identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A6D074FFE87E14FF06FA8BFBB6FA7B.text	03A6D074FFE87E14FF06FA8BFBB6FA7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Altshedata hispanica Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Altshedata hispanica n. sp. (Figs 5 A-H; 6A-C; Appendix)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.130.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — SMF 21.131- SMF 21.149.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to the finding of this species in Spain (from Latin “ hispanicus ” = Spanish).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Encrusting colonies; autozooecia prismatic; autozooecial diaphragms common, straight, thin; lunaria well-developed, prominent; megazooecia occurring; vesicles occasionally present, never isolating autozooecia; communication pores absent; maculae not observed.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Encrusting colonies, 1.0- 3.5mm thick. Autozooecia prismatic,budding from the basal epitheca,hemispherical to trapezoidal at their bases, becoming then rhombic to hexagonal, recumbent in proximal parts, then bending sharply and intersecting colony surface at right angles. Autozooecial diaphragms common, straight, thin. Autozooecial apertures rounded-polygonal. Lunaria well-developed, prominent, rounded, deeply indenting autozooecial cavity, originating from bases of autozooecia, consisting of hyaline material. Ends of lunaria curved to form almost a tube.Megazooecia occurring, 0.42-0.48 mm wide. Other heterozooecia not observed. Vesicles occasionally present, irregular in shape and size, concentrated at base of exozone, never isolating autozooecia. Autozooecial walls in the endozone granular, straight, 0.005 -0.010 mm thick; in exozone irregularly thickened, showing indistinct granular microstructure, 0.04-0.07 mm thick.True communication pores not observed, but deep annulations in walls giving false appearance of communication pores. Maculae not observed.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Altchedata hispanica differs from the type species A. belgebaschensis (Nekhoroshev, 1948) in having fewer vesicles, smaller autozooecial apertures (autozooecial width 0.23-0.38 vs 0.40 mm in A. belgebaschensis) and larger lunaria. Altchedata hispanica differs from Altchedata gracilis in its larger autozooecia (average autozooecial width 0.3 mm vs 0.27 mm in A. gracilis), presence of megazooecia and absence of style-like projections in the autozooecial walls.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFE87E14FF06FA8BFBB6FA7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFE87E14FF2FFEF0FEEAFA96.text	03A6D074FFE87E14FF2FFEF0FEEAFA96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Altshedata Morozova 1959	<div><p>Genus Altshedata Morozova, 1959</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Fistulipora belgebaschensis Nekhoroshev, 1948, by subsequent designation (Morozova 1959). Middle Devonian (Givetian); Altai, Russia.</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Besides the type species Altshedata belgebaschensis (Nekhoroshev, 1948), two species have been reported: A. parasitica Yang &amp; Lu, 1983 from the Upper Carboniferous of Xinjiang (China), and A. xiacaiyuanensis Fan, 1993 from the Permian of Yunnan (China). However, these species may not belong to the genus Altshedata Morozova, 1959 because they show significant differences in their internal morphology possessing large and abundant vesicles as well as hemiphragms.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Colonies encrusting or massive. Autozooecia large, living chambers subangular to subrounded in transverse section, budding from the epitheca. Lunaria moderate to large in the inner exozone, large on the colony surface, rounded, deeply indenting autozooecia. Diaphragms few to abundant. Vesicular skeleton present. Heterozooecia absent. Autozooecial walls thick, undulatory, having indistinct granular microstructure. Monticules with large zooecia and more abundant interzooecial space.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Altshedata Morozova, 1959 differs from Anolotichia Ulrich, 1890 in having rounded lunaria indenting autozooecia and vesicular skeleton, from Crassaluna Utgaard, 1968 in the shape of the lunaria which are rounded in Altshedata but irregular with nodes and ridges in Crassaluna.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFE87E14FF2FFEF0FEEAFA96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFE87E18FCC6F9EDFF26F93D.text	03A6D074FFE87E18FCC6F9EDFF26F93D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Altshedata gracilis Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Altshedata gracilis n. sp. (Figs 6 D-G, 7A-D; Appendix)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.150. PARATYPES. — SMF 21.151- SMF 21.164.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to the small sizes of colonies and autozooecia of the new species (derived from Latin “ gracilis ” = slender).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Encrusting colonies; autozooecia prismatic; autozooecial diaphragms common, straight, thin; lunaria well-developed, prominent; megazooecia or other heterozooecia not observed; vesicles occasionally present, never isolating autozooecia; communication pores absent; maculae not observed.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Encrusting colonies, 0.9-1.2 mm thick. Autozooecia prismatic, budding from the basal epitheca, hemispherical to trapezoidal at their bases, becoming rhombic to hexagonal, recumbent in proximal parts, then bending sharply and intersecting colony surface at right angles. Autozooecial diaphragms common, straight, thin, locally absent. Autozooecial apertures rounded-polygonal. Lunaria well-developed, prominent, rounded, deeply indenting autozooecial cavity, originating from bases of autozooecia, consisting of hyaline material. Heterozooecia not observed. Vesicles rarely present, irregular in shape and size, occurring at the base of exozone. Autozooecial walls in the endozone granular, straight, 0.005 -0.010 mm thick; in exozone irregularly thickened, showing indistinct granular microstructure with deep annulations, 0.03-0.05 mm thick. Short style-like projections present in autozooecial walls and in the granular skeleton on the colony surface. Communication pores not observed. Maculae not observed.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Altshedata gracilis n. sp. differs from Altshedata hispanica n. sp. in having smaller autozooecia (average autozooecial width 0.27 vs 0.3 mm in A. hispanica), presence of megazooecia and the absence of style-like projections in autozooecial walls.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFE87E18FCC6F9EDFF26F93D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFE47E18FCEEFED0FB34FCD2.text	03A6D074FFE47E18FCEEFED0FB34FCD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fistulipora M'Coy 1849	<div><p>Genus Fistulipora M'Coy, 1849</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Fistulipora minor M’Coy,1849 [Calamopora incrustans Phillips, 1836], by subsequent designation (Milne Edwards &amp; Haime 1850). LowerCarboniferous; England.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Massive, encrusting, or branched colonies. Cylindrical autozooecia with thin walls and complete diaphragms. Apertures rounded, with horseshoe-shaped lunaria. Autozooecia separated by extrazooidal vesicular skeleton. Maculae often developed.</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Ordovician to Permian; worldwide.