identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A48794FFD4FFEB6F854F3E74B3F9AE.text	03A48794FFD4FFEB6F854F3E74B3F9AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aderidae	<div><p>Key to Genera</p><p>1. With complete suture between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2; overall body length large for family (length 2.35–3.18 mm); elongate, total body length 3× elytral width; eyes without anterior emargination; Figs 2A,B .......... Scraptogetus Broun, 1893</p><p>- With incomplete suture between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2; overall body length average to small for family (length 1.35–2.11 mm); not elongate, total body length 2× elytral width; eyes with slight to moderate anterior emargination............... 2</p><p>2. Pronotum transverse; head width subequal to pronotal width; eyes with slight anterior emargination, eyes reniform; apex of pedicel subequal in width to base of antennomere 3 (Fig. 6B); Fig. 2C ............................. Transrenus gen. n.</p><p>- Pronotum subquadrate; head width greater than pronotal width; eyes with distinct anterior emargination, eyes subcircular; apex of pedicel smaller in width than base of antennomere 3 (Fig. 8B, 13B)........................................... 3</p><p>3. Metatibial apex not expanded (Fig. 9E); metafemur with ctenidium and row of sclerotized ridges present on hind face (Fig. 9D, 9F); antennomere 3 subequal in length and width to antennomere 4; Fig. 2D ....................... Pseudozena gen. n.</p><p>- Metatibial apex expanded (Fig. 13E); metafemur with countersunk excavation with overlying setae present on hind face (Figs 20 A–20J); antennomere 3 shorter and thinner compared to antennomere 4 (Figs 8B, 13B); Figs 11 A–11E, 12A–12E.............................................................................................. Zenascus gen. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFD4FFEB6F854F3E74B3F9AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFD4FFED6F854D0374B3FBFB.text	03A48794FFD4FFED6F854D0374B3FBFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scraptogetus Broun 1893: 1357 - 1358	<div><p>SCRAPTOGETUS Broun, 1893</p><p>Scraptogetus Broun 1893: 1357–1358; Hutton, 1904: 190; Pic, 1911: 7; Hudson, 1923: 385; Hudson, 1934: 204; Franciscolo, 1972: 149; Watt, 1987: 112; Lawrence et. al., 1990: 648; Leschen et al., 2003: 24; Ewers &amp; Didham, 2008: 5427.</p><p>Type species: Scraptogetus anthracinus Broun, 1893 (by monotypy).</p><p>Metasclera Broun 1914: 198; Hudson, 1923: 386; Hudson, 1934: 204 [implied synonymy]; Watt, 1987:112.</p><p>Type species: Metasclera nigricans Broun 1914: 198; Arnett, 1950: 222.</p><p>Pseudananca Blackburn, 1893: 135 .</p><p>Type species: Pseudananca ruficollis Blackburn, 1893: 135 (by monotypy). Syn. n.</p><p>Diagnosis. The genus Scraptogetus is easily separated from most other aderid genera based on the elongate body form, the protuberant eyes without any anterior emargination, pronotum narrowed anteriorly from about the middle, the brushes of modified setae present on the metafemora of both males and females, and the complete, distinct su-ture present between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2. Members of this genus most strongly resemble the western North American species ‘ Xylophilus’ constrictus Fall. They are easily separated because ‘ Xylophilus’ constrictus has no modified setae on the metafemora whereas members of Scraptogetus have dense brushes of modified setae on the metafemora (Figs 5 A–5D). The overall body length for members of Scraptogetus is over 2 mm whereas ‘Xylophilus’ constrictus is less than 2 mm.</p><p>Description. Large size for family, length 2.31–3.13 mm. Elongate, body about 3× longer than wide. Dorsal surface piceous to brunneous ( S. ruficollis with pronotum rufotestaceous); vestiture uniseriate, clothed with decumbent, fine, very long setae arising anterad of each puncture, without additional setae between punctures except for one seta present between every 5–7 punctures, confined to lateral and apical regions. Ventral vestiture uniseriate. Head gradually, slightly constricted posteriorly, forming slight neck. Eyes strongly protuberant, coarsely faceted, without anterior emargination, with short interfacetal setae. Antennal insertions dorso-anterad of eyes, separated from one another by width of three insertions. Frontoclypeal suture present. Antenna with scape slightly longer than broad; pedicel globular, about 0.5× width of scape; antennomere 3 elongate, longer than pedicel, with base 1/2 that of apex of pedicel; antennomeres 3–7 subequal in length; antennomere 8 slightly shorter than antennomere 7; antennomere 9 slightly shorter than antennomere 8; antennomere 10 slightly shorter than antennomere 11; antennomere 11 subequal in length to antennomere 7. Mandible bidentate. Maxilla with 3 rd palpomere 0.5× length of maxillary palpomere 2, palpomere 4 greatly expanded, width increasing about 4–7× in width from base to apex. Apical labial palpomere slightly expanded, without field of modified setae on ventral aspects. Pronotum broad to subquadrate, width slightly greater or subequal to length, pronotal width 0.5–0.6× elytral width, sides sinuate, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles rounded, basal margin greater than apical margin, disc with two deeply depressed basal fovea and deep subapical transverse sulcus. Prosternal process extremely short, apex acute. Mesonotum with slight central anterior notch, suture between mesonotum and scutellar shield distinct, straight; scutellar shield length great-er than width, posterior margin truncate, lateral apices rounded. Elytral length 2.3–2.6× elytral width, integument with deep, elliptical punctures; subscutellar depression absent; posterior margins rounded, without protrusions. Mesoventrite without procoxal rests; with small, shallow punctation. Mesanepisternum with round, shallow punctation. Mesanepisternal-mesepimeral suture present and not fused. Mesepimeron with round, shallow punctation. Mesoventral process narrow, about 0.5× width of mesocoxa. Meso-metaventral junction with mesoventrite overlapping metaventrite. Metaventrite with shallow, circular punctures, approximately evenly spaced anteriorly; discrimen distinct, with invagination. Metendosternite with moderately long lateral arms; anterior process absent; laminae well-developed; anterior process short. Profemur simple, width subequal basally, medially, and apically. Proleg with tibia gradually expanded in width apically, without apical spine; tarsomeres 1–3 subequal in width, each with ventral expansion; 1 st protarsomere 2× longer than protarsomere 2, 2 nd protarsomere 1.5× longer than protarsomere 3, protarsomere 4 reduced, 5 th protarsomere 4× longer than wide. midleg with femur simple, width subequal basally, medially, and apically; tibia slightly and gradually expanded apically; tarsomeres 1–5 subequal in width; 1 st mesotarsomere 3× longer than mesotarsomere 2; 2 nd mesotarsomere 2× longer than mesotarsomere 3; 3 rd mesotarsomere about 2× length of mesotarsomere 4; mesotarsomere 5× longer than wide. Hindleg with femur fusiform, with dense rows of thickened, modified setae on posterior-ventral apices; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex; tarsomere 1 elongate, length approximately 10× width; length of metatarsomere subequal to width, expanded ventrally, with adhesive, spatulate setae confined to ventral face; metatarsomere 3 reduced; metatarsomere 4 length approximately 5× width. Abdomen with ventrites 1 and 2 connate, suture indicated laterally and medially, without appressed, thick field of pubescence, length of 1 st and 2 nd ventrites combined 2× length of ventrite 3; abdominal process narrowly rounded; length of ventrites 3 and 4 subequal; shallow punctures, subequally spaced apart from one another on ventrites 1–5; ventrite 4 without an elevated plate; ventrite 5 without medial impression. Aedeagus with slight indication between phallobase and apicale; phallobase posteriorly rounded; apicale with well-developed accessory lobes, each with four setae, two long setae and two short setae; penis with anterior struts present, extending past phallobase; apex broadly rounded.</p><p>Females. Ventrite 5 without medial setiferous pit. Apex of last abdominal ventrite and tergite without serration.</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand and Australia.</p><p>Remarks. Scraptogetus keys to subfamily I and tribe 2 of Werner (1990) because males of the species have accessory lobes present on the apicale and the metafemora have modified setal brushes in both sexes. Hudson (1934: 204) indicated that Scraptogetus anthracinus Broun was synonymous with Metasclera nigricans Broun, but did not list the two genera as synonymns; though Watt (1987) did. This implied syonomy is accepted here. Scraptogetus is presently restricted to New Zealand and Australia and is the only genus in New Zealand that has a complete suture visibly separating abdominal ventrites 1 and 2. We have examined the male type specimen of Pseudananca ruficollis Blackburn, which has a complete suture visible between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2, accessory lobes present on the apicale, and the metafemora with modified setal brushes. Watt (1987:112) commented that Pseudananca “appears closely related to, but distinct from, Scraptogetus ”, distinct, referring to perhaps, the more triangulate antennomeres of the male compared to New Zealand forms. The metafemoral brushes of Pseudananca ruficollis are the same type as that of the Scraptogetus species and are almost indistinguishable from those of Scraptogetus anthracinus . This general shape and location of metafemoral setal brushes are generally conserved within aderid genera. Due to this character and the other similarities, we have chosen to synonymize Pseudananca with Scraptogetus . All three Scraptogetus species are included in the key below. ‘ Xylophilus’ constrictus Fall from Arizona and California also has the complete suture present and groups together with Scraptogetus as a monophyletic group in a preliminary molecular phylogenetic analysis (Grzymala 2016).</p><p>Type material examined. Pseudananca ruficollis: Holotype, male (BMNH), labeled: “T 4534 / B7.M [written on cardstock] // Type [circle label] // Pseudananca / ruficollis, Blackb. [handwritten] // Blackburn / coll. / 1910–236. // PSEUDANANCA ruficollis [blue label]”.</p><p>Key to species of Scrapogetus</p><p>1. Pronotum integument coloration lighter than that of head and elytra; Australia .............. S. ruficollis (Blackburn, 1893)</p><p>- Pronotum integument similarly colored to head and elytra; New Zealand ......................................... 2</p><p>2. Elytra with long, erect setae between every 5–7 punctures, confined to lateral and apical regions; males with modified setae on metafemur as in Fig. 5A, females with modified setae on metafemur as in Fig. 5B; New Zealand, North and South Island; Fig. 2A............................................................................ S . anthracinus Broun, 1893</p><p>- Elytra with short, decumbent setae between every 5–7 punctures, confined to lateral and apical regions; males with modified setae on metafemur as in Fig. 5C, females with modified setae on metafemur as in Fig. 5D; New Zealand, North and South Island; Fig. 2B................................................................... S . arboreus (Broun, 1914)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFD4FFED6F854D0374B3FBFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFD2FFF16F854FFF73C9FAC5.text	03A48794FFD2FFF16F854FFF73C9FAC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scraptogetus anthracinus Broun 1893	<div><p>Scraptogetus anthracinus Broun, 1893</p><p>Figs 2A, 3 A–3G, 4A–4E, 5A, 5B, 10A, 26A</p><p>Scraptogetus anthracinus Broun, 1893: 1358; Hudson, 1923: 385; Hudson, 1934: 204; Winterbourn, 1987: 101.</p><p>Metasclera nigricans Broun 1914: 198; Hudson, 1923: 386; Hudson, 1934: 204; Arnett, 1950: 222. Syn. n.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other Scraptogetus species by the sparse, long, erect interstitial elytral pubescence present along the lateral apices, the darkly colored pronotum, and the distinctive shape of the metafemoral setal patches. This species most closely resembles Scraptogetus arboreus and is easily separated by the erect and sparse interstitial setae, the smaller overall body size, and the differently shaped metafemoral setal patches for both males and females (Figs 5 A–5D).</p><p>Description. Length 2.31–2.36 mm. Color of head, clypeus, antennal scape, antennomeres 3–11, pronotum, elytra, venter, coxae, tibiae, and tarsi brunneous to piceous; scape, labrum, mouthparts and trochanters testaceous to light brown. Dorsal integument shining; vestiture uniseriate, one decumbent, thin, very long seta arising anterad of each primary puncture, length about equal to 4× puncture length, without additional setae except along elytral apices, with one very long, erect seta between every 5–7 primary punctures, length 5–6× primary puncture length. Head, HW 0.50–0.51 mm, HL 0.21–0.27 mm.Apical maxillary palpomere greatly expanded, width increasing about 7× from base to apex. Antennae reaching past basal ½ of elytra when extended backward; scape rounded, 1.5× length of pedicel; pedicel subglobular, about 1/3× length of antennomere 3 and 2/3× width; antennomere 3 slightly expanded apically; antennomeres 3–7 subequal in width and length to one another; antennomere 8 reduced in length, about 2/3 length of antennomere 7; antennomeres 8–10 subqual in length and width; antenomere 11 slightly longer than 10, subequal to apical width of antennomere 10; scape and pedicel with few scattered setae; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, with additional subapical ring of erect, longer setae on each antennomere. Pronotum subquadrate, PW 0.44 mm, PL 0.43–0.44 mm, width 0.92–1.0× length; pronotal width 0.53–0.60× elytral width, pronotal width 0.82–0.98× head width; sides sinuate; disc with very deep anterior transverse sulcus and very deep subbasal transverse sulcus. Elytra, EL 1.88–2.25 mm, 2.30–2.56× longer than wide and 4.27–4.73× longer than pronotal length. EW 0.75–0.90 mm. Midleg with femur and tibia straight from base to apex; femur with shallow, circular primary punctation; several rows of thickened, modified setae on postero-ventral face, modified setae barely extending past integument, equally distributed across almost entire length of femur (Fig. 5A). Abdomen with large, shallow, circular primary punctation on ventrites 1–5. Phallobase with accessory lobes present, of average length, originating just basad of apicale posterior apex; posterior apex of apicale lined with short setae (Fig. 10A).</p><p>Females. Length 2.43–2.74 mm, HW 0.50–0.56 mm, HL 0.25 mm, PW 0.45–0.53 mm, PL 0.43–0.49 mm, EW 0.82–0.88 mm, EL 2.00– 2.25 mm.Antennal scape rounded, slightly longer than wide; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 about 2× length of pedicel; antennomere 3 slightly expanded apically; antennomeres 3–4 subequal in width and length; antennomere 5 slightly shorter than 4; antennomeres 5–10 subequal in length and width; antennomere 11 subequal in width, slightly longer than antennomere 10. Metafemur with shallow, large, circular primary punctation with several rows of thickened, modified setae on postero-ventral face, modified setae barely extending past integument, equally distributed across almost entire length of femur (Fig. 5B).</p><p>Remarks. Scraptogetus anthracinus is Broun species 2379, which was based on two specimens from Moeraki (Otago) (Broun, 1893). A lectotype (NZAC) and one paralectotype (BMNH) were identified and labeled by C. Watt. Scraptogetus nigricans (originally described in Metasclera) is Broun species 3579, which was based on nearly a dozen specimens from around Methven (Broun, 1914). A lectotype (Ardagh with label by Blair) and four paralectotypes (1 Ardagh, 3 McLennans) were identified and labeled by C. Watt (BMNH). An additional specimen from Mt Hut 15.3.1912 was not considered syntypical (BMNH). Six additional specimens located in the NZAC, which were all collected from Ardagh, were previously identified and labeled by C. Watt as paralectotypes.</p><p>Natural History. This is a relatively abundant and widespread species. Specimens have been collected in and along the edge of forests and in openlands on grasses and tussocks and by beating, sweeping, and in flight-intercept and Malaise traps.