identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039887A6FFA47471A1C37C2E0FFDD829.text	039887A6FFA47471A1C37C2E0FFDD829.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia , sensu Baly 1863	<div><p>Key to the species of Fidia Baly</p> <p>The following key, based on adult characters, separates all known species of Fidia. The first character given in each couplet is usually the character which is most easily visualized on undissected, pinned specimens. In order to properly view characters of the last abdominal sternum and pygidium of females, the abdomen must be dissected and placed in alcohol or glycerin. Supplemental characters and geographical distributions are given in most couplets to aid identification. Males and females are keyed separately to expedite the identification process and to accommodate single specimen and unisex series identifications. Females of most species can be keyed without difficulty; however, males are preferable because they often possess unique secondary sexual characters. Identifications based on female specimens should be confirmed with males, preferably by comparison of the genitalia with the figures provided.</p> <p>1. MALE: disco-setae present on ventral surface of pro- and mesobasitarsi (Fig. 42), often present on metabasitarsus as well in many Mexican and Central American species; individual setae usually not visible at dissection microscope magnifications (i.e., 25–50X) but indicated by "beaded" or hexagonal pattern or by faint multicolored sheen when brightly illuminated.......................................................... 2</p> <p>1'. FEMALE: disco-setae never present on ventral surface of any basitarsus (Fig. 43), ventral surface of basitarsus without "beaded" or hexagonal pattern and not imparting multicolored sheen when brightly illuminated............................................................................................................................................ 23</p> <p>2(1). Eyes not distinctly convex nor laterally protruding (Fig. 55); northern Florida and adjacent Alabama and Georgia............................................................................................... Fidia pedinops Strother n. sp.</p> <p>2'. Eyes distinctly convex and laterally protruding (Fig. 54)....................................................................... 3</p> <p>3(2). Pro- and mesotibial spurs robust, surface minutely rugulose (visible only at magnifications&gt;25X) (Figs. 42 and 45–47); species occurring predominantly north of Mexico (except F. clematis Schaeffer in extreme southern Texas and Mexico east of the Sierra Madre Oriental and F. marraverpa Strother n. sp. in Oaxaca, Mexico)........................................................................................................................... 4</p> <p>3'. All tibial spurs small (Fig. 44), or rarely long and slender but always lacking visible surface sculpture at normal dissecting scope magnifications (i.e., 25–50X); species occurring predominantly south of the United States (except F. cana in central and southwestern Texas and F. humeralis in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico)................................................................................................... 12</p> <p>4(3) Disco-setae on all basitarsi; mesepisternum glabrous; penis with broad, spatulate apical process (Fig. 86)......................................................................................................... Fidia marraverpa Strother n. sp.</p> <p>4'. Disco-setae on pro- and mesobasitarsi only; mesepisternum distinctly pubescent; apex of penis with apical emargination (Figs. 92–100)........................................................................................................ 5</p> <p>5(4') Pronotal punctation fine; apical emargination of penis without small medial tooth (Figs. 92 and 96– 100)......................................................................................................................................................... 6</p> <p>5'. Pronotal punctation coarse; apical emargination of penis usually with small medial tooth (Figs. 93–95).............................................................................................................................................................. 10</p> <p>6(5). Protibial spurs separated by much greater than basal width of one spur (Fig. 45); dorsum of pronotum usually distinctly arched in lateral view (Fig. 31); entirely black to dark red-brown with fine, silverywhite pubescence; apical emargination of penis rarely with feebly developed medial tooth; apical lobes slightly tapered to acutely rounded apex (Fig. 92); southern Oklahoma and northern and central portions of east Texas............................................................................... Fidia convexicollis Strother n. sp.</p> <p>6'. Bases of protibial spurs contiguous or separated by less than basal width of one spur (Fig. 42); dorsum of pronotum gently convex to nearly straight in lateral view (Fig. 25); other characters variable......... 7</p> <p>7(6'). Pro- and mesobasitarsi short, apical width subequal to length (Fig. 53); occurring from extreme south Texas to Veracruz, Mexico, east of the Sierra Madre Oriental; apical emargination of penis deeply Ushaped, apical lobes long, feebly tapered to rounded apices (Fig. 100)............ Fidia clematis Schaeffer</p> <p>7'. Pro- and mesobasitarsi long, length distinctly greater than apical width (Figs. 54–55); widely distributed throughout eastern U.S.; apex of penis variously modified but not as above................................. 8</p> <p>8(7'). Pro- and mesobasitarsi narrowly elongate, gradually widened from base to apex (Fig. 53); apical emargination of penis semicircular, approximately as deep as wide (Fig. 99)................. Fidia viticida Walsh</p> <p>8'. Pro- and mesobasitarsi broadly elongate, subequal in width for most of length (Fig. 54); apical emargination of penis transverse, width much greater than depth (Figs. 96–97)........................................... 9</p> <p>9(8'). Apical emargination of penis basally convex, apical lobes with acute apices (Fig. 96); central Texas and New Mexico................................................................................................... Fidia texana Schaeffer</p> <p>9'. Apical emargination of penis basally concave or truncate, apical lobes with truncate to subtruncate apices (Fig. 97); occurring in central U.S., excluding Texas..................................... Fidia confusa Strother</p> <p>10(5') All femora uniformly black to dark red-brown; beetle entirely black to dark red-brown; apical lobes of penis long, narrowly tapered (Fig. 95); northwestern Alabama and extreme northeastern Mississippi..................................................................................................................... Fidia delilahae Strother n. sp.</p> <p>10'. One or more pairs of femora bicolored, with base distinctly lighter than distal portion, or all femora less commonly entirely pale; beetle usually with light red-brown to flavous areas on head, elytra, and tibiae; apical lobes of penis usually not distinctly tapered; occurring throughout eastern half of U.S................................................................................................................................................................ 11</p> <p>11(10').Protibial spurs separated by greater than length of one spur (Fig. 46); width of apical emargination of penis approximately twice the width of one apical lobe (Fig. 93); occurring predominantly east of the Appalachian Mountains.............................................................................. Fidia longipes (Melsheimer)</p> <p>11'. Protibial spurs separated by slightly more than basal width of one spur (Fig. 47); width of apical emargination of penis approximately four times width of one apical lobe (Fig. 94); occurring west of the Appalachian Mountains........................................................................... Fidia rileyorum Strother n. sp.</p> <p>12(3'). Last abdominal sternum with shallow fovea, posterolaterally bordered by dense, brush of long, erect setae (Fig. 59); other abdominal sterna lacking setal or structural modifications; mesepisternum pubescent; penis gently tapered to acutely rounded apex (Fig. 88); Chiapas, Mexico and Suchitepequez, Guatemala................................................................................................. Fidia dichroma Strother n. sp.</p> <p>12'. Abdominal sterna variable, but if last sternum has a fovea bordered by brush of setae, then medial area of second through fourth sterna with dense, transverse mat of short, stout setae (Fig. 58); mesepisternum entirely glabrous or with several scattered setae, never as densely pubescent as mesepimeron.. 13</p> <p>13(12').Medial area of second through fourth abdominal sterna with dense, transverse mat of short, stout setae and last sternum with broad, shallow, subcircular or transversely oval impression bordered laterally by dense brush of long, erect setae (Fig. 58); apex of penis broadly convex, with small, "U" shaped notch (Figs. 101 and 102)............................................................................................................................... 14</p> <p>13'. Abdominal sterna with or without various secondary sexual modifications but not fitting above description; apex of penis prolonged into an apical process of various sizes and shapes (Figs. 81–91) or broadly emarginate with distinct apical lobes (Fig. 80), but never convex with small apical notch... 15</p> <p>14(13).Elytra coarsely, irregularly punctate-striate; beetle brassy-black with distinct gold, greenish, or purple metallic luster; elytral pubescence uniformly whitish to golden brown, setae suberect, ensate; legs fulvous, often with aeneous luster on femora; penis with apical notch approximately ¼ as long as distance between apex of penis and posterior margin of ostium with posterior angles prolonged into short, acute tooth-like projections, (Fig. 101); Belize, El Salvador, and Guatemala....... Fidia guatemalensis Jacoby</p> <p>14'. Elytral punctation confused, lacking striae; beetle glossy black; elytral pubescence composed of white, suberect, ensate setae on lateral aspect and sutural margins, and brownish or blackish, erect, hair-like setae on disc; penis with apical notch approximately ½ as long as distance between apex of penis and posterior margin of ostium, posterior angles not prolonged (Fig. 102); known from a single specimen collected in central Costa Rica............................................................ Fidia costaricensis Strother n. sp.</p> <p>15(13'). Medial area of third abdominal sternum with two small, round to subangulate, posteriorly directed lobes (Fig. 60); apex of penis with long, spine-like apical process (Fig. 85); Veracruz and Hidalgo, Mexico................................................................................................................. Fidia pedestris Lefèvre</p> <p>15'. Second and third abdominal sterna not fitting above description; apex of penis variously modified.. 16</p> <p>16(15').Penis with deep, semicircular apical emargination (Fig. 80); known from a single specimen collected in Colima, Mexico................................................................................. Fidia comalensis Strother n. sp.</p> <p>16'. Penis without apical emargination; apical process variously shaped (Figs. 81–91)............................ 17</p> <p>17(16').Species small (2.86–3.32 mm.); brassy-black with distinctly contrasting fulvous tibiae; apex of penis with small, acutely angulate to sub-truncate apical process (Fig. 83); declivitous part of penis distally widened in lateral view, widest at apex; known from Sierra Madre del Sur in central southern Mexico................................................................................................................................. Fidia tibialis Jacoby</p> <p>17'. Not fitting above description, generally larger than 3.5 mm., but if smaller, then color of tibiae not distinctly different from that of dorsum; declivitous part of penis tapered distally in lateral view, widest proximal to apex................................................................................................................................... 18</p> <p>18(17').Apex of penis abruptly tapered from rounded posterolateral angles to bifurcate, spatulate process (Fig. 81); known from single specimen collected in Mexico..................... Fidia dicelloposthe Strother n. sp.</p> <p>18'. Apex of penis not fitting above description.......................................................................................... 19</p> <p>19(18').Apex of penis broadly convex with small, acutely angulate apical process (Fig. 82); color extremely variable, but often dark with red-orange humeral spot or lateral stripe on each elytron; southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico; widely distributed in Mexico........... Fidia humeralis Lefèvre</p> <p>19'. Apex of penis either not broadly convex (Fig. 87) or if so, then apical process not small and acute (Figs. 89–91); color uniformly very dark red-brown to black or, less commonly, fulvous to red-brown but never with humeral spot or lateral stripe........................................................................................ 20</p> <p>20(19').Species small (approximately 3.60 mm.); fulvous to red-brown; elytra with two broad, shallow impressions posteriad of intrahumeral callus (Fig. 24); elytral pubescence predominantly light-colored, but with roughly M-shaped patch of darker setae crossing apical third of elytra; sides of penis gradually tapered, more abruptly so distad of ostium, to acutely rounded apex (Fig. 87); Jalisco, Michoacan, and Oaxaca, Mexico......................................................................... Fidia xanthonioides Strother n. sp.</p> <p>20'. Species larger than 4.0 mm.; very dark red-brown to black; elytra not fitting above description; apex of penis broadly convex with rounded posterolateral angles and well-defined apical process (Figs. 89–91).............................................................................................................................................................. 21</p> <p>21(20').Pubescence of elytra and often pronotum with longer, hair-like, sub-erect to erect, brown to black setae in addition to shorter, ensate, recumbent to adpressed, white setae; white setae often arranged into distinct longitudinal vittae on elytra................................................................. Fidia albovittata Lefèvre</p> <p>21'. Pubescence of pronotum and elytra uniform in size, shape, and color................................................. 22</p> <p>22(21').Species known only from central and southwest Texas; pubescence of pronotum often forming obscure to distinct medial longitudinal stripe when viewed with the un-aided eye or at very low magnifications (i.e., 6–12X); intrahumeral callus of elytron obsolete or only weakly developed; apical process of penis broad (Fig. 89).................................................................................... Fidia cana Schaeffer</p> <p>22'. Species known only from Sierra Madre del Sur in central southern Mexico; pronotal pubescence never forming a medial longitudinal stripe; intrahumeral callus of elytron prominent; apical process of penis narrow (Fig. 84)....................................................................................................... Fidia spuria Lefèvre</p> <p>23(1') Eyes not convex nor distinctly laterally protruding (Fig. 34); northern Florida and adjacent Alabama and Georgia............................................................................................... Fidia pedinops Strother n. sp.</p> <p>23'. Eyes convex and distinctly laterally protruding (Fig. 33)..................................................................... 24</p> <p>24(23').Last abdominal sternum with small, shallow to deep medial fovea (Fig. 66)..................................... 25</p> <p>24'. Last abdominal sternum evenly convex, without medial fovea............................................................ 26</p> <p>25(24) Species occurring in central Texas and New Mexico; generally larger than 6.8 mm. (6.52–8.08 mm.); dark red-brown to nearly black; elytral pubescence never arranged in distinct longitudinal rows........................................................................................................................................ Fidia texana Schaeffer</p> <p>25'. Species occurring throughout central U.S. but not known from Texas; generally smaller than 6.5 mm. (5.44–6.84 mm.); pale orange-brown to deep red-brown; elytral pubescence often arranged in feeble to distinct longitudinal rows.................................................................................... Fidia confusa Strother</p> <p>26(24')Species occurring north of Mexico....................................................................................................... 27</p> <p>26'. Species occurring in Mexico and Central America.............................................................................. 33</p> <p>27(26).Mesepisternum entirely glabrous; known from southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico; color extremely variable, but usually dark with distinct red-orange humeral spot or lateral stripe of variable width on each elytron........................................................................... Fidia humeralis Lefèvre 27'. Mesepisternum sparsely to densely pubescent; occurring throughout eastern half of U.S.................. 28</p> <p>28(27')Pronotal punctation coarse.................................................................................................................... 29</p> <p>28'. Pronotal punctation fine........................................................................................................................ 31</p> <p>29(28).Mesepisternum sparsely pubescent; pubescence of pronotum often forming obscure to distinct medial longitudinal stripe when viewed with the un-aided eye or at very low magnifications (i.e., 6–12X); occurring in central and southwestern Texas west of the 97th meridian................. Fidia cana Schaeffer</p> <p>29'. Mesepisternum densely pubescent; pubescence of pronotal disc uniformly distributed, never forming medial longitudinal stripe; occurring throughout eastern half of U.S. but known from Texas only east of the 97th meridian.............................................................................................................................. 30</p> <p>30(29').All femora and tibiae unicolorous, very dark red-brown to black; (following two characters in both choices of this couplet visible only with abdomen dissected and placed in alcohol or glycerin): apical margin of last abdominal sternum with prominent, jagged-tipped medial process (Fig. 63); lateral margin of pygidium with small, rounded preapical protuberance (Fig. 71); northwestern Alabama and extreme northeastern Mississippi.............................................................. Fidia delilahae Strother n. sp.</p> <p>30'. One or more pairs of legs partially fulvous to flavous, often with tibia and base of femur paler, distinctly contrasting with dark femoral apex, occasionally specimens from the southern U.S. with legs entirely fulvous to flavous; apical margin of last abdominal sternum with medial process poorly developed or absent (Fig. 61); lateral margin of pygidium without preapical protuberance (Fig. 72)........................................................................... Fidia longipes (Melsheimer) or Fidia rileyorum Strother n. sp. (These two species are largely allopatric and are roughly separated by the Appalachian Mountains (Map 3), with F. longipes occurring predominantly to the east and F. rileyorum occurring only to the west. In areas of overlap, males are necessary to confirm identifications.)</p> <p>31(28')Dorsum of pronotum usually distinctly arched in lateral view (Fig. 31); beetle entirely black to very dark red-brown with dense, fine, silvery-white pubescence; known only from extreme southern Oklahoma and northern and central portions of east Texas........................ Fidia convexicollis Strother n. sp.</p> <p>31'. Dorsum of pronotum gently convex or nearly straight in lateral view (Fig. 25), never distinctly arched; species widely distributed..................................................................................................................... 32</p> <p>32(31').All basitarsi subtriangular, length 1.5–2 times apical width (Fig. 57); species generally smaller than 5.5 mm. (4.56–5.60 mm.); occurring in extreme southern Texas...................... Fidia clematis Schaeffer</p> <p>32'. All basitarsi elongate, length 2.5–4 times apical width (Fig. 56); species generally larger than 5.8 mm. (5.64–6.96 mm.); occurring throughout eastern half of North America north of Mexico.......................................................................................................................................................... Fidia viticida Walsh</p> <p>33(26').Mesepisternum densely pubescent; metafemur extremely narrow at base (Fig. 39); (following two characters in both choices of this couplet visible only with abdomen dissected and placed in alcohol or glycerin): apical margin of last abdominal sternum with small medial notch (Fig. 68), pygidium with small apicomedial process (Fig. 75); known from Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico................................................................................................................................................ Fidia dichroma Strother n. sp.