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Fistulipora M’Coy,1849 differs from Eridopora Ulrich, 1882 in having rounded, horseshoe-shaped rather than triangular lunaria. Furthermore, Eridopora develops persistently encrusting colonies, whereas Fistulipora may also develop massive and branched colonies.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFE47E18FCEEFED0FB34FCD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFE47E1EFCFAFC57FDD9FBD4.text	03A6D074FFE47E1EFCFAFC57FDD9FBD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fistulipora arauzensis Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Fistulipora arauzensis n. sp. (Figs 7E, F; 8 A-E; Appendix)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.165.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — SMF 21.166- SMF 21.191.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to Arauz Sur, the locality where the new species was found.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Encrusting colonies with multilayered secondary overgrowths; autozooecial diaphragms few to absent, thin, planar or concave; autozooecial apertures rounded; lunaria small; vesicles abundant both in endozone and exozone, moderately large, completely isolating autozooecia in 1-2 rows, 6-12 surrounding each autozooecial aperture; maculae small, slightly depressed, consisting of vesicular skeleton, spaced widely on the colony surface.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Encrusting colonies with multilayered secondary overgrowths. Multilayered colonies up to 4.8 mm</p> <p>thick, separate sheets 0.9-3.5mm thick. Autozooecia growing from laminated basal layer. Autozooecial diaphragms few to absent, thin, planar or concave. Autozooecial apertures rounded. Lunaria small, horseshoe-shaped, directed to the nearest macula, consisting of hyaline material. Vesicles abundant both in endozone and exozone, moderately large, box-like, polygonal in tangential section, having flattened roofs, completely isolating autozooecia in 1-2 rows, 6-12 surrounding each autozooecial aperture; in endozone usually higher than those in exozone. Moderately thick layer of granular skeleton on colony surface often developed.Autozooecial walls thick, granular. Maculae small, slightly depressed, consisting of vesicular skeleton, 0.05-0.06 mm in diameter, spaced widely on the colony surface.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Fistulipora arauzensis n.sp. is similar to F. compacta Astrova, 1964 from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of Ukraine. The new species differs in having larger vesicles (vesicle diameter 0.07-0.018 vs 0.04-0.12 mm in F. compacta) and wider spaced autozooecia. Fistulipora arauzensis is also similar to F. trifoliata Schlütter, 1889 from the Middle Devonian of the Eifel but differs from it in having smaller lunaria and larger autozooecial apertures (0.14-0.24 vs 0.12-0.20 mm in F. trifoliata).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFE47E1EFCFAFC57FDD9FBD4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFE27E1EFF35FB49FE86FA43.text	03A6D074FFE27E1EFF35FB49FE86FA43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eridopora Ulrich 1882	<div><p>Genus Eridopora Ulrich, 1882</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Eridopora macrostoma Ulrich, 1882, by original designation. Lower Carboniferous; North America.</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Devonian to Permian; worldwide.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Thin encrusting colonies. Oval apertures with strongly developed lunaria of distinctly triangular in shape. Cylindrical autozooecia with thin walls and complete diaphragms. Vesicular skeleton consists of angular vesicles.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFE27E1EFF35FB49FE86FA43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFE27E1EFED8F9EDFCCEFC75.text	03A6D074FFE27E1EFED8F9EDFCCEFC75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eridopora undetermined	<div><p>Eridopora sp. (Figs 8 F-G, 9A, B; Appendix)</p> <p>MATERIAL. — SMF 21.192- SMF 21.193.</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian); Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Palencia, NW Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Encrusting colonies 1.05-1.44 mm thick. Autozooecia growing from laminated basal layer. Autozooecial diaphragms few to absent, thin, planar or concave. Autozooecial apertures rounded to oval.Lunaria large, sharply triangular,consisting of hyaline material.Vesicles abundant both in endozone and exozone, moderately large, box-like,polygonal in tangential section, having flattened roofs, not completely isolating autozooecia, arranged commonly in a single row between autozooecia and 7-8 rows surrounding each autozooecial aperture. Layer of granular skeleton on colony surface thin. Autozooecial walls thin, granular.Maculae not observed.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>The present material is similar to Eridopora orbiculata (Kiepura, 1973) from the Middle Devonian of Poland and Germany, in the absence of acanthostyles skeleton but differs in having larger apertures (average autozooecial aperture width 0.31 vs 0.25 mm in E. orbiculata).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFE27E1EFED8F9EDFCCEFC75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFE27E1CFCB6FBE8FE91FECF.text	03A6D074FFE27E1CFCB6FBE8FE91FECF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalosis Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Petalosis n. gen.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The genus name refers to the petaloid shape of autozooecial apertures due to spine-like indentions.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Petalosis clarus n. sp. Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian); Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Encrusting colonies with secondary overgrowths; autozooecial apertures circular to oval; autozooecia growing from thick epitheca, bending sharply at their bases towards colony surface; basal diaphragms common to abundant; lunaria well developed, prominent, horseshoe shaped to triangular, containing 2-3 styles; one or two pairs of spine-like indentions in lateral parts of proximal ends of autozooecia; vesicles large and high, irregularly shaped, polygonal in tangential section, box-like to hemispherical, with plane or concave roofs; bands of large and irregularly shaped vesicles occurring; acanthostyles between autozooecial apertures; autozooecial walls granular in endozones and laminated in exozones; maculae not observed.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Petalosis n. gen. differs from Fistuliporella Simpson, 1895 in having spine-like indentions in autozooecial apertures.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFE27E1CFCB6FBE8FE91FECF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFE07E1CFD35FE90FC17FB94.text	03A6D074FFE07E1CFD35FE90FC17FB94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotrematopora Morozova 1961	<div><p>Genus Neotrematopora Morozova, 1961</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Neotrematopora typica Morozova, 1961, by original designation. Middle Devonian, Givetian; Siberia, Russia.</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Lower – Upper Devonian; Altai, Siberia, Kazakhstan, China. Lower Carboniferous; Altai and Siberia.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Branched, less commonly encrusting colonies. Autozooecia with polygonal to rounded-polygonal apertures. Autozooecial diaphragms rare, restricted to exozones. Mesozooecia abundant, with abundant diaphragms, partly sealed by calcitic skeleton. Acanthostyles usually abundant. Autozooecial walls thin in endozone; laminated, regularly thickened in exozones displaying merged to serrated microstructure.