: 162</p> <p>(catalogue); Clark et al. 2004: 158 (plant asso-</p> <p>ciations); Barney et al. 2011: 10 (catalogue).</p> <p>Type Material. Blatchley’ s male holotype of elegans, labeled “Purdue / Blatchley / collection // Marshall Co. / Ind. W.S.B. [printed, white paper] / 6 – 24 – 04 [hand-inked, white paper] // TYPE [printed, red paper] // PERC / 0084351 [printed, green paper]”, was examined via photographs provided by Gino Nearns.</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Robust, L = 2.89–3.17 mm (mean = 2.99 mm, n = 10); W = 1.61–1.87 mm (mean = 1.74 mm, n = 10); L/W = 1.69– 1.79 (mean = 1.72, n = 10). Head: Slightly wider than thoracic apex, HW = 0.96–1.17 mm (mean = 1.08 mm, n = 10); eyes widely separated, IOD = 0.39–0.57 mm (mean = 0.49 mm, n = 10); IOD/ HW = 0.41–0.48 (mean = 0.46, n = 10); face black, with fine, white pubescence. Pronotum: Broad, very wide basally, strongly narrowed apically; black, moderately shiny, external margins pale yellow, closely, heavily punctured; PL = 1.46–1.76 mm (mean = 1.59 mm, n = 10); PW = 0.77–1.03 mm (mean = 1.08 mm, n = 10); PL/PW = 1.55– 1.88 (mean = 1.69, n = 10). Elytra: Black, moderately shiny, external margins of pale yellow, regularly striate except basally near suture (Fig. 4). Pygidium: Black. Venter: Black. Legs: Black. Genitalia: Median lobe in en-face view with thickened, parallel sides gently rounding to terminus with small nodule, fine setae visible from across distal en-face outline; in lateral view, median lobe very short and thickened, with setae extending back to sublateral angle (six males from four states were dissected).</p> <p>Female. As in male, except L = 2.98 – 3.57 mm (mean = 3.39 mm, n = 10); W = 1.66 – 2.16 mm (mean = 1.96 mm, n = 10); HW = 1.02 – 1.30 mm (mean = 1.17 mm, n = 10); IOD = 0.45–0.68 mm (mean = 1.17 mm, n = 10); IOD/ HW = 0.44–0.52 (mean = 0.49, n = 10).</p> <p>Remarks. This is a very rare and unique species. It may not be morphologically part of the</p> <p>Map 2. A) Distribution of Pachybrachis nigricornis subspecies based upon specimens examined: P. autolycus (blue), P. carbonarius (black), P. carbonarius yellow (yellow), P. difficilis (green), P. nigricornis (purple), and P. wahsatchensis (grey). B) Distribution of P. nigricornis (black circles) and P. praeclarus (orange diamonds) based upon specimens examined.</p> <p>nigricornis species-group; however, it can be confused with the yellow form of P. nigricornis carbonarius, as per Barney (1984).</p> <p>Distribution. Five new state records were discovered: Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Specimens from Wyoming to Manitoba, southeast into Missouri and Kentucky were examined (Map 1B).</p> <p>Biological Notes. No references to habitats or plant associations were found on labels. However, I collected 17 specimens in two state nature preserves in Kentucky: Crooked Creek Barrens (oak barrens community) and Blue Licks Battlefield. Blatchley (1910) reported it beaten from hazel (Hamamelis sp., Hamamelidaceae) in Indiana. A specimen was collected by a flight intercept trap in an oak savanna in Wisconsin.</p> <p>Specimens Examined. See Appendix 4.</p> <p>5. Pachybrachis nigricornis (Say), 1824 (Figs. 5, 6A–E; Map 2A, B)</p> <p>Cryptocephalus nigricornis Say 1824: 436.</p> <p>Pachybrachys carbonarius Haldeman 1849: 260; LeConte 1880: 207 (taxonomy, catalogue); Castle and Laurent 1896: 300 (catalogue); Wickham 1896: 156 (catalogue); Blatchley 1910: 1125 (taxonomy, catalogue); Knaus 1916–1917: 263 (catalogue); Hughes 1944: 132 (catalogue); Wilcox 1954: 393 (catalogue). New synonymy.</p> <p>Pachybrachis carbonarius Haldeman: Melsheimer 1853: 126 (catalogue); Mombert 1869: 544 (catalogue).</p> <p>Pachybrachys nigricornis (Say): LeConte 1880: 209 (catalogue); Fall 1915: 460 (taxonomy, catalogue); Knaus 1916–1917: 262 (catalogue).</p> <p>Pachybrachys autolycus Fall 1915: 458; Knaus 1916–17: 262 (catalogue); Whelan 1936: 114 (catalogue); Wilcox 1954: 392 (catalogue). New synonymy.</p> <p>Pachybrachys autolycus var. difficilis Fall 1915: 459. New synonymy.