taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A53573FFE2FFC6FC14FADCFD6BFD4E.taxon	description	Description. Body length ranges in 0.4 – 0.6 mm. Bosmina fatalis has a long rostrum fused with antennules of variable length and shape (Fig. 3 B). B. fatalis in the study has an oval shaped front head pore situated at the midpoint between the two frontal setae that conforms to the description of (Fig. 4 D) that conforms to the description of Kořínek et al. (1997). A small and round median head pore (MHP) is also located on the dorsal surface of the head which is connected to the cord-like structure that is suggested to be a supraeosophageal ganglion (Kořínek et al., 1997). Long mucro situated at the distal end of the carapace. Setules are observed in the postabdomen with a slightly convex ventral margin and an anal opening at the lateral aspect. The postabdominal claw consists of a row of 6 – 8 teeth with minute spines continuing ventrally (Fig. 3 C).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE2FFC6FC14FADCFD6BFD4E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cagayan: Lake Bangalau, Benguet: Ambuklao dam; Nueva Ecija: Pantabangan dam; Tarlac: Lake Tambo; National Capital Region (NCR): Pasig River, Marikina River; Laguna: Lake Palakpakin, Lake Kalibato, Lake Yambo, Lake Tadlak, Lake Caliraya, Lake Lumot-Mahipon; Batangas: Lake Taal; Camarines Sur: Lake Buhi, Lake Bato; Sorsogon: Lake Bulusan; Oriental Mindoro: Lake Naujan; Negros Oriental: Lake Danao, Lake Kabalin-an; Lanao del Norte: Agus IV Dam; Agusan Del Norte: Lake Mainit; South Cotabato: Lake Lahit, Lake Siloton, Lake Sebu; Lanao del Sur: Lake Lanao (Fig. 2).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE2FFC6FC14FADCFD6BFD4E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. B. fatalis collected in the Philippines were compared to the same species sampled in Taihu Lake, China (type locality). The species is reported in East Asian lakes and reservoirs. B. fatalis can also be found from the temperate zone in the north to the subtropical and tropical areas (Japan, Philippines, China and Indonesia) (Fernando, 2002).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE3FFC6FF3DFB39FC2DFC0E.taxon	description	Description. Body length ranges in 0.1 – 0.4 mm. Distributed through the tropics and some localities in the temperate, this species are characterised by relatively small with a supraocular depressions or slight keels (Fig. 5 A). The antennule and the rostrum are merged (Fig. 5 B). The distal part of the antennules are diverging which makes Bosminopsis deitersi unique from other species under Bosminidae (Fig. 5 B). A cone-like postabdomen contains a rounded tip (Fig. 5 C) that is mostly seen protruded outside of the carapace. A short sharp postabdominal claw is not similar to most Bosmina. It contains small teeth with small spines continuing dorsally.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE3FFC6FF3DFB39FC2DFC0E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cagayan: Lake Bangalau; Camarines Sur: Lake Bato, Lake Baao; Oriental Mindoro: Lake Naujan (Fig. 2)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE3FFC6FF3DFB39FC2DFC0E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species is reported in both tropics and subtropics in the world with several localities in the north temperate zone. Bosminopsis deitersi collected in the Philippines was compared with the species in Taihu Lake, China and revealed the same morphological characters in exception of the setae at the tip of the antennule which are not present in the samples coming from the Philippines (Fernando, 2002).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE3FFC0FC5CFA39FEFAFE6D.taxon	description	Description. Chydoridae is the largest family in Anomopoda and the largest family under Superorder Cladocera. It has two recognised sub families: Chydorinae and Aloninae (Dumont & Negrea, 2002). Chydorus sphaericus is one of the most common species of chydorids found worldwide. It is characterised by a subglobular body with valves having polygons. It has a well pointed rostrum and a very short antennule. Its labral plate is cuneiform and has an elongated tip. It has a short post abdomen with 8 – 10 anal teeth. It occurs in both the littoral and the limnetic zones. It has limited distribution in the Philippines found mostly in freshwater bodies with good macrophyte cover in the littoral zones. (Fig. 8)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE3FFC0FC5CFA39FEFAFE6D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Palawan: Lake Malbato; Misamis Oriental: Lake Danao; Bukidnon: Lake Pinamaloy (Fig. 7).