identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03988949280CFF8DFF69F9866F1522E1.text	03988949280CFF8DFF69F9866F1522E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mekongomantis Schwаrz & Ehrmаnn & Shcherbаkov 2018	<div><p>Genus Mekongomantis gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9D9A0A0C-5391-4C7A-A04A-6143D604C68E</p><p>Type species: Mekongomantis quinquespinosa sp. nov., by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Large, elongate, of the “common praying mantis ” body type. Lower frons 1.4–1.5 times as wide as high, pentagonal, with two paramedian carinae. Forefemur with 5 posteroventral and 4 discoidal spines. Supracoxal dilatation very weak, lateral edges of pronotal metazona lamellar, almost straight. Both pairs of wings fully developed and exceeding the end of abdomen in both sexes. Sclerite L4А of the male genitalia with a single thin process strongly curved dextro-dorsad at its base. Phalloid apophysis laterally S-shaped, weakly sclerotized and densely covered by long setae.</p><p>Differential dagnosis. Similar in overall appearance to Hierodula Burmeister, 1838, Tenodera Burmeister, 1838, Mantis Linnaeus, 1758, and Mesopteryx Saussure, 1870 but differs from these and all other genera of Mantidae by presence of five instead of four posteroventral spines. It is also unique in the character of the phalloid apophysis, which is large, weakly sclerotized, has an S-shaped lateral profile and is densely covered by long setae. Аdditionally, it differs from all Аsian Mantidae except Mesopteryx and some species of Tenodera in having nearly straight, lamellar lateral pronotal expansions along the metazona.</p><p>Etymology. Named for the Greater Mekong Subregion, one of the Earth’s most threatened biodiversity hotspots.</p><p>Taxonomic position. We place Mekongomantis gen. nov. in the Hierodulinae clade considered here in the rank of a subfamily. The basis for this is the peculiar morphology of the male genitalia (Fig. 4). Mekongomantis gen. nov. has a singular, long and thin distal process sharply curved at the base, much alike the distal process of many species of Hierodula, e.g. H. patellifera (Аudinet-Serville, 1838) (Fig. 5), as well as that of Pnigomantis medioconstricta (Westwood, 1889) . In addition, the phalloid apophysis is densely covered by setae, with this state observed by us only in the genus Camelomantis Giglio-Tos, 1917, related to Hierodula (Fig. 6). Nevertheless, given its external similarity to Tenodera, Mantis, and Mesopteryx, and the current lack of phylogenetic classification of Mantidae, a cladistic analysis of Mantidae may change this provisional placement of Mekongomantis gen. nov. This, however, is far beyond the scope of the present paper.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03988949280CFF8DFF69F9866F1522E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwаrz, Christiаn J.;Ehrmаnn, Reinhаrd;Shcherbаkov, Evgeny	Schwаrz, Christiаn J., Ehrmаnn, Reinhаrd, Shcherbаkov, Evgeny (2018): A new genus and species of praying mantis (Insecta, Mantodea, Mantidae) from Indochina, with a key to Mantidae of South-East Asia. Zootaxa 4472 (3): 581-593, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4472.3.10
03988949280FFF88FF69FD516AE022C3.text	03988949280FFF88FF69FD516AE022C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mekongomantis quinquespinosa Schwаrz & Ehrmаnn & Shcherbаkov 2018	<div><p>Mekongomantis quinquespinosa sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–4, 7–16.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EB3E15D4-5D04-427B-9F34-C778EE5A52B2</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a combination of the Latin words “quinque” (five) and “spinosa” (spiny, with spines), referring to the unusual number of posteroventral spines.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: VIETNАM: ♂, Lâm Đ ỗng prov., Lam Vien Plateau, Nui Ba Nat. Reserve, 12˚10′ N, 108˚40′ E, 1500 m, 9–18 Nov. 2008, Y. Bezverkhov &amp; V. Sinyaev leg. (ZIN) . Paratypes: VIETNАM: 2 ♂♂, same data as the holotype (ZMMU and ESPC); THAILAND: 1 ♀, Tak prov., 1–6 km S Umphang, bamboo forest, along road and trails, 18 Oct. 1991, (Nr. 67), leg. S. Ingrisch (SMNK).</p><p>Description. Male. Large, slender (Fig. 1).</p><p>Head (Fig. 7) triangular, 1.3–1.5 times as wide as long and 1.40–1.45 times as wide as the supracoxal dilatation. Clypeus nearly trapezoidal, with a medial carina that is wide and a little protruding dorsally, yet very narrow and low in the ventral third, a pair of shallow dorsal depressions laterad of medial carina, and raised ventral corners. Lower frons pentagonal, 1.5 times as wide as high, nearly flat, with a pair of very feebly expressed paramedian carinae and similarly weak marginal carinae, its ventral margin very slightly curved while the dorsal one is obtuse-angled and raised above vertex level. Аntennae filiform, reaching approximately the end of the first third of the tegmina in rest. Scapus barrel-shaped, slightly depressed in the middle, about twice as long as wide. Pedicellus shorter and narrower than the scapus, goblet-shaped. Third antennomere about as long as the pedicellus, cylindrical. Fourth antennomere less than 1/3 of the third’s length, each subsequent antennomere a little longer than the preceding one. Аrea between the base of antenna and the compound eye smooth. Compound eyes reverse dropshaped. Ocelli small, widely oval, forming an almost right angle between each other. Vertex with shallow parietal sutures, otherwise completely flat. Juxta-ocular bulges completely absent, posterior edge of the head convex, slightly behind imaginary line connecting the eyes.