</p><p>Distribution. North Island: Northland (ND), Auckland (AK), Coromandel (CL), Waikato (WO), Bay of Plenty (BP), Taranaki (TK), Taupo (TO), Hawkes Bay (HB), Wellington (WN). South Island: Marlborough Sounds (SD), Nelson (NN), Kaikoura (KA), Buller (BR), Westland (WD), Mid Canterbury (MC), Mackenzie (MK), South Canterbury (SC), Central Otago (CO), Dunedin (DN), Southland (SL).</p><p>Type material examined. Scraptogetus anthracinus: Lectotype, male (NZAC): “ Otago // 2379. // Scraptogetus / anthracinus [handwritten] // T.Broun / Collection // A.E. Brookes / Collection // N.Z. Arthropod / Collection, NZAC / Entomology Div / DSIR, Auckland / NEW ZEALAND // LECTOTYPE [male symbol] / Scraptogetus / anthracinus Broun / det. J.C. Watt, 1985 [handwritten]” . Paralectotype, female (BMNH): “2379 // Otago // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // Scraptogetus / anthracinus [handwritten] // PARALECT. [male symbol] / Scraptogetus / anthracinus Brn [handwritten] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”. Metasclera nigricans: Lectotype, male (BMNH): “ New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // Syntype // 3574 // Ardah / 14.2.1912 // Metasclera / nigricans // = Scraptogetus / anthracinus Br. / det. K.G. Blair. // Lectotype [male symbol] / Metasclera / nigricans Brn. / det. J.C. Watt / 1985” . Paralectotypes (NZAC): 1, “Ardagh / 14.2.12 // Metasclera / nigricans // T. Broun / Collection // A.E. Brookes / Collection // N.Z. Arthropod / Collection, NZAC / Entomology Div. / DSIR, Auckland / NEW ZEALAND // PARALECTOTYPE / Metasclera [male symbol] / nigricans Br. / (=anthracinus) / det. J.C. Watt, 1985”; 1, “ Metasclera / nigricans // Ardagh / 14-2-1912 // T. Broun / Collection // A.E. Brookes / Collection // N.Z. Arthropod / Collection, NZAC / Entomology Div. / DSIR, Auckland / NEW ZEALAND // PARALECTOTYPE / Metasclera / nigricans Br. / (=anthracinus) / det. J.C. Watt, 1985”; 1, “ Metasclera / nigricans // Ardagh / 14-2-1912 // T. Broun / Collection // A.E. Brookes / Collection // N.Z. Arthropod / Collection, NZAC / Entomology Div. / DSIR, Auckland / NEW ZEALAND // PARALECTOTYPE / Metasclera [male symbol]/ nigricans Br. / (=anthracinus) / det. J.C. Watt, 1985”; 3 specimens glued to cardstock, “ Metasclera / nigricans // Ardagh / 14-2-1912 // T. Broun / Collection // A.E. Brookes / Collection // N.Z. Arthropod / Collection, NZAC / Entomology Div. / DSIR, Auckland / NEW ZEALAND // PARALECT. [male symbol], 2 [female symbol] / Metasclera / nigricans Brn. / (=anthracinus) / det. J.C. Watt / 1985 // PARALECTOTYPE / Metasclera [male symbol] 2 [female symbol] [female symbol] / nigricans Broun / (=anthracinus) / det. J.C. Watt, 1985” .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFD2FFF16F854FFF73C9FAC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFCEFFF36F854EAD750EFC3D.text	03A48794FFCEFFF36F854EAD750EFC3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scraptogetus arboreus (Broun 1914)	<div><p>Scraptogetus arboreus (Broun, 1914)</p><p>Figs 2B, 5C, 5D, 26B</p><p>Metasclera arboreus Broun 1914: 198: Hudson, 1923: 386; Hudson, 1934: 204.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from other Scraptogetus species by the larger body size, the decumbent and sparse interstitial setae present along the lateral apices of the elytra, the darkly colored pronotum, and the distinctive shape of the metafemoral setal patches. This species most closely resembles S. anthracinus and is easily separated by the larger overall body size as well as the differently shaped metafemoral setal patches for both males and females (Figs 5 A–5D).</p><p>Description. Length 2.87–3.08 mm. Color of head, mouthparts, antennae, pronotum, elytra, legs, and venter dark brown to piceous. Dorsal integument shining, vestiture uniseriate, one decumbent, thin, long seta arising anterad of each primary puncture, length about equal to 3× puncture length, without additional setae except along elytral apices, with one long, decumbent seta between every 5–7 primary punctures, length 3× primary puncture length. Head, HW 0.61–0.65 mm, HL 0.25 mm. Apical maxillary palpomere expanded, width increasing about 4× from base to apex. Antennae reaching past basal ¾ of elytra when extended backward; scape subglobular, 1.3× length of pedicel; pedicel subglobular, about ¼× length of antennomere 3; antennomere 3 slightly expanded apically; antennomeres 3–6 subequal in width and length to one another; antennomere 7 subequal in width and slightly longer than antennomere 6; antennomeres 7–10 subequal in length and width; antennomere 11 subequal in width and slightly shorter than antennomere 10; scape and pedicel with few scattered setae; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, without additional subapical ring of erect setae on each antennomere. Pronotum, PW 0.58–0.59 mm, PL 0.49–0.50 mm, subquadrate, width slightly greater than length, width 1.16–1.18× length; pronotal width 0.60–0.62× elytral width, pronotal width 0.91–0.92× head width; sides sinuate; disc with moderately deep anterior transverse sulcus and moderately deep subbasal transverse sulcus. Elytra, EW 0.94–0.98, EL 2.40–2.58 mm, 2.55–2.63× longer than wide and 4.80–5.16 pronotal length. Midleg with femur and tibia sinuate and twisted from base to apex; femur with deep, circular primary punctation; several rows of thickened, modified setae on postero-ventral face, modified setae extending past integument, confined to basal 4/5 of femoral length (Fig. 5C). Abdomen with small, deep, circular primary punctation on ventrites 1–5. Phallobase with accessory lobes present, elongate, originating just anterad of phallobase and apicale delimitation; posterior apex of apicale lined with long setae.</p><p>Females. Length 3.06–3.18 mm, HW 0.63–0.69 mm, HL 0.25–0.29 mm, PW 0.60–0.64 mm, PL 0.50–0.56 mm, EW 1.04–1.06 mm, EL 2.50–2.68 mm. Antennal scape rounded, slightly longer than wide; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 about 3× length of pedicel; antennomere 4 slightly shorter than and subequal in width to antennomere 3; antennomeres 4–6 subequal in width and length; antennomere 7 subequal in width and slightly longer than antennomere 6; antennomeres 7–10 subequal in width and length; antennomere 11 subequal in width and slightly longer than antennomere 10. Midleg with femur and tibia straight; femur with deep, small, circular primary punctation; several rows of thickened, modified setae on postero-ventral face, modified setae extending past integument, of different lengths, tapering to form rounded apex, confined to middle third of femoral length (Fig. 5D).</p><p>Remarks. This is Broun species 3580, which was based on five “more or less mutilated” specimens from Waimarino and Erua (Broun, 1914); but, the specimens we examined were in good condition. A lectotype (Waimarino) and two paralectotypes (Erua, and one from Waimarino that was not labeled as a paralectotype by C. Watt) were identified and labeled by C. Watt (BMNH). An additional specimen from Pakuratahi 2.1. 1915 in the BMNH was not considered syntypical. A specimen from Erua, which was also not previously labeled by C. Watt, housed at the NZAC is also included as a paralectotype. Additional specimens of S. arboreus from the Broun collection at NZAC were not considered syntypical.</p><p>Natural History. This is a relatively widespread and uncommon species. Specimens have been collected in and along the edge of forests by beating, sweeping, and by Malaise traps.</p><p>Distribution. North Island: Northland (ND), Auckland (AK), Coromandel (CL), Taranaki (TK), Taupo (TO), Rangitikei (RI), and Wellington (WN). South Island: Buller (BR), Westland (WD), Dunedin (DN), Southland (SL), and Stewart Island (SI).</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype, male (BMNH): “Syntype // 3580 // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // Waimarino / Jany. 1909 // Metasclera / arborea // Lectotype [male symbol] / Metasclera / arborea Broun / ( Scraptogetus) / det. J.C. Watt / 1985” . Paralectotype s: 1 (BMNH), “Syntype // 3580 // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // Erua / Jany. 1910. // Metasclera / arborea // Paralect [female symbol] / Metasclera / arborea Brn / ( Scraptogetus) / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”; 1 (BMNH), “3580 // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. //Waimarino / Jany.1909 // Metasclera / arborea Broun / C.M.F. von Hayek / 1972 / Scraptogetus / sp. 1 [male symbol] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”; 1 (NZAC): “3580 // Erua / Jan. 1910 // Metasclera / arborea // T. Broun / Collection // A.E. Brookes / Collection // N.Z. Arthropod / Collection, NZAC / Entomology Div. / DSIR, Auckland / NEW ZEALAND // Scraptogetus / sp. 1 [male symbol] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985” .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFCEFFF36F854EAD750EFC3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFCCFFF26F8548B57242FC75.text	03A48794FFCCFFF26F8548B57242FC75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Transrenus Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Transrenus gen. n.</p><p>Type species: Transrenus thulater sp. n., here designated.</p><p>Etymology. The name is in reference to two of the diagnostic characteristics of this genus—the transverse pronotum and the reniform eye shape. The name is formed by combining the Latin transversus (crosswise) and the Latin renis (kidney).</p><p>Diagnosis. The genus Transrenus is distinguished by the broadly transverse pronotum, the unmodified metafemora of both males and females, the base of antennomere 3 subequal in width to the apex of the antennal pedicel, the reniform or kidney-shaped eye, the pubescence of the upper surfaces with long, thin, decumbent primary setae, with 1–2 long, thin secondary setae between each puncture pair, and the male genitalia with the posteriorly truncate phallobase and the basally fused anterior struts. The only other currently described aderid genera with a transverse pronotum are the New World genera Notoxeuglenes Pic from the West Indies and Cnopus Champion (widespread from North to South America), except the relative size of pedicel and antennomere 3. Transrenus is easily separated from Notoxeuglenes based on the overall dark coloration, the lack of any modification to the integument of setae of the metafemora, and the absence of head modifications of males. Members of the genus Cnopus can be easily separated from Transrenus by their minute overall body size (1.1–1.4mm) and the deeper basal pronotal fovea.</p><p>Description. Average size for family, length 1.35–1.43 mm. Body about 2× longer than wide. Head abruptly constricted posteriorly, forming a neck, concealed within pronotum. Eyes reniform, moderately protuberant, coarsely faceted, with slight anterior emargination, with short interfacetal setae. Antennal insertions anterad of eyes and eye emargination. Frontoclypeal suture present. Mandible bidentate. Pronotum (Fig. 6A) transverse, width greater than length; pronotal width greater than head width, pronotal width less than elytral width, sides slightly rounded, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles rounded; basal margin subequal to apical margin; with two slightly impressed subbasal fovea medially. Prosternal process short, extremely narrowed posteriorly, apex acute. Mesonotum with deep central anterior notch; suture between mesonotum and scutellar shield distinct, straight; scutellar shield (Fig. 6C) subquadrate, length approximately equal to width, posterior margin sinuate, lateral apices broadly rounded. Elytral punctures elliptical; subscutellar depression absent; posterior margin rounded, without protrusions. Mesoventrite without procoxal rests. Mesanepisternum with deep, elongate punctation. Mesepimeron with deep punctation. Mesanepisternal-mesepimeral suture faintly indicated by absence of punctures. Mesoventral process (Fig. 6G) broad, about 0.66× width of mesocoxa, posterior margin notched, truncate medially. Metaventrite (Fig. 6E) with distinct punctures, approximately evenly spaced across entirety of surface; discrimen indistinct, without invagination. Metanepisternum with deep punctures. Metendosternite with moderately long lateral arms; anterior process absent; laminae absent. Proleg with femur (Fig. 6D) simple, width subequal basally, medially, and apically; tibia gradually expanded in width apically, without apical spine. Midleg with coxa (Fig. 7A) having deep punctures confined to posterior margin and a suture anterad of punctures; femur (Fig. 7C, 7D) simple, without modified setae, excavation, ctenidium, or sclerotized rides on posterio-ventral apices, gradually expanded in width medially, medial width approximately 2× width basally and apically; tibial apex not expanded; tarsomere 1 elongate (Fig. 7B), length approximately 9× width; tarsomere 2 length subequal to width, expanded ventrally; tarsomere 3 reduced in both length and width; tarsomere 4 length approximately 3.5× width. Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 connate (Fig. 7G), suture not indicated, without appressed, thick field of pubescence, combined length of 1 st and 2 nd ventrites 3× length of ventrite 3; abdominal process broadly rounded; length of 3 rd and 4 th ventrites subequal; deep punctures, subequally spaced apart from one another on ventrites 1–3, smaller, shallower punctures present on ventrites 3–5; ventrite 4 without an elevated plate; ventrite 5 without medial impression. Phallobase posteriorly truncate; apicale with accessory lobes present, each with four setae, all setae subequal; penis with anterior struts present, fused and expanded basally.</p><p>Females. Ventrite 5 without medial setiferous sex patch. Apex of last abdominal ventrite and tergite without serration.</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand.</p><p>Remarks. The phylogenetic relationship of Transrenus to other aderid genera is currently unknown. The size and shape of the antennomeres, the elongate and connate ventrites 1 and 2, and the metafemora without any integument or setal modification indicate a possible relation to the genus Phytobaenus Sahlberg, widespread throughout Europe and Asia. Though there are numerous morphological differences between these two genera, specifically the reniform eye shape of Transrenus is unique amongst aderid taxa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFCCFFF26F8548B57242FC75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFCDFFF76F854F7D7339FE35.text	03A48794FFCDFFF76F854F7D7339FE35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Transrenus thulater Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Transrenus thulater sp. n.</p><p>Figs 2C, 6 A–6G, 7A–7G, 10B, 26C</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the overall dark coloration of this species and its geographic restriction to the northern region of the North Island of New Zealand. The name is formed from the Latin Thule (farthest north), a far-northern island location in classical European literature, and the Latin ater (black).</p><p>Description. Length 1.35–1.43 mm. Dorsal surface piceous to brunneous; vestiture biseriate, clothed with fine, decumbent pubescence arising anterad of each puncture, about 3.5× length of puncture, with 1–2 additional thin, slightly shorter, decumbent setae between each puncture pair. Ventral vestiture similar type of biseriate pubescence to dorsum. Head, HW 0.35–0.39 mm, HL 0.15–0.17 mm. Antenna (Fig. 6B) with scape slightly longer than broad; pedicel globular; antennomere 3 longer than pedicel, with base subequal in width to apex of pedicel, slightly longer than antennomere 4; antennomeres 4 and 6 subequal in length and width; antennomere 7 subequal in width and slightly greater in length than antennomere 6; antennomeres 8–10 slightly wider and shorter than anntenomere 7; antennomere 11 elongate. Pronotum, PW 0.38–0.42 mm, PL 0.30–0.32 mm. Elytral length 1.6–1.8× elytral width and 3.5–3.7× pronotal length. Protarsomeres 1–3 subequal in width, each ventrally with spatulate, adhesive setae, concentrated on protarsomere 3; 1 st protarsomere 2.5× longer than protarsomere 2; 2 nd protarsomere 1.5× longer than protarsomere 3; protarsomere 4 reduced; 5 th protarsomere 2.5× longer than wide.