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Neotrematopora Morozova, 1961 differs from Minussina Morozova, 1961 in having partly merged autozooecial walls, which in Minussina are distinctly serrated with ridges on the colony surface at the zooecial boundaries.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFE07E1CFD35FE90FC17FB94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFE07E1CFF33FE52FB00FE8C.text	03A6D074FFE07E1CFF33FE52FB00FE8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalosis clarus Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Petalosis clarus n. gen., n. sp. (Figs 9 C-H, 10A-C; Appendix)</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to the distinct morphology of the species (derived from Latin “ clarus ” = clear, distinct).</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.194.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — SMF 21.194- SMF 21.206.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — As for genus.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Encrusting colonies, secondary overgrowths common. Encrusting sheets 0.8 to 3.3 mm in thickness. Autozooecia growing from thick epitheca, bending sharply at their bases towards colony surface. Autozooecial apertures circular to oval. Basal diaphragms common to moderately abundant, closely spaced, thin, horizontal or inclined. Lunaria well developed, laminated, prominent, horseshoe shaped to triangular, often containing 2-3 styles. One or two pairs of spine-like indentions occurring in lateral parts of proximal ends of autozooecia. Vesicles large and high, irregularly shaped, polygonal in tangential section, box-like to hemispherical, with plane or concave roofs, 3-8 surrounding each autozooecial aperture. Bands of large and irregularly shaped vesicles present. Acanthostyles between autozooecial apertures common, 0.0.25- 0.035 mm in diameter, having distinct hyaline cores and wide laminated sheaths. Autozooecial walls granular, 0.005 -0.010 thick in endozones; thick, laminated in exozones. Maculae not observed.</p> <p>Order TREPOSTOMATA Ulrich, 1882 Suborder HALLOPORINA Astrova, 1965</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFE07E1CFF33FE52FB00FE8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFE07E02FCFFFB88FDCEFBF7.text	03A6D074FFE07E02FCFFFB88FDCEFBF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neotrematopora tenuis Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Neotrematopora tenuis n. sp. (Figs 10 D-G; 11A; 22E, F; Appendix)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.207.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — SMF 21.208- SMF 21.211.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to the thin colony (derived from Latin “ tenuis ” = thin).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Encrusting colonies; autozooecial apertures rounded-polygonal; autozooecial diaphragms common to abundant; mesozooecia common, 2-5 surrounding each aperture; acanthostyles moderately large, common to abundant, 2-5 surrounding each aperture; exozonal walls distinctly laminated, often with secondary cingulum; maculae consisting larger autozooecia present.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Encrusting colonies, 0.47-1.11 mm in thickness. Autozooecia budding from a thin epitheca, for a short interval oriented parallel to the substrate then bending sharply and intersecting the colony surface at right angles. Autozooecial apertures roundedpolygonal. Autozooecial diaphragms common to abundant, thick, straight or slightly deflected proximally.Mesozooecia common, 2-5 surrounding each aperture, polygonal in cross section, often beaded, irregular, containing planar diaphragms. Acanthostyles moderately large, abundant, 2-5 surrounding each aperture, originating in the distal part of exozone, sometimes indenting autozooecia, having distinct calcite cores and dark laminated sheaths. Walls in endozone granular, 0.010 -0.015 mm thick; in exozone distinctly laminated; 0.03-0.08 mm thick.Cingulum often developed, 0.005 -0.025 mm thick, laminated parallel to autozooecial wall surface. Maculae consisting of larger autozooecia, 0.78-0.93 mm in diameter.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Neotrematopora tenuis n. sp. is similar to N. petaloides (Astrova, 1954) from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of Ukraine. The new species differs in having encrusting colony, more abundant diaphragms and less abundant acanthostyles (2-5 around each aperture vs 4-7 in N. petaloides).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFE07E02FCFFFB88FDCEFBF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFFE7E02FF35FB2AFB9DFE0E.text	03A6D074FFFE7E02FF35FB2AFB9DFE0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leioclema Ulrich 1882	<div><p>Genus Leioclema Ulrich, 1882</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Callopora punctata Hall, 1858, by subsequent designation (Ulrich 1882). Lower Carboniferous; Iowa (USA).</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Lower Silurian to Upper Carboniferous; worldwide.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Encrusting,branched, less commonly massive colonies.Autozooecia with polygonal to rounded-polygonal, sometimes petaloid apertures. Autozooecial diaphragms rare. Mesozooecia abundant, with abundant diaphragms, often beaded. Acanthostyles abundant, commonly large. Autozooecial walls thin in endozone; laminated, regularly thickened in exozones (modified from Astrova 1978).</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Leioclema Ulrich, 1882 differs from Heterotrypa Nicholson, 1879 in having rare autozooecial diaphragms and abundant acanthostyles and mesozooecia, and from Stigmatella Ulrich&amp; Bassler, 1904 in having abundant mesozooecia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFFE7E02FF35FB2AFB9DFE0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFFE7E00FCF1FE12FD1EFE0F.text	03A6D074FFFE7E00FCF1FE12FD1EFE0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leioclema arauzensis Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Leioclema arauzensis n. sp. (Fig. 11 B-G; Appendix)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.212.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — SMF 21.213- SMF 21.220.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to Arauz Sur, the locality where the new species was found.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian); Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains). Lower Devonian (Emsian); Altai Mountains, Russia. Lower Devonian (Pragian-Emsian); Mongolia.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Encrusting colonies; autozooecial diaphragms few to absent; 2-5 mesozooecia surrounding each aperture; 2-6 moderately large acanthostyles surrounding each aperture.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Encrusting colonies, 0.48-0.96mm in thickness.Autozooecia budding from a thin epitheca,briefly oriented parallel to the substrate, then bending sharply and intersecting the colony surface at right angles. Autozooecial apertures rounded-polygonal to petaloid due to indenting acanthostyles.Autozooecial diaphragms few to absent, thin, straight or slightly deflected proximally. Mesozooecia abundant, 2-5 surrounding each aperture, polygonal in cross section, slightly beaded, containing planar diaphragms.Acanthostyles moderately large, abundant, 2-6 surrounding each aperture, originating from the base of exozone, often indenting autozooecia,having distinct calcite cores and dark laminated sheaths.Walls granular, in endozone 0.010 -0.015 mm thick; in exozone 0.025 -0.065 mm thick, distinctly laminated. Maculae not observed.