</p> <p>Pachybrachys autolycus var. wahsatchensis Fall 1915: 459. New synonymy.</p> <p>Pachybrachys carbonarius, var. janus Fall 1915: 462. New synonymy.</p> <p>Pachybrachis nigricornis nigricornis (Say): Downie and Arnett 1966: 1318 (taxonomy); Balsbaugh and Hays 1972: 37 (catalogue); Balsbaugh and Tucker 1976: 119 (taxonomy); Riley et al. 2003: 160 (taxonomy, catalogue); Clark et al. 2004: 159 (plant associations); Ciegler 2007: 179 (taxonomy); Barney et al. 2013: 121 (taxonomy). New synonymy.</p> <p>Pachybrachis nigricornis carbonarius Haldeman: Downie and Arnett 1966: 1318 (taxonomy); Balsbaugh and Hays 1972: 38 (catalogue); Balsbaugh and Tucker 1976: 121 (taxonomy);</p> <p>Barney 1984: 141 (catalogue); Riley et al. 2003:</p> <p>160 (taxonomy, catalogue); Clark et al. 2004:</p> <p>159 (plant associations); Ciegler 2007: 180 (tax-</p> <p>onomy); Barney and Hall 2009: 467 (taxonomy,</p> <p>plant associations). New synonymy.</p> <p>Pachybrachis nigricornis difficilis Fall: Downie</p> <p>and Arnett 1966: 1318 (taxonomy); Balsbaugh</p> <p>and Tucker 1976: 121 (taxonomy); Riley et al.</p> <p>2003: 160 (taxonomy, catalogue); Clark et al.</p> <p>2004: 159 (plant associations). New synonymy. Pachybrachis nigricornis autolycus Fall: Balsbaugh</p> <p>and Tucker 1976: 122 (taxonomy); Barney 1984:</p> <p>137 (catalogue); Riley et al. 2003: 160 (taxon-</p> <p>omy, catalogue); Clark et al. 2004: 158 (plant</p> <p>associations). New synonymy.</p> <p>Type Material. Say’ s holotype of Pachybrachis nigricornis (Say), reported as from “ Missouri ”, is not extant (Weiss and Ziegler 1931). A male neoparatype in the SDSU, labeled “Boulder, COLO. / 5 mi. S, 5800’ / June 5 1961 / B. H. Poole [printed, white paper] // CRYPTOCEPHALUS / nigricornis Say 1823 (1824) / Designated by / E. U. Balsbaugh, Jr. 1974 [printed, red paper] // SMIRCO117874”, was dissected for aedeagal characteristics and photographed (Figs. 5, 6A). The female neotype that Balsbaugh and Tucker (1976) deposited in the CNC, bearing the exact same label as above, was examined via photographs provided by Douglas Hume (CNC).</p> <p>A male type of Pachybrachis carbonarius Haldeman in the LeConte Collection, labeled “[pink circular disc] // Type / 8404 [printed, red paper] // P. carbonarius / Hald. [hand-inked, white paper] // Jan. – Jun. 2001 / MCZ Image / Database // MCZ – ENT / 00008404”, was examined and photographed (Fig. 6B). Fall (1915) made no mention of the holotype. The female holotype of Pachybrachys carbonarius var. janus Fall, labeled “ ♀ // Neb // H. C. FALL / COLLECTION // M.C.Z. / Type / 24947 // Type c. / janus [hand-inked, white paper] // Jan. – Jul. 2006 / MCZ Image / Database”, was examined.</p> <p>The male holotype of Pachybrachis autolycus, labeled “ ♂ // Meade / Ks. / 6| 12| 03 [hand-inked] // TYPE autolycus [hand-inked, white paper] // H. C. FALL / COLLECTION // M.C.Z. / TYPE / 24916 [printed, red paper] // Jan. – Jul. 2006 / MCZ Image / Database”, was examined and photographed (Fig. 6E). The male holotype of Pachybrachis autolycus var. difficilis, labeled “Tyngsboro / Ms. 7|15|00 // ♂ // N. B. II. / p. 197. // 102 [hand-inked red, white paper] // TYPE / v. / difficilis [hand-inked, white paper] // M.C.Z. / TYPE / 24931 [printed, red paper] // H. C. FALL / COLLECTION // Jan. – Jul. 2006 / MCZ Image / Database ”, was examined and photographed (Fig. 6C). The male holotype of Pachybrachis autolycus var. wahsatchensis, labeled “ Wasatch / 6.27 Ut // ♂ // TYPE / wahsatch / ensis [handinked, white paper] // M.C.Z. / TYPE / 24992 [printed, red paper] // H. C. FALL / COLLEC- TION // Jan. – Jul. 2006 / MCZ Image / Database”, was examined and photographed (Fig. 6D).