</p><p>Remarks. This species corresponds to ‘ Xylophilus species 4” in the Lynfield survey of Kushel (1990), known from 1 specimen collected during this previous study.</p><p>Natural History. This is a relatively uncommon North Island species. Eight of the specimens were collected by Malaise traps, the others were from dead wood.</p><p>Distribution. North Island: Auckland (AK), Coromandel (CL), Bay of Plenty (BP), Gisborne (GB), Taranaki (TK), and Hawkes Bay (HB).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Male (AMNZ), labeled: “ NEW ZEALAND AK / Waitakere Ra / Karekare / 10 APR 2000 / Wasp Survey // Malaise trap 5 / Duration ca. 1 week // AMNZ 50727 / AUCKLAND / MUSUEM / NEW ZEALAND ” . Paratypes (11). North Island . AK: Auckland, Grafton Gully, 26/12/1999, leaf litter in bush at seepage, S.E. Thorpe (1, AMNZ) ; Glen Eden, Waikumete Cemetary, 15/01/2007, on log, S.E. Thorpe, (1, AMNZ) ; Lynfield, Tropicana Drive, 02/01/1977, G. Kuschel (1, NZAC) ; Waitakere Ra, Karekare, 14/02/2000, malaise trap, wasp survey (1, AMNZ) ; same, but 27/03/2000 (1, AMNZ); same, but 3/04/2000, Malaise trap, (1, AMNZ) . CL: Great Barrier Is, Little Windy Hill, 220m, 13/12/2002 – 17/01/2007, forest edge Malaise trap, P. Sutton (1, AMNZ) . BP: Lake Rotoiti, Otaramarae, 29/12/1977, ex. dead logs in secondary growth, J.S. Dugdale (1, NZAC) . GB: Waimata Valley, 14/12/1994 – 21/12/1994, malaise trap (2), clover-sweet vernal mature pasture, J.S. Dugdale (1, NZAC) . TK: Mount Messenger, 15/12/1983, L. Masner (1, CMNC) . HB: Waitere, 600m, 12/01/1984, 31069, malaise trap, J.G. Charles (1, NZAC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFCDFFF76F854F7D7339FE35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFC8FFF66F854ABC734BFCE1.text	03A48794FFC8FFF66F854ABC734BFCE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudozena Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Pseudozena gen. n.</p><p>Type species: Pseudozena denticulata sp. n., here designated.</p><p>Etymology. The genus is named with reference to the deceptively similar overall dorsal habitus to the other more speciose New Zealand genus, Zenascus . The name is formed from the Greek pseudo (misrepresent, practice trickery) combined with zena as a reference to Zenascus .</p><p>Diagnosis. This genus is distinguished by the subglobular scape and pedicel, the anntennomere 3 subequal in length and width to antennomere 4, the biseriate elytra, and the metafemur featuring a characteristic ctenidium accompanied by a row of sclerotized ridges present on the postero-ventral margin of both males and females (Figs 9D &amp; 9F). The genus is superficially very similar to the genus Zenascus, but can be distinguished by the subequal size and shape of antennomeres 3 &amp; 4, the distinct modifications to the metafemora, and the interstitial setae of the elytra subequal in length and width to the primary setae.</p><p>Description. Average size for family, length 1.60–1.67 mm. Head abruptly constricted posteriorly, forming a neck, concealed within pronotum. Eyes moderately protuberant, coarsely faceted, with moderate anterior emargination, with short interfacetal setae. Antennal insertions anterad of eyes and eye emargination, produced on slight ridge. Frontoclypeal suture present. Mandible bidentate. Pronotum (Fig. 8A) subquadrate, width subequal to slightly greater than length; pronotal width 0.5× elytral width; sides sinuate, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles rounded; disc with two strongly impressed basal fovea, and a distinct transverse sulcus just anterad of center; surface with deep, elongate punctures, unevenly spaced from one another, separated by an average of two punctural lengths; punctures confused on central disc. Prosternal process short, extremely narrowed posteriorly, apex acute. Mesonotum with slight central anterior notch; suture between mesonotum and scutellar shield distinct, centrally emarginate; scutellar shield (Fig. 8D) subquadrate, length approximately equal to width, posterior margin straight, lateral apices broadly rounded. Elytron (Figs 8E, 8F) with moderately, obliquely impressed subscutellar depression; surface with elongate, elliptical punctures, separated by an average of three punctural lengths, pubescence biseriate, primary setae decumbent, thin, length about equal to two punctural lengths; secondary setae subdecumbent, subequal in width and length to primary, 2–3 present between each approximate pair of deep, elongate punctures; posterior margin rounded, without protrusions. Mesoventrite without procoxal rests. Mesanepitsternum with deep, punctation. Mesepimeron with deep punctation. Mesanepisternal-mesepimeral suture faintly indicated by absence of punctures. Mesoventral process (Fig. 8G) moderately broad, about 0.5× width of mesocoxa, posterior margin inserted below metaventral process. Metaventrite (Fig. 9A) with deep punctures, approximately evenly spaced across surface except medially and at margins anterad of metacoxae; discrimen indistinct, without invagination. Metendosternite with moderately long lateral arms; anterior process absent; laminae absent. Proleg with femur (Fig. 8C) simple, width subequal basally, medially, and apically; tibia gradually expanded in width apically, without apical spine; tarsomeres 1–3 subequal in width, each ventrally with spatulate, adhesive setae, equally concentrated on each; 1 st protarsomere 2.5× longer than protarsomere 2; 2 nd protarsomere 1.5× longer than protarsomere 3; protarsomere 3 expanded ventrally; protarsomere 4 reduced; 5 th protarsomere 2.5× longer than wide. Midleg with femur (Fig. 9C) simple, width subequal basally, medially, and apically; tibia straight from base to apex, gradually expanded apically; tarsomeres 1–3 subequal in width, each ventrally with spatulate, adhesive setae, concentrated on mesotarsomere 3; 1 st mesotarsomere 2.5× longer than mesotarsomere 2; 2 nd mesotarsomere 1.5× longer than mesotarsomere 3; mesotarsomere 3 expanded ventrally; mesotarsomere 4 reduced; 5 th mesotarsomere 2.5× longer than wide. Hindleg with coxa (Fig. 9B) having deep punctures confined to posterior margin, with suture anterad of punctures; femur (Figs 9C, 9F) with distinct line of thickened setae on basal half of ventro-posterior margin, with row of eight sclerotized ridges, confined to basal half, of varying thickness and height, gradually expanded in width medially, medial width approximately 1.8× width basally and apically; tibia (Fig. 9E) gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face without triangular expansion; tarsomere 1 elongate, length approximately 8× width; metatarsomere 2 length subequal to width, expanded ventrally, with spatulate, adhesive setae ventrally; metatarsomere 3 reduced; metatarsomere 4 length approximately 3.5× width. Abdomen with ventrites 1 and 2 connate (Fig. 8G), suture not indicated, without appressed thick field of pubescence, length of ventrites 1 and 2 combined 2.5× length of ventrite 3; abdominal process rounded; length of ventrites 3 and 4 subequal; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and medial area of ventrite I, present medially on ventrites 2–4, absent laterally; small, shallow micropunctures present on ventrite 5; ventrite 5 without medial impression. Phallobase (Fig. 9C) broadly rounded anteriorly; phallobase and apicale clearly separated, not fused; apicale posteriorly narrowly acute, accessory lobes present with four setae, one long and two short setae at apex, one long seta ventrally below apex; penis with anterior struts barely extending past phallobase.</p><p>Females. Ventrite 5 without medial setiferous sex patch. Apex of last abdominal ventrite and tergite without serration.</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand.</p><p>Remarks. The phylogenetic relationship of Pseudozena to other aderid genera is currently unknown. The size and shape of the pronotum and male genitalia characteristics indicate a possible close relationship with the newly described Zenascus . The specific type of biseriate elytral pubescence and particular modifications to the metafemora are unique characteristics amongst currently described aderid taxa and a phylogenetic analysis is required to determine the relationships of this genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFC8FFF66F854ABC734BFCE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFC9FFFB6F8548C8740BFE35.text	03A48794FFC9FFFB6F8548C8740BFE35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudozena denticulata Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Pseudozena denticulata sp. n.</p><p>Figs 2D, 8 A–8G, 9A–9G, 10C, 26C</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is in reference to the morphological character of the sclerotized ridges present on the metafemora. The name is formed from the Latin denticulatus (with small teeth).</p><p>Description. Length 1.60–1.67 mm. Body about 2.3× longer than wide. Dorsal surface piceous to brunneous with contrasting testaceous antennae, mouthparts, and legs. Dorsal vestiture biseriate, clothed with thin, decumbent pubescence arising anterad of each puncture, about 2× length of puncture, with 2–3 additional thin, slightly shorter, suberect setae between each puncture pair. Ventral vestiture with same type of biseriate pubescence as dorsum. Head, HW 0.44–0.45 mm, HL 0.18–0.21 mm; surface with numerous deep, elongate punctures, unevenly spaced on vertex, separated by an average of the length of two punctures, present from basal margin to antennal insertions, absent from integument between antennal insertions. Antennae (Fig. 8B) with scape rounded, slightly longer than pedicel; pedicel subglobular, apex wider than base of antennomere 3; antennomeres 3–10 subserrate; antennomere 3 longer than pedicel, subequal in length and width to antennomere 4; antennomeres 4–7 subequal in length; antennomere 8 shorter than 7, antennomere 9 slightly shorter than 8, antennomeres 9 and 10 subequal; antennomere 11 2× longer than 10; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, without additional pilosity. Pronotum, PW 0.36–0.38 mm, PL 0.32–0.33 mm. Elytral length 1.8–1.9× elytral width and 4.0–4.2× pronotal length.</p><p>Females. Length 1.67–1.69 mm, HW 0.42–0.45 mm, HL 0.17–0.21 mm, PW 0.36–0.38 mm, PL 0.32–0.33 mm, EW 0.74–0.78 mm, EL 1.35–1.36 mm. Antennae with scape rounded, slightly longer than pedicel; pedicel subglobular, apex wider than base of antennomere 3; antennomeres 3–5 subequal in length and width; antennomere 6 subequal in width and slightly shorter than antennomere 5; antennomere 7 subequal in width and slightly shorter than antennomere 6; antennomere 8 subequal in width and slightly shorter than antennomere 9; antennomeres 8–10 subequal in length and width; antennomere 11 subequal in width and about 2× length of antennomere 10.</p><p>Natural History. This is a relatively uncommon South Island species. Specimens have been collected in forests, mostly Nothofagus, and by sweeping, with one specimen collected at lights.</p><p>Distribution. South Island: Nelson (NN), Buller (BR), North Canterbury (NC), Dunedin (DN), Southland (SL), and Stewart Island (SI).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Male (LUNZ), labeled: “ NEW ZEALAND, SL / Catlins SF / Hunter Hills / 2.viii.1982 / C.A. Muir &amp; R.E. Emberson ” . Paratypes (12).</p><p>South Island . NN: Abel Tasman NP, Harwood Trk, 720m, 02/03/1981, sweeping moss, ferns, on forest floor (1, LUNZ). BR: Nelson Lakes N.P ., Lake Rotoiti, 19/12/1983, L. Masner (2, CMNC); same, but Nothofagus &amp; Griselinia forest , (2, CMNC); Mt Misery, Ecology Div. Station, 550m, 24/01/1977, to light, J.S. Dugdale (1, NZAC). NC: Arthurs Pass NP, Klondyke Cnr, 700m, 21/01/1981, sweeping Nothofagus seedlings on forest floor, J.W. Early (1, LUNZ). DN: Cloud Forest of Leith, 01/01/2003, 45 (2, NZAC). SL: Owaka, 13–20/01/1978, Malaise trap, Nothofagus, S. Peck &amp; J. Peck (1, NZAC); Owaka, Table Hill Res., 13–20/01/1978, Malaise trap, S. Peck &amp; J. Peck (1, CMNC). SI: Christmas Village, 6–7.ii.1991, J.W. Early, swept in podocarp hardwood forest (1, LUNZ).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFC9FFFB6F8548C8740BFE35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFC4FFFD6F854C5474B3F9F0.text	03A48794FFC4FFFD6F854C5474B3F9F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zenascus Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Zenascus gen. n.</p><p>Type species: Zenascus obscurus (Broun, 1893), here designated.</p><p>Etymology. This genus is named with reference to New Zealand where the first species observed to comprise this lineage were examined, disarticulated, and described.</p><p>Diagnosis. This genus is distinguished from other New Zealand genera by the specific primary punctation pattern of the metaventrite (Fig. 13F) consisting of relatively deep slit-like punctures, the shallow integument excavation along the length of the femur with modified setae overlying this excavation (reduced in some taxa), and the expansion of the metatibial apex with the accompanying tuft of thickened setae in a triangular shape (Fig. 13E). Zenascus can also be distinguished from other genera by the shape of the pronotum (Fig. 13C), though is superficially very similar to Pseudozena but can be distinguished by antennomere 3 much shorter and smaller in comparison to antennomere 4 and the distinct modifications to the metafemora. Another distinguishing characteristic of this is genus is the males tend to have their more terminal antennomeres modified and form what we refer to in the key as a club.</p><p>Description. Small to average size for family, length 1.36–2.11 mm. Body about 1.8–2.5× longer than wide. Dorsal surface piceus to testaceous, testaceous antennae, mouthparts, and legs; vestiture uniseriate or biseriate, clothed with thin, decumbent pubescence arising anterad of each puncture, between 1–4× length of puncture, without additional pubescence or with 4–5 additional thin, slightly shorter, decumbent setae between each puncture pair. Ventral vestiture biseriate. Head abruptly constricted posteriorly, forming a neck concealed within pronotum. Eyes moderately protuberant, coarsely faceted, with moderate anterior emargination, with short interfacetal setae. Frontoclypeal suture present. Antennal insertions anterad of eyes and eye emargination, produced on slight ridge. Antennae with scape slightly longer than wide, dorso-ventrally flattened and expanded in some species; pedicel subglobular, apex wider than base of antennomere 3; antennomere 3 shorter and thinner than pedicel (except Z. antennalis); antennomere 4 longer or subequal to antennomere 5; antennomeres 5 and 6 subequal in length and width; antennomeres 7–9 subequal in width and decreasing slightly in length or highly modified; antennomere 10 subquadrate, length subequal to width; antennomere 11 elongate, 2× longer than antennomere 10; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, with or without additional pilosity covering antennomeres 7–9. Mandible bidentate. Apical maxillary palpomere greatly expanded from base to apex. Apical labial palpomere expanded. Pronotum subquadrate, length subequal or slightly greater than width, sides slightly rounded to sinuate, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles rounded; basal margin wider than apical margin; disc with two distinct, deep, circular punctures present antero-laterally to basal margin. Prosternal process short, extremely narrowed posteriorly, apex acute. Mesonotum with slight anterior notch; suture between mesonotum and scutellar shield distinct, straight; scutellar shield broad, posteriorly truncate with edges acute and a row of deep punctures confined to basal margin. Elytral length 1.4–2.1× elytral width and 3.3–4.2× pronotal length; with slight to moderate obliquely impressed subscutellar depression. Elytron with elongate elliptical punctures; apices rounded, without protrusions. Mesoventrite without procoxal rests. Mesanepisternum with deep, elongate punctation. Mesepimeron without distinctive deep, punctation. Mesanepisternal-mesepimeral suture faintly indicated. Mesoventral process complex, moderately broad about 0.5x width of mesocoxa posterior margin inserted below metaventral process. Metaventrite with deep punctures, approximately evenly spaced across surface except medially and at margins anterad of metacoxae; discrimen distinct, long, without invagination. Metendosternite with long lateral arms; anterior process absent; laminae absent. Proleg with femur simple, width subequal basally, medially and apically; tibia curved strongly inward at base, width slightly expanded from base to apex, tibial spurs absent, with numerous thickened setae on ventro-lateral surface, confined to apical half; tarsi with tarsomeres 1–3 subequal in width; tarsomeres 1 and 2 with slight ventral expansion; tarsomere 3 with ventral expansion 3× greater in length than dorsal edge; tarsomere 4 reduced in length and width; tarsomere 5 elongate. Midleg with coxal ventro-lateral face having four thickened setae; femur width slightly expanded from base to apex; tibia width slightly expanded from base to apex, length 11–13× width just distad of base; tarsomeres 1–3 subequal in width; tarsomere 3 expanded ventrally, ventral surface with tactile setae; length of 1 st mesotarsomere 5–6× greater than mesotarsomere 2; tarsomere 1 with ventral row of suberect thickened setae. Hind leg with coxa lackingt deep, elongate punctures along apical margin; tibia gradually expanding in width from base to apex, apex broader than base of tarsomere 1; tarsomeres 1 and 2 subequal in width; tarsomere 1 longer than 2; tarsomere 3 reduced in length and width; tarsomere 4 elongate. Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 connate, suture only indicated by absence of deep, elongate punctures followed by distinctive row of punctures; abdominal process moderately acute; length and width of ventrites 3 and 4 subequal; deep punctures, sparse and irregularly spaced on ventrites 1–3, smaller, shallower punctures present on ventrites 4 and 5; ventrite 4 without an elevated plate; ventrite 5 with or without an excavation. Phallobase posteriorly rounded; apicale with or without accessory lobes; penis with anterior struts present, length variable.</p><p>Females. Ventrite 5 without setose pit. Apex of last abdominal ventrite and tergite without serration.</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand, Australia, New Caledonia, and Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Remarks. Zenascus is presently restricted to Australasia and is recovered as a monophyletic group in a preliminary molecular phylogeny (Grzymala 2016). Zenascus does not key well in the classification of Werner (1990) because the accessory lobes on the apicale are present or absent dependent on the species and the metafemoral setal brushes are lacking in both sexes, though males and females of all species have a characteristic excavation of the integument with overlying thickened setae (Figs 20 A–20J). We have observed specimens from Papua New Guinea with the elytral pubescence arranged into a color pattern as has been observed for other aderid genera such as Ganascus Casey from North America and Mixaderus Collado &amp; Alonso-Zarazaga from Africa (T. Grzymala, per. obs.). Extreme modifications of the male antennomeres (Figs 14 H–J, 15A–15C) have only been observed for some of the New Zealand species we place in Z enascus.</p><p>Key to Species of Zenascus</p><p>1. Elytra with uniseriate vestiture, without additional setae between pairs of single seta arising anterior of each puncture; integument black.......................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Elytra with biseriate vestiture, with additional setae between pairs of primary setae arising anterior to each puncture; integument dark brown or testaceous........................................................................... 4</p><p>2. Antennomeres 8–11 brunneous or piceus; males with antennomeres 7–9 modified (Fig. 14F); North Island; Fig. 12A..................................................................................... Z . antennalis (Broun, 1893)</p><p>- Antennomeres 8–11 testaceous; males with antennomeres 7–9 unmodified (Figs 14D &amp; 14E)......................... 3</p><p>3. Metatibiae gradually expanded from base to apex (Figs 17A &amp; 17B); scape testaceous (occasionally with base brunneous or piceous); males without medial impression on apical abdominal sternite; North Island and Three Kings Island; Fig. 11D..................................................................................... Z . nitidus (Broun, 1893)</p><p>- Metatibiae abruptly expanded from midlength to apex (Figs 17C &amp; 17D); scape brunneous or piceous; males with medial impression on apical abdominal sternite; North Island; Fig. 11E....................................... Z . elenae, sp. n.</p><p>4. Elytra distinctly bicolored (Figs 11A,C).................................................................. 10</p><p>- Elytra generally unicolorus or infuscate, but lacking distinct maculae............................................ 5</p><p>5. Antennal club of male present and highly modified (Figs 14 G–J); antennomeres 9 and 10 of female weakly to strongly transverse (Figs 14 G–J).................................................................................... 6</p><p>- Antenna of male not highly modified and filiform (Fig 14B); antennomeres 9 and 10 not weakly to strongly transverse (Fig 14B); North Island and South Island; Fig. 11B.......................................... Z . obscurus (Broun, 1893)</p><p>6. Pronotal punctation coarse (Figs 12B,C)................................................................... 7</p><p>- Pronotal punctation absent to fine, and not coarse (Figs 12D,E)................................................ 8</p><p>7. Male with antennomeres 7 and 8 modified with lateral extensions (Figs 14H, 15A); pronotum often with weak basal impressions with raised areas glabrous; color usually pale, golden to testaceous, rarely darker; North Island and northern region of the South Island; Fig. 12C..................................................................... Z . roberti, sp. n.</p><p>- Male with antennomeres 7 and 8 less modified, lacking lateral extensions (Figs 12B, 14G); pronotum often with deeply impressed basal fovea with raised areas punctate; color dark and brunneous; North Island....... Z. xenarthrus (Broun, 1910)</p><p>8. Occiput of head in male without a distinct ridge (Fig. 12D); male antennomere 7 narrowed in cross-section (Figs 14I, 15B); North Island; Fig. 12D........................................................... Z . luniger (Champion, 1916)</p><p>- Occiput of head in male with a distinct ridge (Fig. 12E); male antennomere 7 broad (Figs 14J, 15C); Three Kings Islands; Fig. 12E.................................................................................. Z . incensum, sp. n.</p><p>10. Elytral integument overall testaceous with medial brown patches; males without impression at metafemoral apex; Three Kings Islands, Fig. 11C......................................................................... Z . aurum, sp. n.</p><p>- Elytral integument overall brunneous with only humeral angles testaceous; males with impression present on ventral surface of metafemoral apex (Fig. 20A); North Island and South Island, Fig. 11A....................... Z . coloratus (Broun, 1893)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFC4FFFD6F854C5474B3F9F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFC2FFFC6F854DF97467F8B9.text	03A48794FFC2FFFC6F854DF97467F8B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zenascus antennalis (Broun 1893) Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Zenascus antennalis (Broun, 1893), comb. n.</p><p>Figs 12A, 14F, 19A, 20F, 22A, 23F, 24B, 26D</p><p>Xylophilus antennalis Broun, 1893: 1163–1164; Pic, 1894: 428; Pic, 1910: 5; Hudson, 1934: 204; Maddison, 2010: 428. Hylophilus antennalis; Pic, 1902: 6; Pic, 1905: 216, 230; Pic, 1910: 5.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the shining, black integument without secondary pubescence on the elytra, brunneous femora and tibiae, the black antennal scape, antennomeres 8–11 darkened in coloration, and the modified antennae of males (Fig. 14F). Zenascus antennalis is most similar to Z. nitidus and Z. elenae, which all have the shining black integument. Zenascus antennalis can be separated by the brunneus femora, tibiae, and the dark coloration of antennomeres 8–11 present in both males and females. Both Z. nitidus and Z. elenae conversely have the femora, tibiae, and antennomeres 8–11 testaceous.</p><p>Description. Length 1.60–1.82 mm. Head, antennal scape, antennomeres 8–11, femora, tibiae, pronotum, and elytra piceous to brunneous; antennal pedicel, antennomeres 3–7, mouthparts, and tarsi testaceous. Dorsal integument shining, vestiture uniseriate, one decumbent, thin, long seta arising anterad of each primary puncture, length about 3× puncture length, without additional setae between each pair of punctures. Ventral vestiture biseriate. Head, HW 0.45–0.48 mm, HL 0.17–0.18 mm, with numerous deep punctures, approximately evenly spaced, covering frons and vertex, absent from base to just anterad of head constriction; impression between antennal ridge and vertex absent. Antennae with distance between antennal insertions wide, approximately equal to the diameter of five antennal insertions; alength reaching past basal ¼ of elytra when extended backward; scape longer than broad, approximately 2× length of pedicel; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 longer than pedicel and longer than antennomere 4; antennomeres 4–8 subequal in length; antennomere 7 with apico-anterior projection, apex of projection rounded; antennomere 8 with additional, larger apico-anterior projection, apex of projection pointed forward; antennomere 9 with small, truncate apico-anterior projection; antennomeres 9 and 10 subequal in length; antennomere 11 elongate, greater in length than any preceding antennal segment; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense suberect pubescence. Pronotum, PW 0.38–0.42 mm, PL 0.32–0.35 mm, subquadrate, width subequal to slightly greater than length, width 1.19–1.20× length; pronotal width 0.48–0.51× elytral width, pronotal width 0.84–0.88× head width; sides slightly sinuate; disc with two faint basal fovea, with slight transverse suture just anterad of center; disc with deep elongate punctures, approximately evenly spaced from one another, separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Elytra 1.69–1.71× longer than wide and 4.00–4.20× longer than pronotal length, EW 0.75–0.87 mm, EL 1.28–1.47 mm; subscutellar oblique depression slightly impressed; disc with elongate punctures, separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Proleg with tarsomere 1 approximately 2–3× longer than tarsomere 2, without a ventral short, stout spine; ventral surface of tarsomere 3 with adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia straight from base to apex. Hindleg with numerous distinct, deep punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinct lines of thickened setae on posterior face, apico-ventral impression absent; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangular and densely pubescent. Abdomen with lateral and medial lengths of ventrite 2 subequal; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and basal margin of ventrite 1 and present centrally on ventrites 2–4; ventrite 5 with few deep punctures scattered basally and lacking medial impression. Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly and without clear delimitation between phallobase and apicale, fused medially and laterally; apicale posteriorly narrowly acute, accessory lobes present, short and thickened, width about ½× length, and curved inward towards apex, with four short setae, two on inner lateral surface, one on outer lateral surface, one at apex; penis with anterior struts elongate, extending slightly past phallobase.</p><p>Females. Distance between antennal insertions wide, approximately equal to diameter of three antennal insertions; scape slightly longer than wide; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 thinner and subequal in length to pedicel; antennomere 4 subequal in width and slightly longer than antennomere 3; antennomere 5 subequal in width and slightly shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 6 slightly wider than antennomere 5; antennomere 7 slightly wid-er than 6, inner apex slightly produced; antennomeres 8–10 subsequently expanding in width, subequal in length, forming a distinctive club; antennomere 11 subequal in width and 3× length of antennomere 10.</p><p>Remarks. This is Broun species 2063, which was based on a single specimen from Paparoa, near Howick (Broun 1893). The holotype was confirmed in the BMNH.</p><p>Natural history. This is a relatively rare and localized North Island species known from seven specimens. This species has been collected on foliage and using Malaise traps. It has also been collected by beating Melicytus ramiflorus and Corynocarpus laevigatus J.R. &amp; G. Forst.</p><p>Distribution. North Island: Auckland (AK), Coromandel (CL).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, female (BMNH): “2063 // Paparoa // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482 // HOLOTYPE [male symbol] / “ Xylophilus ” / antennalis / Broun / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFC2FFFC6F854DF97467F8B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFC3FFC36F854C31752CFD14.text	03A48794FFC3FFC36F854C31752CFD14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zenascus aurum Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Zenascus aurum sp. n.</p><p>Figs 11C, 14C, 18C, 20C, 21C, 23C, 24A, 27A</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is in reference to the gift of gold brought by one of the three kings during the Epiphany because of the geographic restriction of this species to the Three Kings Islands. This is additionally a reference to the distinctive golden pubescence of this species, which serves to separate it from the similar Z. obscurus . The name is formed from the Latin aurum (gold).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the biseriate pubescence, the short and narrow antennomere 3, and the elytra testaceous except for a thick oblique brunneous stripe occupying ¼ of the elytral disc. Zenascus aurum is most similar in general habitus appearance to Zenascus obscurus . Zenascus aurum is distinguished by the testaceous elytral disc with a small brunneous area, whereas Z. obscurus is characterized by an entirely brunneous elytral disc. Additionally, Zenascus aurum has also only been collected from Three Kings Island while Z. obscurus has been collected from the North and South Islands of New Zealand.</p><p>Description. Length 1.84 mm. Head, antennal scape, antennomeres 4–11, pronotum, elytra, legs, and venter brunneous to fuscous. Dorsal integument matte, vestiture biseriate, one decumbent, thin, long seta arising anterad of each puncture, length about 3.5× puncture length, with 4–5 decumbent, thin, shorter setae between each pair of punctures, length about 2/3× primary seta. Ventral vestiture biseriate, similar to dorsum. Head, HW 0.53 mm, HL 0.23 mm, lacking impression between antennal ridge and vertex absent and deep, elongate punctures present on vertex absent, only micropunctures present. Antennae with distance between insertions wide, approximately equal to diameter of three antennal insertions; length reaching past basal 2/3 of elytra when extended backward; scape rounded, slightly longer than wide, subequal in width basally and apically; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 subequal in length to pedicel, slightly reduced in width, width slightly expanding apically; antennomere 4 longer than 3 and slightly greater in width; antennomeres 4–8 subequal in length and width, each slightly expanded apically; antennomeres 4–9 subserrate, serration produced anteriorly; antennomeres 9 and 10 decreasing in length, subequal in width; antennomere 11 elongate; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, without additional pilosity. Pronotum, PW 0.39 mm, PL 0.38 mm, subquadrate, width subequal to slightly greater than length, width 1.03× length; pronotal width 0.56× elytral width, pronotal width 0.74× head width; sides slightly sinuate; disc with two slightly impressed basal fovea, with transverse sulcus just anterad of center; deep elongate punctures present, approximately evenly spaced, separated by an average of one punctural width and absent from midline posteriorly to center. Elytra 2.12× longer than wide and 3.84× longer than pronotal length, EW 0.69 mm, EL 1.46 mm; disc with moderately impressed oblique subscutellar depression; elongate punctures present, separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Proleg with tarsomeres 1 and 2 subequal in length, tarsomere 1 with ventral short, stout spine; ventral surface of tarsomeres 2 and 3 with adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia gently curved inward from base to apex. Hindleg without distinct, deep punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinctly thickened setae on postero-ventral face, overlying slight excavation along entire length of femur, apico-ventral impression absent; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangular and densely pubescent. Abdomen with lateral and medial lengths of ventrite 2 subequal; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and across entirety of ventrites 1 and 2 except for distinct line indicating sutural separation; deep punctures confined medially on ventrites 3 and 4; ventrite 5 with only small, shallow micropunctures present, without medial impression. Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly, delimited from apicale laterally and medially with distinct sclerotization; apicale posteriorly narrowly acute, accessory lobes present, with four setae, one thin, elongate seta and two thin, short setae at apex, one thin, short seta basad to these; penis with anterior struts elongate, but not extending past phallobase.</p><p>Females. Length 1.78–2.11 mm, HW 0.53–0.56 mm, HL 0.20–0.24 mm, PW 0.38–0.47 mm, PL 0.35–0.41 mm, EW 0.66–0.98 mm, EL 1.43–1.67 mm. Antenna with scape rounded, slightly longer than wide, subequal in width basally and apically; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 subequal in length to pedicel, slightly reduced in width; antennomere 4 wider and longer than antennomere 3; antennomeres 4–6 subequal in length and width; antennomere 7 subequal in width and slightly shorter than antennomere 6; antennomeres 7–10 subequal in length and width; antennomere 11 slightly wider and longer than antennomere 10.</p><p>Natural history. This species is known only from the Three Kings Islands and has been collected primarily from beating plants, specifically Phormium tenax J. R. Forst &amp; G. Forst, but has also been found under the bark of Metrosideros excelsa Sol. ex Gaertn. and by sifting litter.</p><p>Distribution. Offshore island: Three Kings Island (TH).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, Female (NZAC): “Castaway / Camp // Three Kings Is / Great I. Nov. 70 / NZ. Ent.Div.Exp. // G. Kuschel // ex. Phormium / tenax litter” . Paratypes (8): Offshore island . TH: Great I, 30/11/1983, beating plants, C.F. Butcher (3, NZAC) ; Great I, Castaway Camp, 11/1970, ex. Phormium tenax, G. Kuschel (1, NZAC) ; same, but no host data (2, NZAC); Southeast Bay, 12/02/1983, under bark of Metrosideros excelsa (1, NZAC) ; South West Island, 11/1970, litter, G. Ramsay (1, NZAC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFC3FFC36F854C31752CFD14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFFCFFC26F85499D7545FA7D.text	03A48794FFFCFFC26F85499D7545FA7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zenascus coloratus (Broun 1893) Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Zenascus coloratus (Broun, 1893), comb. n.</p><p>Figs 11A, 14A, 18A, 20A, 21A, 23A, 27B</p><p>Xylophilus coloratus Broun, 1893: 1164; Pic, 1894: 428; Pic, 1910: 7; Champion, 1916: 46; Hudson, 1934: 204; Maddison, 2010: 428.</p><p>Hylophilus coloratus; Pic, 1902: 7; Pic, 1905: 216, 231; Pic, 1910: 7.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the biseriate pubescence, brunneous to fuscous elytra with testaceous humeri, the darkened metaemora contrasted with the testaceous femora of the prolegs and midlegs, the short and thin third antennomere, and the unmodified male antennae. Zenascus coloratus is most similar to Zenascus obscurus in general habitus and can be distinguished by the testaceous elytral humeri and the metafemur with a ventral, apical impression of males (Fig. 19A).</p><p>Description. Length 1.60–1.81 mm. Head, antennal scape, antennomere 11, pronotum, elytra posterior to humeri, and metafemora piceous, brunneous, or light brown; mouthparts, antennal pedicel, antennomeres 3–10, elytral humeri, prolegs, midlegs, metatibiae, and metatarsi testaceous; antennomeres 8–11 variably darker than remaining antennomeres. Dorsal integument matte, vestiture biseriate, one decumbent, thin, long seta arising anterad of each primary puncture, length about equal to 3× puncture length, with additional 2–3 decumbent, thin, shorter setae between each pair of punctures. Ventral vestiture similarly biseriate. Head, HW 0.42–0.50 mm, HL 0.20–0.21 mm, with few, shallow, elongate punctures, widely spaced in center, absent from basal and lateral edges on vertex; impression between antennal ridge and vertex absent. Antennae with distance between antennal insertions wide, approximately equal to diameter of three antennal insertions; length reaching past basal 1/3 of elytra when extended backward; scape rounded, slightly longer than wide, subequal in width basally and apically; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 subequal in length to pedicel, slightly reduced in width, width slightly expanded apically; antennomere 4 longer than 3 and slightly greater in width; antennomeres 4–8 subequal in length and width, each slightly expanded apically; antennomeres 4–10 subserrate, serration produced anteriorly; antennomeres 9 and 10 decreasing in length, subequal in width; antennomere 11 elongate; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence. Pronotum, PW 0.32–0.38 mm, PL 0.32–0.38 mm, subquadrate, width subequal to slightly greater than length, width 1.00–1.03× length; pronotal width 0.45–0.52× elytral width, pronotal width 0.68–0.79× head width; sides slightly sinuate; disc with two moderately impressed basal fovea, with transverse sulcus just anterad of center; punctation shallow,approximately evenly spaced, separated by an average of one punctural length. Elytra 1.86–2.09× longer than wide and 3.76–4.16× longer than pronotal length, EW 0.69–0.77 mm, EL 1.28–1.44 mm; strongly impressed oblique subscutellar depression present; punctation elongate with punctures separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Proleg with tarsomere 1 shorter in length than tarsomere 2 and with ventral short, stout spine; ventral surface of tarsomeres 2 and 3 with adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia straight from base to apex. Hindleg without distinct, deep punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinctly thickened setae on postero-ventral face, overlying slight excavation extending entire length of femur, apico-ventral impression present (Fig. 20A); tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangular and densely pubescent. Abdomen with lateral and medial lengths of ventrite 2 subequal; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and across entirety of ventrites 1 and 2 except for distinct line indicating sutural separation; deep punctures confined medially to ventrite 3; shallow micropunctures present on ventrites 4 and 5; ventrite 5 without medial impression.</p><p>Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly, delimited from apicale laterally and medially with distinct sclerotization; apicale posteriorly narrowly acute, accessory lobes present, with four setae, one thickened, elongate seta at apex, three thinner, shorter setae beginning at apex and distributed along apical 1/3 of interior face of accessory lobe, evenly spaced from one another; penis with anterior struts elongate, but not extending past phallobase.</p><p>Females. Length 1.71–2.03 mm, HW 0.47–0.53 mm, HL 0.20–0.24 mm, PW 0.35–0.39 mm, PL 0.34–0.38 mm, EW 0.78–0.86 mm, EL 1.37–1.65 mm. Antennae with scape and antennomeres 9–11 with darkened integument compared to pedicel and antennomeres 3– 8. Proleg with tarsomere 1 equal in length to tarsomere 2 and without a ventral short, stout spine; metafemur without apico-ventral impression.</p><p>Remarks. This is Broun species 2064, which was based on several specimens: one collected in Otago by Chalmer, two collected from Mokohinou by Sandager, and others that Broun said were from “other localities in my own collection”(Broun 1893). In order to stabilize this name, a lectotype (NZAC) and four paralectotypes (BMNH, NZAC) are here designated from the material of Xylophilus coloratus located in the NZAC and BMNH. Two additional non-syntypical specimens (Titirangi 6.11.1916; Swanson 14.12.16) were also examined in the BMNH. This species was listed as ‘ Xylophilus ’ species 3 in Kuschel (1990).</p><p>Natural history. This is a relatively widespread and common species distributed in the North and South Islands and including Chathams Islands. Specimens have been collected by beating broadleaf vegetation and coastal vegetation both during the day and at night, specifically from Metrosideros excelsa Sol. ex Gaertn., Phormium tenax and dead Pseudopanax sp. Individuals have also been passively collected through Malaise traps and light traps as well as by sifting litter. Specimens have also been collected by sweeping Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich) Joy Thomps. and by using branch traps of Coprosma arborea Kirk, Pittosproum eugenoides A. Cunn., and Macropiper sp.</p><p>Distribution. North Island: Northland (ND), Auckland (AK), Waikato (WO), Bay of Plenty (BP), Taranaki (TK), Wanganui (WI), and Wellington (WN). South Island: Nelson (NN), Marlborough Sounds (SD), Marlborough (MB), Buller (BR), Kaikoura (KA). Mid Canterbury (MC), Dunedin (DN), and Southland (SL). Offshore Island: Chatham Islands (CH).</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype, female (NZAC): “Mokohinou // 2064 // T. Broun Collection // N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Entomology Div. DSIR, Auckland NEW ZEALAND [gold label] // LECTOTYPE, [female symbol] “ Xylophilus ” coloratus Broun det. J.C. Watt, 1985 [fluorescent orange label]” . Paralectotypes: 2 (NZAC), “2064 // Howick // T. Broun Collection // A.E. Brooks Collection // N.Z. Arthropod Collection, NZAC Entomology Div, DSIR, Auckland NEW ZEALAND [gold label] // PARALECTOTYPE “ Xylophilus ” coloratus Broun det. J.C. Watt, 1985 [bright blue label]”; 1 (BMNH), “2064 // Howick // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // Xylophilus / coloratus [handwritten] // PARALECTOTYPE / “ Xylophilus ” / coloratus [handwritten] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”; 1 (BMNH), “2064 // Paparoa // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // PARALECTOTYPE / “ Xylophilus ” / coloratus [handwritten] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFFCFFC26F85499D7545FA7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFFDFFC56F854D7574BCF861.text	03A48794FFFDFFC56F854D7574BCF861.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zenascus elenae Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Zenascus elenae sp. n.</p><p>Figs 11E, 14E, 17C, 17D, 18E, 20E, 21E, 23E, 27C</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of Elena Hilario, an ardent supporter of Coleopterists both near and far. Both authors greatly appreciate her encouragement and support. The first author specifically recognizes the pleasure of Hilario’s company during an extended visitation to New Zealand during which major progress on this project was accomplished.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from congeners by the shining, black integument without secondary pubescence on the pronotum or elytra, the darkened scape and remaining antennomeres testaceous, the shape of the metatibiae, and the unmodified antennae of males. Zenascus elenae is very similar to Zenascus nitidus in general habitus shape, coloration, and pubescence patterns, but the two species can be readily separated from one another by the different shape and apical pubescence patterns of the metatibiae (Figs 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D). Additionally, Z. elenae generally has the scape darkened in comparison to the remaining antennomeres whereas Z. nitidus has a similarly colored scape in comparison to the remaining antennomeres (though specimens of Z. nitidus from Three Kings Island are exceptions). Zenascus elenae is also similar to Z. antennalis and can be separated by the absence of male antennomere modification and by the testaceous apical antennomeres of females.</p><p>Description. Length 1.46–1.76 mm. Head, clypeus, antennal scape, pronotum, and elytra piceous; mouthparts, coxae, trochanters, femora, and tibia brunneous; tarsi, pedicel, and antennomeres 2–11 light brown to testaceous. Dorsal integument shining, vestiture uniseriate, one decumbent, thin, short seta arising anterad of each primary puncture, length about equal to puncture length, without additional setae between each pair of punctures. Ventral vestiture biseriate. Head, HW 0.42–0.50 mm, HL 0.17–0.20 mm, punctation consisting of numerous deep, elongate punctures, evenly spaced in center, clustered at basal and lateral edges on vertex, absent from base to just anterad of head constriction; impression between antennal ridge and vertex absent. Antennae with distance between antennal insertions wide, approximately equal to diameter of five antennal insertions; length reaching past basal ¼ of elytra when extended backward; scape rounded, 1.3× length of pedicel; pedicel subglobular, subequal in length to antennomere 3 and ¾× width; antennomere 3 slightly expanded apically, width at apex subequal to width of anten-nomeres 4–8; antennomeres 4–8 subequal in length, each 2× length of antennomere 3; antennomeres 9 and 10 subequal in length and width, each 1.3x wider than antennomere 8; antennomere 11 1.3× wider than antennomere 10; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, without additional pilosity. Pronotum, PW 0.35–0.44 mm, PL 0.33–0.41 mm, subquadrate, slightly wider than long, width 1.06–1.19× length; pronotal width 0.47–0.58× elytral width, pronotal width 0.83–0.88× head width; sides slightly rounded; disc without basal fovea, without transverse sulcus just anterad of center; discal punctures deep and elongate, approximately evenly spaced, separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Elytra 1.48–1.88× longer than wide and 3.29–3.75× longer than pronotal length, EW 0.60–0.81mm, EL 1.13–1.35 mm; slightly impressed oblique subscutellar depression present; punctation elongate, separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Proleg with tarsomeres 1 and 2 subequal in length, tarsomere 1 with ventral short, stout spine; tarsomere 3 with ventral adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia straight from base to apex. Hindleg with few deep, elongate punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinctly thickened setae on postero-ventral face, overlying slight excavation restricted to 1/6 th length of femur, apico-ventral impression absent; tibia gradually expanded apically from base to midlength, greatly expanded from midlength to apex, apex inner margin clothed with cluster of setae, total length of setal cluster shorter than tarsomere 1 (Fig. 17C). Abdomen with lateral and medial lengths of ventrite 2 subequal; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and basal margin of ventrite 1, present on ventrites 2–4, and several scattered at the base of ventrite 5; ventrite 5 with disc composed of a majority of small, shallow micropunctures, distinct medial impression present. Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly, delimited from apicale laterally and medially, without distinct sclerotization; apicale posteriorly narrowly acute; accessory lobes present, each with four setae, one long seta at apex, two short setae basad of apex, and one long seta basad to pair of short setae; penis with anterior struts elongate, but not extending past phallobase.</p><p>Females. Length 1.61 mm, HW 0.49 mm, HL 0.21 mm, PW 0.44 mm, PL 0.35 mm, EW 0.90 mm, EL 1.26 mm. Antennal scape rounded, slightly longer than wide; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 subequal in length to pedicel, ¾ width of pedicel; antennomere 4 subequal to 3 in width, slightly longer in length and width; antennomere 5–8 subequal in length, antennomere 9 slightly reduced in length, slightly greater in width, subequal to antennomere 10; antennomere 11 longer than 10, rounded. Protarsomere 1 without a ventral short, stout spine. Metatibia gradually expanded apically from midlength, greatly expanded from midlength to apex, apex inner margin clothed with thickened, elongate cluster of setae, total length of setal cluster as long as tarsomere 1 (Fig. 17D). Abdominal ventrite 5 without medial impression.