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Leioclema arauzensis n. sp. is similar to L. passitabulatum Duncan, 1939 from the Lower-Middle Devonian of USA and Europe, but differs in having fewer mesozooecia (2-5 vs 4-10 mesozooecia around autozooecial aperture in L. passitabulatum).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFFE7E00FCF1FE12FD1EFE0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFFC7E00FD1EFDB3FB81FBF4.text	03A6D074FFFC7E00FD1EFDB3FB81FBF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eridotrypella Duncan 1939	<div><p>Genus Eridotrypella Duncan, 1939</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Batostomella obliqua Ulrich, 1890, by subsequent designation (Duncan 1939). Middle Devonian; Michigan (USA).</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Silurian-?Carboniferous; worldwide.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Branched colonies.Autozooecial apertures irregularly polygonal.Autozooecial walls laminated, without distinct zooecial boundaries, irregularly thickened, containing spherules. Diaphragms complete, varying in number. Exilazooecia rare.Acanthostyles varying in size and number.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Eridotrypella Duncan, 1939 differs from Eostenopora Duncan, 1939 in colony form (ramose branched vs encrusting or massive colonies).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFFC7E00FD1EFDB3FB81FBF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFFC7E00FF3BFE12FB3FFDB1.text	03A6D074FFFC7E00FF3BFE12FB3FFDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leioclema multiacanthoporum	<div><p>Leioclema multiacanthoporum (Astrova in Astrova &amp; Yaroshinskaya, 1968) (Fig. 12 A-F; Appendix)</p> <p>Lioclema multiacanthoporum Astrova in Astrova &amp; Yaroshinskaya, 1968: 54, pl. 2, fig. 3. — Kopajevich 1984: 62, pl. 17, fig. 2.</p> <p>MATERIAL. — SMF 21.221- SMF 21.226.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Branched colonies, branches 1.8-3.1 mm in diameter, with 0.57-1.09 mm wide exozones and 0.66-0.92 mm wide endozones. Autozooecia budding from a thin epitheca, briefly oriented parallel to the substrate, then bending sharply and intersecting the colony surface at right angles. Autozooecial apertures rounded-polygonal to petaloid due to indenting acanthostyles. Autozooecial diaphragms rare to absent, thin, straight or slightly deflected proximally. Mesozooecia common, locally abundant, 2-5 surrounding each aperture, polygonal in cross section, slightly beaded, containing planar diaphragms. Acanthostyles moderately large, abundant, 4-9 surrounding each aperture, originating from the base of exozone, often indenting autozooecia, having distinct calcite cores and dark laminated sheaths. Walls granular, 0.010 -0.015 mm thick in endozones; distinctly laminated, 0.025 -0.065 mm thick in the exozone. Maculae not observed.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Leioclema multiacanthoporum is similar to L.elegans Ernst, 2008 from the Lower Devonian of Prague Basin and NW-Spain (Ernst 2011), but differs from the latter in having more abundant acanthostyles (4-9 vs 3-6 in L. elegans) and smaller distances between aperture centres (0.20 mm vs 0.26 mm in L. elegans on average).</p> <p>The Spanish material described here is more similar to the original description of Astrova (Astrova &amp; Yaroshinskaya 1968) than Mongolian material which differs in having thicker stems (5-10 mm vs 2-3 mm in material from Altai and Spain). Consequently, the Mongolian representatives of this species have a larger number of mesozooecia (4-9 vs 4-7 and 2-5 in Altai and Spanish material respectively).</p> <p>Suborder AMPLEXOPORINA Astrova, 1965</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFFC7E00FF3BFE12FB3FFDB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFFC7E06FD17FB6AFE03FB79.text	03A6D074FFFC7E06FD17FB6AFE03FB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eridotrypella validaeformis Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Eridotrypella validaeformis n. sp. (Figs 12 G-I; 13A-C; Appendix)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.227.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — SMF 21.228- SMF 21.237.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to the similarity with the species Eridotrypella valida Duncan, 1939. Type locality. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Ramose branched colonies with narrow, distinctly separated exozones; autozooecial diaphragms rare; exilazooecia rare; acanthostyles rare to common, up to 3 surrounding autozooecial apertures; maculae with slightly larger autozooecia.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Ramose branched colonies, branches 1.72-2.99mm in diameter. Exozones 0.36-0.72 mm wide, endozones 0.88-1.94 mm wide. Exozones distinctly separated from endozones. Secondary overgrowths occurring. Autozooecia polygonal in transverse section, long in endozones, bending sharply in exozones and intersecting colony surface at angles of 77-83°. Autozooecial apertures polygonal with rounded corners. Autozooecial diaphragms rare to common, straight, thin, occurring mainly in the distal parts of autozooecia. Exilazooecia rare, short, rounded-polygonal in cross section. Acanthostyles rare to common, up to 3 surrounding autozooecial apertures, moderately large, having distinct narrow cores and laminated sheaths. Autozooecial walls in endozones granular, locally crenulated, 0.005 - 0.010 mm thick; in exozones finely laminated, irregularly thickened, merged, containing spherules, 0.03-0.06 mm thick. Laminated cingulum locally developed, 0.005 -0.010 mm thick. Maculae consisting of slightly larger autozooecia.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Eridotrypella validaeformis n.sp. differs from E.valida Duncan, 1939 from the Middle Devonian of Michigan, in having thinner branches and smaller autozooecia (autozooecial aperture widths 0.12- 0.17 mm vs 0.21-0.25 mm in E. valida). Eridotrypella validaeformis n. sp. differs from E. minuta Morozova, 1961 from the Upper Devonian of Kuznetzk Basin, in having fewer acanthostyles and in the presence of maculae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFFC7E06FD17FB6AFE03FB79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFFA7E06FF63FAABFCACFD91.text	03A6D074FFFA7E06FF63FAABFCACFD91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptotrypella Vinassa de Regny 1921	<div><p>Genus Leptotrypella Vinassa de Regny, 1921</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Chaetetes barrandei Nicholson, 1874, by subsequent designation (Vinassa de Regny 1921). Middle Devonian; Ontario (Canada).</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Middle Silurian to Lower Carboniferous; worldwide.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Branched colonies. Autozooecia with polygonal to rounded-polygonal apertures. Autozooecial diaphragms lacking in endozones; rare to common in exozones. Exilazooecia rare. Acanthostyles long, common to abundant. Autozooecial walls granular, thin in endozones; laminated, irregularly thickened in exozones (modified after Astrova 1978).</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Leptotrypella Vinassa de Regny, 1921 differs from Leptotrypa Ulrich, 1883 in having branched colonies, and from Anomalotoechus Duncan, 1939 in having branched colonies and lacking diaphragms in endozones.