identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0398622AFFE62434F290FC7BF85EFEE0.text	0398622AFFE62434F290FC7BF85EFEE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pedroi Busutil & García-Hernández & Díaz & Pomponi 2018	<div><p>Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pedroi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1a–e, 2a–d)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: ANC 0 2.034, Cuba, Joint Cuba – U.S. Expedition R/ V F.G. Walton Smith, site C– 12A, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.962654&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.868605" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.962654/lat 21.868605)">Faro Roncali</a> (W coast, Cuba), 21.868604° N 84.962657° W, depth 62.5 m, mesophotic coral reef, 22 May 2017, Collectors: M. C. Díaz &amp; L. Busutil.</p><p>Description. External morphology: Delicate cylindrical branches (3–6 mm in diameter, 10–14 cm long) that rarely anastomose, smooth surface to the naked eye, microconulose when observed microscopically (Fig. 1a–e). No distinct base, but specimens attach to the substrate at a few points. Oscules 1–3 mm in diameter (Fig. 1d–e), oval and flush with the surface, separated by 3–4 mm, arranged in rows on one side of the branch. The diameter at the tips sharply decreases, ending always in a pointed, bent end. Color light reddish to pink externally, tan internally. Tan in alcohol. Smooth surface, but rough to the touch. Soft, flimsy in consistency. No sand or foreign material on the surface. Subdermal round cavities (0.5–1 mm), abundant throughout the body, are evident to the naked eye (Fig. 1d).</p><p>Spicules: Fusiform oxeas (Fig. 2d), 60– 82.4 –100 x 1.25– 2.5 –5 µm.</p><p>Skeleton: Ectosome and choanosome have well–developed primary and secondary tangential fibers (Fig. 2a– c); no tertiaries can be distinguished. Primary fibers (20–40 µm in diameter); secondary fibers (10–15 µm in diameter). In the ectosome, large meshes (120–425 µm in diameter) and smaller meshes (50–350 µm). In the choanosome, a longitudinal section of the branch shows a peripheral condensation of the skeleton, with regular and condensed meshes at the surface that become more variable towards the interior of the branch. Meshes are angular, with various shapes ranging from triangular, to square or polygonal. Large primary meshes range from 200–500 µm diameter, while smaller secondary meshes are 40–330 µm. All fibers are cored, primaries with 1–6 spicules, and secondaries with 1–3 spicules (Fig. 2c). The presence of a peripheral condensation of the reticulation, and overall skeletal morphology indicates the closeness of this species with the subgenus Callyspongia Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864 .</p><p>Distribution and ecology. Northwest, west, southwest, southeast and northeast coasts of Cuba (Table 2), mesophotic coral reef, depth range 44.4–102.4 m. At site C–50 (Table 1, depth 91.1 m) another specimen of similar size (12 cm long) and pink in color, similar to the holotype (Fig. 1b), was observed but not collected.</p><p>Remarks. Based on external morphology, primarily the delicate nature of the branches, Callyspongia (C.) pedroi sp. nov. is similar to Callyspongia arcesiosa De Laubenfels, 1936 and Callyspongia (C.) densasclera Lehnert &amp; Van Soest, 1999 . However, Callyspongia (C.) pedroi sp. nov. differs from Callyspongia arcesiosa by the larger size of its fibers, and the diameter of the meshes that are at least double in size. The spicules of Callyspongia (C.) pedroi sp. nov. are 30% of the size of the spicules of Callyspongia (C.) densasclera, which is also described as having an abnormally dense conglomeration of spicules (measuring 184–232 x 6.5–8 µm) in the fibers, a fact not observed for Callyspongia (C.) pedroi sp. nov. Callyspongia (C.) densasclera has hastate oxeas, occasionally styles, while in Callyspongia (C.) pedroi sp. nov., oxeas are always fusiform (Tables 3, 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398622AFFE62434F290FC7BF85EFEE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Busutil, Linnet;García-Hernández, María R.;Díaz, M. Cristina;Pomponi, Shirley A.	Busutil, Linnet, García-Hernández, María R., Díaz, M. Cristina, Pomponi, Shirley A. (2018): Mesophotic sponges of the genus Callyspongia (Demospongiae, Haplosclerida) from Cuba, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4466 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.9
0398622AFFE82430F290F8F1F877FA45.text	0398622AFFE82430F290F8F1F877FA45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callyspongia (Cladochalina) alcoladoi Busutil & García-Hernández & Díaz & Pomponi 2018	<div><p>Callyspongia (Cladochalina) alcoladoi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 3a–e, 4a–d)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: ANC 0 2.035, Cuba, Joint Cuba – U.S. Expedition R/V F.G. Walton Smith, site C– 53B, Punta del Fraile (NW Punta Maisí, Eastern tip of Cuba), 20.323166° N 74.232412° W, depth 51.5 m, mesophotic coral reef, 5 June 2017, Collectors: M.C. Díaz &amp; L. Busutil.</p><p>Description. External morphology: Delicate, smooth ropey and cylindrical branches (3–8 mm in diameter, 20– 30 cm long), profusely branching and anastomosing, with a few spiny projections (2–4 mm wide, 2–4 cm long) that occasionally arise from the branches. The diameter is variable along the length of the branches, sharply decreasing at the tips, ending always in pointed ends (Fig. 3a–e). No distinct base, but specimens fixed to the substrate in two or three points. Oscules (1–2 mm in diameter) round and slightly sunken in relation to the surface (Fig. 3d–e), located in rows on one side of the branch, at variable positions (0.2–2 cm apart). Color gray-pinkish externally, tan internally. Tan in alcohol. Very smooth surface, visually and to the touch. Firm but compressible in consistency. No sand or foreign material on the surface. Abundant subdermal round cavities (0.25–0.8 mm) throughout the sponge are visible to the naked eye (Fig. 3d).