</p><p>Natural history. This is a relatively uncommon species known from only a few specimens from the North Island. This species has been primarily collected using Malaise traps and one specimen has been found by sifting litter.</p><p>Distribution. North Island: Northland (ND), Auckland (AK), and Bay of Plenty (BP).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Male (NZAC), labeled: “ NEW ZEALAND GB/ / BP / Karakatuwhero V / Waipiata / 29 Oct 1992 / J.S. Dugdale // Litter / 92/80 // ADERI- / DAE / ( Euglenidae) / Det. A. Larochelle 1993 // ‘Xylophilus’ nitidus / Broun 1893 [male symbol] / det. S.E. Thorpe, 2002” . Paratypes (5). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=173.32&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.11" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 173.32/lat -35.11)">North Island.</a> ND: Kaitaia, 29/12/1962, E.S. Gourlay, 35.11S, 173.32E (1, NZAC) . AK: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.51892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.887733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.51892/lat -36.887733)">Waitakere Range</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.51892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.887733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.51892/lat -36.887733)">Cascade Park</a>, 23/03/2000,, Malaise trap, wasp survey, 36 53.264S, 174 31.135E (1, AMNZ) ; Waitakere Range, Karekare, 27/03/2000 Malaise trap, wasp survey, 36 59’11S, 174 28’46 (1, AMNZ) ; same but 14/02/2000 (1, AMNZ); same but 03/04/2000 (1, AMNZ) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFFDFFC56F854D7574BCF861	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFFBFFC76F854BF17543FD81.text	03A48794FFFBFFC76F854BF17543FD81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zenascus incensum Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Zenascus incensum sp. n.</p><p>Figs 12E, 14J, 15C, 19E, 20J, 22E, 23J, 24F, 27A</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is in reference to frankincense, one of the gifts brought by the three kings on the Epiphany, which refers to the Three Kings Islands (Manawatâwhi) where this species appears to be biogeographically restricted. The name is formed from the Latin incensum (incense).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the biseriate pubescence of the pronotum and elytra, the highly modified antennomeres 7–9 of males, and the slightly impressed basal pronotal fovea. Zenascus incensum is most easily confused with Zenascus luniger, but males are distinguished between these two species based on the presence of a distinct vertexal ridge in Z. incensum and the modified shape of antennomeres 7–9 (Figs 15B &amp; 15C). Females are more difficult to separate, but currently Z. incensum has only been collected from Three Kings Island whereas Z. luniger has only been collected from the North Island of New Zealand. This biogeographic separation differentiates females of these two species.</p><p>Description. Length 1.58–1.84 mm. Head, scape, pedicel, antennomeres 7–11, and pronotum piceus to rufotestaceous; antennomeres 3–6, mouthparts, and elytra brunneous to golden. Dorsal integument matte, vestiture biseriate, one decumbent, thin, short seta arising anterad of each primary puncture, length about 3× puncture length, with 3–4 additional decumbent, thin, shorter setae between each pair of punctures, length about 2/3× primary seta. Ventral vestiture similarly biseriate. Head, HW 0.47–0.50 mm, HL 0.15–0.18 mm, punctation consisting of a few, deep punctures, unevenly spaced on vertex, lacking from base to posterior edge of eyes, strongly impressed and concave between antennal ridge and vertex, occiput of head in male with distinct transverse ridge. Antennae with distance between antennal insertions small, approximately equal to diameter of two antennal insertions; length reaching past basal ½ of elytra when extended backward; scape broad and flattened, approximately 3× length of pedicel; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 shorter than pedicel and shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 4 approximately 3× length of antennomere 3, longer than antennomere 5; antennomeres 5 and 6 subequal in length and width, slightly broader than antennomere 4; antennomere 7 greatly modified, flattened, broad, and branched just anterad of apex, with apex of outer branch terminating in broad triangle, with apex of inner branch connecting to remaining antennomeres, with apex acute, extending ¼ past antennomere 8; antennomere 8 longer than wide, with strong outwards curvature; antennomere 9 with modified outer apex, projecting anteriorly, apex rounded, with dense pilosity extending behind; antennomere 10 subquadrate, slightly expanded apically; antennomere 11 longer than 10; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, antennomeres 7–9 with additional pilosity; pedicel and antennomeres 3–11 with apical ring of elongate setae, antennomere 11 with additional medial ring of setae. Pronotum, PW 0.38–0.41 mm, PL 0.38–0.41 mm, subquadrate, width subequal to slightly greater than length, width 1.0–1.1× length; pronotal width 0.53–0.59× elytral width, pronotal width 0.81–0.87× head width; sides slightly rounded, posterior angles rounded; disc with two slightly impressed basal fovea, with slight transverse sulcus just anterad of center; punctaion consisting of deep, small elongate punctures, unevenly spaced, more sparse basally and laterally. Elytra 1.67–1.87× longer than wide and 3.15–3.22× longer than pronotal length, EW 0.69–0.72 mm, EL 1.20–1.32 mm; slightly impressed, oblique subscutellar depression present; punctation consisting of elongate punctures, separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Proleg with tarsomere 1 approximately 2–3× longer than tarsomere 2, without a ventral short, stout spine; tarsomere 3 with ventral adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia gently curved inward from base to apex. Hindleg with numerous deep, elongate punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinctly thickened setae on posterior face, overlying slight medial excavation along length of femur, apico-ventral impression absent; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangular and apex densely pubescent; tarsomere 1 elongate, length 10× width; tarsomere 2 expanded ventrally. Abdomen with lateral length of ventrite 2 longer than its medial length; deep punctures confined to abdominal process, basal margin of ventrite 1, basal margin and medially on ventrite 2, and a few scattered on ventrite 3; small shallow micropunctures present on ventrites 4 and 5; ventrite 5 without medial impression. Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly, laterally delimited from apicale; apicale posteriorly narrowed; accessory lobes present, with four setae, one long and two short located at apex, one long located basal to apex on inner face; penis with anterior struts elongate, extending slightly past phallobase.</p><p>Females. Length 1.84 mm, HW 0.48 mm, HL 0.18 mm, PW 0.45 mm, PL 0.41 mm, EW 0.78 mm, EL 1.43 mm. Head very slightly impressed, concave between antennal ridge and vertex. Antennae with scape laterally flattened, slightly longer than wide, pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 slightly reduced in width compared to pedicel, slightly expanded apically; antennomere 4 slightly longer than 3; antennomeres 4–6 subequal in length and width; antennomeres 8–10 subsequently decreasing slightly in length and increasing slightly in width; antennomere 11 elongate; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence.</p><p>Natural history. This Three Kings Islands endemic has primarily been collected by beating and sweeping vegetation, specifically from grasses and sedges. It has additionally been collected by sweeping kânuka.</p><p>Distribution. Offshore island: Three Kings Island (TH).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Male (NZAC), labeled: “ THREE KINGS IS NZ / Great I / 27 Nov 1983 / C.F. Butcher //ex. Grasses and / sedges // ‘Xylophilus’ luniger / Champion 1916 [male symbol] / det. S.E. Thorpe, 2002” . Paratypes (17). Offshore island . TH: Great Is, 27/11/1983, sweeping vegetation mainly Leptopermum ericoides, C.F. Butcher (3, NZAC) ; same, but, ex grasses and sedges (3, NZAC); Great Is, 11/1970, beating, J.C. Watt (1, NZAC) ; same, but without collecting method (1, NZAC); Great Is, Castaway Camp, 11/1970, G. Kushel (5, NZAC) ; same, but G. Ramsay, (4, NZAC); Great Is, North East I, 1/12/1983, J.C. Watt .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFFBFFC76F854BF17543FD81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFF8FFC66F8549E97070F8F1.text	03A48794FFF8FFC66F8549E97070F8F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zenascus luniger (Champion) Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Zenascus luniger (Champion), comb. n.</p><p>Figs 12D, 14I, 15B, 19D, 20I, 22D, 23I, 24E, 27D</p><p>Xylophilus luniger Champion, 1916: 47–48, pl. 2, Figs 25, 25a; Maddison, 2010: 428.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the biseriate pubescence of the pronotum and elytra, the slightly impressed basal pronotal fovea, and the highly modified antennomeres 7–9 of males. Zenascus luniger is most easily confused with Z. incensum, but males can be distinguished from one another based on the specific modifications to antennomeres 7–9 (Figs 15B &amp; 15C) and the presence of a transverse ridge on the head of Z. incensum . Currently, morphological differences between females of these two species have not been observed but can be identified based on biogeographic distribution. Specimens of Z. luniger have only been collected from the North Island of New Zealand, whereas specimens of Z. incensum have only been collected from the Three Kings Islands.</p><p>Description. Length 1.51–1.82 mm. Head, scape, and antennomeres 7–11 piceus to rufo-testaceous; pronotum piceus to rufo-testaceous; antennal pedicel, antennomere 3–6, and elytra, brunneus to golden. Dorsal integument matte, vestiture biseriate, one decumbent, thin, short seta arising anerad of each puncture, length about equal to 3× puncture length, with 2–3 additional short, decumbent setae between each pair of punctures, length about 2/3× primary seta. Ventral vestiture similar to dorsum, biseriate. Head, HW 0.47–0.51 mm, HL 0.21–0.23 mm, punctation consisting of a few deep punctures, unevenly spaced on vertex, lacking from base to posterior edge of eyes; strongly impressed and concave between antennal ridge and vertex. Antennae with distance between antennal insertions narrow, approximately equal to diameter of 2.5 antennal insertions; length reaching past basal ½ of elytra when extended backward; scape broad and flattened, approximately 3× length of pedicel; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 shorter than pedicel, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 4 approximately 3× length of antennomere 3, longer than antennomere 5; antennomere 5 and 6 subequal in length and width, slightly broader than antennomere 4; antennomere 7 greatly modified, flattened, broad, and branched just anterad of apex, with apex of outer branch rounded, with apex of inner branch connecting to remaining antennomeres, with apex rounded; antennomere 8 laterally expanded with basal appendage projecting back towards antennomere 7, projection apex rounded; antennomere 9 with modified outer apex, projecting anteriorly, apex rounded, with dense pilosity extending behind; antennomere 10 subquadrate; antennomere 11 longer than 10; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, antennomeres 7–9 with additional pilosity; pedicel and antennomeres 3–11 with apical ring of elongate setae, antennomere 11 with additional medial ring of setae. Pronotum, PW 0.36–0.39 mm, PL 0.32–0.36 mm, subquadrate, width slightly greater than length, width 1.09–1.13× length; pronotal width 0.55–0.70× elytral width, pronotal width 0.72–0.77× head width; sides slightly rounded, posterior angles rounded; disc with two slightly impressed basal fovea, a slight transverse sulcus just anterad of center; punctation consisting of deep, small elongate punctures, unevenly spaced, more sparse basally and laterally. Elytra 1.89–2.33× longer than wide and 3.72–3.82× longer than pronotal length, EW 0.51–0.69 mm, EL 1.19–1.31 mm; slightly impressed, oblique subscutellar depression present; punctation consisting of elongate punctures, separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Proleg with tarsomere 1 approximately 2–3× longer than tarsomere 2, without a ventral short, stout spine; tarsomere 3 with ventral adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia gently curved inward from base to apex. Hindleg with numerous deep, elongate punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinctly thickened setae on postero-ventral face, overlying slight excavation along entire length of femur, apico-ventral impression absent; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangular and apex densely pubescent; tarsomere 1 elongate, length 10× width; tarsomere 2 expanded ventrally. Abdomen with lateral length of ventrite 2 greater than length at midline; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and basal margin of ventrite 1, basal margin and medially on ventrite 2, and a few scattered on ventrite 3; small, shallow micropunctures present on ventrites 4 and 5; ventrite 5 without medial impression. Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly, lateriall delimited from apicale, without distinct sclerotization; apicale posteriorly narrowed; accessory lobes present, with four setae, one long and two short located at apex, one long located basal to apex on inner face; penis with anterior struts elongate, extending slightly past phallobase.</p><p>Females. Length 1.72–1.82 mm, HW 0.45–0.48 mm, HL 0.18–0.22 mm, PW 0.41–0.42 mm, PL 0.35–0.39 mm, EW 0.81–0.83 mm, EL 1.37–1.43 mm. Head very slightly impressed and concave between antennal ridge and vertex. Antennae with scape laterally flattened, slightly longer than wide; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 slightly reduced in width compared to pedicel, slightly expanded apically; antennomere 4 slightly longer than 3; antennomeres 4–6 subequal in length and width; antennomeres 8–10 subsequently decreasing slightly in length and increasing slightly in width; antennomere 11 elongate; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence.</p><p>Remarks. This species was not included in Hudson (1934). It was located as a pair by Champion (1916) in D. Sharp’s collection presumably sent by Broun, labeled with a manuscript name in the corylophid genus Sacium LeConte from Moko Hinou Island. In order to stabilize this name, a lectotype and one paralectotype are here designated from the material of Xylophilus luniger located in the BMNH.</p><p>Natural history. This is a relatively uncommon species distributed in the North Island. This species has been collected by beating vegetation, specifically Metrosideros excelsa Sol. ex Gaertn. and Phormium tenax .</p><p>Distribution. North Island: Northland (ND), Auckland (AK), Coromandel (CL), and Bay of Plenty (BP).</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype, male (BMNH): “[male symbol] // Moko Hinou / isld [handwritten] // Sharp Coll. / 1905-313. // 12 // Type / H.T. [red circle label] // Xylophilus / luniger, Ch, / [male symbol] [Champion handwriting] // Sacium ochraceum [handwritten] // Sp. figured. // LECTOTYPE [male symbol] / “ Xylophilus ” / luniger / Champion / det. J.C. Watt / 1985” . Paralectotype, female (BMNH): “[female symbol] // Sharp Coll. / 1905- 313. // Type / H.T. [red circle label] // Moko Hinou / Island [Champion handwriting] // Xylophilus / luniger Ch. / [female symbol] [Champion handwriting] // PARALECT. [female symbol] / “ Xylophilus ” / luniger / Champ / det. J.C. Watt / 1985” .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFF8FFC66F8549E97070F8F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFF7FFCA6F854D7D73A5FF69.text	03A48794FFF7FFCA6F854D7D73A5FF69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zenascus nitidus (Broun 1893) Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Zenascus nitidus (Broun, 1893), comb. n.