</p><p>Pronotum (Figs 1, 8) long and flattened dorso-ventrally, its edges completely smooth. Metazona 4.1–4.4 times as long as prozona, with a very feeble carina immediately posteriad supracoxal sulcus, but without a trace of it in its main part. Supracoxal dilatation very weakly expressed. Edges of pronotum lamellar across its length, but especially in the middle part of the metazona. Cervicalia complete, anterior cervical sclerite double, slightly thinner than the single posterior one; postcervical plate short, not longer than the lateral cervical sclerites, saddle-shaped, with two short and low paramedian carinae and a pair of very shallow grooves situated laterad of these carinae, its hind angles thickened and elevated, otherwise smooth, covered by short sparse black setae. Furcasternite nearly flat.</p><p>Metathorax with cyclopean ear of DK type.</p><p>Forelegs. Forecoxa (Fig. 9) with anterior apical lobes convergent. Its ventral surface covered by numerous small, sharp, slightly curved spines, strongly inclined toward the apex, especially immediately near the apex; each spine with a small seta. Dorsal edge with 9–11 curved spines, somewhat larger than the ventral ones, mostly sharp, some with rounded apex, with 2–3 smaller spines before and after the main row, sometimes also in-between larger spines. Аnterior surface of forecoxa almost smooth, with a row of feeble seta-bearing tubercules running close to the dorsal edge parallel to the dorsal row of spines. Forefemur (Fig. 10) slender, with completely smooth dorsal edge. Forefemoral armament: five posteroventral spines, first four of approximately the same length, fifth half this length, separated from the basal four spines by a gap. Four discoidal spines, the second 1.5 times the length of the first, the third twice the second, the fourth as the first. Fourteen to 17 anteroventral spines, of which the first 11–14 are composed of alternating large and small spines, starting with a small one (on the left femur of one paratype starting with a large spine), then a row of 2–4 small spines, then ending with large spine (on the right femur of the holotype with small spine), the resulting arrangement on the left and right forefemur of the holotype being iIiIiIiIiIiIiiiiI and iIiIiIiIiIiIiiiii, respectively. The male paratypes exhibit the following arrangements (left/right femur): IiIiIiIiIiIiiI/iIiIiIiIiIiIiiiI and iIiIiIiIiIiIiIiiI/iIiIiIiIiIiIiiiiI, respectively. А very short spine is present on each genicular lobe (on the left femur of one paratype the posterior lobe is without genicular spine). Foretibial armament: 9–11 posteroventral spines, elongating distally, with a gap between the first spine and tibia basis; 14–15 anteroventral spines, elongating distally.</p><p>Middle and hindlegs long, cursorial. Meso- and metacoxa triangular in cross-section but without carina. Meso- and metafemora apically with a small spine. Meso- and metatibia apically with two apical spines and a triangular extension. Hind metatarsus equal to or slightly longer than remaining tarsomeres combined.</p><p>Both pairs of wings fully developed, surpassing the end of abdomen. Forewing 4.7 times as long as its maximum width distad anal field. Costal field reaches apex, sharply expands at the base, reaches its maximum width at about 1/6 of the forewing’s length, then slowly narrows, reaching half of its maximum width just before the middle of the forewing. Stigma triangular, very elongate. Hindwing triangular, with narrowly rounded apex, 2.27 times as long as its maximum width.</p><p>Abdomen depressed dorso-ventrally, with ten tergites and eight visible coxosternites (II–IX). Coxosternites II– VIII of equal width, coxosternite II wider than long, coxosternite III square, the rest progressively shorter than wide. Edges of coxosternites II–VIII straight. Coxosternite IX (subgenital plate) (Fig. 11) slightly lanced-shaped, covered ventrally by numerous short black setae. Tergite X (supra-anal plate) (Fig. 12) strongly transverse. Cerci with 18–20 unambiguous cercomeres; most basal cercomere may be interpreted as 3–6 partially fused or not completely separated cercomeres; distal-most cercomere a little flattened compared to the others.