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFFA7E06FF63FAABFCACFD91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFFA7E04FCF1FD94FDE5FD10.text	03A6D074FFFA7E04FCF1FD94FDE5FD10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptotrypella armata Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Leptotrypella armata n. sp. (Figs 13D, E; 14 A-F; Appendix)</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to the abundant and massive acanthostyles (derived from Latin “ armata ”= armoured)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.238.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — SMF 21.239- SMF 21.253, SMF 21.385.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Branched colonies with distinct endozones and exozones; autozooecial diaphragms absent in endozones, common to abundant, thin and straight in exozones; exilazooecia locally common; acanthostyles moderately large, abundant, 5-12 surrounding each autozooecial aperture; mural spines abundant; maculae not observed.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Branched colonies. Branches 0.81-1.35 mm in diameter. Exozones 0.24-0.48 mm wide, endozones 0.27-0.71 mm wide. Autozooecia long, having a polygonal shape in transverse section in endozones, bending sharply in exozones and intersecting colony surface at angles of 88-90°. Autozooecial apertures oval to slightly polygonal. Autozooecial diaphragms absent in endozones; common to abundant, thin, straight in exozones. Exilazooecia locally common, short, restricted to exozones, rounded to oval in cross section. Acanthostyles moderately large, varying in size, abundant, 5-12 surrounding each autozooecial aperture, growing from the base of the exozone, having distinct cores and laminated sheaths. Autozooecial walls in endozones granular, 0.010 -0.015 mm thick; in exozones laminated, merged, without distinct zooecial boundaries, 0.035 -0.070 mm thick. Mural spines abundant, 0.015 -0.020 mm in diameter. Maculae not observed.</p> <p>COMPARISON Leptotrypella armata n. sp. differs from L. elliptica Kopajevich, 1984 from the Middle-Upper Devonian of Mongolia, in having thinner branches (branch width 0.81-1.35 mm vs 2.0- 2.2 mm in L. elliptica), and smaller apertures (aperture width 0.05-0.10 mm vs 0.07-0.13 mm in L. elliptica).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFFA7E04FCF1FD94FDE5FD10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFF87E04FF0CFCB6FE3EFA7B.text	03A6D074FFF87E04FF0CFCB6FE3EFA7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthopora Hall 1886	<div><p>Genus Orthopora Hall, 1886</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Trematopora regularis Hall, 1874, by subsequent designation (Hall 1886). Lower Devonian; USA.</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Silurian to Carboniferous of North America, Europe andChina, Middle Permian of Oman.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Branched colonies. Autozooecia short, budding from more or less distinct medial axis in spiral order. Autozooecial diaphragms rare to absent. Both superior and inferior hemisepta commonly present; sometimes double hemisepta occurring; rarely hemisepta absent. Autozooecial apertures oval, arranged regularly in alternating rows on the colony surface. Walls granular in the endozone; laminated in exozone. Paurostyles abundant, prominent. Acanthostyles present, less abundant than paurostyles. Heterozooecia absent.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Orthopora Hall, 1886 differs from Trematella Hall, 1886 in lacking metazooecia and in the presence of well developed hemisepta.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFF87E04FF0CFCB6FE3EFA7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFF87E04FF1AF9EEFC25F93A.text	03A6D074FFF87E04FF1AF9EEFC25F93A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthopora spinosa Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Orthopora spinosa n. sp. (Figs 14 G-I; 15A-C; Appendix)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.254.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — SMF 21.255- SMF 21.293.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to the presence of abundant acanthostyles (derived from Latin “ spinosus ” – spiny).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Branched colonies; bifurcations common; both superior and inferior hemisepta well developed; paurostyles absent; acanthostyles abundant, arranged in single row between autozooecia, varying in size.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Branches 0.48-0.75 mm in diameter, with 0.19- 0.35 mm wide endozones and 0.14-0.22 mm wide exozones. Branch bifurcations common. Transverse sections of branches circular.Autozooecia short, growing in spiral pattern from the distinct median axis at angles of 35-51° in endozones, abruptly bending in exozones and intersecting colony surface at angles of 51-71°; having polygonal,tear-drop shape in transverse sections of endozone. Autozooecial diaphragms rare to absent. Long superior hemisepta present, curved proximally; inferior hemisepta long, positioned beneath superior hemisepta, curved distally.Autozooecial apertures oval, arranged regularly in alternating rows on the colony surface. Walls in the endozone granular, 0.005 -0.010 mm thick; in exozone laminated. Acanthostyles abundant, arranged in longitudinal rows between apertures, slightly varying in size, having narrow hyaline cores and wide laminated sheaths. Heterozooecia absent.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Orthopora spinosa n. sp. is similar to O. sincera Ernst, 2011 from the Lower to Middle Devonian of NW Spain but differs in having thinner branches (average branch width 0.62 mm vs 0.74 mm in O. sincera), and in the smaller and more widely spaced apertures (average aperture spacing along branch 0.28mm vs 0.36 mm in O. sincera). Orthopora spinosa n. sp. differs from O. tenuis Ernst, 2008 in having smaller autozooecial apertures (average aperture width 0.050 mm vs 0.076 mm in O. tenuis).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFF87E04FF1AF9EEFC25F93A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFF67E0AFF37FA2DFC19F93A.text	03A6D074FFF67E0AFF37FA2DFC19F93A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vidronovella elegantula Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Vidronovella elegantula n. sp. (Figs 15 D-I; 16A, B; Appendix)</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name “ elegantula ” refers to the small size and general delicate appearance of the new species (derived from Latin “elegans” = elegant).</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.294.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — SMF 21.295- SMF 21.412.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Branched colonies; bifurcation common; single superior and single inferior hemisepta well developed; paurostyles absent; 4-6 acanthostyles surrounding each autozooecial aperture; heterozooecia absent; mural spines absent.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Branches 0.59-0.96 mm in diameter, with 0.23- 0.49 mm wide endozones and 0.16-0.26 mm wide exozones. Branch bifurcation common. Transverse sections of branches circular. Autozooecia short, budding from distinct medial axis in spiral order at angles of 45-60°. Autozooecial diaphragms absent. Superior hemiseptum moderately long, hook-shaped, curved proximally; inferior hemiseptum long, slender, occupying two-thirds of body cavity of autozooecia, positioned beneath superior hemisepta, inclined distally, widened laterally. Autozooecial apertures oval, arranged regularly in alternating rows on the colony surface. Walls in the endozone granular, 0.005 -0.010 mm thick; laminated in exozone. Acanthostyles having distinct hyaline cores and wide laminated sheaths, regularly sized, single or two positioned between two longitudinally successive autozooecial apertures, 4-6 surrounding each aperture. Acanthostyles often sealed by a thick layer of laminated skeleton on the colony surface. Mural spines absent.