</p><p>Figs 1A, 11D, 14D, 17A, 17B, 18D, 20D, 21D, 23D, 28A</p><p>Xylophilus nitidus Broun, 1893: 1163; Pic, 1894: 430; Pic, 1910: 13; Hudson, 1934: 204; Kuschel, 1990: 34, 66, Figs 72, 159; Maddison, 2010: 428.</p><p>Hylophilus nitidus; Pic, 1902: 9; Pic, 1905: 215, 232; Pic, 1910: 13.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the shining, black integument without secondary pubescence on the pronotum or elytra, the contrasting testaceous antennae and legs, and the unmodified antennae of males. Zenascus nitidus is most easily confused with Z. elenae and Z. antennalis, both of which also have a shining, black integument. Zenascus nitidus can be separated from Z. elenae by the differently shaped metatibia in both males and females (Figs 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D). Males of Z. nitidus also lack a medial impression on the fifth abdominal ventrite. Zenascus nitidus is distinguished from Z. antennalis by the absence of male antennal modifications and the overall testaceous antennomeres of females (Figs 14E &amp; 14F).</p><p>Description. Length 1.53–1.80 mm. Head, clypeus, pronotum, elytra, venter, and metacoxae fuscous to piceous; scape, antennomere 11, labrum, mandibles, and metafemora brunneous to testaceous; pedicel and remaining antennomeres, remaining mouthparts, and remaining leg segments testaceous. Dorsal integument shining, vestiture uniseriate, one decumbent, thin, short seta arising anterad of each puncture, length about 2× puncture length, without additional setae between each pair of punctures. Ventral vestiture biseriate. Head, HW 0.42–0.47 mm, HL 0.20–0.23 mm, punctation consisting of numerous deep, elongate punctures, evenly spaced medially, clustered at basal and lateral edges on vertex, absent from base to just anterad of head constriction; impression between antennal ridge and vertex absent. Antennae witj distance between antennal insertions wide, approximately equal to diameter of five antennal insertions; length reaching past basal ¼ of elytra when extended backward; scape rounded, slightly longer than wide, subequal in width at base and apex; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 slightly reduced in width compared to pedicel, expanded apically; antennomere 4 longer than 3 and slightly greater in width; antennomeres 4– 8 subequal in length, each subsequent antennomere expanding slightly in width; antennomeres 9 and 10 decreasing in length, subequal in width; antennomere 11 elongate; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence; pedicel and antennomeres 3–11 with apical ring of elongate setae, antennomere 11 with additional medial ring of setae. Pronotum, PW 0.36–0.41 mm, PL 0.32–0.34 mm, subquadrate, slightly wider than long, width 1.13–1.24× length; pronotal width 0.52–0.60× elytral width, pronotal width 0.84–0.87× head width; sides slightly rounded; disc without two basal fovea, without transverse sulcus just anterad of center; punctation consisting of deep elongate punctures, approximately evenly spaced, separated by an average of three punctural lengths. Elytra longer than wide and longer than pronotal length, EW 0.62–0.78 mm, EL 1.21–1.32 mm; slightly impressed oblique subscutellar depression present; punctation consisting of elongate punctures, separated by an average of three punctural lengths. Proleg with tarsomeres 1 and 2 subequal in length, tarsomere 1 with ventral short, stout spine; tarsomere 3 with ventral adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia straight from base to apex. Hindleg with coxa without distinct, deep punctures along posterior margin; femur with distinctly thickened setae on postero-ventral face, overlying medial excavation confined to one-sixth femoral length, apico-ventral impression absent; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangular and apex densely pubescent. Abdomen with lateral length of ventrite 2 longer than length at midline; deep punctures confined to abdominal process. basal margin of ventrite 1, and basal margin and medially on ventrite 2; a central row of smaller present on ventrite 3; small, shallow micropunctures present on ventrites 4 and 5; ventrite 5 without medial impression. Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly, delimited from apicale laterally and medially; apicale posteriorly narrowed, thin; accessory lobes absent; penis with anterior struts extremely elongate, extending past phallobase 2.5× length of struts within phallobase.</p><p>Females. Length 1.53–1.80 mm, HW 0.41–0.48 mm, HL 0.18–0.23 mm, PW 0.35–0.44 mm, PL 0.32–0.36 mm, EW 0.63–0.81 mm, EL 1.21–1.44 mm. Antennal scape rounded, slightly longer than wide; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 subequal in length to pedicel, ¾ width of pedicel; antennomere 4 subequal to 3 in width, slightly longer in length and width; antennomere 5–8 subequal in length, antennomere 9 slightly reduced in length, slightly greater in width, subequal to antennomere 10; antennomere 11 longer than 10, rounded. Protarsomere 1 without a ventral short, stout spine. Metatibia with long brush of thick setae originating basad to tibial apex.</p><p>Remarks. This is Broun species 2062 specimen based on a single female specimen from Wiatemata Harbour (Broun 1893). The holotype was confirmed in the BMNH. A few specimens have been examined from Three Kings Island with a consistently darkened antennal scape, which is characteristic of Z. elenae . No additional morphological differences from North Island Z. nitidus were observed, but it is possible these specimens represent a diverging population of Z. nitidus .</p><p>Natural history. This is a relatively widespread and very common North Island species that is also found on the Three Kings Islands. This species has primarily been collected using Malaise traps and from light traps at night. Specimens have also been collected by sweeping and beating vegetation, specifically Melycitus ramiflorus, Phormium tenax, Carex sp., Geniostoma ? sp., Meryta sinclairii (Hook.) Seem, Dysoxylum spectabile (G. Forst) Hook. f., Corynocarpus laevigatus J.R. Forst. &amp; G. Forst, Melicope ternata J.R. Forst. &amp; G. Forst, Nestegis apetala (Vahl) L. A. S. Johnson, flowering Weinmannia silvicola Sol. ex A. Cunn., flowers of Cordyline obtecta (Graham) Baker. Additional specimens have been collected from the bird nests of Zosterops lateralis (Latham) and Petroica macrocephala (Gmelin) .</p><p>Distribution. North Island: Northland (ND), Auckland (AK), Coromandel (CL), Waikato (WO), Bay of Plenty (BP), Taranaki (TK), Gisborne (GB) and Wellington (WN). Offshore Island: Three Kings Island (TH).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, female (BMNH): “2062 // Northcote // New Zealand. / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // Xylophilus / nitidus [handwritten] // HOLOTYPE [female symbol] / “ Xylophilus ” / nitidus / Broun [handwritten] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFF7FFCA6F854D7D73A5FF69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFF5FFCF6F854A4175C8FE35.text	03A48794FFF5FFCF6F854A4175C8FE35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zenascus obscurus (Broun 1893) Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Zenascus obscurus (Broun, 1893), comb. n.</p><p>Figs 11B, 13 A–13H, 14B, 16A, 16B, 18B, 20B, 21B, 23B, 28B</p><p>Xylophilus obscurus Broun, 1893: 1164–1165; Pic, 1894: 430; Hudson, 1934: 204.</p><p>Hylophilus brouni; Pic, 1901: 67 [unnecessary emendation]; Pic, 1902: 7; Pic, 1905: 231; Pic, 1910: 7.</p><p>Hylophilus obscurus; Pic, 1905: 217.</p><p>Xylophilus brouni; Maddison, 2010: 428.</p><p>Xylophilus pictipes Broun, 1893: 1164; Pic, 1894: 431; Hudson, 1934: 204; Maddison, 2010: 428. Syn. n.</p><p>Hylophilus pictipes; Pic, 1902: 10; Pic, 1905: 216, 232; Pic, 1910: 14.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the biseriate pubescence, the short and thin antennomere 3, brunneous elytra, and the unmodified male antennae. Zenascus obscurus is most similar in general habitus appearance to Zenascus coloratus and Zenascus aurum, Zenascus obscurus can be separated from Z. coloratus by the entirely brunneous elytra (though a few specimens have very slighty lightened elytral humeri) and the brunneous coloration of the prolegs and midlegs. Zenascus obscurus is distinguished from Z. aurum by the overall brunneous elytral integument as opposed to testaceous with an oblique brunneous band. Zenascus aurum has also only been collected from the Three Kings Islands whereas Z. obscurus is widely distributed across both the North and South Islands but is absent from the Three Kings Islands.</p><p>Description. Length 1.79–2.23 mm. Head, antennal scape, antennomeres 4–11, pronotum, elytra, legs, and venter brunneous to fuscous. Dorsal integument matte, vestiture biseriate, one decumbent, thin, long seta arising anterad of each puncture, length about 3× puncture length, with 4–5 additional decumbent, thin, shorter setae between each pair of punctures, length about 2/3× primary seta. Ventral vestiture similar to dorsum, biseriate. Head, HW 0.51–0.58 mm, HL 0.17–0.22 mm, impression between antennal ridge and vertex absent. Antennae with distance between antennal insertions wide, approximately equal to diameter of five antennal insertions; length reaching past basal ½ of elytra when extended backward; scape rounded, slightly longer than wide, subequal in width basally and apically; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 subequal in length to pedicel, slightly reduced in width, width slightly expanding apically; antennomere 4 longer than 3 and slightly greater in width; antennomeres 4–8 subequal in length and width, each slightly expanded apically; antennomeres 4–9 subserrate, serration produced anteriorly; antennomeres 9 and 10 decreasing in length, subequal in width; antennomere 11 elongate; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, without additional pilosity. Pronotum, PW 0.44–0.52 mm, PL 0.38–0.47 mm, subquadrate, width subequal to slightly greater than length, width 1.11–1.17× length; pronotal width 0.52–0.69× elytral width, pronotal width 0.86–0.91× head width; sides slightly sinuate; disc with two deeply impressed basal fovea, transverse sulcus present just anterad of center; punctation consisting of deep elongate punctures, approximately evenly spaced, separated by an average of one punctural width, absent from midline posterior to center. Elytra 1.76–2.24× longer than wide and 3.71–4.39× longer than pronotal length, EW 0.63–1.0 mm, EL 1.41–1.80 mm; moderately impressed oblique subscutellar depression present; punctation consisting of elongate punctures, separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Proleg with tarsomeres 1 and 2 subequal in length, tarsomere 1 with ventral short, stout spine; ventral surface of tarsomeres 2 and 3 with adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia gently curved inward from base to apex. Hindleg without distinct, deep punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinctly thickened setae on postero-ventral face, overlying slight excavation along entire length of femur, apico-ventral impression absent; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangular and densely pubescent. Abdomen with lateral and medial lengths of ventrite 2 subequal; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and across entirety of ventrites 1 and 2 except for distinct line indicating sutural separation,entirety of ventrite 3, and confined basally to ventrite 4; ventrite 5 with small, shallow micropunctures, medial impression absent. Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly, laterally and medially delimited from apicale, with distinct sclerotization; apicale posteriorly narrowly acute, accessory lobes present, with four setae, one thin, elongate seta and two thin, short setae at apex, one thin, short seta basad to these; penis with anterior struts elongate, but not extending past phallobase.</p><p>Females. Antennae with scape rounded, slightly longer than wide, subequal in width basally and apically; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 subequal in length and width to pedicel; antennomere 4 slightly wider than antennomere 3; antennomere 5 slightly wider than antennomere 4; antennomeres 5–7 subequal in length and width; antennomere 8 slightly shorter than antennomere 7; antennomere 8–10 subequal in length and width; antennomere 11 subequal in width and about 2× longer than antennomere 10.</p><p>Remarks. This is Broun species 2066, which was based on two specimens from Howick (Broun 1893). In order to stabilize this name, a lectotype and one paralectotype are here designated from the material of Xylophilus obscurus located in the BMNH. Pic (1901) provided an unnecessary new name H. brouni, because the name “ obscurus ” which was a variety of Xylophilus pruinosus Kiesenwetter named by Pic (1892). This species is now a member of Cobososia Collado &amp; Alonso-Zarazaga (see Nardi 2007; Alonso-Zarazaga 2010). Xylophilus pictipes is Broun species 2065 based on a single specimen from Howick (Broun 1893). The male holotype was confirmed in the BMNH. The morphological differences between X. obscurus (two female specimens) and X. pictipes (one male specimen) appear to be those associated with males and females and X. pictipes is therefore synonymized herein.</p><p>Natural history. This is a relatively widespread and very common species, found on the main islands and on the Chatham Islands. It has been collected primarily using Malaise traps and flight intercept traps (FITs). Specimens have additionally been collected by beating both during the day and at night beating mixed forest vegetation, specifically from Coprosma grandifolia Hook. f., Melicytus ramiflorus, Pittosporum eugenioides A. Cunn. A few specimens have also been collected from pitfall traps and by sweeping Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Druce. Specimens have also been collected from fungus, including one from an unidentified sooty mold and another from Grifola collensoi (Berk.) G. Cunn.</p><p>Distribution. North Island: Northland (ND), Auckland (AK), Coromandel (CL), Waikato (WO), Bay of Plenty (BP), Gisborne (GB), Taranaki (TK), Taupo (TO), Rangitikei (RI), Wanganui (WI), Wellington (WN), and Wairarapa (WA). South Island: Marlborough Sounds (SD), Nelson (NN), Marlborough (MB), Buller (BR), North Canterbbury (NC), Westland (WD), Mid Canterbury (MC), Mackenzie (MK), Otago Lakes (OL), Fiordland (FD), Southland (SL), and Stewart Island (SI). Offshore island: Chatham (CH).</p><p>Type material examined. Xylophilus obscurus . Lectotype, female (BMNH): “2066 // Paparoa // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // Xylophilus / obscurus [handwritten] // LECTOTYPE [female symbol] / “ Xylophilus ” / obscurus Brn. / (= brouni Pic) [handwritten] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”. Paralectotype, here designated (BMNH): “2066 // Howick // New Zealand. / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // PARALECT. [female symbol] / “ Xylophilus ” / obscurus Brn. / (= brouni Pic) [handwritten] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”. Xylophilus pictipes . Holotype, female (BMNH): “2065 // Howick // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482. // Xylophilus / pictipes // HOLOTYPE [female symbol] / “ Xylophilus ” / pictipes Brn. [handwritten] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFF5FFCF6F854A4175C8FE35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFF0FFD16F854D5473A1F847.text	03A48794FFF0FFD16F854D5473A1F847.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zenascus roberti Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Zenascus roberti sp. n.</p><p>Figs 12C, 14H, 15A, 16C, 19C, 20H, 22C, 32H, 24D, 28C</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for lepidopterist Robert Hoare for his friendship and aid in the field, and especially for one collecting adventure with the first author to Karekare beach where several species of Zenascus were acquired, including a specimen of this newly described species.