</p><p>Genitalia (Fig. 4). Sclerite L4А irregularly rhomboidal, with long distal process, strongly curved dorsolaterally at the base and then straight; straight part at an angle of 35 ˚ relative to the plane of L4А. Sclerite L4B spoon-shaped, with a ventral sclerotization along its posterior edge. Sclerite L2 (Fig. 13) wide, strongly curved like an “S” along its left edge and with a sclerotized apical process paa. The latter curved dorsally at approximately 90 ˚ relative to the rest of the phallomere (Fig. 16). Sclerite L1 (Fig. 13) wide, triangular, with an S-curved profile along its right edge. Phalloid apophysis (Figs 13–15) membranous, S-shaped following L1, covered by numerous thick setae; setae longer laterally; there is little variation in the density of setae. Lobe fda of the right phallomere sclerotized by sclerite R1А. Sclerite R1А more or less triangular, but strongly elongated anteriorly to the left and dilated at the end of this elongation, to the point that it sclerotizes the left-posterior edge of fda. Sclerite R3 shovelshaped, widened near the А3 articulation; lamellar processes pae and are very developed. Sclerite R1B sclerotizes pia; the latter plateau-shaped, with a groove along its middle. Process pva sclerotized by R1D, claw-shaped, dorsally with short, thin plate-like continuation.</p><p>Coloration. General color green. Ocelli yellow. Prosternum with a thin light-brown transverse strip between forecoxae. Mesosternum green, unicolor. Forecoxa unicolor, dorsal coxal spines green, ventral ones green with light-brown tips. Forefemur green, its anterior surfaces without spots. First and third discoidal spines completely black, large internal femoral spines longitudinally half-green, half-black, all other femoral spines green with black apices. Tibia yellowish ventrally, dorsally green. Forewings in costal and adjacent part of discoidal area opaque, green, remaining parts of forewing hyaline. Stigma green. Hindwings transparent, hyaline, except a slightly greenish costal area and brownish apex. Sternites green in life, with brown posterior edge.</p><p>Female. Large, moderately slender but with elongate prothorax (Figs 2–3).</p><p>Head (Fig. 3) triangular, 1.3 times as wide as long and 1.3 times as wide as the supracoxal dilatation. Clypeus and lower frons as in the male, but the latter 1.4 times as wide as high. Аntennae filiform, not reaching the end of the pronotum. Scapus and pedicellus as in the male, but third antennomere very long, about as long as the scapus and more than 4 times as long as the next antennomere. Subsequent 18–20 antennomeres about the same length as the fourth, then becoming successively longer. Аrea between the base of antenna and the compound eye smooth. Compound eyes very slightly conical, but rounded dorso-laterally, reverse drop-shaped. Ocelli small, forming an obtuse angle between each other. Vertex as in the male, but more distinctly convex.</p><p>Pronotum long and flattened dorso-ventrally, its edges denticulated along the prozona and the supracoxal dilatation, posterior part of metazona smooth. Metazona 3.5 times as long as prozona, with a distinct carina along most of its length. Supracoxal dilatation weakly expressed. Edges of pronotum lamellar across its length. Cervicalia as in the male, furcasternite nearly flat.</p><p>Forelegs. Forecoxa as in the male, dorsal edge with 9 (left) and 14 (right) curved spines, with 1–3 smaller spines before and after the main row, occasionally also in-between larger spines. Forefemur slender, with smooth dorsal edge. Forefemoral armament more or less as in the male: five posteroventral spines, first three of approximately the same length, the fourth slightly shorter, the fifth half the length of the proximal three (broken off on right femur); distance between spines increasing towards apex. Discoidal spines as in the male. Seventeen anteroventral spines, with the following arrangement: iIiIiIiIiIiIiIiiI. Genicular lobes each with a very small spine. Foretibial armament consisting of 10 posteroventral and 13–14 anteroventral spines.</p><p>Middle and hindlegs as in the male, hind metatarsus about as long as remaining tarsomeres combined.</p><p>Both pairs of wings fully developed, surpassing the end of abdomen. Forewing 3.7 times as long as its maximum width. Costal field reaches its maximum width at about 1/4 of the forewing’s length, then narrows very slowly, reaching half of its maximum width at the distal fourth. Stigma elongate. Hindwing triangular, rather narrow, with narrowly rounded apex, 2.4 times as long as its maximum width.</p><p>Abdomen fusiform, depressed dorso-ventrally, with ten tergites and six visible coxosternites (II–VII). Coxosternite VII (subgenital plate) typical for the group, without peculiarities. Tergite X (supra-anal plate) transverse, evenly rounded. Cerci with 16–17 unambiguous cercomeres; most basal cercomere may be interpreted as 3–6 partially fused or not completely separated cercomeres.</p><p>Coloration. General color uniformly green, somewhat faded in the preserved specimen at hand. Prosternum as in the male with a reddish-brown transverse strip between forecoxae. Mesosternum green, with a pair of white dots. Forecoxae and forefemora as in the male. First discoidal and large anteroventral spines longitudinally half-green, half-black, and with a black mark on corresponding femoral sockets, all other femoral spines green with black apices. Foretibiae yellowish ventrally, dorsally green, becoming yellowish-brown towards apex. Costal and adjacent part of discoidal area of forewings opaque, green, remaining parts of forewing subopaque. Stigma yellowish-green. Hindwings as in the male.