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Vidronovella elegantula n. sp. differs from V. fastigiata Gorjunova, 2006 in having of 4-6 instead of 4 acanthostyles surrounding each autozooecial aperture, and from V. intricata Ernst, 2011 in the absence of mural spines and in the presence of single hemisepta instead of the double hemisepta found in V. intricata.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFF67E0AFF37FA2DFC19F93A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFF67E0AFF5FFF1FFE7DFA38.text	03A6D074FFF67E0AFF5FFF1FFE7DFA38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vidronovella Gorjunova 2006	<div><p>Genus Vidronovella Gorjunova, 2006</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Vidronovella fastigiata Gorjunova, 2006, by original designation. Late Devonian (Famennian); Afghanistan.</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Lower Devonian of Spain, Middle Devonian of Western Sahara and Germany, Upper Devonian of Afghanistan.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Colonies branched. Autozooecia tubular, short, budding from indistinct medial axis or short mesotheca in spiral order around the branch, oriented at high angles to the branch axis. Autozooecial diaphragms absent. Proximal part of autozooecia thickened in the outermost exozone (“fastigia” sensu Gorjunova 2006). Both superior and inferior hemisepta present, located in the distal part of autozooecia. Superior hemiseptum moderately long, hook-shaped, curved distally, positioned at the base of the thicken exozone (“fastigium” sensu Gorjunova 2006); inferior hemiseptum long, slender, occupying two-thirds of body cavity of autozooecia, positioned beneath superior hemisepta, curved distally. Secondary blunt hemisepta may occur, one proximally to the superior hemiseptum, and another one distally to the inferior hemiseptum. Autozooecial apertures oval to rounded-rhombic, arranged regularly in alternating rows on the colony surface. Acanthostyles large and blunt, with narrow hyaline cores and wide laminated sheaths, embedded in the skeleton. Single or two acanthostyles positioned between two longitudinally successive autozooecial apertures. Paurostyles occur in one species, irregularly distributed between acanthostyles. Heterozooecia absent. Walls granular in the endozone; laminated in exozone, becoming structureless near the colony surface. Mural spines may occur.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>The genus Vidronovella Gorjunova, 2006 is placed here in the family Rhabdomesidae Vine, 1884 because of the autozooecial shape as well as the presence of hemisepta and acanthostyles. Vidronovella is similar to Orthopora Hall, 1886, but differs from in the short autozooecia and the high budding angle of the autozooecia in the axial area.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFF67E0AFF5FFF1FFE7DFA38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFF47E08FF5CFA2CFC74FD53.text	03A6D074FFF47E08FF5CFA2CFC74FD53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rectifenestella Morozova 1974	<div><p>Genus Rectifenestella Morozova, 1974</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Fenestella medvedkensis Schulga-Nesterenko, 1951, by subsequent designation (Morozova 1974). Upper Carboniferous, Kasimovian-Stage; Russian Platform.</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Lower Devonian-Upper Permian.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Reticulate colonies consisting of fine to intermediately robust branches and straight dissepiments. Autozooecia triangular to pentagonal in mid tangential section. Superior hemisepta present; inferior hemisepta absent. Narrow keel with one row of intermediate nodes.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Rectifenestella differs from Laxifenestella Morozova, 1974 in the pentagonal shape of the autozooecia in mid tangential section and the absence of inferior hemisepta. Rectifenestella differs from Minilya Crockford, 1944 in the single row of nodes on the keel whereas Minilya has two alternating rows of small nodes on the wide keel.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFF47E08FF5CFA2CFC74FD53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFF47E08FF03FED0FDAEFA5B.text	03A6D074FFF47E08FF03FED0FDAEFA5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhomboporidae Simpson 1895	<div><p>Rhomboporidae sp. indet. (Figs 16 C-I; Appendix)</p> <p>MATERIAL. — SMF 21.313- SMF 21.314.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Branches 0.78-0.81 mm in diameter, with 0.23- 0.26 mm wide endozones and 0.25-0.30 mm wide exozones. Branch bifurcation not observed. Autozooecia short, growing in spiral pattern from the distinct median axis. Autozooecial diaphragms locally present, thin, curved. Hemisepta absent. Autozooecial apertures oval, arranged regularly in alternating rows on the colony surface. Walls in the endozone granular, 0.015 -0.020 mm thick; laminated in exozone. Acanthostyles absent. Paurostyles abundant, scattered between apertures. Aktinotostyles irregularly distributed. Metazooecia present, usually one between two longitudinally successive autozooecial apertures.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>This species shows similarities to the family Rhomboporidae Simpson, 1895 in the presence of aktinotostyles and paurostyles and in autozooecial shape. However, metazooecia are rare in all genera of Rhomboporidae. The present material differs from Rhombopora Meek, 1872 in lacking acanthostyles and in the regular presence of metazooecia, and from Saffordotaxis in the presence of metazooecia and paurostyles (aktinotostyles are the only styles present in Saffordotaxis).</p> <p>Order FENESTRATA Astrova &amp; Morozova, 1956 Suborder FENESTELLINA Astrova &amp; Morozova, 1956 Family FENESTELLIDAE King, 1849</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFF47E08FF03FED0FDAEFA5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFF47E0CFCEBFCD6FCC3FD30.text	03A6D074FFF47E0CFCEBFCD6FCC3FD30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rectifenestella exiliformis Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Rectifenestella exiliformis n. sp. (Figs 17 A-I; 18A-C; Appendix)</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.314.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — SMF 21.315- SMF 21.332.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to the similarity with the species R. exilis (Počta, 1894) from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) of Czech Republic.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Reticulate colonies with straight branches joined by moderately wide dissepiments; autozooecia pentagonal in mid tangential section, arranged in 2 alternating rows on branches, with an additional row shortly before bifurcations, 4-7 spaced per length of a fenestrule; axial wall zigzag; peristomes containing 10-15 variously sized nodes, with 3-6 larger than the others; fenestrules oval to rectangular; keels wide, low, with widely spaced, stellate nodes; microacanthostyles abundant; large styles present on the reverse colony surface.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Reticulate colonies with straight branches, bifurcating, joined by dissepiments. Autozooecia arranged in 2 alternating rows on branches, with additional row shortly before bifurcation, having circular apertures with moderately high peristomes, 4-7 spaced per length of a fenestrule. Peristomes containing 10-15 variously sized nodes, of which 3-6 are significantly larger than the others. Smaller nodes 0.010 -0.015 mm in diameter, larger nodes 0.020 -0.030 mm in diameter. Fenestrules oval to rectangular. Median keel wide, low. Keel nodes widely spaced, granular core stellate in shape. Microacanthostyles on the colony surface abundant, regularly spaced in longitudinal rows, 0.01-0.02mm in diameter. Large styles irregularly spaced on the reverse colony surface, 0.03-0.06 mm in diameter.