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE3FFC0FC5CFA39FEFAFE6D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. It has a possible worldwide distribution but are less morphologically variable in the tropics. Recognised as a species complex and possibly be separated into several genera and species. It occurs in both littoral and limnetic zones. It is dominant in highly eutrophic waters with dense macrophyte cover.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE5FFC0FF1BFC9AFC45FE4D.taxon	description	Description. Relocated from the genus Chydorus, this species is easily identified by its serrated labrum with four teeth (Frey, 1982). Its body is globular to subglobular like other chydorids. It has short blunt rostrum in comparison with C. sphaericus. Its ocellus is large but slightly smaller than the eye. The post abdomen is ciliated along its entire length. It is found only in the tropics. It is relatively well distributed in the Philippines with specimens found from Luzon to Mindanao (Figs. 9, 10).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE5FFC0FF1BFC9AFC45FE4D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ilocos Norte: Lake Paoay; Cagayan: A dam in Binag, Lake Nalbuan, Lake Calig, Camarines Sur: Lake Baao; Cebu: Lake Danao; Negros Oriental: Lake Kabalin- an: Agusan Del Norte: Lake Mainit; South Cotabato: Lake Lahit, Lake Siloton (Fig. 7)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE5FFC0FF1BFC9AFC45FE4D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Possibly well distributed in the tropics and sub tropics with specimens reported in Syria, Iran, India, Sri Lanka, Australia, Nicaragua and North America. It is considered as a species complex that can be separated into several species. Fairly common in littoral zones and sometimes present in low numbers in the limnetic and lotic habitats.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE5FFC0FC88FCDAFA8FF90D.taxon	description	Description. The status of Picripleuroxus as a genus has long been strongly argued. The latter has been re-established as a subgenera in recent literatures. Carapace is oval with no distinct characters in the posterior part of the dorsal margin but rather high on its lateral part. Rostrum curved and pointed. Ocellus situated near the tip of the rostrum. Antennae with one spine on the apical ends of the antennal segment. Post abdomen a little bit long and narrowing to the terminal claw. Anal teeth size is decreasing across the length of the post abdomen but variable across population. Terminal claw with two accessory spines near its base. It has only been observed in two lakes in Cagayan province contrary to previous sightings (Fig. 11).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE5FFC0FC88FCDAFA8FF90D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cagayan: Lake Nalbuan, Lake Cansiritan (Fig. 7).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE5FFC0FC88FCDAFA8FF90D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Found also in Australia, Iraq, Argentina, Thailand, Vietnam China and Far East Russia. Commonly found in littoral zones of ponds and reservoirs and streams.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE6FFC3FEFAFE99FA4BFE2E.taxon	description	Description. The genus Alona is the largest anomopod genus. It represents almost half of the species of Chydoridae. The genus itself has been broken down to several genera in recent years. The species represent many synonyms and is recently being separated into several species. In 2002, A. cambouei was separated from this group. It has an oval body with around 40 – 45 setae on the ventral margin. Its head shield is elongated and has short and blunt rostrum. It has a narrow post abdomen of moderate length. Found in several freshwater bodies in all major regions of the Philippines from rivers to lakes and reservoirs (Fig. 12)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE6FFC3FEFAFE99FA4BFE2E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cagayan: Lake Calig, Lake Nalbuan; Benguet: Ambuklao Dam; Bontoc and Kalinga: Chico River; Laguna: Lake Tadlak; Camarines Sur: Lake Baao; Cebu: Lake Danao; Agusan Del Norte: Lake Mainit, Agusan River; Lanao Del Norte: Agus IV Dam (Fig. 7)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE6FFC3FEFAFE99FA4BFE2E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Considered as a species group with tropical to sub-tropical distribution in Asia, Africa and Australia. Fairly common in littoral zones of lakes, rivers and streams.