</p> <p>Redescription. Male. Highly variable, ranging from entirely black to mostly yellow, L = 2.09– 2.48 mm (mean = 2.28 mm, n = 10); W = 1.18– 1.39 mm (mean = 1.26 mm, n = 10); L/W = 1.73–1.98 (mean = 1.81, n = 10). Head: Slightly wider than thoracic apex, HW = 0.79–0.95 mm (mean = 0.85 mm, n = 10); eyes widely separated, IOD = 0.32–0.45 mm (mean = 0.37 mm, n = 10); IOD/HW = 0.40–0.48 (mean = 0.44, n = 10). Pronotum: Highly variable, ranging from entirely black to obscurely margined with rufous to yellow with moderate to broad, sharply defined, black M, the lateral vittae rarely disconnected from the median one; PL = 1.03–1.28 mm (mean = 1.13 mm, n = 10); PW = 0.67–0.85 mm (mean = 0.73 mm, n = 10); PL/PW = 1.41–1.64 (mean = 1.55, n = 10). Elytra: Highly variable, ranging from entirely black to obscurely margined with rufous to appearing black with subsutural vitta and yellow margin to yellow with each elytron with 2 discal vittae (often reduced or broken) and black suture (Figs. 5, 6 A-E). Pygidium: Highly variable, ranging from entirely black to mostly yellow. Venter: Highly variable, ranging from entirely black to mostly yellow. Legs: Highly variable, ranging from entirely black to mostly yellow. Genitalia: Median lobe en-face view widest above midpoint, gently rounded to nodule at terminus. Orificial space longer than wide, with lightly sclerotized basal plates. Setal beard short and fine, extending from widest point of median lobe to terminus. In lateral view, a straight line can be drawn from terminus to basal constriction, orificial side much inflated and curved (Fig. 5) (93 males from 25 states were dissected).</p> <p>Female. As in male, except L = 2.54– 3.03 mm (mean = 2.82 mm, n = 10); W = 1.42– 1.70 mm (mean = 1.56 mm, n = 10); HW = 0.91–1.09 mm (mean = 1.02 mm, n = 10); IOD = 0.44–0.57 mm (mean = 0.51 mm, n = 10); IOD/ HW = 0.45–0.53 (mean = 0.50, n = 10).</p> <p>Remarks. As noted above, all types were examined and photographed. Specimens from the same or similar locations as the types, often from the same collection event and externally appearing identical, were dissected for aedeagal characteristics. Additionally, over 90 specimens from 25 states, representing the range of external diversity described above, were dissected. Included in this aedeagal analysis were representatives from at least three states where the vittate (P. autolycus) and entirely black (P. carbonarius) forms were present at the same place and time (often in same sweep samples, personal observation) on multiple occasions and years. While subtle aedeagal variation was detected, no consistency was observed to be associated with external appearance (subspecies).</p> <p>To test this even further, a “blind” aedeagal association exercise was conducted. En-face and lateral views of five aedeagal specimens from each of four former subspecies (P. nigricornis autolycus, P. nigricornis carbonarius, P. nigricornis difficilis, and P. nigricornis nigricornis) were printed on a full sheet of paper. The 20 sheets were randomly laid out on a table, and I and an associate independently attempted to sort them solely based upon aedeagal photographs, there being no external beetle photos present (blind). Some grouping of aedeagi was attained, with one group appearing shorter and rounder, another relatively longer and thinner. However, once the photographs were identified, each of the four subspecies was represented in each group. We concluded that even though the beetles could be easily separated by external appearance, there was no consistent aedeagal differentiation. Therefore, P. nigricornis autolycus Fall, P. carbonarius Haldeman, P. nigricornis difficilis Fall, P. nigricornis nigricornis (Say), P. carbonarius janus Fall, and P. autolycus wahsatchensis Fall are all synonymized with P. nigricornis (Say).</p> <p>Distribution. Pachybrachis nigricornis is relatively common across eastern North America (Map 2B). Mapping the former subspecies (Map 2A) demonstrated the lack of any pattern, which Balsbaugh and Tucker (1976) acknowledged.