</p> <p>Interior description</p> <p>Autozooecia pentagonal in mid tangential section; with well-developed long vestibule; axial wall zigzag; aperture positioned at distal end of chamber. Autozooecial chambers diverging laterally at angles of 42-70°. Superior hemisepta indistinct; inferior hemisepta absent. Internal granular skeleton continuous with obverse keel, nodes, peristome and across dissepiments, 0.020 -0.045 mm thick on the branch reverse wall. Outer lamellar skeleton well developed, 0.015 -0.060 mm thick on the branch reverse wall. Terminal diaphragms common.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Rectifenestella exiliformis n. sp. is similar to R. exilis (Počta, 1894) from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) of Czech Republic, but differs in having thicker branches (average branch width 0.31 mm vs 0.21 mm in R.exilis), more closely spaced autozooecial apertures (average distance between aperture centres 0.18 mm vs 0.23 mm in R. exilis), and more widely spaced branches and dissepiments. Furthermore, R. exilis (Počta, 1894) has a row of small nodes on the keel instead of the large stellate nodes seen in R. exiliformis. Fenestella aff. parallela Hall, 1881 described by Ernst et al. (2011: 318-320, figs 8e-g, 9a-d) has a similar peristome morphology with variously sized nodes and stellate nodes on the median keel. However, this species has rectangular shaped autozooecia in mid tangential section and a smaller number of autozooecia per fenestrule (2-4 in Fenestella aff. parallela vs 4-7 in R. exiliformis). Fenestella (Rectifenestella) asterogrumosa Waschurova, 1964 from the Lower Devonian (?Emsian) of Tajikistan has a similar peristome morphology, stellate nodes on the keel and pentagonal shaped autozooecia in mid tangential section. However, this species lacks styles on the reverse surface and has 2-3 autozooecia per fenestrule length instead of 4-7 in R.exiliformis. Waschurova (1964: 80) mentioned 7-20 apertural nodes 0.005 -0.015 mm in diameter,without stressing variation in size. Figure 1 on Waschurova’s plate 27 shows some significantly larger nodes in the aperture, however.</p> <p>The present material is placed in Rectifenestella Morozova, 1974 because of the autozooecial chamber shape and character of the meshwork. However, the morphology of the peristome with variously sized nodes is quite unusual for Rectifenestella, which usually has stellate structures consisting of 8 rays in the apertures.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFF47E0CFCEBFCD6FCC3FD30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFF07E33FCECFD35FEE3FCB2.text	03A6D074FFF07E33FCECFD35FEE3FCB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemitrypa Phillips 1841	<div><p>Genus Hemitrypa Phillips, 1841</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Hemitrypa oculata Phillips, 1841, by original designation. Devonian; Barton, South Devon, England.</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Lower Devonian to Middle Permian; worldwide.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Reticulate colonies, conical or fan-shaped, planar or longitudinally pleated, frontal surface exterior if conical. Branches intermediate in width, linear to moderately sinuous, closely or intermediately spaced, dichotomously divided. Two rows of autozooecia per branch, increasing to four rows proximal of branch bifurcations in some species; low straight to sinuous central keel on obverse side of branch with high nodes, composed of core of granular skeleton and sheath of laminar skeleton. Laminar wall extensions of keel nodes fused together forming a fine meshwork of polygonal openings, each opening centred over a zooecial aperture in the branch below. Axial wall between autozooecial rows zigzag in tangential sections; zooecia not strongly inflated laterally, commonly quadrangular or pentagonal in tangential section deep within endozone, less commonly elongate triangular or semicircular, pentagonal to bean-shaped in shallower endozone; maximum diameter of zooecia corresponds with either length or height; transverse walls at intermediate or high angle to reverse wall; superior hemisepta absent or weakly developed, other interior structures absent. Small- to large-diameter distal tube typically short, opening frontally or slightly inclined laterally and perhaps distally; apertural peristome present or absent; terminal diaphragms planar where present, with central boss in some species. Heterozooecia are isolated zooecia with enlarged endozonal chambers (?gynozooecia) present in proximal parts of colonies, or spherically inflated distal tubes with diameters greater than branch width (? brood chambers). Zooecial walls of granular material that may be absent on obverse side near apertures; laminar extrazooecial skeleton traversed by small to moderate microstyles (modified after F. K. McKinney, pers. comm. 2007).</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Hemitrypa Phillips, 1841 is similar to Pseudounitrypa Nekhoroshev, 1926, but differs from it in the composition of the superstructure. The superstructure of Hemitrypa is produced by laminar wall extensions of keel nodes forming a meshwork of polygonal openings which are centred over zooecial apertures in the branch below, whereas openings in Pseudounitrypa are centred over the branches and terminate laterally over the centres of the fenestrules where the superstructural elements from adjacent branches meet and fuse.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFF07E33FCECFD35FEE3FCB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFCF7E33FF74FCB6FC7BFB56.text	03A6D074FFCF7E33FF74FCB6FC7BFB56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemitrypa lasutkiniae Waschurova 1964	<div><p>Hemitrypa lasutkiniae Waschurova, 1964 (Figs 18D, E; 19 A-F; Appendix)</p> <p>Hemitrypa devonica Nekhoroshev subsp. lasutkiniae Waschurova, 1964: 85, pl. 27, figs 3-5.</p> <p>MATERIAL. — SMF 21.333- SMF 21.360.</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Lower Devonian (?Emsian); Tajikistan. Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian); Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Reticulate colonies with straight branches joined by dissepiments. Autozooecia arranged in two alternating rows on branches, having circular apertures with low peristomes, two spaced per length of a fenestrule. Peristomes smooth. Fenestrules oval to rectangular, varying in size. Openings in the superstructure irregularly shaped, rounded to petaloid, corresponding to positions of apertures, 0.10-0.14 mm in diameter. Superstructure containing small styles, 0.010 -0.015 mm in diameter. Internal granular skeleton continuous with obverse keel, nodes, peristome and across dissepiments, 0.02- 0.04 mm thick on the branch reverse wall. Outer lamellar skeleton well developed, 0.035 -0.050 mm thick on the branch reverse wall. Reverse colony surface containing large, irregularly sized nodes, 0.030 -0.075 mm in diameter. Heterozooecia not observed.</p> <p>Interior description</p> <p>Autozooecia triangular to trapezoidal or pentagonal in mid tangential section; low and elongated, with short vestibule in longitudinal section, diverging laterally at angles of 42-70°. Axial wall between autozooecial rows zigzag in tangential sections; aperture positioned at distal end of chamber. Hemisepta absent.