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE7FFCDFC78FF39FABDFEEE.taxon	description	Rostrum slightly pointed. Labral plate with widely rounded apex and cuneiform in shape. Antennule usually reaching the tip of the rostrum. Long but weak swimming antennae. Post abdomen is long and narrow with 1 – 2 accessory spines on its terminal claw; anal denticles pass over each other	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE8FFCDFC46FEF8FACCFB8E.taxon	description	Description. First described by Smirnov in 1971, it has a worldwide distribution and is almost exclusively littoral as most chydorids are. It has an oval body with several feathered setae in its ventral margin. It has a very small ocellus situated near its rostrum. It has long antennules almost reaching the apex of the rostrum. Its labrum has an irregular convex anterior margin and a few spines and setules on its ventral margin. It has a very narrow distinct post abdomen with 14 – 16 anal denticles. A single specimen was observed in a local reservoir in Cagayan province (Fig. 15).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE8FFCDFC46FEF8FACCFB8E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cagayan: A dam in the town of Binag (Fig. 7).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE8FFCDFC46FEF8FACCFB8E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A widely distributed species, found in Romania, southwest Siberia, Israel, Iraq, Ethiopia, Egypt, Mexico, and Guatemala. Common in littoral zones of lakes and small streams with thick macrophyte vegetation.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE9FFCCFF31FED9FE70FB8E.taxon	description	Description. It is common in stationary water bodies and not widely observed in lotic ecosystems. Its body is ovaloblong in shape. The carapace of the species does not have a keel. Its antennule reaches the tip of its rostrum. It has short swimming antennae with two strong well developed spines. The ventral margin of its carapace has long feathered setae. Relatively narrow, the post abdomen of O. singalensis has a long basal spine with 3 accessory spines on its base. It was found exclusively in Luzon in both littoral and limnetic samples (Figs. 16, 17)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE9FFCCFF31FED9FE70FB8E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cagayan: A dam in the town of Binag, Lake Nalbuan; Pampanga: Candaba swamp; Laguna: Lake Sampaloc, Lake Kalibato (Fig. 7)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFE9FFCCFF31FED9FE70FB8E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Common in tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa and Australia. Found in sandy and muddy sediments of littoral zones of lakes and reservoirs.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFEAFFCEFEF8FE19FEE3FE2E.taxon	description	Description. Moinidae is composed of only two genera: Moina and Moinodaphnia. Moina are found from temporary freshwater pools to brackish and saline lakes. Moina micrura are one of the smallest species in Family Moinidae. Mean length in all specimen examined is 1.1 mm. The head is evidently characterised by a well-developed supraocular depression and a large eye (Fig. 19 A). The antennules of M. micrura are situated in a knob-liked position just behind the eye with two sensory setae in each located one-third to one-half the distance from the head. The sensory papillae are long and distinguishable. A distinct groove located behind the second antennae separates the head and the body. The exopod is composed of four-segmented ramus which contains heavy setation that extends from second to the fourth segment. Two short sensory setae are evident in the second antennae as shown in Fig. 19 E. The P 1 has reduced its filtering functions but have fewer setae compared to other sidids (Fig. 19 D). Carapace is round and surrounded by 37 – 40 setae in the shell margin. The postabdomen is short and slender. The distal conical portion composes one-fourth of the total length. A sharp postabdominal claw contains three to eleven feathered teeth (Fig. 19 C). The number of teeth varies on the body size of the specimen. Its dorsal margin is characterised by having several numbers of setae extend up to the sharp part of the claw. There is also a long bident tooth present located at the base of the feathered teeth. The long and sharply curved postabdominal claw contains four to seven sharp teeth that are also called “ basaldorn ” that extends towards the distal end (Goulden, 1968).