</p> <p>Biological Notes. Clark et al. (2004) reported several potential plant associations from the literature for various P. nigricornis subspecies, and the following were indicated on labels in this study: P. nigricornis autolycus on Desmodium sp. (Fabaceae) in Illinois; P. nigricornis carbonarius on Fragaria sp. (Rosaceae) in Ontario, Quercus sp. (Fagaceae) in Alabama and Arkansas, Salix sp. (Salicaceae) in Idaho, and Rhus glabra L. (Anacardiaceae) in Illinois; and P. nigricornis nigricornis on Euphorbia esula L. (Euphorbiaceae) in North Dakota and Senecio sp. (Asteraceae) in Alabama. Barney et al. (2013) reported potential host plant records on labels for P. nigricornis on Cassandra calyculata (L.) D. Don (Ericaceae) and Potentilla simplex Michx. (Rosaceae). Barney and Hall (2009) confirmed that black and yellowmargined P. nigricornis carbonarius in Kentucky feed on the legumes Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. and Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton (Fabaceae). Label data indicates specimens were collected in barrens, glades, and hill prairies, and in Malaise traps and night sweeping.</p> <p>Specimens Examined. See Appendix 5 (a ‘Y’ designates that the specimens were the yellow-margined P. nigricornis carbonarius as described by Barney and Hall 2009).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3AA14CB4C353DFD70A3577F0690B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barney, Robert J.	Barney, Robert J. (2016): Definition and Revision of theOthonusSpecies-Group of North AmericanPachybrachisChevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 569-605, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.569, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.569
03A3AA14CB5E3532FEA0A4667D9B93F6.text	03A3AA14CB5E3532FEA0A4667D9B93F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachybrachis praeclarus	<div><p>Pachybrachis praeclarus</p> <p>Specimens Examined. Holotype + 49 specimens. CANADA: MANITOBA: Pembina R. M., Darlingford, 11.vii.1915, J. B. Wallis [1♂, CNC- LeS]; Wallace R. M., Virdon, 24.vi.1921, N. Criddle [1♀, CNC-LeS]; Unknown Co., Aweme, 9.vi.1911, N. Criddle [1♀, EUB, teste H. C. Fall, NDSIRC]; same data, except 1.vii.1913 [1♀, MCZ-FALL]; Winnipeg, 19.viii, F. M. Burridoe [1♀, MCZ]; same data, except 24.vi.1911, J. B. Wallis [1♀, MCZ-FALL]. USA: ILLINOIS: Knox Co., Galesburg, 14.vi, Stromburg Collection [1♂ 1♀, INHS]; Unknown Co., Ill. [1♂, MCZ]. INDIANA: Clark Co., 13.vi.1932, Montgomery, C. Schaeffer [1♂, USNM]; Marshall Co., 24.vi [1♂, HOLOTYPE, PERC]. IOWA: Story Co., Ames, 25.vi.1926, G. H. [1♂, ISUI]. KENTUCKY: Lewis Co., Crooked Creek Barrens State Nature Preserve, 28.vi.2005, R. J. Barney [1♂, RJBC]; same data, except 24.v.2006 [1♂ 1♀, RJBC]; same data, except 20.vi.2006 [5♂♂ 3♀♀, RJBC]; same data, except 2.vii.2008 [1♀, RJBC]; same data, except R. J. Barney &amp; S. L. Hall [1♂ 1♀, RJBC]; Robertson Co., Blue Licks Battlefield State Nature Preserve, 15.vi.2006, R. J. Barney [1♂, RJBC]; same data, except 17.vi.2009, R. J. Barney &amp; S. L. Hall [2♂♂, RJBC]. MINNESOTA: Red Lake Co., Plummer, 2.vi.1933, D. Denning [1♀, UMSP]. MISSOURI: Benton Co., Jct. hwy. 65 &amp; 52, 7.vi.1980, E. G. Riley [1♂, UMRM]; Callaway Co., Tucker Prairie, 21-25.vi.1968 [1♂ 1♀, UMRM]; same data, except 5-19.vii.1968 [1♂ 1♀, UMRM]; same data, except 24.vi.1969 [1♀, UMRM]; 14.vi.1989, D. G. LeDoux [1♂, TAMU]; same data, except 14.vi.1992 [1♀, TAMU]; Morgan Co., Hite Prairie, 14.v.1993, D. G. LeDoux [1♂ 2♀♀, TAMU]; same data, except 8.vi.1994 [1♀, TAMU]; Pettis Co., Friendly Prairie, 17-30.vi.1989, D. G. LeDoux [1♂ 1♀, TAMU]; Paint Brush Prairie, 24.v.1993, D. G. LeDoux [2♂♂, TAMU]; same data, except 14.vi.1994 [2♂♂ 1♀, TAMU]. SOUTH DAKOTA: Unknown Co., Black Hills, 24.vi, J. L. Webb [2♂♂, Fall 1915 Revis, USNM]. WISCONSIN: Monroe Co., Fort McCoy, 1.5 mi E Badger Drop Zone, flight intercept trap-oak savanna, 26-30.vi.1997, J. A. Maxwell [1♂, TAMU]. WYOMING: Fremont Co., Cook Lake Recreation Area, 23.vii.1990, B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr [3♂♂ 2♀♀, CNC].</p> <p>APPENDIX 5</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A3AA14CB5E3532FEA0A4667D9B93F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Barney, Robert J.	Barney, Robert J. (2016): Definition and Revision of theOthonusSpecies-Group of North AmericanPachybrachisChevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 569-605, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.569, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.569