</p> <p>33'. Mesepisternum entirely glabrous or with few setae, never as densely pubescent as mesepimeron; shape of metafemur variable; apical margin of last abdominal sternum and apex of pygidium without apicomedial process...................................................................................................................................... 34</p> <p>34(33')Each elytron with feeble to distinct, subcircular to oval impression posterolaterad of postcallosal impression (Figs. 16 &amp; 24); setae of impressions, especially postcallosal impression, radiating from center; elytral pubescence uniform in size and shape, predominantly light-colored, but with brownish or blackish setae in jagged, transverse band or roughly M-shaped patch crossing elytra at apical third............................................................................................................................................................... 35</p> <p>34'. Elytral disc evenly convex, sometimes with shallow lunate postcallosal impression, but never with additional impression posterolaterad of postcallosal impression; pubescence in postcallosal impression oriented as remainder of elytral pubescence; elytral pubescence unicolorous or with darker setae distinctly longer and finer than lighter setae............................................................................................. 36</p> <p>35(34).Metafemur basally extremely narrow for approximately half of length (Fig. 41); species large (approximately 6.0 mm.) and elongate (Fig. 16); (two following characters in both choices of this couplet visible only with abdomen dissected and placed in alcohol or glycerin): apical margin of last abdominal sternum with two small papillae (Fig. 65); apex of pygidium truncate with distinct posterolateral angles (Fig. 73); known from single female collected in Hidalgo, Mexico............................................................................................................................................................... Fidia papillata Strother n. sp.</p> <p>35'. Metafemur not as above (Fig. 40); species smaller (approximately 4.0 mm.) and more ovate (Fig. 24); apical margin of last abdominal sternum without papillae (Fig. 70); apex of pygidium broadly arcuate without posterolateral angles (Fig. 74); Jalisco, Michoacan, and Oaxaca, Mexico........................................................................................................................................... Fidia xanthonioides Strother n. sp.</p> <p>36(34').Elytral pubescence distinctly dimorphic, composed of shorter, ensate, recumbent, light-colored setae and longer, hair-like, suberect to erect, dark setae............................................ Fidia albovittata Lefèvre</p> <p>36'. Elytral pubescence uniform in size, shape, and color........................................................................... 37</p> <p>37(36).Species small (3.06–3.36 mm.); dorsum entirely brassy-black with distinctly contrasting fulvous to red-brown tibiae; known from Sierra Madre del Sur in central southern Mexico... Fidia tibialis Jacoby</p> <p>37'. Species larger than 3.80 mm.; not fitting above description................................................................. 38</p> <p>38(37').Pronotum and elytra densely clothed with adpressed setae, surface sculpture not readily visible; pronotum densely, finely punctate-reticulate; occurring east of Sierra Madre Oriental from extreme southern Texas to central Veracruz, Mexico...................................................... Fidia clematis Schaeffer</p> <p>38'. Pronotum and elytra not densely clothed with adpressed setae, surface sculpture readily visible; pronotal punctation not as above.................................................................................................................... 39</p> <p>39(38').Apex of metatibia acutely subangulate in lateral view, widest some distance from apex (Fig. 49); elytra coarsely, irregularly punctate-striate; beetle brassy-black with distinct gold, greenish, or purple metallic luster; legs fulvous, often with aeneous luster on femora; known from Belize, El Salvador, and Guatemala..................................................................................................... Fidia guatemalensis Jacoby</p> <p>39'. Apex of metatibia broadly rounded in lateral view, widest at or near apex (Fig. 48); other characters variable.................................................................................................................................................. 40</p> <p>40(39').Species larger than 6.0 mm. (approximately 6.85 mm.); form robust in dorsal view (Fig. 3); pronotum noticeably wider than long; elytra coarsely punctate-reticulate; dorsum very dark red-brown to blackish with faint blue-green luster; basal swelling type spermatheca (Fig. 108); known from single female collected in Guerrero, Mexico..................................................................... Fidia chapini Strother n. sp.</p> <p>40'. Species 5.5 mm. or smaller; form elongate in dorsal view; pronotal width and length subequal; elytral surface sculpture variable; basal arm type spermatheca (Fig. 103)...................................................... 41</p> <p>41(40')Intrahumeral callus prominent with shallow, lunate postcallosal impression; elytral setae long, sparsely distributed; pronotal punctation moderately dense............................................................................... 42</p> <p>41' Intrahumeral callus weakly developed or obsolete, without postcallosal impression; elytral setae short, moderately densely distributed; pronotal punctation dense and coarse................................................ 43</p> <p>42(41) Apicomedial process of last abdominal sternum acute, with pointed apex (Fig. 62); sides of pronotum distinctly arcuate; known from Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero and Oaxaca, Mexico.......................................................................................................................................................... Fidia spuria Lefèvre</p> <p>42'. Apicomedial process of last abdominal sternum subtruncate to feebly rounded at apex (Fig. 64); sides of pronotum feebly arcuate; known from Sierra Madre Oriental in Hidalgo and Veracruz, Mexico.................................................................................................................................... Fidia pedestris Lefèvre</p> <p>43(41')Humeral callus of elytron glabrous, darker than surrounding humeral area with surface polished; apicomedial process of last abdominal sternum apically rounded (Fig. 67); known only from one ♂ and one ♀ collected in Oaxaca, Mexico............................................................. Fidia marraverpa Strother n. sp.</p> <p>43'. Humeral callus of elytron setose or punctulate if setae abraded, same color as surrounding humeral area; apicomedial process of last abdominal sternum apically pointed (Fig. 69); occurring along Sierra Madre Occidental in western Mexico from mountains of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south to Oaxaca.................................................................................... Fidia humeralis Lefèvre</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFA47471A1C37C2E0FFDD829	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FFBE7473A1C37BDB08A3DEE9.text	039887A6FFBE7473A1C37BDB08A3DEE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia albovittata Lefevre	<div><p>Fidia albovittata Lefèvre</p> <p>(Figs. 1, 90–91; Maps 9–10)</p> <p>Fidia albovittata Lefèvre 1877: 166 (original description); Jacoby 1882: 167 (faunal treatment); Lefèvre 1885: 75 (catalog); Clavareau 1914: 76 (catalog); Blackwelder 1946: 662 (checklist); Bechyné 1953: 249 (catalog); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist); Flowers 1996: 36 (checklist).</p> <p>Lefèvre (1877) did not state the number of specimens he had before him but clearly indicated that he had more than one by giving a range of length and width measurements in his description. A male located in the BMNH and bearing the labels, "Type. / SYN-TYPE [white disc with blue border] / San Andres / Tuxtla / Mexico Salle Coll. / Fidia albovitta [sic], Lef. apud Sallé [handwritten] / B.C.A. 167.5. / LECTOTYPE Fidia albovittata Lefèvre design. M.S.Strother 1993 [red]", is here designated as the Lectotype. The specimen is glued on a point and is in very good condition with a hole in the right elytron from the original pin and left antennomeres 6–11 missing. The dissected abdominal sterna, terga, and pygidium are glued on a card beneath the specimen, and the aedeagus and associated sclerites are preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. One Paralectotype is here designated (♀ in BMNH): "SYN-TYPE [white disc with blue border] / San Andres / Type. Sp. figured. / Mexico Salle Coll. / Fidia albovitta [sic], Lef. apud Salle. [handwritten] / B.C.A. 167.5. / PARALECTOTYPE Fidia albovittata Lefèvre design. M. S. Strother 1993 [yellow]". Although this was the specimen illustrated in the Biologia, it was not chosen as the lectotype because it is a female. No additional syntypes are located in the BMNH (S. Shute pers. comm.) nor in the MNHN (N. Berti pers. comm.).</p> <p>Fidia sallei Lefèvre 1877: 166 (original description); Lefèvre 1885: 76 (catalog); Clavareau 1914: 77 (catalog); Bechyné 1953: 249 (catalog); Flowers 1996: 36 (checklist). NEW SYNONYMY.</p> <p>Lefèvre (1877) gave a range of measurements for F. sallei but did not say how many specimens he examined. A female located in the BMNH and bearing the labels, " Type [white disc with red border] / GUANAJUATO / Type / Guanajuato Mexico. Salle Coll. / Fidia Sallei ! E. Lef. [handwritten] / 561 [blue square] / Fidia Sallaei [sic], Lef. apud Sallé. [handwritten] / Type. Sp. figured. / B.C.A. 167.6. / 6. Fidia sallaei [sic]. [folded] / LECTOTYPE Fidia sallei Lefèvre design. M.S.Strother 1993 [red]", is here designated as Lectotype. The specimen is pinned through the right elytron near the middle of the sutural margin and is in relatively poor condition. It is dirty with much of the pubescence matted or abraded. The labrum, maxillae, and labium appear to have been eaten by dermestids or forcibly removed, and the mandibles are widely splayed. The prothorax is glued to the mesothorax, and the left metathoracic leg is glued to a card beneath the specimen. The tip of the ovipositor is slightly extruded, and the following structures are missing: the right metathoracic leg and antennomeres 10+11 from each antenna. No additional specimens were located in the BMNH or the MNHN.</p> <p>Fidia sallaei Jacoby 1882: 167 (catalog, unjustified emendation); Blackwelder 1946: 662 (checklist); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist). NEW SYNONYMY.</p> <p>Fidia unistriata Jacoby 1882: 168 (original description); Lefèvre 1885: 76 (catalog); Clavareau 1914: 77 (catalog); Blackwelder 1946: 662 (checklist); Bechyné 1953: 250 (catalog); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist); Flowers 1996: 36 (checklist). NEW SYNONYMY.</p> <p>Jacoby (1882) clearly stated that he had several specimens before him. A male located in the BMNH and bearing the labels, "Type [white disc with red border] / SYN-TYPE [white disc with blue border] / S. Geronimo [sic], Guatemala. Champion. / B.C.A. 168.9. / Fidia unistriata type Jac. [blue, handwritten in Jacoby's hand based on comparison with plate 3 figures I and J of Smith &amp; Lawrence (1967)] / LECTOTYPE Fidia unistriata Jacoby design. M.S.Strother 1993 [red]", is here designated as the Lectotype. The specimen is glued on a point and is in very good condition with the following structures missing: tarsomere five of the right pro-, right meso-, and left mesotarsi and antennomere 11 of both antennae. The dissected abdomen is glued on a point pinned beneath the specimen, and the aedeagus and associated sclerites are preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. Five specimens located in the BMNH are here designated as Paralectotypes: "SYN-TYPE [white disc with blue border] / S. Geronimo [sic], Guatemala. Champion. / B.C.A. 168.9."; "La Tinta,Vera Paz. Champion. / B.C.A. 168.9. / B.C.A. 168.9." (two pointed specimens on same pin); and "Chacoj, Vera Paz. Champion. / B.C.A. 168.9. / B.C.A. 168.9." (two pointed specimens on same pin). Each specimen also bears the label, " PARALECTOTYPE Fidia unistriata Jacoby design. M. S. Strother 1993 [yellow]".</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 3.94–5.16 mm., HW = 1.80–2.44 mm; Females: TL = 4.40–5.92 mm., HW = 2.08– 2.80 mm. Color: Usually entirely blackish or very dark red-brown, often with faint to distinct blue metallic luster, less commonly pale red-brown; pubescence composed of two types: 1) whitish, ensate, adpressed to recumbent setae and 2) brown to black, hairlike, suberect to erect setae. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at or immediately posteriad of middle; sides feebly to distinctly convex in dorsal view; dorsum moderately convex to nearly straight in lateral view, rarely feebly sinuate with anterior portion slightly convex and posterior portion slightly concave; densely, coarsely punctate to sparsely, finely punctulate, often with punctules along midline much more closely placed than on remainder of disc; pubescence sparse to dense, often forming dense medial stripe. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous or with few setae, not as densely pubescent as mesepimeron. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus obsolescent to strongly developed, with or without shallow, lunate postcallosal impression; asetose punctate-striae feebly to strongly developed; interstices flat to slightly convex, sparsely, finely punctulate to densely punctulate-rugulose; pubescence highly variable, extremes as follows: 1) sparse, composed almost entirely of suberect to erect, dark, hair-like setae with only a few whitish, ensate setae at humeral callus, sutural margin and apex; 2) forming complete, alternating longitudinal rows of dense, adpressed, whitish, ensate setae and sparse, suberect to erect, darker, hairlike setae. Abdomen: Males with medial area of first and second sterna flattened to feebly concave, each with relatively large, impunctate, glabrous area; last three sterna weakly convex medially, medial area of third and fourth coarsely punctate, especially apically, with numerous, relatively long, suberect, golden setae; last sternum often with shallow, transverse medial impression; pygidium dorsally gently convex in apical ½ with broadly arcuate apex. Females with medial area of all sterna evenly convex, first sternum often with small, medial glabrous area; apical margin of last sternum with rounded apical process feeble to well-developed; pygidium dorsally flat to slightly impressed in apical ½ with acutely rounded apex. Legs: Males with profemur moderately to distinctly swollen; all tibial spurs small, lacking surface sculpture (several specimens from central portion of distribution possessed long metatibial spurs); pro- and mesobasitarsi slightly expanded; all basitarsi with disco-setae. Females with all femora gradually tapered towards base. Penis: In posterior view, sides slightly tapered to rounded posterolateral angles; apical process broad, subacutely rounded to truncate at apex. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part moderately to distinctly convex; euventral surface moderately to strongly concave; distally tapered to acute point. Sperm guide composed of upper and lower sclerites. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized (3.94–5.92 mm.); entirely black to very dark red-brown, often with blue metallic luster; pronotal and elytral setae composed of two types: 1) whitish, ensate, adpressed to recumbent setae and 2) brown to black, hairlike, suberect to erect setae; whitish setae often arranged in medial pronotal stripe and one or more complete to incomplete, dense to sparse longitudinal stripes on each elytron. Males with profemur moderately to distinctly swollen; all basitarsi bearing disco-setae; penis with acutely rounded to truncate, lobelike apical process (Figs. 90–91).</p> <p>Specimens of F. albovittata vary considerably in the amount, density, and pattern of whitish pubescence on the pronotum and elytra. Some specimens of F. albovittata are similar to F.spuria and entirely dark specimens of F. pedestris but are distinguished from these by the dimorphic dorsal pubescence. In addition, differences in the shape of the apical process of the penis immediately separate males of these three species.</p> <p>Distribution (Maps 9 and 10). Fidia albovittata occurs from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico to central Honduras. Collecting elevations ranged from 152–1219 m.</p> <p>Specimens examined. (97). BELIZE. TOLEDO: Punta Gorda, ix:10–20:06 (MCZC:1), state only, ix:1– 15:06 (MCZC:1); State not determined: Rio Hondo, no date (BMNH).</p> <p>COSTA RICA. PUNTARENAS: 4–6 km. S Sta. Elena, vi:4–7:1980 (EGRC:1).</p> <p>GUATEMALA. ALTA VERAPAZ: Panzos, Guatemala, R., no date (UMRM:1). BAJA VERAPAZ: 16 km. N. Salama, v:23:1991 (CMNC:2). ZACAPA: nr La Union, iv:14:1990 (JEWC:1).</p> <p>HONDURAS. ATLANTIDA: 22 mi. S La Ceiba, vi:29:1985 (AUEM:1). COMAYAGUA: Lago Yojoa, vii:19:1974 (EGRC:2). OLANCHO: 11 mi. NE Catacamas, vi:15:1974 (EGRC:1), 7 mi. NE Catacamas, vi:14:1974 (EGRC:1).</p> <p>MEXICO. CAMPECHE: 10 km W Xpujil, Chicanna, vii:12–14:83 (TAMU:1), 3.8 mi. N. Escarcega, x:9:1976 (TAMU:1), Palizada, no date (BMNH:1). CHIAPAS: 1 km W. Ocosingo, ix: 30–x:1:1986 (JEWC:1), 1 km. S Ocosingo, x:18:1988 (RHT:1), * 6 km N San Fernando, ix:4:1981 (AUEM:2), * 6.5 km E Bochil, ix:13:1981 (AUEM:1), 9.8 km. N Ocosingo, vi:28:1990 (RHT:1), 17 KM W. Tutl. Gtz., vi:27– 30:1986 (JEWC:2), vii:1–8:1986 (JEWC:3), 21.3 km N Ocozocoautla, ix:7:1981 (AUEM:2, BYUC:1), 25 mi. sw. Cintalapa, vii:11:1971 (TAMU:1), 30.6 km. W Ocosingo, ix:30;1986 (RHT:1), 35mi. SW Cintalapa, vi:25:65 (TAMU:1), 44 km. S Palenque, ix:30:1986 (RHT:1), 45 km SE Comitan Chincultic Ruinas, vi:16:1987 (JEWC:1), 76 km. N Ocosingo, x:1:1986 (RHT:1), El Sumidero, La Ceiba Mirador, vi:24:1990 (RHT:2), Jct. Hwys 190–195, vi:6:1969 (CMNC:2), * M. Trujillo, no date (BMNH:1), Parque de Laguna Montebello, vi:21:1990 (RHT:2), Puerto Cate, ix:9:1981 (AUEM:1). HIDALGO: Cerro Boludo, 23 km. SW Tamazunchale, vi:4:1987 (RHT:1), La Quebradora, 10.8 km. N Tlanchinol, vii:21:1988 (RHT:2), Minera Autlan (=Otonga), v:7:83 (EGRC:1), Minera Autlan (=Otonga), viii:1:82 (EGRC:1). NUEVO LEON: * Cola de Caballo, vi:17:1976 (FSCA:1), Santa Rosa Canyon, 28 km. W Linares, vi:1:1987, (RHT:1). QUERETARO: Qro., vi:1986 (USNM:6). QUINTANA ROO: 15 km. S Playa del Carmen, vi:2:1984 (RHT:1), 15–18 km N Tulum, x:11–12:1982 (JEWC:2), 45 mi. W. Chetumal, viii:9:1974 (EGRC:2). SAN LUIS POTOSI: 13 mi. W. El Naranjo, vi:30:1965 (TAMU:1), * El Salto, vi:5:1965 (TAMU:1), * El Salto, at the falls, iv:22:1947 (UMRM:1), * gravel rd. at km. 11.5 on Guadalcazar rd., vii:19:1982 (RHT:1), * Las Abritas Area Hwy 80, vi:2:1982 (JEWC:2), * microwave tower rd. nr. hwy. 70, km. mk. 82, vii:15:1982 (RHT:1, TAMU:2), * vic. Las Abritas, vi:2:1982 (RHT:2). TAMAULIPAS: along rd to Rancho de Cielo, 1–3 mi W Gomez Farias, v:21:79 (EGRC:4), Altus Cumbres. 12 mi. west Ciudad Victoria, vi:18:1986 (TAMU:1), Canon Novillo, 6 mi. sw. Ciudad Victoria, vii:4:1986 (TAMU:1). VERACRUZ: * 2 mi S Los Mangos, vi:17–25:1985 (JEWC:1), * Cerro de Plumas (see Selander &amp; Vaurie 1962), no date (BMNH:1), * El. Palmar, 16 km. W. Tetzonapa, vi:9– 15:1948 (UAIC:1), Orizaba, vi (CASC:1), no date (CASC:1). YUCUTAN: Temax, no date (BMNH:1). Mexico, locality illegible or not given, no date (BMNH:2).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 14 April to 18 October.</p> <p>Natural History. No data other than "oak pastureland", "vid follaje", and "at night".</p> <p>Remarks. The taxonomy presented here is not considered a final solution. Observations of large series of specimens from various elevations throughout the known distribution will be necessary to determine the limits and the number of taxa involved in this complex of highly variable populations.</p> <p>In 1877, Lefèvre described the centrally distributed form of this species with sparse, incomplete elytral stripes and a distinct pronotal stripe as F. albovittata and the northern form with dense, complete elytral stripes and a distinct pronotal stripe as F.sallei. Jacoby (1882) described the sparsely pubescent southern form which lacks a pronotal stripe as F. unistriata and introduced the unjustified emendation F. sallaei.</p> <p>Specimens from the northern and southern extremes of the distribution differ distinctly in the amount, density, and pattern of the whitish pubescence on the pronotum and elytra, the density and coarseness of the pronotal and elytral punctation, and more subtly in the shape of the apical process of the penis. However, specimens from the central portion of the distribution exhibit a complete overlap in variability of all of these characters and preclude the separation of populations from this region into distinguishably unique taxa. Therefore, the names F.sallei and F. unistriata which are based on extremes of what appears to be continuous variation, are here synonymized with F. albovittata.