</p><p>Spicules: Oxeas (Fig. 4d), mostly mucronate, few fusiform, 67.6– 73.3 – 85 x 1.5– 2.3 –3 µm.</p><p>Skeleton: Ectosome well–developed primary, secondary and tertiary tangential reticulation (Fig. 4 a–c). Primary fibers (30–150 µm in diameter), secondary fibers (15–30 µm) and tertiary fibers (8–16 µm), with primary meshes (80–250 µm), secondary meshes (70–210 µm) and tertiary meshes (30–70 µm). In the choanosome, a longitudinal section of the branch shows primary fibers (30–110 µm in diameter) that run longitudinally along the branches and are connected by secondary fibers (8–25 µm). Primaries occasionally anastomose forming wide, large meshes (60–500 µm), while secondary or smaller, more abundant meshes (40–200 µm) occur within them. Meshes are angular with various shapes ranging from triangular, to square or polygonal. Only primary and secondary fibers are cored, primaries with 1–6 spicules, and secondaries with 1–2 spicules (Fig. 4c). The pronounced development of a tertiary reticulation in the ectosome suggests the inclusion of this species in the subgenus Cladochalina Carter, 1885, despite the smooth surface of this species.</p><p>Distribution and ecology. East wall of Bahía de Cochinos (S coast of Cuba) and Punta del Fraile (NW Punta Maisí, Eastern tip of Cuba)(Table 2), mesophotic coral reef, depth range: 51.5–73.4 m. A larger specimen (approx. 1 m long) highly ramified and yellowish in color (Fig. 3b) was observed but not collected.</p><p>Remarks. Callyspongia (C.) alcoladoi sp. nov. does not represent the typical Cladochalina, which is characterized, by having the primaries forming bundles or fibrofascicles, and usually have species with spinose surface projections (i.e. mention here a couple of common Cladochalina species with spiny projections). However, the highly developed tertiary reticulation in the ectosome (typical among Cladochalina species), and the lack of a peripheral condensation in the reticle typical of the subgenus Callyspongia support the closer similarity of Callyspongia (C.) alcoladoi sp. nov. to this subgenus. The occasional spinose projections observed in Callyspongia (C.) alcoladoi sp. nov. may represent certain similarity to the spinose projections found in Cladochalina species. A comparative molecular study is necessary to validate the phylogenetic value of the current subgenera classification and the evolutionary relationships within the Callyspongia genus.</p><p>Callyspongia (C.) pedroi sp. nov., Callyspongia (C.) alcoladoi sp. nov. and Callyspongia (C.) strongylophora Hartman, 1955 have similar characteristics, such as lack of a distinct base, and branches with oscules arranged in rows. However, Callyspongia (C.) strongylophora forms a tangled mass of irregularly anastomosing and dividing branches, with strongylote spicules, while the other two species are branching, rarely anastomosing, and have oxeas as spicules (Tables 3, 4).</p><p>Callyspongia (C.) alcoladoi sp. nov. and Callyspongia (C.) scutica Van Soest, 2017 are close in morphology, due to their smooth surface and pointed ends of the branches, but Callyspongia (C.) scutica branches are often somewhat flattened, with a tendency to have the branches in one plane, while Callyspongia (C.) alcoladoi sp. nov. has cylindrical branches, and branches in multiple planes. Furthermore, the primaries of Callyspongia (C.) alcoladoi sp. nov. in the ectosome are much thicker than those ones of Callyspongia (C.) scutica, and the fusiform oxeas are much larger in Callyspongia (C.) scutica (Tables 3, 4).</p><p>Etymology. Both species are dedicated to Dr. Pedro M. Alcolado, who dedicated his life to the study of marine sponges and made important contributions to the knowledge of Caribbean sponge taxonomy and ecology.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398622AFFE82430F290F8F1F877FA45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Busutil, Linnet;García-Hernández, María R.;Díaz, M. Cristina;Pomponi, Shirley A.	Busutil, Linnet, García-Hernández, María R., Díaz, M. Cristina, Pomponi, Shirley A. (2018): Mesophotic sponges of the genus Callyspongia (Demospongiae, Haplosclerida) from Cuba, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4466 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.9
0398622AFFE6243BF290FE09F8CFFCF0.text	0398622AFFE6243BF290FE09F8CFFCF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864	<div><p>Genus Callyspongia Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864</p><p>Type species: Callyspongia fallax Duchassaing &amp; Michelotti, 1864 (by subsequent designation; Burton 1934).</p><p>Diagnosis: Growth form varying greatly, from massive to ramose, lamellate, foliaceous to infundibuliform, tubular or lobate, repent or erect. Ectosomal skeleton a tangential network formed by secondary and, in places, finer tertiary fibers (triple mesh ectosomal layer), or less ramified and with regular size of mesh (single mesh ectosomal layer). Choanosomal skeleton, a well–developed network of primary longitudinal fibers, fasciculated or non– fasciculated, spongin sheath always present. Primary fibers ramified to form secondary and tertiary fine fibers and a tertiary choanosomal network, or non–ramified, connected by short, parallel, non–ramified, secondary fibers. There may be a peripheral condensation of the choanosomal skeleton (Desqueyroux– Faúndez &amp; Valentine 2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398622AFFE6243BF290FE09F8CFFCF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Busutil, Linnet;García-Hernández, María R.;Díaz, M. Cristina;Pomponi, Shirley A.	Busutil, Linnet, García-Hernández, María R., Díaz, M. Cristina, Pomponi, Shirley A. (2018): Mesophotic sponges of the genus Callyspongia (Demospongiae, Haplosclerida) from Cuba, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4466 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.9