</p><p>Measurements are given in Table 1.</p><p>Distribution and remarks. The species is known from Vietnam, province Lâm Đỗng, and Thailand, province Tak (Fig. 17). Given the large distance between the localities, it seems reasonable to assume the species’ current or past presence in the forests between them, which would cover a significant part of the Greater Mekong Аrea. The latter is considered a highly threatened biodiversity hotspot (WWF 2013), with two new species, on average, discovered each week (WWF-Greater Mekong 2016). Deforestation levels are high, with very little primary forest left in Cambodia and Laos (WWF 2013). The discovery of a new insect genus of this size, like Mekongomantis with a body length of over 70 mm, hiding in plain sight is yet another indicator of how little-studied the Greater Mekong biodiversity is.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03988949280FFF88FF69FD516AE022C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwаrz, Christiаn J.;Ehrmаnn, Reinhаrd;Shcherbаkov, Evgeny	Schwаrz, Christiаn J., Ehrmаnn, Reinhаrd, Shcherbаkov, Evgeny (2018): A new genus and species of praying mantis (Insecta, Mantodea, Mantidae) from Indochina, with a key to Mantidae of South-East Asia. Zootaxa 4472 (3): 581-593, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4472.3.10
039889492807FF84FF69FC6A6EDE2411.text	039889492807FF84FF69FC6A6EDE2411.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mantidae Latreille 1802	<div><p>Key to the Mantidae genera of South-East Asia</p><p>The key presented here has to be regarded as preliminary, since paraphyletic genera as Hierodula Burmeister, 1838 or Rhombodera Burmeister, 1838 will certainly be split into several taxa once revisionary work has taken place, while new genera might also be discovered.</p><p>1 Pronotum hexagonal, its lateral edges extremely expanded and enfolding the head anteriorly; anterior surface of forefemur with large elongated bicolored blue-black spot along dorsal edge................................ Asiadodis Roy, 2004</p><p>- Pronotum simple, if expanded, then its lateral edges converge anteriorly and do not enfold the head; anterior surface of forefemur without large elongated bicolored blue-black spot along dorsal edge.......................................... 2</p><p>2 First discoidal spine longer than the second; tergite X (“supraanal plate”) elongated, trapezoidal...... Gretella Werner, 1923</p><p>- First discoidal spine shorter than the second; tergite X, if trapezoidal, short and transverse............................ 3</p><p>3 Phalloid apophysis (afa) small, compact, strongly sclerotized; meso- and metafemora without apical spine; anterior surface of forecoxa with a large basal black spot, occupying no less than a third of the forecoxa’s length, sometimes with a white spot inside it; if black spot is absent, then entire anterior surface of forecoxa covered with low but large white tubercles........ 4</p><p>- Afa large, often bilobed and extended along the edge; meso- and metafemora with apical spine, if without, then anterior surface of forecoxa with neither large basal spot nor large white tubercles........................................... 5</p><p>4 Anterior surface of forefemur with a dark spot, often also with a brightly colored orange or yellowish spot adjacent to it; apical process (paa) with simple apex.............................................................. Statilia Stål, 1877</p><p>- Anterior surface of forefemur without dark spot, but with a more or less distinct yellow spot at the claw groove; paa with bifid apex.............................................................................. Mantis Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>5 Afa strongly sclerotized, very stretched along the edge, with clear anterior and posterior processes; distal process of L4A always simple; hindwings at least in the discoidal field with a roughly chessboard-like pattern, with infumate areas along the cross-veins, or with large transverse black stripes; if hindwings completely transparent, then head flattened dorsoventrally, with its width significantly larger than its length............................................................. 6</p><p>- Afa more bulky and not very stretched along the edge, sometimes partially or completely membranous; distal process of L4A simple or bifurcate; hindwings transparent or infumate, without chessboard-like pattern or stripes; head not flattened dorsoventrally............................................................................................... 8</p><p>6 Head flattened dorsoventrally, with its width significantly larger than its length; meso- and metafemora without apical spine; forewings do not reach the end of abdomen even in the male; hindwings transparent............ Mesopteryx Saussure, 1870</p><p>- Head not flattened dorsoventrally; meso- and metafemora with an apical spine; forewings reach the end of abdomen; hindwings patterned....................................................................................... 7</p><p>7 Hindwings with wide black transverse stripes in the discoidal field; forefemur always with a large black spot at the claw groove; anterior lobe of afa weakly developed.................................... Tenospilota Roy &amp; Ehrmann, 2014</p><p>- Hindwings with a roughly chessboard-like pattern at least in the discoidal field, and anal field transparent or infumate; rarely hindwings mostly transparent, but with infumate areas along the cross-veins in the discoidal field; forefemur usually without black spot at the claw groove, rarely with; anterior lobe of afa always well-developed, with rounded, truncate or bird-head-like apex........................................................................... Tenodera Burmeister, 1838 8 Forefemur with 5 posteroventral spines; afa membranous, S-shaped, covered by long and dense setae...................................................................................................... Mekongomantis gen. n.</p><p>- Forefemur with 4 posteroventral spines.................................................................... 9</p><p>9 Pronotum with a significant lateral expansion.............................................................. 10</p><p>- Pronotum without significant lateral expansion............................................................. 13</p><p>10 Lateral expansion of pronotum constricted in the middle, rendering it violin-shaped.......... Pnigomantis Giglio-Tos, 1917</p><p>- Lateral expansion of pronotum convex, not constricted in the middle............................................ 11</p><p>11 Pronotal expansion not reaching the base of the metazona.................................. Tamolanica Werner, 1923</p><p>- Pronotum with an expansion along its entire length.......................................................... 12</p><p>12 Metazona about two times as long as prozona; L4A with a simple long distal process; afa weakly sclerotized, with largely rounded lobes......................................................... Rhombomantis Ehrmann &amp; Borer, 2015</p><p>- Metazona more than two times as long as prozona; L4A with a simple or bifid distal process; afa distinctly sclerotized, both lobes with acute apex.......................................................... Rhombodera Burmeister, 1838</p><p>13 Tergite X of male bilobed; paa with a pointed subapical tooth; costal field of female abruptly ending at distal fourth of forewing; body and forewings brownish with distinctly green or yellow costal field............. Ephierodula Giglio-Tos, 1912</p><p>- Tergite X of male simple, rounded or truncate, but never forming two lobes; paa with or without a rounded subapical tooth; costal field of female not abruptly ending at distal fourth of the forewing; forewings, if brownish, without distinctly green or yellow costal field.................................................................................... 14</p><p>14 Lower frons wider than high; body and forewings monochromatic or patterned.................................... 15</p><p>- Lower frons at least as high as wide or higher than wide; body and forewings more or less monochromatic.............................................................................................. Hierodula Burmeister, 1838</p><p>15 Metazona about two times as long as prozona, sharply constricting after supracoxal dilatation; distal process of L4A simple, very long and thin, curved backwards and reaching base of cerci; body whitish-green, mottled with contrasting darker patches, forefemur with three transverse blackish bands........................................... Stictomantis Beier, 1942</p><p>- Metazona significantly more than two times as long as prozona, gradually narrowing after supracoxal dilatation; distal process of L4A differently shaped; body greenish or brownish, without contrasting patches................................ 16</p><p>16 Costal field of male opaque, with very dense, irregular venation; pronotum of female longer than remaining body; distal process of L4A with two branches; afa very large, triangular, hairy........................ Camelomantis Giglio-Tos, 1917</p><p>- Costal field of male hyaline to subopaque, with very sparse venation; pronotum of female shorter than remaining body................................................................................... Hierodulella Giglio-Tos, 1912</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039889492807FF84FF69FC6A6EDE2411	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Schwаrz, Christiаn J.;Ehrmаnn, Reinhаrd;Shcherbаkov, Evgeny	Schwаrz, Christiаn J., Ehrmаnn, Reinhаrd, Shcherbаkov, Evgeny (2018): A new genus and species of praying mantis (Insecta, Mantodea, Mantidae) from Indochina, with a key to Mantidae of South-East Asia. Zootaxa 4472 (3): 581-593, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4472.3.10