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFBE7473A1C37BDB08A3DEE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FFBD747CA1C37D620EF2DDE1.text	039887A6FFBD747CA1C37D620EF2DDE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia cana , Horn 1892	<div><p>Fidia cana Horn</p> <p>(Figs. 2, 44, 89, 110; Map 2)</p> <p>Fidia cana Horn 1892: 199 (original description); Schaeffer 1904: 228 (key); Clavareau 1914: 76 (catalog); Leng 1920: 293 (catalog); Fattig 1948: 19 (misidentification, see F. longipes); Schultz 1970: 240 (dissertation); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist); Riley et al. 2003: 151 (catalog); Clark et al. 2004: 102 (host plants).</p> <p>In his description of F. cana, Horn (1892) did not state the number of specimens he had before him. Because he gives a single length measurement, it would appear that he had only one specimen. This cannot be assumed, however, because in descriptions of the six other new species (Metachroma longulum p. 212, M. aterrimum p. 214, M. parallelum p. 217, Metaxyonycha circumcincta p. 228, Colaspoides opacicollis p. 229, and C. viridimicans p. 230) in this publication, he gave a single length measurement but clearly indicated that he had more than one specimen.</p> <p>Three specimens of F. cana are housed in the Horn collection at the MCZC. A female bearing the following labels: "TEX / TYPE No. 3772 [red, number handwritten] / F. cana Horn [handwritten] / LECTOTYPE Fidia cana Horn design. M.S.Strother 1993 [red]", exactly matches the length measurement, 5.5 mm., given by Horn and was designated lectotype (Strother 2003). The specimen is in good condition, pinned through the right elytron but missing the following: left antennomeres 5–11, left metatarsomeres 2–5, entire right protarsus, and right mesotarsomere five. The origin of the "Type No. 3772" label is unknown. Schultz (1970) accepted this specimen as the lectotype but did not publish this designation.</p> <p>In addition to the lectotype, one male and one female, each bearing the label data, "TEX. / Horn Coll H 10352 / PARALECTOTYPE Fidia cana Horn design. M. S. Strother 1993 [yellow]" are housed in the Horn collection at the MCZC. These specimens are smaller than the measurement given by Horn and were designated paralectotypes (Strother 2003).</p> <p>Description. Males:TL = 4.22–5.33 mm, HW = 1.92–2.37 mm. Females: TL = 5.17–5.65 mm, HW = 2.48– 2.76 mm. Color: Dorsum and venter entirely dark red-brown to black; femora, tibiae, and tarsi red-brown to black, femora and tibiae usually darker distally; pubescence ashy-white. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at middle, sides moderately to only slightly convex in dorsal view, dorsum slightly convex to nearly straight in lateral view; punctures along dorsal midline usually slightly smaller, more closely spaced than on remainder of disc and lateral aspects; pubescence adpressed to recumbent, often forming distinct medial longitudinal stripe and upwardly concave patch on lateral aspect immediately dorsad of each procoxa, pubescence of disc less dense laterad of medial stripe. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous or with several adpressed setae, but never as densely pubescent as mesepimeron. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus obsolete to obsolescent; asetose punctate-striae obscure to feebly developed, often more evident laterally and basally; interstices flat, densely punctulate-rugulose; pubescence recumbent, moderately dense to dense, but not completely obscuring surface sculpture. Abdomen: Males with medial area of first and second sterna flattened to feebly concave, each with relatively large, impunctate, glabrous area; last three sterna weakly convex medially, medial area of third and fourth coarsely punctate, especially apically, with numerous, relatively long, suberect, golden setae; last sternum often with shallow, transverse medial impression; pygidium dorsally gently convex in apical ½ with broadly arcuate apex. Females with medial area of all sterna evenly convex, first sternum often with small, medial glabrous area; pygidium dorsally flat to slightly impressed in apical ½ with acutely rounded apex. Legs: Both sexes with femora gradually tapered towards base. Males with tibial spurs of all legs small, lacking visible surface sculpture; pro- and mesobasitarsi subtriangular, moderately expanded; all basitarsi bearing disco-setae. Penis: In posterior view, sides gradually tapered to rounded apex, with large, broadly rounded apical process. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part slightly convex; euventral surface straight to feebly concave, apex tapered to acute, euventrally curved point. Sperm guide composed of upper and lower sclerites. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium sized (4.22–5.65 mm), entirely dark red-brown to black; pronotal punctation coarse; pronotal pubescence usually denser along midline, often forming medial, longitudinal stripe; mesepisternum glabrous or with only a few setae. Males with all basitarsi bearing disco-setae; penis with broadly rounded, lobelike apical process (Fig. 89).</p> <p>Males of F. cana differ from all other U.S. species, with the exception of F. humeralis, in having small pro- and mesotibial spurs that lack visible surface sculpture, in possessing disco-setae on all basitarsi, and in lacking an apical emargination of the penis. Females of F. cana are distinguished from all other U.S. species, with the exception of F. humeralis, by having the mesepisternum glabrous or with only a few setae but never as densely pubescent as the mesepimeron. Fidia humeralis usually possesses a red-orange humeral spot or stripe on each elytron, always has the mesepisternum entirely glabrous, and is never entirely dark as is F. cana. In F. humeralis, males possess a small, acutely pointed apical process on the penis, and females possess a similarly shaped process on the apical margin of the last abdominal sternum. In addition, F. humeralis occurs farther west and south (Map 5) than does F. cana (Map 2). Fidia cana may also be confused with the all black F. convexicollis, but the latter, which occurs in the northern and central portions of east Texas, has the pronotum finely punctate and usually distinctly dorsally arched in lateral view and the mesepisternum densely pubescent.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 2). Fidia cana was only collected in central, southern, and southwestern Texas, west of the 98th meridian, but it probably also occurs in adjacent north-central Mexico. Fattig (1948) recorded F. cana from Clayton, Georgia. Fattig's specimen was not seen, but this record is probably based on a misidentified specimen of one of the eastern species, most likely F. longipes.</p> <p>Specimens examined (134). UNITED STATES. TEXAS: Bandera Co., Lost Maples State Park, iv:21:1986 (TAMU:1), iv:27:1986 (TAMU:1); Blanco Co., 2.7 mi. S Pedernales Falls St. Pk., v:21:89 (EGRC:9), v:26:1991 (MSS:7); Bosque Co., 3 mi. w. Laguna Park, v:28:1971 (TAMU:1); Brewster Co., Big Bend Park, vi:15:1937 (TAMU:1), Chisos Mts., vi:23:61 (OSUC:1), vi:26:61 (OSUC:1); Burnet Co., Inks Lake St. Pk., v:21:1989 (EGRC:11); Comal Co., N. Braunfels, no date (USNM:7), N. Braunsfls [sic], 6:20 (MCZC:3), New Braunfels, vi–vii (USNM:5), no date (USNM:3); Gillespie Co., 2.7 mi. N Pedernales Falls St. Pk., v:26:1991 (EGRC:3), county only, vi:29:36 (OSUC:1, UCDC:2); Jeff Davis Co., Davis M., vi:8:39 (OSUC:1), Davis Mountains, vi:28:1986 (BYUC:2), Davis Mts., vii:6 (CASC:1), vii:9 (CASC:1), vi:24:56 (OSUC:2), Davis Mts. Resort, vi:30:1986 (BYUC:1); Kerr Co., Kerrville, vi:19:07 (USNM:2), vi:20:07 (USNM:1); Mills Co., Goldthwaithe, v:11:1974 (EGRC:1); Presidio Co., Marfa, vi:28:47 (USNM:30); Randall Co., county only, vii:7:50 (OSUC:1); Val Verde Co., Devil's Riv, v:5:07 (USNM:1), county only, iv:26:1973 (UADE:1); State only, no date (AMNH:1, FMNH:5, UAIC:18, USNM:2).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 21 April to 9 July.</p> <p>Natural History. The only host data given were "grapes", "grape + ivy", and Vitis sp. Sanderson (1906) reported F.cana attacking cultivated grape in Dripping Springs, Hays Co., Texas, and suggested that the species could become as troublesome a pest as was F. viticida in other parts of the country.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFBD747CA1C37D620EF2DDE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FFB3747FA1C37ECC0872DA49.text	039887A6FFB3747FA1C37ECC0872DA49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia chapini Strother & Staines 2008	<div><p>Fidia chapini Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 3, 108; Map 9)</p> <p>Holotype (♀) (TAMU): " MEXICO: Guerrero 3 km S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-98.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -98.4/lat 18.0)">Xalitla</a>, 610m N 18°00'; W 98°24' vii-1-1992; C. Bellamy / HOLOTYPE Fidia chapini M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is glued on a point and is in excellent condition with all appendages intact. The dissected abdominal sterna, terga and pygidium are glued on a rectangular card pinned beneath the specimen. The ovipositor, genital tract, and spermatheca are preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen.</p> <p>Description (of holotype). TL = 6.85 mm, HW = 3.61 mm. Color: Head glossy black with faint bluegreen luster, gena dark red-brown; pronotum glossy black with faint blue-green luster; elytra very dark redbrown verging on blackish basally, with blue-green luster more pronounced basally and laterally; thoracic sterna dark red-brown to nearly black on metasternum; abdominal sterna black with blue- to brassy-green metallic luster, pygidium dark red-brown; femora and tibiae dark red-brown, tarsi light red-brown; pubescence white. Pronotum: Slightly wider than long, widest at middle, slightly narrower anteriorly than posteriorly, sides evenly, distinctly arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum distinctly convex in lateral view, with an overall globose appearance; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate, punctures relatively large; interpunctal surface nitid; pubescence relatively sparse, erect on disc, suberect on lateral aspects, not obscuring surface sculpture. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus obsolete; apex of humeral callus impunctate, glabrous; asetose punctate-striae entirely obsolete, surface densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate, some punctures on lateral aspect, posteriad humeral callus, contiguous, giving surface feebly reticulate-undose (with undulating, broadish, nearly parallel depressions running more or less into each other; wavy) to reticulate-rugose appearance; pubescence moderately dense, suberect, not obscuring surface sculpture. Abdomen: Medial area of first four sterna evenly convex, uniformly punctate-pubescent; last sternum declivitous in lateral view, apical margin subtruncate, lacking medial process; pygidium dorsally flat in apical ½ with subacutely rounded apex. Legs: Femora gradually tapered towards base; spinose apical border of metatibia obtusely rounded. Penis: Males unknown. Spermatheca: Basal swelling type: proximal part not noticeably swollen, upper and lower surfaces subparallel, not constricted immediately proximad distal part, base with narrow constriction separating globular basal swelling; distal part subangulately recurved, gently tapered to small, acute, upturned apical appendix; spermathecal duct and spermathecal gland emanating from apex of basal swelling.</p> <p>Etymology. Named in honor of Joan B. Chapin for her indispensable guidance and assistance during this revision.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Large (approximately 6.85 mm); form robust in dorsal view (Fig. 3); pronotum noticeably wider than long; elytra coarsely punctate-reticulate; dorsum very dark red-brown to blackish with faint bluegreen luster; basal swelling type spermatheca (Fig. 108). Fidia chapini is very distinctive and is not likely to be confused with any other species.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 9). Known only from the holotype.</p> <p>Natural History. Unknown.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFB3747FA1C37ECC0872DA49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FFB0747EA1C379AE090DDE99.text	039887A6FFB0747EA1C379AE090DDE99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia clematis Schaeffer	<div><p>Fidia clematis Schaeffer</p> <p>(Figs. 4, 53, 57, 100; Map 6)</p> <p>Fidia clematis Schaeffer 1904: 227 (original description); Clavareau 1914: 76 (catalog); Leng 1920: 293 (catalog); Schultz 1970: 258 (dissertation); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist); Riley et al. 2003: 151 (catalog); Clark et al. 2004: 103 (host plants).</p> <p>Schaeffer did not designate a holotype, but he clearly indicated that he had more than one specimen by giving a range for the length measurement. In the introduction to his 1904 publication, he stated his intention to return to the lower Rio Grande Valley to acquire more specimens for his upcoming list of Coleoptera from the area. As a result, it is impossible to know whether all of the specimens bearing Schaeffer collection labels that are now housed in the major U.S. collections were actually before him in 1904. The type(s) is housed in the AMNH but was not examined during this study.</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 4.26–5.58 mm, HW = 2.12–2.72 mm. Females: TL = 5.00– 5.74 mm, HW = 2.56– 2.76 mm. Color: Entirely red-brown to nearly black with legs occasionally lighter than dorsum; pubescence white to straw-yellow. Pronotum: Slightly wider than long, widest at or immediately posteriad middle, sides arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum gently convex in lateral view; finely, densely punctate-reticulate; pubescence dense, subadpressed to adpressed, obscuring surface sculpture. Mesepisternum: Densely pubescent. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus obsolete to obsolescent; asetose punctate-striae well-developed, not impressed, usually obscured by dense, recumbent to subadpressed pubescence, interstices flat, densely punctulate-rugulose. Abdomen: Males with medial area of all sterna flattened, first sternum with relatively large, impunctate, glabrous area; second and third sterna often with much smaller, impunctate, glabrous area; last sternum occasionally with shallow, semicircular to broadly transverse medial impression; pygidium dorsally gently convex in apical ½ with broadly rounded apex. Females with medial area of all sterna evenly convex, uniformly punctate-pubescent; apical margin of last sternum broadly concave with medial area occasionally weakly to moderately produced into small, rounded process; pygidium dorsally flattened in apical ½ with subacutely rounded apex. Legs: Both sexes with femora gradually tapered to base and all basitarsi short, subtriangular, length 1.5–2 times apical width. Males: protibia distally curved ventrally; pro- and mesotibial spurs contiguous, stout, minutely rugulose; disco-setae on pro- and mesobasitarsi only. Penis: In posterior view, sides broadly, shallowly concave; apical emargination deep, U-shaped; apical lobes long, not noticeably tapered towards rounded apex. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part feebly convex; euventral surface feebly concave to nearly straight; distal portion subangulately tapered to acute apex. Sperm guide composed of single sclerite. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small to medium sized (4.26–5.74 mm.), red-brown to blackish, densely clothed with adpressed to recumbent, white to straw-yellow pubescence; pronotum finely punctulate-reticulate; mesepisternum densely pubescent; both sexes with pro- and mesobasitarsi short, subtriangular (Figs. 53, 57). Males with pro- and mesotibial spurs minutely rugulose; only pro- and mesobasitarsi bearing disco-setae; penis with deep, U-shaped apical emargination, apical lobes long with rounded apices (Fig. 100).</p> <p>Due to its limited U.S. distribution in extreme southern Texas, F. clematis is not likely to be confused with any other U.S. species, with the exception of F. viticida, which is generally larger (5.08–6.96 mm.), less densely pubescent, and has the basitarsi narrowly elongate. In Mexico, the densely, finely punctate pronotum and densely pubescent mesepisternum distinguishes F. clematis from all other species, with the exception of F. dichroma, which is a very distinctive species that differs considerably in other characters (see diagnosis of F. dichroma n. sp.) and which occurs in the mountains of Chiapas, Mexico and Guatemala, well south of the known distribution of F. clematis.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 6). Fidia clematis is known from the lower Rio Grande Valley area of Texas, south to central Veracruz, Mexico east of the Sierra Madre Oriental. The only elevational datum given was 100' from 14 mi. NW Tuxpam [sic], Vera Cruz, Mexico. The elevation throughout the known distribution is predominantly at or near sea level; F. clematis appears to be a lowland species.</p> <p>Specimens examined (121). MEXICO. NEUVO LEON: Apodaca, vii:27:63 (CMNC:1). SAN LUIS POTOSI: 8 mi. W. San Joaquin, iv:19:1963 (AMNH:1), Huichihuayan, ix:25:1938 (SEMC:1), microwave tower rd. nr. hwy. 70, km. mk. 82, vii:15:1982 (TAMU:2). TAMAULIPAS: 4.6 mi. n. Aldama, vii:11:1973 (TAMU:1), Bocatoma, 7 km SSE Gomez Farias, v:27–28:79 (EGRC:1), Bocatoma w.s., 7 km. SSE Gomez Farias, vi:1:1982 (RHT:1), vi:4:1982 (RHT:2), Ocampo Rd., 9.3 mi. W jct. hwy. 85 (RHT:1). VERACRUZ: 6 mi. N. Rinconada, ix:25:1976 (TAMU:1), 14 mi. NW. Tuxpam [sic], xii:29:1963 (CASC:1), Jicaltepec, 3:24:96 (MCZC:2), Paso de Telaga Jicaltepec, 4:1:96 (MCZC:2), 4:8:96 (MCZC:2), Sn. Rafael Jicaltepec, iii:11:96 (MCZC:1), iii:20:96 (MCZC:2), iii:21:96 (MCZC:1), 3:24:96 (MCZC:2), 6:19:96 (MCZC:1), 6:23:96 (MCZC:1).</p> <p>UNITED STATES. TEXAS: Cameron Co., 4–6 m W Bocha [sic] Chica, x:17–18:1985 (EGRC:1, JEWC:2), 6–7 mi. E. jct. 1419 on hwy. 4, x:20:1988 (EGRC:1), 8 mi. W Boca Chica, v:7:1978 (JEWC:3), 9– 10 mi W B. Chica, x:21:1978 (EGRC:1), 9–10 mi. W Boca Chica, xi:7:1982 (RHT:1), 10 m W B. Chica, v:29:1979 (JEWC:2), 12.5 mi. E. Brownsville on Hwy 4, x:14:88 (EGRC:18, TAMU:3), 20 km. E. Brownsville, x:14:88 (TAMU:4), Boca Chica Beach, x:14:88 (TAMU:1), Br'ville, v:9:3 (CASC:1), Brownsville, iv– v:12–20 (MCZC:2, SEMC:1), v:15:35 (OSUC:2), v:16:1985 (CMNC:1), v:25:34 (OSUC:1), vi:5:32 (CASC:1), vi:8:34 (OSUC:1), vi:9:32 (CASC:4), vi (SEMC:1, USNM:1), vii (SEMC:1), viii:8:37 (OSUC:2), no date (USNM:1), Esp. Rch. Brw., vi:03 (USNM:1), Esprza Rch Brownsville, v (USNM:1), vi (SEMC:3), Sabal Palm Grove, vi:9–10:1978 (JEWC:1), Sabal Palm Grove Aud. Sanct., x:20–22:89 (EGRC:1), Sabal Palm Grove Sanct. nr. Southmost, x:10:1979 (RHT:1), county only, 6:28:28 (SEMC:1); Hidalgo Co., Anzalduas Co. Pk., v:8:1986 (JEWC:1), Anzalduas Co. Prk., x:13:1977 (JEWC:1), Bentsen Pk., iv:19:1974 (CDAE:1, JEWC:1), Bentsen-Rio Grande St. Pk., vi:11:1975 (RHT:1), x:15–16:88 (TAMU:1), Bentsen-Rio Grande Val. St. Pk., x:15–16:1988 (EGRC:1, TAMU:12), Bentsen Rio Grande Valley St. Pk., v:17–18:79 (EGRC:3), S. Ana Refuge, x:20:1978 (JEWC:1), Santa Ana Wild. Ref., vi:16:1969 (TAMU:1). No locality, no date (FMNH:1, USNM:3).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 12 April to 7 November in Texas and from 11 March to 29 December in Mexico.</p> <p>Natural History. Two series of specimens were collected in Texas on " Cissus incisa ". Schaeffer (1904) reported collecting F. clematis on "different species of vines".</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFB0747EA1C379AE090DDE99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FFB67478A1C37C990872DF79.text	039887A6FFB67478A1C37C990872DF79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia comalensis Strother 2008	<div><p>Fidia comalensis Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 5, 80; Map 5)</p> <p>Holotype (♂) (TAMU): " MEXICO: Colima 11.8 mi. ne. Comala August 1, 1988 Ferreira, Schaffner / HOLO- TYPE Fidia comalensis M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is glued on a point and is in excellent condition with all of the appendages intact, except the left metathoracic leg which, along with the abdomen, is glued on the point with the specimen. The aedeagus and associated sclerites are preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. The holotype is the only specimen known.</p> <p>Description (of holotype). TL = 3.89 mm, HW = 1.78 mm. Color: Head black, pronotum black with faint blue-green luster; base color of elytron brownish-black to dark red-brown with light purple luster apically, humeral area red-orange, extending posteriorly approximately 1/2 length of elytron, extending from epipleuron to approximately 1/3 width of elytron from sutural margin; femora and tibiae dark red-brown to blackish with feeble blue luster, tarsi dark red-brown; meso- and metasterna dark red-brown; first two abdominal sterna brownish-black, third and fourth dark red-brown, last sternum fulvous, pygidium dark brown basally, fulvous apically; pubescence silvery-white. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at middle, sides distinctly convex in dorsal view, dorsum feebly convex in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate. Mesepisternum: Left mesepsternum with three small, fine setae; right obscured by point. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus weakly developed; asetose punctate-striae obsolete on disc, feebly developed on basolateral aspect; surface densely punctate, distally becoming weakly punctate-undulose to punctate-rugulose, setose punctures subequal in diameter to asetose punctures; pubescence moderately dense, not obscuring surface sculpture, setae relatively fine, recumbent, not distinctly ensate. Abdomen: First four sterna feebly flattened medially; first sternum with large, transverse, impunctate, glabrous area, second sternum with smaller, impunctate, glabrous area; last sternum evenly convex; pygidium dorsally feebly convex in apical ½ with apical margin broadly rounded. Legs: Femora gradually tapered towards base; tibial spurs of all legs small, lacking visible surface sculpture; all basitarsi subtriangular, apical width approximately 2/3 length; disco-setae present on all basitarsi. Penis: In posterior view, sides feebly tapered to bases of apical lobes; apex with large, semicircular emargination; apical lobes large, triangular, acutely rounded at apex. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part gently convex; euventral surface straight, tapered to acute, feebly euventrally directed apex. Sperm guide composed of upper and lower sclerites. Spermatheca: Females unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. Named for the type locality.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small (approximately 3.89 mm.); head black, pronotum black with faint blue-green luster, elytra dark red-brown with light purple luster, each with large red-orange humeral area; male with all basitarsi subtriangular, apical width approximately 2/3 length; apex of penis with large, semicircular emargination (Fig. 80); apical lobes large, triangular.</p> <p>Fidia comalensis is practically indistinguishable from F. dicelloposthe and F. humeralis based on external characters alone, although the holotype of F. comalensis has the basitarsi of all legs distinctly shorter and broader than those of the males of F. dicelloposthe or F. humeralis. Males of F. comalensis are readily distinguished from the latter two species in having the penis apically emarginate with large, triangular apical lobes, rather than bearing a spatulate, bifurcately tipped (F. dicelloposthe, Fig. 81) or small, acutely pointed (F. humeralis, Fig. 82) apical process. The females of these three species are either indistinguishable or the females of F. comalensis and F. dicelloposthe are unknown.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 5). Known only from the holotype.</p> <p>Natural History. Unknown.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFB67478A1C37C990872DF79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FFB77445A1C37C7E088DDF79.text	039887A6FFB77445A1C37C7E088DDF79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia confusa Strother	<div><p>Fidia confusa Strother</p> <p>(Figs. 6, 55, 66, 97; Map 2)</p> <p>Fidia confusa Strother 2003: 151 (replacement name for F. murina Crotch); Clark et al. 2004: 103 (host plants).</p> <p>Fidia murina Crotch 1873: 33 (nec Glover 1868:71), (original description); Henshaw 1885: 108 (checklist); Lefèvre 1885: 76 (catalog); Horn 1892: 199 (synonymized with F. viticida Walsh); Schultz 1970: 255 (dissertation, removed from synonymy, not a valid nomenclatural act); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist, removed from synonymy).</p> <p>Crotch (1873) neither designated a holotype in his description of F. murina, nor indicated the number of specimens he had before him, but he clearly implied that he had more than one specimen by giving the distribution as "Middle and Southern States". In the last sentence of his introductory paragraph, he stated, "All the species described are from the cabinets of Drs. LeConte and Horn..." It is impossible to know how many of the specimens now in the Horn and LeConte collections were before Crotch at the time of his description.</p> <p>Schultz (1970) indicated that he had seen a series of nine specimens from the LeConte collection headed by a specimen bearing a Fidia murina identification label; one male proved to be F. viticida. A study of specimens from the LeConte and Horn collections, housed in the MCZC, revealed twenty specimens fitting the brief description of F. murina given by Crotch. These specimens comprise three zoological taxa that, based on the external morphological characters used by Crotch, are superficially very similar. The question now arises as to which taxon should bear the name, F. murina Crotch, and, subsequently, which specimens should be excluded from the syntype series of F. murina.</p> <p>Among these specimens is a female bearing the following labels: [pink disk] / "J.L. LeConte Coll. / Type 5049 [number handwritten on red paper and glued to type label] / Fidia murina Dej. [handwritten] / Fidia viticida Walsh det. M.S.Strother 1993". The specimen is pinned through the right elytron and is in poor condition. Schultz (1970) mentioned this specimen in a brief discussion of types under his treatment of F. murina, incorrectly transcribing the fourth label as " Fidia murina Dg. ", but he gave no further information. The origin of the type label on this specimen is not known and is not here assumed to be the work of Crotch. The specimen is actually a specimen of F. viticida Walsh and is here expressly rejected as the type of F. murina. Ten other specimens in the Horn and LeConte collections are F. viticida and are here rejected as belonging to Crotch's syntype series. They are as follows: 1 ♂ no data, "Horn Coll H6725"; 1♂ " Dac. / Horn Coll H6725"; 1 ♂ " Ill. / 23 [handwritten] / Horn Coll H6725"; 1 ♂ " Marion County. / Horn Coll H6725"; 1 ♂ " Neb. / Horn Coll H6725"; 1 ♂ " Tex. / Horn Coll H6725"; 1♂, 1 ♀ no data, "J.L. LeConte Collection" (♂ dissected); 1 ♀ " Ill. / 817 [handwritten]/ J.L. LeConte Collection "; and 1 ♂ "Ks. / J.L. LeConte Collection " (dissected). Each of these specimens also bears the label, " Fidia viticida Walsh det. M.S.Strother 1993".</p> <p>Of the nine remaining specimens, three are females of F. texana Schaeffer. In his description, Crotch specifically gives characters of the male metasternum and abdominal sterna for the species he considered to be F. murina. Since he did not have males of F. texana before him, his description could not have applied to this species. As a result, these specimens are here rejected as belonging to Crotch's syntype series. They are as follows: 1 ♀ "Tex / Horn Coll H6725" and 2 ♀♀ "Columbus 23 ⋅ 5 Texas / 648. [handwritten / J.L. LeConte Collection". Each of these specimens also bears the label, " Fidia texana Schaeffer det. M.S.Strother 1993".</p> <p>The six remaining specimens represent a third zoological taxon to which no published name other than F. murina Crotch has been applied. These six specimens are here considered to exclusively comprise the syntype series of F. murina Crotch. A male bearing the following labels, "C. Mo. / JUNE. / Horn Coll H 6725 / LECTO- TYPE Fidia murina Crotch design. M.S.Strother 1993 [red]", is the lectotype (Strother 2003). The specimen is pinned through the right elytron and is missing the left eleventh antennomere. Some setae on the pronotum and elytra have been abraded, but the specimen is otherwise in very good condition. The other five specimens are paralectotypes and are as follows: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ no data, "J.L. LeConte Collection" and 1♀ "Ill. [handwritten] / J.L. LeConte Collection". Each of these specimens also bears the label, " PARALECTOTYPE Fidia murina Crotch design. M. S. Strother 1993 [yellow]". All five types are deposited in the MCZC.</p> <p>Fidia longipes: Isely 1930 (misidentification), ex parte.</p> <p>Fidia viticida: Isely 1942 (misidentification), ex parte; Rouse &amp; Medvedev 1972: 79 (checklist), ex parte; Riley &amp; Enns 1979:65 (checklist), ex parte.</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 5.32–7.00 mm, HW = 2.52–3.28 mm. Females: TL = 5.48–7.20 mm, HW = 2.56– 3.68 mm. Color: Entirely pale orange-brown to castaneous; legs occasionally appearing lighter than dorsum; thoracic sterna often slightly darker than dorsum; pubescence white to straw-yellow. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at or immediately posteriad middle, sides distinctly arcuate; densely, finely punctatereticulate; pubescence dense, recumbent, not completely obscuring surface sculpture. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus weakly to moderately developed; asetose punctate-striae well-developed, often obscured by pubescence, interstices flat to feebly convex, densely, minutely punctulate-rugulose; pubescence dense, recumbent, either forming distinct longitudinal rows between striae or appearing evenly distributed. Abdomen: Males with small to medium-sized, impunctate, glabrous area on first and usually second sternum; last sternum usually with broad, shallow, subrectangular to semicircular, transverse medial impression; pygidium dorsally convex in apical ½ with broadly rounded to subtruncate apex. Females with medial area of all sterna evenly convex, uniformly punctate-pubescent; last sternum with small, shallow to deep, circular to semicircular medial fovea; pygidium shallowly impressed at posterolateral angles on either side of slightly elevated midline, sides reflexed, apex subacutely rounded. Legs: Both sexes with femora gradually tapered towards base. Males with protibia distally slightly ventrally curved; pro- and mesotibial spurs stout, contiguous, minutely rugulose; probasitarsus subequal in width for most of length; disco-setae on pro- and mesobasitarsi only. Penis: In posterior view, sides gently concave near middle, widest at apical lobes; apical emargination broad, shallow, basally truncate to feebly concave; apical lobes small, feebly tapered, with subtruncate to rounded apex. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part feebly convex; euventral surface slightly convex; apex tapered to acute point. Sperm guide composed of lower sclerite only. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Large (5.32-7.20 mm.); entirely pale orange-brown to castaneous with white to straw-yellow pubescence; pronotum finely punctate-reticulate. Males with probasitarsus broad for most of length (Fig. 55); penis (Fig. 97) with broad, shallow apical emargination; apical emargination basally slightly concave to truncate; apical lobes small, widely separated. Females with distinct, circular to semicircular medial fovea on last abdominal sternum (Fig. 66).</p> <p>Specimens of F. confusa are very similar to F. texana and F. viticida in almost every aspect of their external morphology, but males of the first two species have the probasitarsus wider in the basal ½, giving it a slightly swollen appearance, whereas males of F. viticida have the probasitarsus gradually tapered towards the base (Fig. 56). In addition males of F. confusa and F. texana have the apical emargination of the penis very broad and shallow (Figs. 96–97), whereas in F. viticida it is semicircular and approximately as deep as wide (Fig. 99). Males of F.confusa are distinguished from males of F. texana by having the base of the apical emargination truncate to slightly concave and the apical lobes acutely rounded to subtruncate, whereas F. texana has the base of the apical emargination slightly convex and the apical lobes almost feebly to distinctly pointed apically. Females of F. confusa and F. texana are readily distinguished by the shallow, circular fovea of the last abdominal segment, which is lacking in F. viticida. No consistent character was found to separate females of F. confusa and F. texana; however, F. confusa tends to be smaller and paler than F. texana, and often has the elytral pubescence arranged in feeble to distinct rows between the punctate-striae, a condition never found in F. texana. Finally, the two species appear to be allopatric, with F. texana occurring only in central Texas and New Mexico, and F. confusa having a much broader range throughout the central U.S.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 2). Fidia confusa occurs from central Illinois south to north-central Louisiana, from eastern Kansas and Oklahoma to western Kentucky and Tennessee. Only three collecting elevations, " 798 ft. ", " 900 ft. ", and " 1114 ft. " for Montgomery, Douglas, and Cowley counties, Kansas, respectively, were given.</p> <p>Specimens examined (191). UNITED STATES. ARKANSAS: Washington Co., Fayetteville, vii:6:09 (UADE:1), Springdale, vi:20:1930 (UCDC:5), county only, v:1941 (UADE:17, USNM:6), vi:26:1928 (UADE:10), 6:xvii:40 (UADE:2), vii:13:1928 (UADE:3), vii:15:1928 (UADE:16); Yell Co., 6 mi. N.W. Danville, viii:27:1975 (MUIC:1), No county, South West Ark., no date (AMNH:1). ILLINOIS: Calhoun Co., Kampsville, vi:10:1932 (INHS:1); Champaign Co., Cham., vi:11:1911 (INHS:1), Champaign, vii:16:1939 (INHS:2), Urbana, vi:26:1923 (INHS:1), vii:5:1925 (INHS:2); Edwards Co., Albion, no date (BMNH:1); Madison Co., Collinsville, vi:24:1927 (INHS:3), vi:30:1927 (INHS:9); Pike Co., Pittsfield, vii:5:46 (UCDC:1), vii:6:1946 (UCDC:2), vii:9:1946 (UCDC:2); St. Clair Co., Kahokia, 1:7:03 (UMRM:1), county only, vi:15:1908 (UMRM:1); Vermillion Co., Oakwood, vi:18:1939 (INHS:5); County not known, Hick's Branch Eichorn, vi:24:1932 (INHS:1), State only, v:25:75 (USNM:1), no date (USNM:1). INDIANA: Vermillion Co., county only, viii:17:21 (CUIC:1). KANSAS: Cowley Co., county only, 1916 (SEMC:2); Douglas Co., Baldwin, vi:16:1906 (AMNH:2, USNM:7), vi:17:1906 (AMNH:1), Lawrence vicinity, vi:24:1980 (SEMC:1), county only, no date (CUIC:1, SEMC:1); Miami Co., county only, 1915 (SEMC:2); Montgomery Co., county only, 1916 (SEMC:1); Shawnee Co., Topeka, no date (USNM:1); Wyandotte Co., county only, vi:22:24 (SEMC:1); State only, no date (CASC:4, INHS:2, MCZC:2). KENTUCKY: State only, no date (AMNH:1, CUCC:3, INHS:1, USNM:3). LOUISIANA: Morehouse Par., near Oak Ridge, vi:26:1979 (LSUC:1). MISSISSIPPI: Grenado Co., county only, 6:11:44 (CDAE:1). MISSOURI: Boone Co., Ashland Wildlife Area, vii:15:1970 (UMRM:1), C., vi (MCZC:1, UMRM:2, USNM:9), no date (DEFW:1), Columbia, vi:27:1978 (UMRM:1), vii:1:1919 (UMRM:1), vii:15:1970 (UMRM:1); Callaway Co., Tucker Prairie, vii:24:1968 (UMRM:1); Gasconade Co., Jct. Crider Creek and A, vi:26:74 (EGRC:1); Holt Co., Mound City. viii:29:1969 (UMRM:1); Jasper Co., county only, viii:14:1963 (UMRM:1); Madison Co., 3 mi. W. Frederick- town, vi:20:1978 (EGRC:1); Phelps Co., Royal, vi:17:1971 (UMRM:2); Randolph Co., 1 mi. E. Moberly, vi:26:74 (EGRC:1), vii:10:72 (EGRC:1), vii:14:76 (EGRC:1), vii:24:73 (EGRC:1), vii:27:73 (EGRC:1); St. Charles Co., Weldon Springs, vii:11:84 (FSCA:1); Vernon Co., 4 mi. w. Montevallo, vi:14:1966 (TAMU:1), vi:24:1966 (TAMU:1), Vieth farm 5 mi. east Nevada, MO., vi:4:1959 (FSCA:1); Wayne Co., Wmsville, vii:10:1947 (UMRM:1). NEW JERSEY: State only, no date (CASC:1). [This is most likely a mislabeled specimen because New Jersey is approximately 700 mi. east of the known continuous distribution of F. confusa.] OKLAHOMA: Atoka Co., Atoka Indian Trail, vi:13–15 (USNM:1); Choctaw Co., Hugo, vi:11:1939 (OSEC:1); Delaware Co., Grove, vi:5:1934 (OSEC:1); Latimer Co., county only, vi:1981 (EGRC:1), vi:85 (FSCA:1); LeFlore Co., county only, viii:14:1931 (OSEC:1). TENNESSEE: Montgomery Co., Clarksville, 6:3:1936 (SEMC:1), 6:21:1936 (SEMC:1). No locality, no date (INHS:3, MCZC:1 [bears yellow circular LeConte label], UADE:2).</p> <p>Temporal Data: Collecting dates ranged from 25 May to 29 August.</p> <p>Natural History. Plant associations include cotton and grape, with the former probably representing an accidental association. Seventeen specimens from the UADE and six specimens from the USNM bear the label, "Reared by D. Isely ", with one of the USNM specimens also bearing the handwritten label, "read [sic] from larvae on roots of grape D. Isely ". This confirms that grape is a host plant for this species and indicates that F. confusa may have been responsible, at least in part, for the Arkansas "grape rootworm" outbreak of 1928. In addition, specimens have been collected at lights and in Malaise and Leggett traps.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. The name, F. murina, was first used by Dejean in the second edition of his catalog (1836). Dejean merely listed the name, failing to give a description or indication, and the name was, therefore, a nomen nudum (Art. 12, ICZN 1999). Glover (1868) unknowingly made F. murina available with a small, unlabelled drawing and a very brief comparison to a scarab. Glover's name is herein considered a nomen dubium (see discussion under F. murina Glover following the species treatments), but it still takes priority over Crotch's name. As a result, F. murina Crotch is a junior primary homonym. Horn (1892), apparently unaware of Glover's description, attributed authorship of F. murina to Crotch. He synonymized it with F. viticida Walsh and was followed by Clavareau (1914), Leng (1920), and Balsbaugh &amp; Hays (1972). Schultz (1970), based on differences in male genitalia, correctly discerned the taxon described by Crotch and removed it from synonymy with F. viticida. In addition, Schultz placed F. texana Schaeffer in synonymy with F. murina Crotch. Like Horn, however, he was unaware of the homonymous relationship between the Glover and Crotch names. Schultz's unpublished nomenclatural changes were made available by Wilcox (1975).</p> <p>Isely (1930) reported a 1928 outbreak of what he believed to be F. longipes in Arkansas. In 1942, he indicated that F. viticida had actually been the species involved. Strother examined Isely's specimens from both of these publications and found many specimens of F. confusa along with specimens of F. viticida. It is not surprising that Isely did not realize he was dealing with two species because at the time of his work no one had discovered the genitalic differences between them.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFB77445A1C37C7E088DDF79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF8A7447A1C37C7E0B3ED851.text	039887A6FF8A7447A1C37C7E0B3ED851.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia convexicollis Strother 2008	<div><p>Fidia convexicollis Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 7, 26, 29, 31, 45, 92, 103; Map 3)</p> <p>Fidia longipes: Schultz 1970: 245 (dissertation), ex parte.</p> <p>Holotype ♂ (EGRC deposited in MCZC): " TEXAS: Anderson Co. Engeling Wdlf. Manag. Ar., V-30-1992 Coll. E. G. Riley / collected on Vitis rotundifolia Michx. var. rotundifolia det. M.O. Moore 1992 / HOLO- TYPE Fidia convexicollis M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is glued on a point and is in excellent condition, with all appendages intact. The genitalia were not dissected. Paratypes: One-hundred and nine specimens bearing the same labels as the holotype and seven specimens bearing the same locality label but with the second label, "collected on Parthenocissus ". Each paratype also bears the label, " PARATYPE Fidia convexicollis M.S.Strother 1993 [yellow]". The deposition of the paratypes is as follows: AMNH:15, EGRC:41, MCZC:15, LSUC:15, TAMU:15, USNM:15.</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 4.24–5.28 mm, HW = 1.92–2.36 mm. Females: TL = 4.32–5.84 mm, HW = 2.04–2.76 mm. Color: Entirely black, occasionally very dark red-brown; pubescence silvery-white to strawyellow. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at or immediately posteriad middle, sides moderately to distinctly arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum strongly arched in lateral view, dorsum less strongly arched in several specimens; densely, finely punctate-reticulate; uniformly densely pubescent, setae recumbent to adpressed. Mesepisternum: Densely pubescent. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus obsolete or obsolescent; asetose punctate-striae present, not deeply impressed, usually obscured by pubescence; interstices flat, densely, minutely punctulate-rugulose; pubescence dense, appearing uniformly distributed, setae recumbent to subadpressed. Abdomen: Males with medial area of all sterna moderately to feebly flattened, first and usually second sterna with impunctate, glabrous area; pygidium dorsally convex in apical ½ with broadly rounded apex. Females with medial area of all sterna gently convex, uniformly punctate-pubescent; apical margin of last sternum bearing weakly to well-developed, rounded medial process; pygidium dorsally flat to feebly impressed in apical ½, apical margin slightly reflexed, apex more acutely rounded than in males. Legs: Both sexes with femora gradually tapered towards base and protibiae slightly to feebly curved ventrally. Males with pro- and mesotibial spurs stout, minutely rugulose, protibial spurs separated by slightly more than width of one spur, mesotibial spurs contiguous; disco-setae on pro- and mesobasitarsi only. Penis: In posterior view, sides feebly concave to subparallel, widest at base of apical lobes; apical emargination basally subtruncate to feebly concave, rarely with feebly developed medial tooth; apical lobes acutely rounded to subtruncate at apex. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part moderately to strongly convex, especially in apical 1/3; euventral surface concave; apex tapered to slightly euventrally directed point; midline of euventral surface slightly elevated above level of apical lobes, giving euventral apical outline a slightly humped appearance immediately proximad the apex. Sperm guide composed of lower sclerite only. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Etymology. From Latin convexus, meaning arched outward, and the adjectival collis derived from the noun collum, meaning neck; denoting the strongly arched pronotal dorsum.