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFEAFFCEFEF8FE19FEE3FE2E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ilocos Norte: Lake Paoay; Cagayan: Lake Nagatutuan; Benguet: Ambuklao Dam; Pangasinan: Fish Pond in Burgos; Tarlac: Lake Tambo; Nueva Ecija: Pantabangan Dam; Zambales: Lake Mapanuepe; Pampanga: Candaba swamp; National Capital Region (NCR): Pasig River, Marikina River; Laguna: Lake Bunot, Lake Palakpakin, Lake Sampaloc, Lake Pandin, Lake Kalibato, Lake Tadlak, Lake Caliraya, Lake Lumot-Mahipon, Laguna De Bay; Batangas: Taal Lake; Camarines Sur: Lake Buhi; Oriental Mindoro: Lake Naujan; Misamis Oriental: Lake Gumaod; South Cotabato: Lake Siloton, Lake Lahit, Lake Sebu (Fig. 18)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFEAFFCEFEF8FE19FEE3FE2E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. M. micrura can be distinguished from other Moinids based from its small size and by the complete absence of hairs on both the head and shell. The species is reported in the Palearctic region and also from the tropics and subtropics of America, Australia (2002) as well as in Africa and Europe (Goulden, 1968). Goulden (1968) also confirmed its presence in the Far East and Southeast Asia specifically in India, Indonesia and Taiwan. The species is mostly found in temporary water bodies but is also common in large plankton of large freshwater lakes (Fernando, 2002; Goulden, 1968).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFEBFFC9FF3FFC99FD5BFEEE.taxon	description	Description. The body length ranges in 0.9 – 1.3 mm. The head is sub-triangular in shape. The large eye fills the tip of the head with an ocellus present below the eye and is located above the origin point of the antennules (Fig. 21 D). Supraocular depression is not present in Moinodaphnia macleayi. The antennules are long and thin, lack the vertical row of long hairs, and are ornamented only with horizontal rows of short setae. The distal end of the antennule has nine sensory papillae. One segment of the second antennae, the basiopod has two sensory setae which originate from the distal end of the rami (Fig. 12 B). One of the four swimming seta has been reduced in size for genus Moina but remains its longer size in Moinodapnia. The valves of the carapace joined together in the mid-line of the body axis and have a row of small setae. The postabdomen is similar to the genus Moina containing 10 – 11 feathered teeth and one long bident tooth on the lateral side with pattern of fine setae in the dorsal margin. (Fig. 21 C). The claw lacks a pecten but with a row of fine short hairs.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFEBFFC9FF3FFC99FD5BFEEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cagayan: Lake Calig; Kalinga: Temporary pool in Asibanglan, Pinukpuk (Fig. 18).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFEBFFC9FF3FFC99FD5BFEEE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Moinodaphnia has a different distribution and habitat from that of Moina. It prefers to be in small temporary ponds, small lakes, swamps and pools. The species lives near the mud or in the weeds where it filters the water surrounding the weeds. It is distributed throughout the humid tropics specifically in Africa, Australia, South America, Caribbean Islands, Philippines and India (Fernando, 2002).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFECFFC9FF35FCB9FBCDFCCE.taxon	description	Description. This Diaphanosoma species is characterised by a very large cone-shaped head, almost ½ of its body size. Spine on the apical end of the antennal branch can either be curved or straight. Number of denticles in its carapace is increasing with body size with thin setules in between them. It commonly coexists with D. tropicum in tropical and sub- tropical Asia (Korovchinsky, 2000). In the Philippines it also co-occurs with D. sarsi and D. excisum in several freshwater bodies in Luzon (Fig. 24).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFECFFC9FF35FCB9FBCDFCCE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tarlac: Lake Tambo; Laguna: Lake Bunot, Lake Yambo, Lake Mohicap, Lake Palakpakin, Lake Pandin, Lake Sampaloc, Lake Caliraya, Laguna De Bay; Camarines Sur: Lake Baao, Bicol River; Agusan Del Norte: Agusan River (Fig. 23)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFECFFC9FF35FCB9FBCDFCCE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species can also be found in Russia, China, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Malaysia. Comparative specimens collected from China (Ming Lake, Jinan University, Guangzhou City) have strongly curved apical antennal spine in comparison with Philippine specimens with straight spines. The species is common in lakes, reservoirs and fish ponds. It is primarily limnetic and can co-exist with other sidids and limnetic cladocerans. Species have bigger head in comparison with its two closely related species D. tropicum and D. modigliani. It has a variable spine on its antennal branches ranging from straight to strongly curved.