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from congeners by the testaceous integument with biseriate pubescence, the laterally expanded antennal scape of the males, and the distinctive modified antennomeres 7 and 8 of males. Zenascus roberti is most similar to congeners Z. luniger and Z. incensum due to the extreme antennal modifications of the males. Males are easily separated because specimens of Z. roberti only have antennomeres 7–8 modified whereas males of Z. luniger and Z. incensum have antennomeres 7–9 modified. Females are much more difficult to differentiate but are distinguished by their golden to testaceous pronotum and elytra as compared to the light brown to brunneous coloration found with females of the other two species.</p><p>Description. Length 1.36–1.45 mm. Antennal scape, pedicel, antennomeres 3–6 and 9–11, elytra, and legs testaceous; head and pronotum light brown; antennomeres 7 and 8 dark brown. Dorsal integument matte, vestiture biseriate, one decumbent, thin, short seta arising anterad of each primary puncture, length about equal to 1.5 puncture lengths, with 2–3 subequally thin and short setae between each pair of punctures. Ventral vestiture similar to dorsum, biseriate. Head, HW 0.41–0.45 mm, HL 0.18–0.22 mm. punctation consisting of numerous elongate punctures, approximately evenly spaced, covering frons and vertex, lacking from base to head constriction; a minimal impression present between antennal ridge and vertex. Antennae with distance between antennal insertions narrow, approximately equal to diameter of 1.5 antennal insertions; length reaching past basal ½ of elytra when extended backward; scape broad, dorso-ventrally flattened, broadest basally, decreasing in width towards apex; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 minute, shorter than pedicel, only visible with high magnification; antennomere 4 elongate and somewhat flattened, length 5× width; antennomere 5 shorter than 4; antennomere 6 shorter than 5; antennomere 7 highly modified, basal ½ broad and with appendage projecting forward, appendage apex rounded; 8 highly modified, with appendage projecting backwards, appendage apex acute; antennomeres 9 and 10 subquadrate, subequal in length and width; antennomere 11 longer than 10; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, antennomeres 7 and 8 with additional pilosity (Fig. 15A). Pronotum, PW 0.30–0.35 mm, PL 0.29–0.34 mm, subquadrate, width subequal to slightly greater than length, width 1.03–1.09× length; pronotal width 0.50–0.52× elytral width, pronotal width 0.73–0.78× head width; sides straight to slightly sinuate; disc with two slightly impressed basal fovea, a slight transverse sulcus present just anterad of center; punctation consisting of deep, elongate punctures, unevenly spaced, separated by an average of two punctural lengths, absent from midline posterior to center. Elytra 1.66–1.78× longer than wide and 3.53–3.69× longer than pronotal length, EW 0.60–0.68 mm, EL 1.07–1.13 mm; slight oblique subscutellar depression present; punctation consisting of elongate punctures, sepa-rated by an average of two punctural lengths. Proleg with tarsomeres 1 and 2 subequal in length, tarsomere 1 without ventral short, stout spine; tarsomere 3 with ventral adhesive setae. Hindleg with numerous deep, elongate punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinctly thickened setae on postero-ventral face, overlying slight excavation along entire length of femur, apico-ventral impression absent; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangulate, with cluster of thin, elongate setae. Abdomen with lateral length of ventrite 2 longer than length at midline; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and basal margin of ventrite 1, basal margin of ventrite 2, and scattered across ventrite 3; shallow micropunctures present on ventrites 4 and 5; ventrite 5 without medial impression. Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly, not delimited from apicale; apicale posteriorly narrowly acute, accessory lobes absent; penis with anterior struts elongate, but not extending past phallobase</p><p>Females. Length 1.47–1.50 mm, HW 0.42 mm, HL 0.18–0.19 mm, PW 0.32–0.33 mm, PL 0.30 mm, EW 0.66– 0.71 mm, EL. 1.17–1.20 mm. Antennae with scape longer than wide, slightly flattened; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 longer and about ½ width of pedicel, antennomere 3–7 subequal in width and length; antennomeres 8–11 each shorter than antennomere 7, each subsequent antennomere becoming slightly wider, forming a weak club.</p><p>Remarks. This species corresponds to ‘ Xylophilus ’ species 1 and 2 in the Lynfield survey of Kushel (1990).</p><p>Natural history. This is a relatively widespread and common species found mainly in the North Island. This species has been primarily collected using Malaise traps and sweeping vegetation. It has also been collecting by beating Melicytus ramiflorus .</p><p>Distribution. North Island: Northland (ND), Auckland (AK), Coromandel (CL), Gisborne (GB), Taupo (TO), and Wanganui (WI). South Island: Nelson (NN) and Marlborough Sounds (SD).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Male (NZAC), labeled: “ NEW ZEALAND ND / Omahuta SF / 4 Feb 1975 / G. Kuschel // N.Z. Arthropod / Collection, NZAC / Entomology Div. / DSIR, Auckland / NEW ZEALAND // Genus F / sp. 3 [male symbol] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985” . Paratypes (56). ND: Brynderwyn, 17/11/1964, R.A. Cumber (1, AMNZ) ; Poor Knights Is, Tawhiti Rahi, 6/12/1980, G. Kuschel (1, NZAC) ; same, but 2/12/1980 (1, NZAC); same, but 8/12/1980, sweeping on north track near lighthouse, M.F. Tocker (1, NZAC); same, but sweeping on north track (1, NZAC); Tutukaka Harbour, 12/12/1980, beaten from coastal shrubs, J.C. Watt (1, NZAC) . AK: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=174.47142&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-36.8657" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 174.47142/lat -36.8657)">Bethells Matuku Res</a>, 21/12/1988 – 14/03/1989, Malaise trap on tree platform, G. Hall, 36 51.942S, 174 28.285E (1, NZAC) ; same, but 14/12/1990 – 21/03/1991, Malaise trap on ground below tree platform (1, NZAC); Huia, Destruction Gully, 21/10/1974, sweeping and beating, J.S. Dugdale (1, NZAC) ; Lynfield, 3/04/1980, malaise trap, G. Kuschel (1, NZAC) ; Waitakere Range, Piha, 01/02/2000, Malaise trap, Wasp Survey (1, AMNZ) ; same, but 08/02/2000 (1, AMNZ); same, but 11/05/2000 (1, AMNZ); Waitakere Range, Arataki, 18/01/2000 – 23/01/2000, Malaise trap, Wasp Survey (1, AMNZ) ; Waitakere Range, Karekare, 9/05/2000, Malaise trap, Wasp Survey (1, AMNZ) ; Wiri, 92 Langley Rd, 20/01/2004 – 3/03/2004, R. Toft, S. Hona (1, NZAC) ; same but mini malaise trap site 12, (1, NZAC); Lynfield, 20/04/1980, Malaise trap, G. Kuschel (1, NZAC) ; same, but 15/03/1980 (1, NZAC); Titirangi, 10/02/2003, on foliage, S.E. Thorpe (1, AMNZ) ; Huapai Res, 5/11/2012, A. Becker et al., canopy fogging, 36 79.5144S, 174 49.1402E (2, NZAC) . CL: Cuvier I, West Ridge Track, 160m, 11–18/11/1999, Malaise trap in forest, J.W. Early, S.E. Thorpe (1, AMNZ) ; Great Barrier I, Mt Hobson, 420m, 23/11/2003 – 20/12/2003, Malaise trap, K. Parsons (1, AMNZ) ; same, but 21/12/2003 – 22/02/2003 (5, AMNZ); same, but 19/12/2002 – 21/02/2002 (5, AMNZ); same, but 22/2/2003 – 29/03/2003 (2, AMNZ); Great Barrier I, Rosalie Bay, Benthorn Farm, 100m, 18/01/2002 – 21/02/2002, boggy forest edge, malaise trap, P. Sutton (1, AMNZ) ; same, but 150m, 11/12/2001 – 18/10/2003 (1, AMNZ); Great Barrier Is, Little Windy Hill, 100m, 20/01/2003 – 25/02/2003, coastal forest Malaise trap, K. Parsons (2, AMNZ) ; same, but 180m, 8/10/2003 – 18/10/2003, meeting house Malaise trap (1, AMNZ); same, but 100m, 19/12/2002 – 21/02/2002, area 2, coastal Malaise trap, (2, AMNZ); same, but 220m, 13/12/2002 – 17/01/2003, forest edge Malaise trap (1, AMNZ); same, but 18/01/2002 – 21/02/2002 (1, AMNZ); same, but 200m, 21/11/2002 – 23/12/2002, forest edge Malaise trap (1, AMNZ); Mercury Is, Stanley I, 11/23/1972, Astelia etc., G.W. Ramsay (1, NZAC) . TO: Tongariro NP Chateau, 1000m, 12/06/1978, Phyllocladus alpinus, G. Kuschel (1, NZAC) . GB: Taikawakawa, 2/01/1993 – 18/03/1993, malaise trap, J.S. Dugdale (2, NZAC) ; Waimata Valley, 30/11/1994 – 07/12/1994, Malaise trap (6), 6&gt;60 yr kanuka/Car. Ser.-Ole.ran./Cop.rha., diverse shrubland, J.S. Dugdale (1, NZAC) . WI: Wanganui, Castlecliff, 28/01/1982, sweeping, C.F. Butcher (1, NZAC) . South Island NN: Dun Mt, 2000ft, 21/01/1931, E.S. Gourlay (1, NZAC) ; Stockton Coal Mine, 880m, 16/12/1998, 18/12/1998, Malaise trap, rehabilitation trial, bare control plot 8, R.J. Toft (1, NZAC) . SD: Queen Charlotte Sounds, Bay of Many Coves, 27/12/1993 – 10/02/1994, Malaise trap in Nothofagus truncata /mixed broadleaf/podocarp forest, J.W.M Marris &amp; W.A. Marris (1, LUNZ) ; same, but 1/01/1983 – 6/01/1983 (2, LUNZ) . Unknown. T. Broun Collection, A.E Brookes Collection (1, NZAC); var 423, A.E Brookes Collection (1, NZAC) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFF0FFD16F854D5473A1F847	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFECFFD56F854D9F72FFFC51.text	03A48794FFECFFD56F854D9F72FFFC51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zenascus xenarthrus (Broun 1910) Grzymala & Leschen 2020	<div><p>Zenascus xenarthrus (Broun, 1910), comb. n.</p><p>Figs 12B, 14G, 19B, 20G, 22B, 23G, 24C, 27A</p><p>Xylophilus xenarthrus Broun, 1910: 54; Champion, 1916: 48; Hudson, 1923: 386; Hudson, 1934: 204; Maddison, 2010: 428.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is separated from congeners by the biseriate pubescence of the elytra, the greatly modified antennae of males, the brunneous to piceus dorsal coloration, and the strongly impressed basal pronotal fovea. Ze-nascus xenarthrus is most easily confused, especially for females, with Z. antennalis . Males are easily separated by the differences of their modified antennomeres (Figs 14F &amp; 14G). Both males and females can be distinguished by the elytral pubescence, which is uniseriate for Z. antennalis and is biseriate for Z. xenarthrus .</p><p>Description. Length 1.46–1.84 mm. Head, pronotum, elytra, and venter brunneous to castaneous; antennae, mouthparts, and legs testaceous to brunneous. Dorsal integument matte, vestiture biseriate, with one decumbent, thin, long seta arising anterad of each primary puncture, length about 2× puncture length, with additional 2–3 decumbent, thin, shorter setae between each pair of punctures, length about 2/3× primary seta. Ventral vestiture similar to dosum, biseriate. Head, HW 0.48–0.54 mm, HL 0.21–0.30 mm, punctation cosnsiting of few, deep punctures, unevenly spaced on vertex, absent from base to posterior edge of eyes; a moderate impression present between antennal ridge and vertex. Anteannae with distance between antennal insertions narrow, approximately equal to diameter of 1.5 antennal insertions; length reaching past basal ¼ of elytra when extended backward; scape broad and flattened, approximately 3× length of pedicel; pedicel transverse, width greater than length; antennomere 3 minute, shorter than pedicel and shorter than antennomere 4, only visible with high magnification; antennomere 4 dorso-ventrally flattened, elongate, length 3.5× width, longer than antennomere 5; antennomeres 5 and 6 subequal in width, antennomere 5 slightly longer than antennomere 6, both inwardly curved; antennomeres 7–9 dorso-ventrally flattened, apex approximately 2× width of base, inner apices expanded; antennomere 10 width subequal to length; anennomere 11 length 2× antennomere 10; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense, suberect pubescence, antennomeres 10–11 with additional pilosity. Pronotum, PW 0.36–0.44 mm, PL 0.33–0.41 mm, subquadrate, width subequal to slightly greater than length, width 1.06–1.09× length; pronotal width 0.54–0.60× elytral width, pronotal width 0.75–0.81× head width; slightly sinuate; disc with two strongly impressed basal fovea, a slight transverse sulcus present just anterad of center; punctation consisting of deep, elongate punctures, unevenly spaced, separated by an average of 1.5 punctural lengths. Elytra 1.81–1.91× longer than wide and 3.42–3.53× longer than pronotal length, EW 0.60–0.75 mm, EL 1.13–1.43 mm; slightly impressed, oblique subscutellar depression present; punctation consisting of elongate punctures, separated by an average of 1.5 punctural lenths. Proleg with tarsomere 1 approximately 2–3× longer than tarsomere 1, without a ventral short, stout spine; tarsomere 3 with ventral adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia straight from base to apex. Hindleg with numerous deep, elongate punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinctly thickened setae on postero-ventral face, overlying slight excavation extending entire length of femur, apico-ventral impression absent; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangular and densely pubescent. Abdomen with lateral length of ventrite 2 greater than its medial length; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and basal margin of ventrite 1, medially on ventrite 2 and several scattered on ventrite 3; small, shallow micropunctures present on ventrites 4 and 5; ventrite 5 without medial impression. Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly, laterally delimited from apicale, without distinct sclerotization; apicale posteriorly narrowed, tip expanded, with apex rounded; accessory lobes present, subequal thickness at base and apex; with four setae confined to accessory lobe apex; penis with anterior struts elongate, but not extending past phallobase.</p><p>Females. Length 1.70 mm, HW 0.51 mm, HL 0.26 mm, PW 0.38 mm, PL 0.35 mm, EW 0.75 mm, EL 1.35 mm. Antennae with distance between antennal insertions narrow, approximately equal to diameter of two antennal insertions; scape longer than wide, slightly flattened; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 longer and about ½ width of pedicel, antennomere 3–7 subequal in width and length; antennomeres 8–11 each shorter than antennomere 7, each subsequent antennomere becoming slightly wider, forming a weak club.</p><p>Remarks. Because of the modified antennae, Broun (1910) suggested that this species be placed in a separate genus but refrained due to the specimen being damaged. This is Broun species 3117, which was based on a single male damaged specimen from Raurimu collected in 1909 (Broun 1910). The holotype was confirmed in the BMNH.</p><p>Natural history. This is a relatively uncommon species that is widespread in the North Island. This species has been primarily collected using Malaise traps but has also been acquired through beating vegetation at night, on the underside of a log on the forest floor, and in a pitfall trap.</p><p>Distribution. North Island: Northland (ND), Auckland (AK), Rangitikei (RI), Wanganui (WI), Wellington (WN), and Wairarapa (WA).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, male (BMNH): “3117 // New Zealand. / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922- 482. // Raurimu / Jany. 1909. [handwritten] // Xylophilus / xenarthrus [handwritten] // HOLOTYPE [male symbol] / “ Xylophilus ” / xenarthrus / Broun [handwritten] / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFECFFD56F854D9F72FFFC51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
03A48794FFEAFFD56F854FE173AAF829.text	03A48794FFEAFFD56F854FE173AAF829.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scraptogetus Broun 1893	<div><p>Scraptogetus Broun, 1893: 1157 .</p><p>= Metasclera Broun, 1914: 198 .</p><p>= Pseudananca Blackburn, 1893: 135, syn. n.</p><p>anthracinus Broun, 1893: 1157 .</p><p>= nigricans Broun, 1914: 198, syn. n.</p><p>arboreus (Broun, 1914: 198) .</p><p>Transrenus gen. n.</p><p>thulater sp. n.</p><p>Pseudozena gen. n.</p><p>denticulata sp. n.</p><p>Zenascus gen. n.</p><p>antennalis (Broun, 1893: 1163), comb. n.</p><p>aurum sp. n.</p><p>coloratus (Broun, 1893: 1164), comb. n.</p><p>elenae sp. n.</p><p>incensum sp. n.</p><p>luniger (Champion, 1916: 47), comb. n.</p><p>nitidus (Broun, 1893: 1163), comb. n.</p><p>obscurus (Broun, 1893: 1164), comb. n.</p><p>= pictipes (Broun, 1893: 1164), syn. n.</p><p>roberti sp. n.</p><p>xenarthrus (Broun, 1910: 54), comb. n.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A48794FFEAFFD56F854FE173AAF829	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grzymala, Traci L.;Leschen, Richard A. B.	Grzymala, Traci L., Leschen, Richard A. B. (2020): Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n. Zootaxa 4889 (1): 1-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4889.1.1