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized (4.24–5.84 mm.); entirely very dark red-brown to black; pronotum finely punctate-reticulate, with dorsum strongly arched in lateral view (Fig. 31); mesepisternum densely pubescent. Male with apical emargination of penis basally subtruncate to feebly concave, rarely with feebly developed medial tooth (Fig. 92).</p> <p>Most specimens of F. convexicollis differ from other species by having the pronotal dorsum strongly arched; however, some specimens have the pronotum less strongly arched and may be confused with F. rileyorum. Fidia convexicollis is distinguished from the latter by the entirely dark femora and the finely punctate, densely pubescent pronotum.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 3). Most specimens were collected in the northern and central portions of east Texas, but a single specimen was collected in extreme south-central Oklahoma.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (256). UNITED STATES. OKLAHOMA: Marshall Co., near Willis, vi:1965 (UCDC:1). TEXAS: Anderson Co., Engeling Wdlf. Manag. Ar., vi:13:1992 (EGRC:31), Salmon, v:1– 15:1974 (TAMU:2), v:17–vi:6:1975 (TAMU:3), vi:9–27:1975 (TAMU:1), vi:27–vii:11:1975 (TAMU:4), vii:20–viii:3:1975 (TAMU:2), viii:4–10:1975 (TAMU:1), viii:10–17:1975 (TAMU:1); Angelina Co., 10 mi. N Lufkin, v:9:1952 (AMNH:6); Harrison Co., Karnack, v:17:48 (OSUC:2); Houston Co., Kennard, v:30:1992 (EGRC:8); Leon Co., 1 mi. E Jct. hwy 81 on hwy 7, v:30:1992 (EGRC:18); 5 mi. E Normangee on hwy OSR, v:30:1991 (EGRC:5); near Oakwood, v:24:1991 (MSS:49), Oakwood, vi:4:1956 (CMNC:4); Robertson Co., 4.3 miles north jct OSR &amp; FM 1940 (TAMU:1).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 1–15 May to 10–17 August (both records from Malaise traps).</p> <p>Natural History. Plant associations include Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.), Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. lincecumii (Buckley) Manson, V. mustangensis Buckley, V. rotundifolia Michx. var. rotundifolia, and Vitis sp. (Vitaceae). A single specimen was collected on Gaillardia sp. (Asteraceae); additional specimens were taken in Malaise traps.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF8A7447A1C37C7E0B3ED851	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF887446A1C37BA60872DEA6.text	039887A6FF887446A1C37BA60872DEA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia costaricensis Strother & Staines 2008	<div><p>Fidia costaricensis Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 8, 102; Map 11)</p> <p>Holotype ♂ (INBIO): "Sn Pedro M Oca 4 junio 1984 Col: A. Solis B [handwritten] / COSTA RICA INBIO CRI001004054 [bar code label] / HOLOTYPE Fidia costaricensis M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is glued on a point, with the dissected abdominal sterna, terga, and pygidium glued on a card pinned beneath specimen. The aedeagus and associated sclerites are preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. It is in good condition except for the following: the left eleventh antennomere and the apical 1/4 of the right elytron are missing, and there is a hole near the suture from the original pin. The holotype is the only specimen known.</p> <p>Description (of holotype). TL = 4.88 mm, HW = 2.51 mm. Color: Head black with faint bluish luster, labrum dark red-brown; pronotum glossy black; elytra glossy black anteriorly with deep, dark red-brown tint near apices; femora glossy black with faint bluish luster, basally and ventrally dark red-brown; tibiae basally black, becoming dark red-brown apically; tarsi dark red-brown to nearly black basally; thoracic sterna, abdominal sterna, and pygidium glossy black with faint dark red-brown tint along sutures and margins; pubescence predominantly white on head, pronotum, scutellum, lateral and sutural margins of elytra, and venter; some setae on anterior portion of pronotal disc and anteromedial portion of each elytron brownish-black. Pronotum: Slightly wider than long, widest at middle, slightly narrowed anteriorly, less so posteriorly, sides gently convex in dorsal view, dorsum feebly convex in lateral view; moderately densely punctate, punctures fine; pubescence sparse, long, fine, erect, with apex of each seta recurved, not obscuring surface sculpture. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus weakly developed; humeral callus impunctate, glabrous; asetose punctate-striae obsolete on disc, more or less evident on lateral aspect, setose punctules sparsely placed, feebly impressed on disc, much more closely placed and deeply impressed laterally, imparting weakly undulate- or reticulate-rugose appearance to lateral aspect; pubescence sparse, setae long, hairlike, erect. Abdomen: Medial area of first sternum flattened; medial area of second, third, and fourth sterna gently concave with dense, transverse mat of short, stout, posteriorly directed golden setae; last sternum with large, moderately deep, broadly oval, transverse impression bordered on each lateral margin by short, longitudinal callus bearing dense tuft of long, erect setae, apical margin of last sternum broadly convex; pygidium subquadrate, gently tapered to broad, truncate apex, dorsum with shallow impression immediately anteromesad each posterolateral angle. Legs: Femora robust, abruptly tapered towards base; spinose external apical margin of metatibia subobtusely rounded; all tibial spurs small, lacking visible surface sculpture; probasitarsus gradually tapered towards base, disco-setae on pro- and mesotarsi only. Penis: In posterior view, sides parallel; apex convex with narrow medial notch extending approximately ½ distance from apex of penis to posterior margin of ostium, angles at opening of notch approximately 90°. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part gently convex; euventral surface feebly convex, tapered gradually to acute apex. Viewed from beneath, euventral surface deeply excavated near apex creating broad, recurved flange on either side of midline. Sperm guide absent. Spermatheca: Females unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. Named for the country in which the holotype was collected.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized (approximately 4.88 mm.); glossy black with sparse, fine, suberect to erect pubescence; pronotal punctures fine; elytra lacking distinct punctate-striae on disc; elytral disc with numerous brownish-black setae in addition to white setae. Male with dense, transverse mat of short, stout setae on medial area of abdominal sterna II–IV, last sternum with large, moderately deep, broadly oval, transverse impression bordered on each lateral margin by short, longitudinal callus bearing dense tuft of long, erect setae; apex of penis with narrow medial notch extending approximately ½ distance from apex of penis to posterior margin of ostium, angles at opening of notch approximately 90° (Fig. 102). Females are unknown.</p> <p>Fidia costaricensis is quite distinctive and is not likely to be confused with any other known species. Males of F. guatemalensis have similar abdominal modifications, but are brassy-black with gold or purple luster, the pronotum is coarsely punctate-reticulate, the elytral disc has coarse, irregular punctate-striae, and the spinose external apical margin of the metatibia is acutely subangulate.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 11). Known only from the holotype.</p> <p>Natural History. Unknown.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF887446A1C37BA60872DEA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF8E7440A1C37AB60B96DB39.text	039887A6FF8E7440A1C37AB60B96DB39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia delilahae Strother 2008	<div><p>Fidia delilahae Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 9, 63, 71, 95; Map 4)</p> <p>Fidia longipes: Balsbaugh &amp; Hayes 1972: 73–74 (faunal study), ex parte.</p> <p>Holotype (♂, MCZC): "AL: Fayette Co.; 2.7 mi. w of hwy 107 on hwy 18; 23-v-1992 coll. by M.S.Strother / collected on Parthenocissus quinquefolia &amp; Vitis aestivalis / HOLOTYPE Fidia delilahae M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is glued on a point and is in excellent condition with all appendages intact. Paratypes: Seventy-four specimens bearing the same data labels as holotype. Each bears the label, " PARATYPE Fidia delilahae M.S.Strother 1993 [yellow]". The deposition of the paratypes is as follows: AMNH:10; AUEM:10; EGRC:10; LSUC:10; MCZC:10; MSS:4; MUIC:10; USNM:10.</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 3.92–4.92 mm, HW = 1.80–2.32 mm. Females: TL = 4.28–5.40 mm, HW = 2.08–2.60 mm. Color: Entirely very dark red-brown to black, darker specimens occasionally with very faint metallic blue tint on dorsum; legs often slightly lighter than dorsum; pubescence usually golden, but white in some specimens. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at or immediately posteriad middle, sides feebly to distinctly arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum gently convex in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate; pubescence fine, recumbent, not obscuring surface sculpture. Mesepisternum: Densely pubescent. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus obsolete; asetose punctate-striae distinct, interstices flat to feebly convex, moderately densely to densely rugulose-punctulate, moderately densely pubescent with setae appearing uniformly distributed, not forming distinct rows between striae. Abdomen: Males with medial area of first three sterna flat to feebly impressed; first sternum with impunctate, glabrous area; second and third sterna often bearing similar area; last two sterna gently convex medially, uniformly punctate-pubescent; pygidium dorsally convex in apical ½ with apex subacutely rounded. Females with medial area of all sterna gently convex, uniformly punctate-pubescent; apical margin of last sternum with well-developed, jagged-tipped to subtruncate, medial process; pygidium with apical ½ shallowly impressed dorsally, apex more acutely rounded than in males, lateral margin with small, preapical protuberance. Legs: Both sexes with femora gradually tapered towards base. Males with preapical ventral surface of protibia shallowly excavated; pro- and metatibiae distally feebly to slightly curved ventrally; pro- and mesotibial spurs stout, minutely rugulose, protibial spurs separated by approximately the width of one spur, mesotibial spurs contiguous; disco-setae present on pro- and mesobasitarsi only. Penis: In posterior view, sides subparallel, widest at bases of apical lobes; apical emargination broad, deep with small rounded medial tooth; apical lobes feebly curved mesally, distinctly tapered towards narrow, acutely rounded apex. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part continuously convex; euventral surface moderately concave, distally tapered to feebly euventrally curved apex. Sperm guide composed of lower sclerite only. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Etymology. Named for my wife, Delilah Warrick, for her indispensable assistance, patience, and understanding throughout the course of this study.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (3.92–5.40 mm.); entirely black to dark red-brown; femora entirely dark, not conspicuously lighter basally; pronotal punctation coarse. Males with apical emargination of penis wide, deep, with small, distinct medial tooth (Fig. 95); apical lobes long, tapered toward apex. Females with apical margin of last abdominal sternum bearing well-developed, jagged-tipped medial process (Fig. 63).</p> <p>Specimens of F. delilahae are most likely to be confused with F. longipes and F. rileyorum, but the entirely dark femora distinguish them from the latter two species. Both F. longipes and F. rileyorum have at least one pair of femora either conspicuously lighter (flavous to testaceous) basally or have the femora entirely light (flavous to testaceous).</p> <p>Distribution (Map 4). Fidia delilahae is known only from northwestern Alabama and extreme northeastern Mississippi, but may also occur in extreme south-central Tennessee.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (111).</p> <p>UNITED STATES. ALABAMA: Fayette Co., 10 mi. N. of Fayette on Hwy 43, v:23:1992 (MSS:1); Marion Co., 2.1 mi. N. of Hwy 43 on Hwy 187, vi:1:1992 (MSS:13); Tuscaloosa Co., 2.3 mi. N. of Hwy 82 on Hwy 69, vi:1:1992 (MSS:4), 13.3 mi. N. of Hwy 82 on Hwy 69, vi:1:1992 (MSS:13); Winston Co., Natural Bridge Rec. Area, Ala. 33, 1 mi. N. U.S. 278, vi:26–27:1963 (AUEM:1), W.B. Bankhead Nat'l. For. 2.5 mi. N. of U.S. 278vi:3:1964 (AUEM:1). MISSISSIPPI: Lowndes Co., 0.7 mi W of AL on Hwy 12, v:23:1992 (MSS:3).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 23 May to 27 June.</p> <p>Natural History. The type series was collected predominantly on Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) growing on sandy soil along a roadside ditch, with a few specimens also on Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. aestivalis (identified by M.O. Moore, University of Georgia). Additional specimens were taken by Strother on Ampelopsis arborea (L.) and Vitis spp.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF8E7440A1C37AB60B96DB39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF8F7443A1C378B40872D829.text	039887A6FF8F7443A1C378B40872D829.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia dicelloposthe Strother & Staines 2008	<div><p>Fidia dicelloposthe Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 10, 81; Map 5)</p> <p>Holotype ♂ (BMNH): "Tejupilco, Mex. Temescaltepec / ca. 4000ft. 1932 B.M. 1959-100 / H.E. Hinton, R.L. Usinger Collectors / HOLOTYPE Fidia dicelloposthe M.S.Strother 1993 " [red]. The specimen is glued on a point and is in fair condition, with the following structures missing: right antennomeres 6–11, left antennomeres 3–11, right metathoracic leg, right mesofemur, right protarsomeres 2–5, left protarsomeres 4–5, right mesotarsomeres 2–5, and left metatarsomeres 4–5. The abdomen and right mesotibia with basitarsus are glued on the point with the specimen. The aedeagus and associated sclerites are preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen.</p> <p>Description (of holotype). TL = 3.92 mm, HW = 1.84 mm. Color: Head black with feeble greenish-blue luster on vertex, frons, and basal portion of clypeus, apical margin of clypeus dark red-brown; pronotum black with faint greenish-blue luster; base color of elytron dark red-brown with light purple luster, humeral area redorange, extending posteriorly from base of elytron to almost ½ its length and medially from epipleuron to approximately 1/3 width of elytron from sutural margin; femora, tibiae, and tarsi dark red-brown with feeble blue luster, femora lighter basally; meso- and metasterna shiny brownish-black; abdominal sterna black with faint blue luster, apical margin of last sternum medially fulvous; pygidium dark red-brown; pubescence silvery-white, some setae with golden tinge. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at middle, sides arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum feebly convex in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate; pubescence fine, recumbent, not obscuring surface sculpture. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus developed, not prominent; asetose punctate-striae obsolete on disc, more or less evident basally and laterally; densely, coarsely punctate, punctures occasionally arranged in short, sinuate, feebly impressed, transverse rows giving surface feebly punctate-undose appearance; pubescence moderately sparse, fine, recumbent, not obscuring surface sculpture. Abdomen: Medial area of all sterna evenly convex; first sternum with impunctate, glabrous area; pygidium dorsally feebly convex in apical ½ with broadly rounded apex. Legs: Femora gradually tapered towards base; tibial spurs of all legs small, lacking visible surface sculpture; all basitarsi elongate triangular, length twice apical width; disco-setae on all basitarsi. Penis: In posterior view, sides subparallel; apex with rounded corners, tapered to bifurcate, spatulate apical process. The penis of this specimen was inadvertently left in the potassium hydroxide solution too long during the dissection procedure and became distorted and wrinkled. As a result the shape in lateral view is not informative. Sperm guide composed of upper and lower sclerites. Spermatheca: Females unknown.</p> <p>Etymology. From Greek dicello, meaning mattock or pick-axe with two teeth, and posthe, meaning penis; referring to the bifurcate, spatulate apical process of the penis.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small (approximately 3.92 mm.); head and pronotum black with faint greenish-blue luster; elytra dark red-brown with light purple luster; each elytron with large red-orange humeral area; basitarsi elon- gate triangular, length twice apical width; penis (Fig. 81) with large apical process tapered to small, bifurcate, spatulate apex. Females are unknown or indistinguishable from F. comalensis and F. humeralis. See diagnosis under F. comalensis for characters distinguishing F. dicelloposthe from F. comalensis and F. humeralis.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 5). Known only from the holotype.</p> <p>Natural History. Unknown.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF8F7443A1C378B40872D829	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF8C7442A1C37B8E0872DD09.text	039887A6FF8C7442A1C37B8E0872DD09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia dichroma Strother & Staines 2008	<div><p>Fidia dichroma Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 11, 39, 59, 68, 75, 88; Map 6)</p> <p>Holotype ♂ (MCZC): " MEXICO: Chiapas Mirador El Caminero on hwy. 195 27 June 1990 R. Turnbow / HOLOTYPE Fidia dichroma M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is glued on a point and is in excellent condition with all structures intact or preserved with the specimen as follows: abdomen and left mesothoracic leg glued on the point with the specimen, left protarsomeres 3–5 and aedeagus with associated sclerites preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. Paratypes (7): " GUATEMALA: Suchitepeqeuz Zapotitlan, 1525 meters Finca Las Nubes 16 June '73 Ginter Ekis / Comp. with Bowditch coll. Not in MCZC MCZC-B, E.G.Riley, 87" (EGRC:1); same data as holotype (RHT:1); " MEXICO: Chiapas Mirador El Caminero Hwy 195 11km S Rayon 1900m, 27-VI-1990 M.C. Thomas " (FSCA:2); " 10 mi. N. Bochil Chis. Mex. V.4, 1969 H.F.Howden " (CMNC:1); and " Col. Pinabeto, Chapis [sic], Mex. VII-22-74 / Coll. by W.F. Chamberlain " (TAMU:2). Each paratype also bears the label, " PARATYPE Fidia dichroma M. S. Strother 1993 [yellow]".</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 3.68–4.00 mm, HW = 1.64–1.68 mm. Females: TL = 4.12–4.68 mm, HW = 1.88–2.12 mm. Color: Sexes dimorphic in color. Males: head, prothorax, and femora fulvous to orangebrown; elytra black with distinct aeneous luster; mesosternum, metasternum, and abdominal sterna dark redbrown to blackish; tibiae basally testaceous to orange-brown, dorsally and distally dark red-brown to nearly black; pubescence of head, pronotal disc, and coarser setae of basal, lateral, and sutural areas of elytron strawyellow, pubescence of venter and lateral aspect of pronotum immediately dorsad procoxal cavity whitish. Females: variable; entirely testaceous to orange-brown with blackish abdomen and dark tibial apices and tarsi; colored as in males, but elytron predominantly orange-brown with wide, continuous very dark red-brown suture and preapical area; specimen from Guatemala entirely dark orange-brown with legs and elytra predominantly dark red-brown; pubescence colored as in males except in specimen from Guatemala which has elytral pubescence whitish rather than straw-yellow. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at middle, sides moderately arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum nearly straight in lateral view; densely punctate-reticulate, pubescence moderately dense. Mesepisternum: Densely pubescent. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus well-developed, posteriorly and mesally bordered by poorly defined, shallow impression; asetose punctate-striae obsolete on disc, laterally becoming well-developed with convex interstices; surface of disc moderately densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate, laterally becoming weakly punctate-undose or punctate-strigose; setae along sutural margin and lateral aspect stouter and more densely placed than sparsely distributed, hair-like setae on disc. Abdomen: Males with medial area of first three sterna flat, impunctate, glabrous; fourth sternum with low, rounded callus, bearing several long, posteriorly directed setae, situated on either side of weakly impressed medial area; last sternum with small, shallow, subcircular impression, posterolaterally bordered by dense, semicircular tuft of long, erect setae; pygidium dorsally convex in apical ½ with subacutely rounded apex. Females with medial area of all sterna evenly convex, uniformly punctate-pubescent; apical margin of last sternum with small, semicircular notch; pygidium dorsally flattened in apical ½ with small, angulate apical process on subacutely rounded apex. Legs: Both sexes with pro- and mesofemur distinctly swollen, widest at or immediately distad middle, distinctly tapering toward base; hind femora longer than either pro- or mesofemora, extremely narrow in basal 1/3, widest at apical 1/3. Male: all tibial spurs small, lacking surface sculpture; pro- and meso- basitarsus subequal in width for most of length; metabasitarsi distinctly tapered towards base; disco-setae on pro- and mesobasitarsi only. Penis: In posterior view, sides tapered, more acutely so posteriad of ostium, to narrow, subtruncate apex. In lateral view, declivitous part bent at nearly right angle to basal part; eudorsal surface of declivitous part feebly convex with distal portion subangulately curved euventrally; euventral surface feebly to moderately sinuate, basally convex and apically concave; apex acutely tapered to long, narrow point. Sperm guide composed of one or two sclerites, with upper sclerite weakly developed or obsolete. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Etymology. From Greek di, meaning two, and chroma, meaning color; denoting the distinctly bicolored dorsum of the males.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (3.68–4.68 mm); mesepisternum densely pubescent. Males with dorsum distinctly bicolored, head and pronotum fulvous to orange-brown, elytra black with aeneous luster; last abdominal sternum with small, shallow medial impression, posterolaterally bordered by dense, semicircular tuft of long, erect setae (Fig. 59); penis tapered to acute apex (Fig. 88). Females with apical margin of last abdominal sternum bearing small, semicircular notch (Fig. 68); pygidium of female with small, angulate apical process (Fig. 75).</p> <p>Males of F. dichroma are easily distinguished from all other species by the characters listed above. Females are distinguished from other all species by the apical notch of the last abdominal sternum and the angulate apical process of the pygidium. Fidia clematis also has densely pubescent mesepisterna but is entirely dark red-brown to blackish and only occurs as far south as Veracruz, Mexico. No other species from Guatemala and southern Mexico possesses a densely pubescent mesepisternum.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 6). Fidia dichroma were collected in Suchitepequez, Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico, one at 1525 m and two at 1900 m.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 4 May to 22 July.</p> <p>Natural History. Unknown.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF8C7442A1C37B8E0872DD09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF8D744CA1C37EEE08C4D834.text	039887A6FF8D744CA1C37EEE08C4D834.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia guatemalensis Jacoby	<div><p>Fidia guatemalensis Jacoby</p> <p>(Figs. 12, 36, 49, 58, 101, 107; Map 11)</p> <p>Fidia guatemalensis Jacoby 1879: 778 (original description); Jacoby 1882: 167 (faunal treatment); Lefèvre 1885: 75 (catalog); Clavareau 1914: 76 (catalog); Blackwelder 1946: 662 (checklist); Bechyné 1953: 249 (catalog); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist); Flowers 1996: 36 (checklist).</p> <p>Jacoby (1879) stated that he had numerous specimens collected by Champion. Seven specimens from the BMNH, bearing syntype labels were examined. A male from this series bearing the labels, "Type [white disc with red border] / SYN-TYPE [white disc with blue border] / Duenas Guatemala, C. Champion / Fidia guatemalensis Jac. [blue, handwritten] / B.C.A. 167.7 / LECTOTYPE Fidia guatemalensis Jacoby design. M.S.Strother 1993 [red]", is here designated Lectotype. This specimen is glued on a rectangular card and is in good condition with all appendages tucked beneath the specimen and apparently intact. The six additional syntypes examined, three males and three females, are here designated Paralectotypes: "SYN-TYPE [white disc with blue border] / Capetillo, Guatemala, C. Champion / B.C.A. 167.7 / PARALECTOTYPE Fidia guatemalensis Jacoby design. M. S. Strother 1993 [yellow]". In addition to these labels, one of the females bears the label, "Type. Sp. figured.", as its second label. Recommendation 74B of the Code (ICZN 1999) states that if all other things are equal, syntypes that have been figured should be given preference when a lectotype is designated. However, because the specimen figured in the Biologia was a female, it was not chosen as the lectotype. According to Shute (pers. comm.), four additional syntypes are housed in the BMNH, but these specimens were not examined and are not designated as paralectotypes at this time.</p> <p>Description. Male: TL = 4.59–5.15 mm, HW = 2.28–2.56 mm. Females: TL = 5.25–5.58 mm, HW = 2.71– 2.73 mm. Color: Dorsum and venter uniformly brassy or glossy black with hints of very dark red-brown, usually with distinct gold, greenish, or purple metallic luster; femora fulvous to dark red-brown, usually lighter at base and apex, often with greenish or coppery luster on darker mid-portion; tibiae fulvous to dark red-brown, usually much darker at apex, often with greenish or coppery luster; tarsi very dark red-brown to blackish with blue-green metallic luster; pubescence white to straw-yellow with apex of each seta dark brown to black. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at or immediately posteriad middle, sides feebly convex in dorsal view, dorsum nearly straight to slightly convex in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate; pubescence moderately sparse, setae erect on disc, suberect to recumbent on lateral aspects. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus weakly developed; apex of humeral callus impunctate, glabrous; asetose punctate-striae coarse, irregular, shallowly to deeply impressed; setose punctules closely juxtaposed with asetose punctures at margins of striae; punctures and punctules more closely placed on lateral aspect giving surface broadly punctate-rugose to punctate-undose appearance; interstices slightly to moderately convex with surface impunctate, glabrous, shining; pubescence moderately sparse, long, suberect to erect, each seta distinctly ensate, setae arising from opposite sides of a given stria more or less divergent. Abdomen: Males with medial area of first sternum flattened; medial area of second, third, and fourth sterna gently concave with dense, transverse mat of short, stout, posteriorly directed, golden setae; last sternum with large, subcircular, shallow medial impression bordered on each lateral margin by short, longitudinal callus bearing dense tuft of long, erect setae; pygidium subquadrate, dorsally with shallow impression immediately anteromesad each rounded posterolateral angle, apical margin broadly truncate to feebly emarginate. Females with medial area of first four sterna evenly convex, lacking dense, transverse mats of pubescence; apical margin of last sternum truncate to feebly concave; pygidium subtriangular, apical ½ tapered to subacute apex. Legs: Both sexes with femora robust, distinctly tapered toward base; spinose external apical margin of metatibia acutely subangulate. Males with all tibial spurs small, lacking visible surface sculpture; probasitarsus subequal in width for most of length; disco-setae on pro- and mesobasitarsi only. Penis: In posterior view, sides subparallel, slightly widened at apex; apex convex with small medial notch extending approximately ¼ distance from apex of penis to posterior margin of ostium; angles at opening of notch expanded into small, acute teeth. In lateral view, eudorsal and euventral surfaces of declivitous part appearing nearly straight, (euventral surface actually broadly, deeply excavated with lateral margins reflexed); distal portion of eudorsum and euventer gently convex, tapered to small, rounded apex. Sperm guide absent. Spermatheca: Basal swelling type (Fig. 107): proximal part basally bulbous, narrower distally, with slight constriction at base separating subquadrate basal swelling; distal part subangulately curved, eudorsal surface distinctly convex, tapered distally to small, acute, upturned appendix; spermathecal duct and spermathecal gland emanating from apex of basal swelling.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium to large (4.59–5.58 mm); brassy to glossy black, often with gold, greenish, or purple metallic luster; pubescence moderately sparse, erect to suberect, giving beetle bristly appearance; elytral asetose punctate-striae coarse, irregular, shallowly to deeply impressed with interstices moderately to distinctly convex; spinose apical margin of metatibia acutely subangulate (Fig. 49). Males with dense, transverse mat of short, stout setae on medial area of abdominal sterna II–IV (Fig. 37); last abdominal sternum with large, subcircular, shallow medial impression bordered on each lateral margin by short, longitudinal callus bearing dense tuft of long, erect setae; apex of penis with small medial notch extending approximately ¼ distance from apex of penis to posterior margin of ostium; angles at opening of notch expanded into small, acute teeth (Fig. 101).</p> <p>Fidia guatemalensis is quite distinctive and is not likely to be confused with any other species, but see diagnosis under F. costaricensis for comparison of males of these two species.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 11). Fidia guatemalensis is know from Belize, central El Salvador, and southern Guatemala. Collecting elevations ranged from 1400–1800 m.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (9♂♂, 5♀♀).</p> <p>BELIZE. No locality, no date (BMNH:1).</p> <p>EL SALVADOR. BOQUERON: * nr. Santa Tecla, v:2:1971 (CMNC:1).</p> <p>GUATEMALA. GUATEMALA: Guatemala City, Univ. del Valle, vi:10:1991 (CMNC:1). SACATEPÉQUEZ: Capet., no date (AMNH:2, ANSP:2). Temporal Data. Only two collecting dates, 2 May and 10 June, were given. Natural History. The only biological data given were "oak/pine/ Mimosa forest" for a single specimen collected at Univ. del Valle, Guatemala City.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF8D744CA1C37EEE08C4D834	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF837449A1C37CE60F08DA21.text	039887A6FF837449A1C37CE60F08DA21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia humeralis Lefevre	<div><p>Fidia humeralis Lefèvre</p> <p>(Figs. 13, 69, 82; Map 5)</p> <p>Fidia humeralis Lefèvre 1877: 165 (original description); Jacoby 1882: 167 (faunal treatment); Lefèvre 1885: 75 (catalog); Schaeffer 1905: 170 (faunal treatment); Clavareau 1914: 76 (catalog); Blackwelder 1946: 662 (checklist); Bechyné 1953: 249 (catalog); Schultz 1970: 242 (dissertation); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist); Flowers 1996: 36 (checklist); Riley et al. 2003: 151 (catalog); Clark et al. 2004: 103 (host plants). Lefèvre (1877) gave single length and width measurements for F. humeralis, suggesting that he had only one specimen before him when he described this species. No evidence could be found to indicate that Lefèvre had more</p> <p>than one specimen. The BMNH contains a female bearing the labels, "Type [white disc with red border] / Type. / Cuernavaca / Mexico. Salle Coll. / Fidia humeralis E. Lef. (Type) [handwritten] / Fidia humeralis Lef. apud Sallé. [handwritten] / Type. Sp. figured. / B.C.A. 167.3. [tan] / 3. Fidia humeralis. [folded]". It would appear that this is the specimen which was before Lefèvre, and it should be considered the holotype. However, because it is a female and, at present females of F. humeralis, F. comalensis, and F. dicelloposthe cannot be distinguished, it adds to the taxonomic confusion of these species. The specimen is glued on a point and is in fair condition. It has the left antennomeres 9–11 and both prothoracic legs missing, and the right elytron has a hole from the original pin.</p> <p>Fidia plagiata Lefèvre 1877:165 (original description); Jacoby 1882:167 (faunal treatment); Lefèvre 1885:76 (catalog); Schaeffer 1904:227–228 (key); Clavareau 1914:76 (catalog); Leng 1920:293 (catalog); Blackwelder 1946:662 (checklist); Bechyné 1953:249 (catalog); Schultz 1970:242 (dissertation, synonymized with F. humeralis, not a valid nomenclatural act); Wilcox 1975:57 (checklist, synonymized with F. humeralis).</p> <p>Because Lefèvre described a variation "β" of F. plagiata, he clearly had at least two specimens before him when he described the species. Lectotype here designated (BMNH): ♂ "Juquila / Type. / Mexico. Salle. Coll. / Fidia plagiata E. Lef. var. β [handwritten] / Fidia plagiata, Lef. apud Salle. [handwritten] / Type. Sp. figured. / B.C.A. 167.4. [tan] / LECTOTYPE Fidia plagiata Lefèvre design. M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". It is glued on a point with its dissected abdomen and is in very good condition with only the right antennomeres 8–11 missing. It has a hole in the right elytron from the original pin. The aedeagus and associated sclerites are preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. Paralectotype here designated (BMNH): ♀ "Type [white disc with red border] / Type. / Juquila / Mexico. Salle Coll. / Fidia plagiata E. Lef. Type) [handwritten] / Fidia plagiata, Lef. apud Salle. [handwritten] / Type. Sp. figured. / B.C.A. 167.4. [tan] / 4. Fidia plagiata. [folded] / PARALECTOTYPE Fidia plagiata Lefèvre design. M. S. Strother 1993 [red]". The types of F. humeralis and F. plagiata differ only in the size and shape of the reddish-brown area on the elytron, and these two names clearly apply to the same taxon.</p> <p>Fidia plagiata humeralis: Leng 1920:293 (checklist).</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 3.51–4.44 mm, HW = 1.68–2.04 mm. Females: TL = 3.80–5.24 mm, HW = 1.84– 2.52 mm. Color: Extremely variable; most specimens with head, pronotum, elytral suture, and apical ½ of elytra more or less black, occasionally with faint bluish-green or purple metallic luster, with humeral area and occasionally extreme apex of elytron pale red-orange to dark red-brown; many specimens as above but with red-orange humeral area extending entire length of elytron; other specimens as above but with portions of head and pronotum pale red-orange to dark red-brown; a few specimens almost entirely pale or dark redbrown; thoracic and abdominal sterna entirely pale red-orange to entirely black with faint bluish-green to purple metallic luster; femora, tibiae, and tarsi unicolorous, pale red-brown to nearly black; pubescence ashy to silvery-white. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at or immediately posteriad middle, sides moderately to distinctly arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum feebly convex to straight in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate; pubescence moderately dense. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus obsolete to obsolescent; asetose punctate-striae obsolete to only feebly developed, usually slightly more evident on lateral aspect; surface moderately densely to densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate to punctateundulose; setose punctures subequal in diameter to asetose punctures; pubescence moderately dense. Abdomen: Both sexes with medial area of all sterna evenly convex. Males: often with small, impunctate, glabrous medial area on first sternum; pygidium feebly to moderately convex dorsally with broadly rounded apex. Females: medial area of first sternum uniformly punctate-pubescent; apical margin of last sternum slightly to moderately concave with small, distinct, acutely rounded or pointed medial process; pygidium flat to feebly impressed dorsally with narrowly truncate to subacutely rounded apex. Legs: Both sexes with all femora gradually tapered towards base. Male: all tibial spurs small, lacking visible surface sculpture; all basitarsi subtriangular; disco-setae present on all basitarsi. Penis: In posterior view, side only slightly tapered towards gently rounded apex; apex with small, acutely pointed to acutely rounded medial tooth. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part more or less evenly convex, euventral surface straight to slightly concave, apex tapered to small, acute tooth; sperm guide composed of upper and lower sclerites. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (3.51–5.24 mm.); usually very dark red-brown to blackish with humeri, entire dorsolateral aspect, or rarely entire elytra red-orange; pronotum densely, coarsely punctatereticulate; mesepisternum entirely glabrous. Male with abdominal sterna simple, lacking structural or setal</p> <p>modifications; penis with small, acutely rounded or pointed apical process (Fig. 82). Females with apical margin of last sternum feebly to moderately concave, bearing small, distinct, acutely pointed medial process (Fig. 69).</p> <p>Fidia humeralis is practically indistinguishable from F. comalensis and F. dicelloposthe based on external characters, but males of the three are easily distinguished by the shape of the apex of the penis, as given in the diagnosis under F. comalensis. Some specimens of F. pedestris are blackish with red-orange elytral humeri but are distinguished from F. humeralis by the prominent intrahumeral calli of the elytra and by having the elytra much more sparsely, finely punctate with finer, longer pubescence than F. humeralis. In addition males of F. pedestris possess distinctive secondary sexual modifications on the second and third abdominal sterna. The females of these three species are either indistinguishable or the females of F.comalensis and F. dicelloposthe are unknown.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 5). Fidia humeralis occurs from the mountains of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, along the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre del Sur of western and south-central Mexico, respectively, as far south and east as the state of Oaxaca. Collecting elevations ranged from 1433–2439 m.</p> <p>Specimens examined (163). MEXICO. COAHUILA: Matamoros, v (CASC:4). GUERRRERO: 14 mi. N Chilpancingo, no date (FSCA:1), * Amula, ix (BMNH:1). MEXICO: 4.3 mi. NE Ixtapan, vii:6:1974 (TAMU:2), Temascaltepec; Real de Arriba, 1932 (BMNH:1), Tonatico, vii:6:1974 (TAMU:3). MICHOA- CAN: San Jose Purua, vii:8–9:1987 (FSCA:1). MORELOS: Cuernavaca, vi (CASC:2). OAXACA: 19 mi S San Miguel Suchixtepec, vii:17:1985 (TAMU:1), Juquila, no date (BMNH:1). SINALOA: 25 km W El Palmito, viii:7:1983 (LACM:1), San Antonio, vi:10:1937 (UAIC:1). Locality illegible, no date (BMNH:2).</p> <p>UNITED STATES. ARIZONA: Cochise Co., 1 mi. S. Portal, vii:3:1956 (AMNH:1), 2.5–5 km W. Portal, vii:23:1989 (EGRC:1), 3 km SW Portal, vii:24:89 (EGRC:2), 3 mi NW Portal, vii:27:1972 (AMNH:1, EGRC:1), 5 mi. W Portal, Chiricahua Mts., viii:12:58 (UCDC:1), Chiric Mts, 1:7 (USNM:2), 3:7 (USNM:1), Chiricahua M., vii:12:53 (OSUC:1), vii:24:55 (OSUC:1), Chiricahua Mts., viii:4:1908 (CASC:1), viii:10:1908 (CASC:1), vi:20:1928 (CUIC:1), vi:29:1968 (FSCA:1), Chiricahua Mts., West Turkey Creek, vii:27:1989 (EGRC:2), Dragoon Mts., West Stronghold, vii:20:1973 (FSCA:1), Huach Mt., no date (MCZC:3), Huach Mts., vii:11 (USNM:2), vii:29 (USNM:1), viii (USNM:1), no date (USNM:2), Huach Mts., Miller Can., vii:30 (USNM:1), Huach Mts., Miller Cyn., viii:2:1975 (LACM:1), Huachu. Mts., vii:11 (OSUC:1), Huachuca Mts., vii:1905 (AMNH:4), vii:28:07 (OSUC:1), no date (CASC:2), Huachuca Mts., Carr Canyon, vi:30:1956 (CMNC:1), Huachuca Mts., Copper Cn, vii:5:77 (TAMU:1), Huachuca Mts., Hdq., Montezuma Pass, vii:6:1956 (CMNC:1), Huachuca Mts., Miller Cn, vii:26:76 (TAMU:1), Huachuca Mts., Ramsey Canon, vii:15–19:1912 (CASC:1), Huachuca Mts., Ramsey Cn., vii:11:1955 (UAIC:1), vii:13:1955 (UAIC:1), Huachuca Mts., Sunnyside, viii:18:1940 (CASC:1), nr. Portal, viii:25:70 (TAMU:1), Portal, 7:1968 (USNM:8), viii:11:1983 (EGRC:1), S.W. Res. Sta., vii:20:1976 (EGRC:1), S.W. Res. Sta., 5 mi. W. Portal, viii:10–11:83 (EGRC:1), S.W. Res. Sta., Portal, vi:24:1956 (CMNC:1), vi:28:1956 (CMNC:1), vi:29:1956 (CMNC:7), vi:30:1956 (CMNC:2), S.W. Research Station, vii:27:1987 (CDAE:7), S.W.R.S., 5 mi. W. Portal, vi:20:1955 (AMNH:1), vi:25:1955 (AMNH:1), vi:1:1955 (AMNH:1), vi:10:1957 (AMNH:1), vi:25:1957 (AMNH:1), S.W.R.S., Portal, vi:21:1967 (CDAE:1), Southwest R.S., Portal, vii:14:1985 (NDSU:17), Southwest Research Station, vii:29–31:1987 (CDAE:2), SW Res. Sta.; 5 mi. W. Portal, viii:7:59 (CUIC:1), SW Res. Sta.; 5 mi. W. Portal, Chiricahua Mts., vii:27:1987 (CDAE:2), viii:12–13:1978 (AJG:1); Gila Co., Sierra Ancha Mts.; vii (CASC:1, UAIC:1); Pima Co., Madera Canyon, viii:5:1974 (AJG:1), S Catalina Mts., Peppersauce Cn., viii:13:40 (CASC:1), S Rita Mts., Madera Cn. Foothills, vii:21:1941 (CASC:1), Santa Catalina Mts., Tucson, vi:28:58 (BMNH:1), Santa Rita Mtns, Box Canyon, vii:27–28:1982 (EGRC:1), Santa Rita Mts., vii (SEMC:2), county only, viii:12:15 (MCZC:1), vii:12:17 (CASC:2); Santa Cruz Co., Canelo, vii:20:1946 (CASC:2), viii:3:1956 (UAIC:8), Madera Cyn., vii:17:1978 (AJG:1), Patagonia L. St. Pk., viii:11:1987 (LSUC:1), Pena Blanca Lake, vii:27:1982 (EGRC:1, JEWC:2), Santa Rita M., vii:13:37 (OSUC:1), Santa Rita Mts., Madera Cyn., vii:21:1968 (FSCA:1), County not determined, Pinal Mts., viii:5:1935 (UAIC:1); State only, no date (USNM:2). NEW MEXICO: Hidalgo Co., Peloncillo Mts., 33 mi. E Douglas, AZ, vii:17:1973 (TAMU:1), Peloncillo Mts., Clanton Draw, vii:9:79 (TAMU:1); State only, no date (SEMC:1). No locality, no date (MCZC:3, BMNH:1).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from May to September in Mexico and 10 June to 25 August in the U.S.</p> <p>Natural History. Plant associations included Cupressus sp. (Cupressaceae) and Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) and Vitis sp. (Vitaceae). The record on Cupressus probably does not represent a true host record. Specimens were also taken at lights and in Malaise traps.