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFECFFC8FC68FC18FBF2FDAE.taxon	description	Description. The species is common throughout the inland waters of the country. Almost always co-existing with D. sarsi, it can easily be differentiated from the latter with its strongly-developed dorsal part on its head. This gives its head a well large rectangular appearance. Eye ranges from moderate to large. Its carapace oblong-oval in shape, with ventral parts forming a narrow free flap with feathered margins. Its ventral margins have large sharp denticles. It is fairly common in the tropics and subtropics, It can survive different environments from highly turbid to slightly saline waters (Chatterji et al., 1995) (Figs. 25, 26).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFECFFC8FC68FC18FBF2FDAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ilocos Norte: Lake Paoay; Cagayan: Lake Nalbuan, Lake Calig, Lake Nagatutuan, Lake Cansiritan, Lake Cassily; Benguet: Ambuklao dam; Kalinga: Fish pond in Laoagan Resort Inn in Tabuk; Pangasinan: Fish pond in Burgos; Tarlac: Lake Tambo; Nueva Ecija: Pantabangan Dam; Zambales: Lake Mapanuepe; National Capital Region (NCR): Pasig River; Marikina River; Laguna: Lake Bunot, Lake Yambo, Lake Mohicap, Lake Palakpakin, Lake Pandin, Lake Sampaloc, Lake Tadlak, Lake Kalibato, Lake Lumot- Mahipon, Laguna De Bay; Batangas: Lake Taal; Camarines Sur: Lake Bato, Lake Baao, Lake Buhi; Oriental Mindoro: Lake Naujan; Leyte: Lake Bito; Bohol: Malinao Dam; Agusan del Norte: Lake Mainit; Lanao del Norte: Agus IV Dam, Tubud-Mayahay River; Bukidnon: Lake Pulangi, Lake Pinamaloy; South Cotabato: Lake Siloton (Fig. 23)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFECFFC8FC68FC18FBF2FDAE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. D. excisum is also distributed in tropical and subtropical Australia, India, Eastern China, Nepal and possibly Northern Africa. One of the more adaptable sidids, it can survive in acidic, turbid and even slightly brackish waters. It is common to water bodies with aquaculture and co-existing with other limnetic cladocerans. It can be easily differentiated from D. sarsi with the strong dorsal portion of its head and more massive antennae.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFEDFFD5FC71FDB9FE7DFD4E.taxon	description	Description. Diaphanosoma sarsi is the most well-distributed cladoceran found throughout the Philippines. It is found in almost all types of water bodies from swamps to a few river systems. This species is distinguished by a small roundish rectangular head with sloping dorsal side. Its eye occupies almost the whole area of the head. The carapace of D. sarsi is situated high on its body with its ventral parts forming a broad free flap. Its ventral margins have around 13 – 40 small denticles. It is fairly common throughout inland water bodies especially in lakes and reservoirs in the tropics except Africa (Fernando, 2002). In the Philippines it co-exists with three other species of Diaphanosoma (Figs. 27, 28).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFEDFFD5FC71FDB9FE7DFD4E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ilocos Norte: Lake Paoay; Cagayan: Lake Nalbuan, Lake Nagatutuan Lake, Lake Bangalau; Benguet: Ambuklao dam; Kalinga: Fish pond in Laoagan Resort Inn; Pampanga: Candaba swamp; Tarlac: Lake Tambo; Zambales: Lake Mapanuepe; National Capital Region (NCR): Pasig River, Marikina River; Laguna: Lake Bunot, Lake Yambo, Lake Mohicap, Lake Pandin, Lake Sampaloc, Lake Tadlak, Lake Kalibato, Lake Lumot-Mahipon, Lake Caliraya, Laguna De Bay; Batangas: Lake Taal; Camarines Sur: Lake Baao, Lake Buhi; Sorsogon: Lake Bulusan; Oriental Mindoro: Lake Naujan; Negros Oriental: Lake Balinsasayao; Leyte: Lake Danao, Lake Bito; Bohol: Malinao Dam; Agusan del Norte: Agusan River; Lanao del Norte: Agus IV Dam, Tubud- Mayahay River; Bukidnon: Lake Apo, Lake Pulangi, Lake Pinamaloy; South Cotabato: Lake Lahit (Fig. 23)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFEDFFD5FC71FDB9FE7DFD4E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Species is found in tropical and sub-tropical Asia. Populations have been found in Nepal, Eastern China, Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Guam and few sites in tropical Africa. It can be found in a wide range of water bodies from large ancient lakes to rice fields. Common sidid found in lotic ecosystems. Prefers shallow waters with heavy vegetation but can also be observed in the limnetic zones of lakes. They are more sensitive to physico-chemical parameters in comparison with other Diaphanosoma species. D. sarsi has a noticeable sloping dorsal portion of its head that can easily differentiate it from other closely related species.