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>The present material is similar to Hemitrypa lasutkiniae Waschurova, 1964 from the Lower Devonian (?Emsian) of Tajikistan, in having large nodes on the reverse side, the shape of the autozooecia and the size of the elements of the meshwork. Hemitrypa lasutkinae is similar to H. kulalica Waschurova, 1964 (Waschurova 1964: 83, 84, pl. 6, fig. 4) in general morphology and the presence of nodes on the reverse surface, but differs in having slightly larger fenestrules and smaller openings of the protecting superstructure (0.10-0.14 mm vs 0.17 mm in H. kulalica). Furthermore, Hemitrypa lasutkinae is similar to H. favosa Hall, 1881 from the upper Helderberg Group (Lower Devonian, Emsian) of Canada, but differs from the latter in the presence of nodes on the reverse side. The internal morphology of H. favosa is not known.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFCF7E33FF74FCB6FC7BFB56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFCF7E32FCE3FA8BFE95FC74.text	03A6D074FFCF7E32FCE3FA8BFE95FC74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tectulipora Hall 1888	<div><p>Genus Tectulipora Hall, 1888</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. — Fenestella (Hemitrypa) lata Hall, 1883, by subsequent designation (Hall 1888). Middle Devonian; Canada, Ontario.</p> <p>OCCURRENCE. — Lower to Upper Devonian of North America and Eurasia.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Reticulate colonies, conical or fan-shaped, planar or longitudinally pleated, frontal surface exterior if conical. Branches wide, moderately sinuous, closely or intermediately spaced, dichotomously divided. Two rows of autozooecia per branch. Straight to sinuous, high club-shaped median keel on obverse side of branch, composed of core of granular skeleton and sheath of laminar skeleton. Axial wall between autozooecial rows straight in tangential sections, continuing unbroken in superstructure; superstructure corresponding with underlying branches and dissepiments or with autozooecial apertures, consisting of laterally expanded laths borne on continuous skeletal sheets from branches and dissepiments. Autozooecia not strongly inflated laterally, commonly rectangular in deep tangential section; transverse walls at intermediate or high angle to reverse wall; hemisepta absent. Intermediate- to large-diameter short distal tube, opening frontally or slightly inclined laterally; apertural peristome present or absent; terminal diaphragms planar where present, with central boss in some species. Laminar extrazooecial skeleton traversed by small to moderate microstyles.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Unitrypa Hall, 1885 differs from Loculipora Hall, 1885 in having less sinuous branches which are joined by dissepiments instead of anastomoses in Loculipora. Transverse connections in the superstructure of Unitrypa do not contact with dissepiments, whereas the superstructure in Loculipora is produced by extensions of both median keels and dissepiments.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFCF7E32FCE3FA8BFE95FC74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
03A6D074FFCE7E30FF37FBE8FDD3FB17.text	03A6D074FFCE7E30FF37FBE8FDD3FB17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tectulipora tuberculata Ernst & Fernández & Fernández-Martínez & Vera 2012	<div><p>Tectulipora tuberculata n. sp. (Figs 19G, H; 20 A-H; Appendix)</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. — The species name refers to the presence of abundant large nodes, present both on the branches and superstructure.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE. — SMF 21.361.</p> <p>PARATYPES. — SMF 21.362- SMF 21.380.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY. — Arauz Sur (Arroyo section), Province of Palencia, NW-Spain (Cantabrian Mountains).</p> <p>TYPE HORIZON. — Lebanza Formation, Lower Devonian (Pragian).</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. — Reticulate colonies, conical, frontal surface exterior; autozooecia arranged in two weakly alternating rows on branches, 4-7 spaced per length of a fenestrule; autozooecial chambers rectangular in mid tangential section, short and relatively high, with moderately short vestibules; axial wall straight; hemisepta absent; terminal diaphragms planar; fenestrules oval to rectangular; superstructure produced by straight high club-shaped median keel, corresponding with underlying branches, outer lamellar skeleton well developed, traversed by small microstyles; large, irregularly sized nodes on reverse colony surface and on the protective superstructure; heterozooecia not observed.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Reticulate colonies, conical, frontal surface exterior. Branches intermediate in width, straight, intermediately spaced, dichotomously divided, joined by straight wide dissepiments. Autozooecia arranged in two weakly alternating rows on branches, having circular apertures with low peristomes, 4-7 spaced per length of a fenestrule. Fenestrules oval to rectangular, varying in size. Straight high clubshaped median keel on obverse side of branches, composed of core of granular skeleton and sheath of laminar skeleton; superstructure corresponding with underlying branches, consisting of laterally expanded laths borne on continuous skeletal sheets from branches and dissepiments.</p> <p>Internal granular skeleton continuous with obverse keel, nodes, peristome and across dissepiments, 0.015 -0.055 mm thick on the branch reverse wall. Outer lamellar skeleton well developed, 0.055 - 0.170 mm thick on the branch reverse wall, traversed by small microstyles. Reverse colony surface containing large, irregularly sized nodes, 0.03- 0.09 mm in diameter. Similar nodes occurring on the protective superstructure, 0.03-0.05 mm in diameter. Heterozooecia not observed.</p> <p>Interior description</p> <p>Autozooecial chambers rectangular in mid tangential section, short and relatively high, with moderately short vestibules. Axial wall between autozooecial rows straight in tangential sections, continuing unbroken in superstructure. Hemisepta absent. Terminal diaphragms planar.</p> <p>COMPARISON</p> <p>Tectulipora tuberculata n.sp. is similar to T. pannosa (Počta, 1894) from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) of Czech Republic and to T. conjunctiva (Hall, 1881) from the Lower Devonian of Canada in general morphology and dimensions of the meshwork, but differs from them in having large nodes on the reverse colony surface. Unitrypa tuberculata n.sp. is also similar to Isotrypa (Tectulipora) sibirica Krasnopeeva subsp. communis Waschurova, 1964 (Waschurova 1964: 100, pl. 21, fig. 3) in general morphology and in the presence of nodes on the reverse colony surface and on the superstructure. However, the latter species has narrower branches (branch width 0.31 vs 0.28-0.49 mm in present material), and smaller fenestrules (fenestrule width 0.23 vs 0.20-0.42 mm and fenestrule length 0.31- 0.54 vs 0.69-1.05 mm in present material).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6D074FFCE7E30FF37FBE8FDD3FB17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ernst, Andrej;Fernández, Luis Pedro;Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza;Vera, Carmen	Ernst, Andrej, Fernández, Luis Pedro, Fernández-Martínez, Esperanza, Vera, Carmen (2012): Description of a bryozoan fauna from mud mounds of the Lebanza Formation (Lower Devonian) in the Arauz area (Pisuerga-Carrión Province, Cantabrian Zone, NW Spain). Geodiversitas 34 (4): 693-738, DOI: 10.5252/g2012n4a1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2012n4a1