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. In 1877, Lefèvre described F. humeralis and F. plagiata, separating them on the size and location of the lighter brownish-red spots of the elytra. In addition, he described a variation "ss" of F. plagiata which had the entire lateral margin of the elytra brownish-red. Jacoby (1882) suspected that Lefèvre's names were synonymous, and Schaeffer (1905) noted that the two species differed only in the presence or absence of an apical spot on the elytra. Leng (1920) placed a lowercase "a" before F. humeralis and listed it under F. plagiata indicating that he considered it a variety, subspecies, or race of the latter. Leng's treatment of F. humeralis as an infraspecific taxon was not mentioned by subsequent authors. Schultz (1970) synonymized F. plagiata with F. humeralis but did not publish this portion of his dissertation, and this nomenclatural act is not available. Fidia plagiata was validly synonymized with F. humeralis by Wilcox (1975).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF837449A1C37CE60F08DA21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF867455A1C3798C0F29DF51.text	039887A6FF867455A1C3798C0F29DF51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia longipes (Melsheimer)	<div><p>Fidia longipes (Melsheimer)</p> <p>(Figs. 14, 46, 93; Map 3)</p> <p>Eumolpus longipes Melsheimer 1847: 169 (original description).</p> <p>Melsheimer (1847) did not state the number of specimens he had before him when he described E. longipes. However, he provided a single length measurement, "2 l[ines].” (= approximately 4.23 mm.), for this species, whereas he provided ranges of length measurements for many other new species throughout the publication. This would suggest that Melsheimer's description was based on a single specimen, and no evidence was found to contradict this assumption.</p> <p>In a letter dated April 28, 1875, to Alexander Agassiz, J. L. LeConte indicated that he had all of the unique types of the Melsheimer collection (Anonymous 1961). Five specimens fitting the description of E. longipes are housed in the LeConte collection of the MCZC. One female labeled as originating in Illinois, "Ill.", is actually a specimen of F. rileyorum, n. sp. Melsheimer described E. longipes from Pennsylvania and clearly this was not the specimen before Melsheimer. Among the four remaining specimens, are three females bearing the following labels: "[pink disc] / P. viticolus ! Uhler [handwritten] / J.L. LeConte Collection / Fidia longipes (Melsheimer) det. M.S.Strother 1993"; "[pink disc] / J.L. LeConte Collection / Fidia longipes (Melsheimer) det. M.S.Strother 1993"; and "J.L. LeConte Collection / Fidia ♀ nr. longipes det. M.S.Strother 1993". The females measure 4.48, 5.04, and 4.98 mm., respectively and clearly do not agree with the measurement of approximately 4.23 mm. given by Melsheimer. The fourth specimen is a male which bears the following labels: "longipes!Mels. [handwritten] / J.L. LeConte Collection / HOLOTYPE Eumolpus longipes Melsheimer 1847 [red, added by M. S. Strother]". The male measures 4.20 mm. and matches Melsheimer's description in all other respects as well is here taken to be the Holotype. The holotype is in good condition, pinned through the right elytron at the suture, and missing the following: left eleventh antennomere, right antennomeres 6–11, and the right metathoracic leg. The aedeagus was not dissected.</p> <p>The Melsheimer collection at the MCZC contains five specimens (2 ♂♂, 3♀♀) bearing the labels, " Pennsylvania Melsheimer / Melsheimer Collection / Fidia longipes (Melsheimer) det. M.S.Strother 1993". Schultz (1970) designated one of the males, which he dissected, as the lectotype but never validly published this designation.</p> <p>Pachnephorus viticolus Uhler 1855: 418 (original description); Crotch 1873: 34 (as synonym of F. longipes).</p> <p>The type was not found and is assumed to be lost. Designation of a neotype was not deemed necessary in this case to maintain nomenclatural stability. Horn &amp; Kahle (1935 –37) stated that various parts of Uhler's collection were located in the MCZC, USNM, and CASC, respectively, but they made no mention of Uhler's Coleoptera collection. The MCZC does not contain a specimen labeled as Uhler's type (M. S. Kelley pers. comm.), and the specimen in the LeConte collection bearing the handwritten label, " P. viticolus ! Uhler", is much smaller than the length stated in the description. No reply was received regarding the Uhler specimens in the CASC. Staines was unable to locate any specimens in the USNM labeled as Uhler’s type. It was hoped that his types might be located in the ANSP because</p> <p>Uhler published his description in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; however, no Uhler types were found in this collection (D. Azuma pers. comm.).</p> <p>Based on the type locality of Baltimore, Maryland, Uhler's name can only apply to two taxa, F. longipes and F. viticida. Although the length measurement of 2½ l[ines]. (= approximately 5.29 mm.) given by Uhler is slightly larger than the largest specimen of F. longipes examined during this revision (5.16 mm.), the description of the leg coloration clearly indicates that the taxon Uhler had before him was F. longipes.</p> <p>Pachnephorus (Fidia) viticolus: Walsh 1867a: 88.</p> <p>Pachnephorus (Fidia) longipes: Walsh 1867a: 88.</p> <p>Fidia longipes: Walsh 1867b: 118; Crotch 1873: 34 (faunal treatment); Henshaw 1885: 108 (checklist); Lefèvre 1885: 75 (catalog); Horn 1892: 198,199 (key, diagnosis); Schaeffer 1904: 228 (key); Clavareau 1914: 76 (catalog); Leng 1920: 293 (catalog); Fattig 1948: 19 (faunal treatment); Wilcox 1954: 402 (faunal treatment); Schultz 1970: 245 (dissertation); Balsbaugh &amp; Hays 1972: 73–74 (faunal treatment); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist); Downie &amp; Arnett 1996: 1334 (key); Riley et al. 2003: 151 (catalog); Clark et al. 2004: 103 (host plants); Ciegler 2007: 169 (faunal treatment).</p> <p>Fidia cana: Fattig 1948: 19 (misidentification, faunal treatment).</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 3.72–5.04 mm, HW = 1.72–2.20 mm. Females: TL = 4.08–5.16 mm, HW = 1.96– 2.76 mm. Color: Extremely variable; dorsum fulvous to black, most lighter specimens often with at least some dark coloration on head, lateral aspect of pronotum, and/or sutural and lateral elytral margins; thoracic and abdominal sterna fulvous to black; femora, especially meso- and metathoracic pairs, almost always basally lighter (some specimens from throughout range rarely with all femora entirely red-brown), tibiae and tarsi fulvous to black; pubescence whitish to golden-yellow. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at middle, sides moderately to distinctly arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum gently convex to nearly straight in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate; pubescence moderately sparse to moderately dense, not obscuring surface sculpture. Mesepisternum: Densely pubescent. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus obsolescent to feebly developed; asetose punctate-striae well-developed, occasionally obscured by pubescence; interstices flat to convex, moderately densely to densely punctulate-strigulose to punctulate-undulose; pubescence moderately sparse to dense, usually appearing uniformly distributed, occasionally arranged in feeble to moderately distinct longitudinal rows between striae. Abdomen: Males: medial area of first three sterna feebly flattened; first sternum, and occasionally second and third as well, with small impunctate, glabrous area; pygidium dorsally gently convex in apical ½ with broadly rounded apex. Females: medial area of all sterna evenly convex, uniformly punctate-pubescent; apical margin of last sternum feebly concave with or without small, rounded, poorly developed medial process; pygidium dorsally with shallow, transversely lunate preapical impression; apex slightly reflexed, acutely rounded to subtruncate. Legs: Both sexes with femora gradually tapered towards base. Male with protibia distally slightly curved ventrally; apex slightly dorsoventrally compressed and laterally expanded, with ventral surface shallowly excavated; pro- and mesotibial spurs stout, minutely rugulose; protibial spurs separated by at least the length of one spur, mesotibial spurs contiguous; disco-setae on pro- and mesobasitarsi only. Penis: In posterior view, sides feebly concave to nearly straight, widest at bases of apical lobes; apical emargination small, width slightly greater than depth, basally with small medial tooth usually well-developed. In lateral view, eudorsal surface feebly to moderately convex; euventral surface feebly to moderately concave; distally tapered to acute apex. Sperm guide composed of lower sclerite only. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (3.72–5.16 mm.); fulvous to black, with at least one pair of femora bicolorous, distinctly lighter at base than in distal portion (rarely with all femora unicolorous); pronotal punctation coarse. Male with protibia slightly dorsoventrally compressed and laterally expanded at apex; protibial spurs separated by at least the length of one spur (Fig. 46); apical emargination of penis small, width slightly greater than depth, with small medial tooth usually well-developed (Fig. 93).</p> <p>Fidia longipes is very similar to F. delilahae and F. rileyorum. Characters distinguishing F. delilahae from F. longipes were given in the diagnosis for the former species. Fidia longipes and F. rileyorum are very similar, and females of the two species cannot be distinguished without associated males. Males of F. longipes</p> <p>have the protibial spurs separated by at least the length of one spur, whereas males of F. rileyorum have the protibial spurs separated by little more than the basal width of one spur. In addition, the apical emargination of the penis is wider and deeper in F. rileyorum than it is in F. longipes. Finally, the two species are largely allopatric, with sympatry occurring only along the Appalachian Mountains, as well as in central Ohio in the North and central Alabama in the South.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 3). Fidia longipes occurs predominantly east of the Appalachian Mountains from southern New York west to central Ohio south to northern Florida and central Alabama. Specimens were collected at elevations ranging from near sea level to approximately 1220 m.</p> <p>Specimens examined (696). UNITED STATES. ALABAMA: Autauga Co., 1 mi. S Pine Level, v:20:1990 (RHT:3); Barbour Co., 4 mi. W. of Hwy 431 on Hwy 82, v:31:1992 (MSS:23); Bullock Co., Union Springs, vi:29:1965 (AUEM:1); Cleburne Co., 2.3 mi. S. of Hwy 49 on Hwy 281, vi:1:1992 (MSS:3); Coffee Co., Ft. Rucker Mil. Res., vi:26:1983 (FSCA:1, RHT:1); Dale Co., Ft. Rucker Mil. Res., vi:11:1983 (EGRC:1, RHT:4), vi:12:1983 (FSCA:10, RHT:4); Elmore Co., hwy 231, 6.2 mi. S jct. hwy 14, v:28:1989 (RHT:4), vi:4:1989 (RHT:5); Henry Co., 3.2 mi. N. of Hwy 431 on Hwy 173, v:31:1992 (MSS:2); Houston Co., at the jct. of Hwy 231 and 109, v:31:1992 (MSS:1); Lee Co., 1.3 mi. N. of Hwy 80 on Hwy 51, v:31:1992 (MSS:8), Auburn, vii:1959 (AUEM:1); Macon Co., 3 mi. E of Y, vi:11:1963 (AUEM:1), hwy 80, 1 mi. E jct. Co. Rd. 49, vi:4:1989 (RHT:2); Russell Co., 3 mi. N. of county line on Hwy 51, v:31:1992 (MSS:7), 5.1 mi. S. of Lee Co. line on Hwy 51, v:31:1992 (MSS:5); Shelby Co., nr. Helena, v:18:1957 (FMNH:3); Tallapoose Co., 1 mi. NW Reeltown, vii:31:1964 (AUEM:1), 6 mi. N. of Hwy 280 on Hwy 49, v:31:1992 (MSS:1), Horseshoe Bend Nat'l Pk., vi:25:1964 (AUEM:1). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington, vi:3:1902 (USNM:1), vi:4:1903 (USNM:1), vi:6 (USNM:2), vi:14:1903 (USNM:2), vi:19:1903 (USNM:3), vii:29:1907 (USNM:3), vi:17:1909 (USNM:1), vi:19:1909 (USNM:1), vi:19:1911 (USNM:4), vii:1:1923 (AUEM:1), vi:93 (USNM:1), no date (MCZC:2, DEFW:3, USNM:2), Washington; Rock Creek Pk., vi:8:1907 (USNM:1). FLORIDA: Calhoun Co., Clarksville at Chipola R., v:22:1986 (CMNC:1); Gadsen Co., 6 mi. N Quincy; C- 161 Willacoochee Cr., v:25:1988 (FAMU:1), Rocky Comfort Cr.; 5.3 mi SW Quincy, vi:14:1988 (FAMU:1); Jackson Co., 4 mi. S of Marianna, v:26:1965 (NDSU:2), 4.5 mi. N Altha, v:14:1983 (FSCA:1), FL Caverns St. Pk., v:19:1985 (EGRC:21, LSUC:12); Liberty Co., Torreya St. Pk., v:18:1970 (FSCA:1), v:3:1976 (AMNH:3, EGRC:3), v:4:1976 (AMNH:1, EGRC:1), vi:6:1982 (FSCA:2), vii:9:1988 (RHT:1), vi:6:1982 (RHT:1), v:7:1989 (RHT:1), vii:8:1989 (RHT:1), Torreya State Pk., v:19:1985 (EGRC:9, LSUC:1); Madison Co., 2.7 mi. E. of Jefferson Co. line, v:26:1992 (MSS:1), 7.9 mi. E. of the Jefferson Co. line, v:26:1992 (MSS:1); Suwannee Co., 3.0 mi. E. of I-10 on Hwy 90, v:26:1992 (MSS:1); County not determined: River Junction, v:16:1939 (FSCA:6). GEORGIA: Bartow Co., Stamp Creek; Weems-Macbeth Property, vi:29:1990 (FSCA:1); Carroll Co., Vila Rica, vi:17:42 (UGCA:1); Chattahoochee Co., 2.5 mi. W of Marion Co. line on Hwy 26, v:25:1992 (MSS:7); Clarke Co., Whitehall Forest, vii:14:1976 (UGCA:1), vi:25–30:1976 (UGCA:1), vi:6–9:1978 (RHT:1); Dekalb Co., Stone Mt., v:29:36 (UGCA:1); Gilmer Co., Ellijay, vi:27:31 (UGCA:1); Habersham Co., Cornelia, vi:22:1906 (CUIC:1); Hall Co., 4 mi. NW Lula, vi:14:1980 (RHT:3, UGCA:1); Harris Co., 4 mi. W. of FDR St. Pk. on Hwy 90, v:25:1992 (MSS:7); Jackson Co., Hardeman Forest, vii:1–6:1974 (UGCA:1), vii:21–28:1974 (UGCA:1), viii:1974 (UGCA:1); Jefferson Co., jct. hwy 242 &amp; 171, vi:17:1978 (RHT:1); Liberty Co., St. Catherine's Is., v:27:1978 (CSUC:17); Marion Co., 6.1 mi. W. of Schley Co. line on Hwy 26, v:25:1992 (MSS:1); Murray Co., Fort Mt., vii:9:37 (UGCA:1); Oconee Co., 2 mi. NW Watkinsville; nr. jct. 53 &amp; 207, vii:12:1981 (UGCA:1); Rabun Co., Clayton, vii:1910 (AMNH:1), no date (UAIC:2); Thomas Co., 0.4 mi. N. of FL border on Hwy 19, v:26:1992 (MSS:7), 4.4 mi. W. of Hwy 19 on Hwy 84, v:26:1992 (MSS:7); Towns Co., Appalachian Trail at hwy 75, vii:4:1986 (RHT:3), hwy 180, 1– 3 mi. W jct. hwy 75, vii:11:1987 (RHT:1); State only, no date (FSCA:1, USNM:1). MARYLAND: Anne Arundel Co., Odenton, vi:5:1918 (CUIC:3, USNM:2), vii:4:1918 (CUIC:1); Baltimore, vi:24:09 (CHSC:32), vi:29:09 (CASC:16), vi:30:09 (CASC:3), vii:2:09 (BPBM:1), vii:15:09 (CASC:1), vii:21:09 (CASC:1), vii:2:1940 (USNM:1), no date (BMNH:2), Baltimore Co., Catonsville, vi:21:37 (CNCI:3), North Point, vi:22:1940 (USNM:1), Sparrows Point, vii:5:34 (CASC:9), vii:5:34 (FMNH:3); Frederick Co., county only, no date (MCZC:3); Montgomery Co., Glen Echo, Su/1922 (USNM:9), vi:28:50 (USNM:2), Great Falls, vii:2:05 (USNM:1), viii:2:05 (USNM:1), vi:17:1913 (USNM:1), vii:12:18 (USNM:2), vi:25:1963 (CASC:1), Plummers I, vi:27:05 (USNM:3), vii:4:07 (USNM:2), vii:7:07 (USNM:1), viii:7:07 (USNM:1), vi:20:09 (USNM:1), Plummers Id, vi:17:1913 (INHS:1), county only, vi:17:11 (USNM:1), vi:25:11 (USNM:1); Prince George’s Co., Beltsville, vii:4:15 (USNM:1), Bladensburg, vi:13:16 (USNM:1); State only, no date (CUIC:2, MCZC:2, DEFW:5). NEW JERSEY: State only, no date (USNM:1). NEW YORK: Orange Co., West Point, ix:15:1912 (USNM:1); State only, no date (AMNH:1). NORTH CAROLINA: Buncombe Co., Black Mt., vii:4:40 (CASC:3), Blue Ridge Pkway, vi:25:1973 (JEWC:1); Haywood Co., Lake Junaluska, vi:20–23:1977 (FSCA:2), nr. Canton Rt 23,vi:18:1978 (NCSU:2), near Canton; Cody Vineyard, vi:28:1978 (NCSU:1), nr Fines Creek, vi:14–15:1984 (FSCA:1); Johnston Co., nr Clayton; Poole Vineyard, vi:8:1978 (NCSU:2), v:28:1979 (NCSU:4), vi:4:1979 (NCSU:1), vii:14:1979 (NCSU:1); Macon Co., Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, vii:3:1983 (RHT:2); Madison Co., Hot Springs, no date (AMNH:2); Moore Co., nr. West End; Auman Vineyard, vi:15:1978 (NCSU:12); Onslow Co., near Jacksonville; Melville Farms, vi:23:1978 (NCSU:1); Orange Co., Chapel Hill, vi:34 (UCDC:1); Perquimans Co., nr. Hertford; Perry Vineyard, vi:24:1978 (NCSU:6); Rutherford Co., nr. Bostic; Newton Vineyard, vi:18;1978 (NCSU:1); Stanly Co., county only, vii:23:59 (NCSU:1); Wake Co., Raleigh, v:31:1952 (CMNC:1); Warren Co., W of Norlina; road 158; field W-42, viii:15:1979 (NCSU:1); Yadkin Co., SW of Marler; road 1116; field Y-8, vii:6:1979 (NCSU:1); County not determined: Cherry, vi:3:1959 (NCSU:1), Southern Pines, vi:7:1952 (CMNC:1), vi:14:1952 (CMNC:2); State only, no date (MCZC:1, USNM:1). OHIO: Athens Co., Athens, vi:24:35 (UGCA:1); Clinton Co., county only, vi:19:62 (OSUC:1); Delaware Co., Hwy 745, Eversole Run, vii:5:1986 (BYUC:3), jct. Deer Creek &amp; Scioto River, vii:21:1984 (BYUC:1), county only, vi:21:50 (OSUC:1); Franklin Co., Columbus, vii:13:62 (OSUC:1), Columbus, Mock Park, vii:14:1984 (BYUC:2), county only, vii:11:42 (CDAE:1), vii:24:48 (OSUC:1); Highland Co., county only, vii:17:58 (FSCA:2), viii:13:60 (FSCA:2), vii:16:61 (FSCA:4); Hocking Co., county only, vi:19:38 (OSUC:1); Knox Co., Gambler, no date (FSCA:1); Lake Co., Willoughby, vi:26:1901 (OSUC:2); Meigs Co., Bedford Tunp., vii:28:39 (UGCA:2); Scioto Co., county only, vi:17:44 (OSUC:1); Vinton Co., Lake Hope, vi:28:1987 (BYUC:1), vii:12:1987 (BYUC:3), Lake Hope State Park, vi:20:1984 (BYUC:4), Vinton Furnace near Dundas, vi:19:1985 (BYUC:1). PENNSYLVANIA: Allegheny Co., Allegheny, vii:2:94 (CUIC:4), vii:10:97 (CUIC:4), no date (INHS:1, LACM:6, MCZC:3, NDSU:1, PURC:3); Berks Co., S.C.M., vii:13:57 (CNCI:1); Cumberland Co., Mt. Holly Spgs., vii:11:1920 (LACM:1), New Cumb., vii:7:40 (NDSU:1); Dauphin Co., Harrisburg, vii:14 (INHS:1), viii:19:1975 (NDSU:1), Hummelstn, vii:4:18 (ANSP:1), Paxtang, vii:26:62 (NDSU:2), Stoverdale, vi:16:1964 (AUEM:1), county only, viii:15:27 (CASC:1); Delaware Co., Chadds Ford, vii:15–30:1987 (JEWC:1), vi:19:1988 (FSCA:1), vii:8:1989 (JEWC:3), vii:4:1990 (JEWC:4), Darby, vii:4:00 (FMNH:1), Glenolden, vi:16 (USNM:1), Swarthmore, vi:13 (OSUC:1); Franklin Co., 3 mi. W Roxbury, vii:15:1989 (JEWC:1); Indiana Co., Angora, vi (MCZC:4); Montgomery Co., Abington, vi (MCZC:4), Glenside, vi:17:06 (USNM:1); Philadelphia Co., Frankford, no date (USNM:2), Philadelphia, vi:22:99 (USNM:1), vi:23:06 (USNM:1), no date (MCZC:1), W Park, no date (OSUC:3); Westmoreland Co., Jeanette, vi:1 (NCSU:1), vi:8 (AMNH:1), vi:11 (AMNH:1); County not determined: Clark's Valley, vii:7:40 (NDSU:1); State only, no date (UAIC:1). SOUTH CARO- LINA: Aiken Co., Aiken, v:30:57 (CMNC:1), v:31:57 (CMNC:1, CNCI:2), vi:22:1957 (CNCI:1); Greenville Co., county only, vii:24:1935 (CUCC:1); Pickens Co., Clemson College, vii:30:1926 (CUCC:2), vi:13:1927 (CUCC:1), vii:2:1928 (CUCC:1), vii:12:1932 (CASC:1); County not determined: Rocky Bottom, viii:12:1958 (NDSU:1). TENNESSEE: Anderson Co., Oak Ridge, no date (CDAE:1); Johnson Co., Johnson C., vi:12:1951 (CASC:1); Monroe Co., 11 mi. W Vonore, vi:12:1955 (CMNC:1), Vonore, vi:12:1955 (FSCA:1); Sevier Co., Great Smoky Mts. N.P.; Elkmont, viii–ix:27-1:1986 (MUIC:1). VIRGINIA: Arlington Co., Arlington, vii:4:19 (USNM:1), vii:31:19 (USNM:1); Botetourt Co., Craig Creek Rec. A nr. Oriskany, vi:14:1991 (EGRC:3); Fairfax Co., Great Falls, vi:19:10 (USNM:1), no date (MCZC:1), Gt. Falls, vi:22:12 (USNM:2), vi:10:16 (USNM:2), county only, vi:23:20 (USNM:1); Lee Co., Pennington Gap, no date (MCZC:2, USNM:3); Loudoun Co., Bluemont, vi:28:1914 (USNM:1); Nelson Co., county only, vii:1:1913 (USNM:2), vi:26:1914 (USNM:2), vii:4:1915 (USNM:7); Orange Co., county only, vii:19 (USNM:1); Spotsylvania Co., Fredrkbg, v:12:00 (USNM:1), vi:19:04 (USNM:4); independent city, Alexan., vi:26:1911 (USNM:1); County not determined: 4-Mile Run, vi:29:1913 (USNM:1), Acquia Cr., v:24:96 (ANSP:1, MCZC:1), Glencarlyn, vi:20:1917 (CUIC:1), Rosslyn, vii:4 (USNM:1), viii:07 (USNM:3), Shenandoah Pk. &amp; Blue Ridge, vii:23:51 (CASC:1); State only, no date (AMNH:1). WEST VIRGINIA: Berkeley Co., Allensville, vii:6:1977 (BYUC:1); Greenbriar Co., W. Sulphur, vii:3:1912 (USNM:1), vii:11:1913 (USNM:1), vii:18:1914 (USNM:2), White Sulphur, vii (CASC:2); Kanawha Co., Guthrie, vii:16:1989 (BYUC:1), viii:5:1989 (BYUC:2), vii:10:1990 (BYUC:1), vii:21:1990 (BYUC:1), viii:24:1990 (BYUC:1), viii:29:1990 (BYUC:1), vii:2:1991 (BYUC:1), vi:4:1991 (BYUC:6), Kanawha St. For., vi:16:1987 (BYUC:1), vi:19:1987 (BYUC:1); Lincoln Co., Hamlin, vii:26:1968 (BYUC:1); Mason Co., McClintic Wildl. Sta., vii:7:1980 (BYUC:1), vii:11:1980 (BYUC:1), vii:19:1980 (BYUC:2), viii:6:1980 (BYUC:1), vii:27:1980 (BYUC:4), McClintic Wildlife Sta., viii:21:1991 (BYUC:2); Mercer Co., Bluefield, vi:29:1989 (BYUC:1); Monroe Co., Hollywood, viii:23:1979 (BYUC:1), viii:29:1979 (BYUC:1); Tyler Co., Sistersville, vi:18:30 (CUIC:1); Wirt Co., Burn Spgs, no date (MCZC:1); State only, no date (MCZC:1). No locality, no date (ANSP:6).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 3 May to 15 September.</p> <p>Natural History. Plant associations included Ilex opaca Ait. (Aquifoliaceae), soybeans (Fabaceae), Salix (Salicaceae), and various Vitaceae including Ampelopsis arborea (L.), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.), and various Vitis spp. Specimens were also collected at lights, by "Lindgren funnel", and in Malaise and sticky traps. McGiffen &amp; Neunzig (1985) discussed the seasonal abundance of F. longipes in North Carolina vineyards and illustrated feeding damage caused by this species.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. This species was first described as Eumolpus longipes by Melsheimer in 1847. Uhler (1855) described the taxon as a new species from Baltimore under the name Pachnephorus viticolus. Walsh (1867a) used Melsheimer's longipes in combination with the generic name Pachnephorus (Fidia) and in a subsequent article (Walsh 1867b) combined longipes with the generic name Fidia, and this combination has been followed by all subsequent authors.