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFF0FFD4FF1EFC99FECDFECD.taxon	description	Description. Separated from D. modigliani by (Korovchinsky, 1998) after re-assessing its occurrence outside Lake Toba in Indonesia, it is characterized by a cone shaped head almost 1 / 3 of its body size. Its first record in the Philippines is in Lake Taal (Papa & Zafaralla, 2011). It exists in several lakes in Luzon Island and co-existing with the more common D. sarsi and D. excisum. Ends of the distal segment of its swimming antennae have a noticeable curved spine often having hook like appearance. The postero-ventral margin of its carapace have noticeable differing denticles as they progress dorsally and long thin setules between them. Its post abdomen prominently dorsal and have a strong convex curve. Outside of the country it is found in Malaysia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka and China (Fernando, 2002) (Fig. 29).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFF0FFD4FF1EFC99FECDFECD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Ilocos Norte: Lake Paoay; Tarlac: Lake Tambo; Laguna: Lake Bunot, Lake Palakpakin, Lake Pandin, Lake Lumot-Mahipon, Laguna De Bay; Batangas: Lake Taal; Camarines Sur: Lake Bato, Lake Baao, Lake Buhi (Fig. 23).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFF0FFD4FF1EFC99FECDFECD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Recent re-evaluation of localities of D. modigliani outside Lake Toba by Korovchinsky in 1998 where the species is commonly associated with have shown that the species is also present in India, Sri Lanka, China, Thailand and Malaysia. Found in lakes and reservoirs co-existing with other limnetic cladocerans with aquaculture. It is an adaptive species that can survive slightly brackish water and a wide range of varying physico-chemical parameters. It is differentiated from D. modigliani and D. dubium from its strongly curved antennal spine and prominently curved post abdomen.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFF1FFD4FED5FD7AFA96FD4C.taxon	description	Description. Contrary to previous records, the species is rare and very few individuals were observed in the collected samples. It is easily identified by its body structure where its head is not clearly delimited from the body. Its eye positioned near the dorsal side of the head. Sensory seta of the antennule of L. australis is longer than its basipodite. Its post abdomen is relatively small with few anal spines and has terminal claws with two basal spines. It is also a poorly described species composed of several sub species. They are found mainly in the littoral zone of lakes and reservoirs, in ponds, swamps, and other temporary water bodies (Fig. 30).	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFF1FFD4FED5FD7AFA96FD4C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cagayan: Lake Calig; Oriental Mindoro: Lake Naujan; Leyte: Lake Danao (Fig. 23)	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
03A53573FFF1FFD4FED5FD7AFA96FD4C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. L. australis are also found in tropical and subtropical Australia, Asia, Africa and America. Temperate localities have also been reported in Italy, Yugoslavia Bulgaria and Northern America. They are found in littoral zones of lakes, reservoirs, and other water bodies with good vegetation. They also thrive in the limnetic zones of pools but prefer bottom sediments for its habitat. It is a poorly described species with a possibility of being a species group.	en	Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Papa, Rey Donne S. (2014): Taxonomy and distribution of four Cladoceran families (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Moinidae, Bosminidae, Chydoridae and Sididae) in Philippine inland waters. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 771-794, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5356221