</p> <p>Fattig (1948) listed F. cana Schaeffer as having been collected by W. T. Davis in June in Clayton, Georgia. It is highly unlikely, if not impossible, that this is an accurate record for F. cana, which has only been collected in central and southwest Texas. The specimen(s) mentioned by Fattig was not seen, although a specimen of F. longipes collected by W. T. Davis in July in Clayton is housed in the AMNH. Fattig did not specify whether Clayton was the county in the central western part of the state or the town in the extreme northeastern notch of the state, but because the other localities listed by Fattig for F. longipes and F. viticida are towns or specific localities rather than counties, it is assumed that the latter is correct. Only F. longipes and F. viticida are known to occur in northeastern Georgia, but the smaller, darker F. longipes more closely matches Schaeffer's description of F. cana and is a better candidate for the species Fattig misidentified.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF867455A1C3798C0F29DF51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF9A7454A1C37CA60872DFB1.text	039887A6FF9A7454A1C37CA60872DFB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia marraverpa Strother 2008	<div><p>Fidia marraverpa Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 15, 67, 86; Map 7)</p> <p>Holotype ♂ (CMNC): " MEX. Hwy 131, 70 km S Oaxaca, Rio de la Y Km 3 W of jct. 1530m 17.VI.1979 H. &amp; A. Howden / HOLOTYPE Fidia marraverpa M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is glued on a point and is in excellent condition with all appendages intact. The abdomen is glued on a point pinned beneath the specimen. The aedeagus and associated sclerites are preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. Paratype ♀ (TAMU): " MEXICO: Oaxaca 1 mi. n. El Pacifico July 14, 1973 Mastro &amp; Schaffner / PARATYPE Fidia marraverpa M.S.Strother 1993 [red]".</p> <p>Description. Holotype (♂): TL = 4.64 mm., HW = 2.12 mm. Paratype (♀): TL = 4.56 mm., HW = 2.24 mm. Color: Head nearly black with only apical margin of clypeus red-brown in male, very dark red-brown with entire clypeus lighter red-brown in female; pronotum nearly as dark as head in male, entirely red-brown in female; elytra of both sexes light red-brown with humeral calli, intrahumeral calli, and basal sutural area darker red-brown; thoracic sterna very dark red-brown to blackish; abdominal sterna entirely dark red-brown in male, blackish with apical margin of last sternum orange-brown in female; femora of both sexes distally very dark red-brown, lighter basally; tibiae dark red-brown in male, orange-brown in female; tarsi entirely blackish in male, red-brown with blackish margins in female; pubescence white. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at middle, sides distinctly arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum straight in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate; pubescence moderately dense, recumbent. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus obsolete in male, feebly developed in female; humerus prominent, impunctate, glabrous; punctate-striae obscure, not impressed; asetose punctures subequal in diameter to setose punctules; interstices flat, moderately densely to densely punctulate-pubescent. Abdomen: Male: medial area of first sternum with small, transversely ovoid, impunctate, glabrous area; remaining sterna uniformly punctatepubescent; pygidium dorsally gently convex in apical ½ with subacutely rounded apex. Female: medial area of first sternum with narrow, longitudinal, impunctate, glabrous area; remaining sterna uniformly punctatepubescent; apical margin of last sternum concave with small, feebly developed, rounded medial process; pygidium dorsally flattened in apical ½ with apex more acutely rounded than that of male. Legs: Both sexes with femora gradually tapered towards base. Male with pro- and mesotibial spurs thick, minutely rugulose; disco-setae on all basitarsi. Penis: In posterior view, sides tapered; apex slightly constricted proximal to broad, truncate, hoe-shaped apical process; sclerotized area between posterior margin of ostium and apical process bearing low, oblong callus. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous area feebly convex, euventral surface nearly straight; apex distinctly recurved. Sperm guide composed of lower sclerite only. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Etymology. From Latin marra, meaning hoe, and verpa, meaning penis; referring to the hoe-shaped apical process of the penis.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized (approximately 4.6 mm.); red-brown with humeral callus glabrous, polished and darker; intrahumeral calli obsolete or feebly developed; mesepisternum entirely glabrous. Male with abdominal sterna lacking distinct modifications; pro- and mesotibial spurs stout, minutely rugulose; discosetae on all basitarsi; penis with broad, truncate, hoe-shaped apical process (Fig. 86). Female with apical margin of last abdominal sternum with small, rounded medial process (Fig. 67).</p> <p>Fidia marraverpa is the only species in which males possess the following combination of characters: stout, minutely rugulose pro- and mesotibial spurs, disco-setae on all basitarsi, and the mesepisternum entirely glabrous. Fidia marraverpa is most similar to pale specimens of F. humeralis but is distinguished from the latter by having the humeral callus glabrous and darker than the surrounding humeral area. Females of F. marraverpa are distinguished from paler specimens of F. pedestris and F. spuria by the much smaller apical process of the last abdominal sternum and from F. humeralis by having the apical process rounded rather than pointed.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 7). Known only from the types.</p> <p>Natural History. Unknown.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF9A7454A1C37CA60872DFB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF9B7457A1C37D060872DFB1.text	039887A6FF9B7457A1C37D060872DFB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia papillata Strother 2008	<div><p>Fidia papillata Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 16, 41, 65, 73, 104; Map 7)</p> <p>Holotype ♂ (MCZC): " MEXICO: Hidalgo 46 km SW Tamazunchale 4900', 4 June 1987 R. Turnbow / RHTC [yellow, handwritten] / Not in MCZ [handwritten] MCZ-B, E.G. Riley, 87 / HOLOTYPE Fidia papillata</p> <p>M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is glued on a point and is in excellent condition with only the right mesotarsus missing. The dissected abdominal sterna and terga are glued on a rectangular card pinned beneath the specimen. The following structures are preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen: left antennomeres 8–11, left metatarsomeres 4+5, and ovipositor with genital chamber and spermatheca attached.</p> <p>Description (of holotype). TL = 6.15 mm, HW = 2.72 mm. Color: Head, pronotal disc, elytra, tibiae, and tarsi orange-brown to red-brown; lateral aspect of pronotum and most of each thoracic sternum black; abdominal sterna pale orange-brown with first four sterna bearing dark brown, transverse semicircular spot on each lateral aspect, spots becoming smaller and less distinct on successive sterna; femora fulvous at base abruptly becoming darker red-brown distad of basal 1/3; pubescence of head and most of elytra straw-yellow, bright golden-yellow on midline of pronotum, blackish on either side of pronotal midline, and pale golden on lateral aspect of pronotum; elytra with relatively broad, feebly defined, transverse blackish band at apical 1/3, proximal to apical declivity. Pronotum: Slightly longer than wide, widest at middle, sides gently convex in dorsal view, equally narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, dorsum straight in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctatereticulate; pubescence long, recumbent, relatively sparse but forming slightly denser stripe along midline. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus well-developed; sutural area between intrahumeral calli impressed; large, deep, subcircular postcallosal impression; second impression posterolaterad the postcallosal impression, mesally bordered by large, rounded, oblong swelling separating more shallowly impressed sutural area; apical 1/3 distinctly declivitous, broadly, shallowly impressed near suture; disc coarsely punctate-striate; asetose punctures large, irregularly shaped; interstices flat to convex, densely rugulose-punctulate; pubescence relatively sparse, generally posteriorly directed, but setae in impressions more or less radiate from center. Abdomen: Medial area of all sterna evenly convex, uniformly densely punctulatepubescent; apical margin of last sternum truncate, bearing two small papillae; pygidium dorsally feebly impressed medially in apical ½; apex of pygidium truncate with distinct posterolateral angles, each angle feebly produced into small, acute tooth. Legs: Pro- and mesofemora swollen, widest at middle, distinctly tapered toward base; hind femora much longer than pro- and mesofemora with basal ½ extremely narrow, widest in apical 1/3. Spermatheca: Modified basal arm type (Fig. 104).</p> <p>Etymology. Feminine form of Latin papillatus, meaning bearing papillae; denoting the two small papillae on the apical margin of the last abdominal sternum of the holotype.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Large (approximately 6.15 mm.); pronotum coarsely reticulate-punctate, bearing relatively dense, bright golden-yellow pubescent medial longitudinal stripe; each elytron with two distinct impressions posteriad of intrahumeral callus (Fig. 16), each bearing radiating setae; metafemur long, basal ½ extremely narrow (Fig. 41); apical margin of last abdominal sternum truncate, bearing two small papillae (Fig. 65); apical margin of pygidium truncate with distinct posterolateral angles (Fig. 73). Males are unknown.</p> <p>Fidia papillata is very distinctive and is not likely to be confused with any other species. Fidia xanthonioides is similar to F. papillata in having impressions on the disc of the elytra but is much smaller, lacks goldenyellow setae on the pronotum, has the metafemur narrowed only in the basal 1/2, and females lack papillae on the apical margin of the last abdominal sternum.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 7). Known only from the holotype.</p> <p>Natural History. Unknown.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF9B7457A1C37D060872DFB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF997450A1C37CC20872DA49.text	039887A6FF997450A1C37CC20872DA49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia pedestris Lefevre	<div><p>Fidia pedestris Lefèvre</p> <p>(Figs. 17, 60, 64, 85; Map 8)</p> <p>Fidia pedestris Lefèvre 1877: 164 (original description); Jacoby 1882: 166 (faunal treatment); Lefèvre 1885: 76 (catalog); Clavareau 1914: 76 (catalog); Blackwelder 1946: 662 (checklist); Bechyné 1953: 249 (catalog); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist); Flowers 1996: 36 (checklist). The types of F.pedestris were not located. Lefèvre did not state the number of specimens he had before him, but he indicated it was more than one by giving a range for the length measurement. Two specimens bearing type labels are preserved in the BMNH; they are a male labeled, " Type / Toxpam [sic] Mexico. Salle Coll. [Toxpam is handwritten] / Fidia pedestris, Lef. apud Salle. [handwritten] / 556 [blue] / B.C.A. 166.1. [tan]" and a female labeled, "Type [white disc with red border] / SYN-TYPE [white disc with blue border] / Type / Cordova [sic] / Type. Sp. figured. / Mexico. Salle Coll. / Fidia pedestris. E. Lef. Type) [handwritten] / Fidia pedestris, Lef. apud Salle. [handwritten] / B.C.A. 166.1. [tan]". Neither of these was collected at the type locality, Oaxaca, given by Lefèvre in his original description. Jacoby (1882) listed four localities, "... Oaxaca 1, Toxpam [sic], Cordova [sic], Cerro de Plumas..." for F. pedestris. The superscript one after the first locality indicated that the reference had come from Lefèvre's publication. The latter three localities were new records reported by Jacoby. Therefore it is clear that the two specimens mentioned above were not part of Lefèvre's syntype series but simply specimens Jacoby had before him during his preparation for the Biologia. As a result these specimens are here rejected as syntypes, and the label, "SPECIMEN NOT A SYNTYPE BASED ON LOCALITY M.S.Strother 1993 [blue]", has been added to each.</p> <p>According to N. Berti (pers. comm.), the MNHN does not house any specimens of F. pedestris which could be considered types. It is not known whether the types of F. pedestris have been lost or destroyed, but designation of a neotype does not seem warranted at this time.</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 3.88–4.16 mm, HW = 1.72–1.84 mm. Females: TL = 4.72–5.08 mm, HW = 2.12– 2.44 mm. Color: Polymorphic with three distinct forms: 1) entirely red-brown with apical antennomeres and legs often slightly darker; 2) entirely very dark red-brown to nearly black, occasionally with very faint bluegreen metallic luster on head, pronotum and legs; 3) head, pronotum, apical 1/3 to 2/3 of elytra, and legs blackish; often with faint blue-green metallic luster on head, pronotum, and legs; basal 1/3 to 2/3 of elytra redorange to red-brown; all forms with thoracic and abdominal sterna red-orange to blackish; pubescence silverywhite. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at or immediately posteriad middle, sides feebly to gently arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum gently convex anteriorly to feebly sinuate with posterior portion feebly concave in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate to irregularly, moderately densely punctate; punctures of central and posterior portion of disc often separated by more than two diameters of one puncture; pubescence relatively sparse to moderately dense, fine, hair-like. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus well-developed, posteriorly bordered by transverse, sublunate, shallow to moderately deep impression; asetose punctate-striae feeble to moderately distinct basally and laterally, obscure to obsolete distally; interstices flat to slightly convex laterally, sparsely to moderately densely, finely punctate; setose punctures subequal in diameter to asetose punctures; pubescence long, sparse, fine, hair-like. Abdomen: Males: medial area of first sternum feebly flattened; medial area of second sternum with two widely separated, weakly developed calli, each bearing dense tuft of long, posteromedially directed, recumbent setae that more or less overlap lobes of third sternum; medial area of third sternum with two small, closely spaced, round to subangulate, posteriorly directed lobes, each with dense, short tuft of setae beneath; last two sterna evenly convex to feebly flattened medially; pygidium dorsally weakly convex with subacutely rounded apex. Females: medial area of all sterna evenly convex, uniformly punctate-pubescent; apical margin of last sternum subacutely concave with large, subtruncate to rounded medial process; pygidium dorsally flat to shallowly impressed, apex subacutely rounded with distinct, acute process at each posterolateral angle. Legs: Both sexes with pro- and mesofemora robust, moderately to abruptly tapered toward base; metafemur narrow in basal 1/3, gradually enlarged in distal 1/3. Males with all tibial spurs small, lacking visible surface sculpture; discosetae on all basitarsi. Penis: In posterior view, sides tapered toward acutely rounded apex with long, stout, spine-like apical process. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part basally feebly convex, more convex distally before stout, recurved, spine-like apical process; euventral surface feebly to slightly sinuate with proximal portion concave, apical portion convex. Sperm guide composed of upper and lower sclerites. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (3.88–5.08 mm.); pubescence, especially of elytra, sparse, very fine, hair-like; intrahumeral callus of elytron prominent, posteriorly bordered by transverse, sublunate impression. Males with medial area of third abdominal sternum bearing two small, closely placed, round to subangulate, posteriorly directed lobes, each with dense, short tuft of setae beneath and partially covered by setal tufts of second sternum (Fig. 60); apex of penis with long, stout, spine-like apical process (Fig. 85). Females with api- cal margin of last abdominal sternum subacutely concave bearing large, subtruncate to feebly rounded medial process (Fig. 64).</p> <p>Males of F. pedestris are immediately distinguished from males of all other species by the setal tufts and lobes of the second and third abdominal sterna, respectively. Females of F. pedestris are similar to females of F. spuria but can be distinguished from the latter by having the apicomedial process of the last abdominal sternum subtruncate to feebly rounded rather than pointed. Some specimens of F. pedestris are dark with redorange elytral humeri and superficially resemble specimens of F. humeralis but can be distinguished from the latter by the prominent intrahumeral calli and sparser pubescence.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 8). Fidia pedestris occurs along the Sierra Madre Oriental in eastern Mexico from Hidalgo to Oaxaca. Collecting elevations ranged from 1265 m to 1524 m.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (8♂♂, 9♀♀).</p> <p>MEXICO. HIDALGO: 2.7 mi. N. Tlanchinol, hwy. 105, viii:2:82 (EGRC:1), 46 km SW. Tamazunchale, vi:4:1987 (EGRC:2, RHT:2), Molango, Laguna Atezca [sic], viii:3:82 (EGRC:1). VERACRUZ: * Cerro de Plumas (see Selander &amp; Vaurie 1962), no date (BMNH:6), Cordova [sic], no date (BMNH:1), Toxpam [sic] (see Selander &amp; Vaurie 1962), no date (BMNH:1). No locality, no date (BMNH:2).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 4 June to 3 August.</p> <p>Natural History. Unknown.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF997450A1C37CC20872DA49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF9F7452A1C379AB0EB5D801.text	039887A6FF9F7452A1C379AB0EB5D801.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia pedinops Strother & Staines 2008	<div><p>Fidia pedinops Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 18, 34, 98; Map 4)</p> <p>Fidia murina Dejean 1836: 412 (catalog); Dejean 1837: 436 (catalog). Nomen Nudum.</p> <p>Fidia longipes: Blatchley 1924: 57 (faunal treatment); Schultz 1970: 245 (dissertation), ex parte; Balsbaugh &amp; Hays 1972: 73 (faunal treatment), ex parte.</p> <p>Holotype ♂ (MCZC): "FL: Madison Co.; 0.4 mi. W of Hwy 6 on Hwy 90; 26-V-1992 coll. M. S. Strother / collected on Vitis sp. / HOLOTYPE Fidia pedinops M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is glued on a point and is in excellent condition with all appendages intact. The genitalia were not dissected. Paratypes (50): each bears the label, " PARATYPE Fidia pedinops M.S.Strother 1993 " (see SPECIMENS EXAMINED below for label data and deposition of each paratype).</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 4.48–5.36 mm, HW = 2.00– 2.52 mm. Females: TL = 4.52–5.76 mm, HW = 2.28–2.80 mm. Color: Entirely blackish, often with very faint, blue metallic luster, less commonly very dark red-brown; pubescence white. Head: In frontal view, lateral margin of eyes nearly flush with sides of head. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at or immediately posteriad middle, sides slightly to distinctly rounded in dorsal view, dorsum feebly to gently convex in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate; pubescence fine, recumbent, moderately sparse. Mesepisternum: Densely pubescent. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus obsolete; asetose punctate-striae distinct; interstices flat to feebly convex, moderately densely punctulate-rugulose; pubescence moderately dense, not forming distinct rows between punctate-striae. Abdomen: Males: medial area of first three sterna feebly flattened; first sternum bearing impunctate, glabrous area; second and third sterna often bearing similar areas; last sternum mesally feebly impressed; pygidium dorsally slightly convex with broadly rounded to subtruncate apex. Females: medial area of all sterna evenly convex, uniformly punctate-pubescent; apical margin of last sternum distinctly concave, lacking distinct medial process; pygidium dorsally feebly to moderately impressed with reflexed margins, apex more acutely rounded than in males. Legs: Both sexes with femora gradually tapered toward base. Males with protibia distally feebly to moderately curved ventrally; pro- and mesotibial spurs stout, contiguous, minutely rugulose; discosetae on pro- and mesobasitarsi only. Penis: In posterior view, sides slightly concave near middle; posterolateral angles obtusely rounded; apical emargination small, subtriangular; apical lobes subtriangular. In lateral view, euventral surface of declivitous part convex, slightly rounded immediately proximal to apex; euventral surface nearly straight to feebly concave. Sperm guide composed of lower sclerite only. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Etymology. From Greek pedinos, meaning flat or level, and ops, meaning eye; referring to the unique eyes of this species, which are nearly flush with the sides of the head.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Eyes not bulging from sides of head (Fig. 34); medium-sized (4.48–5.76 mm.); entirely black to very dark red-brown; pronotal punctures coarse; apical emargination of penis small, subtriangular (Fig. 98); apical lobes subtriangular. Fidia pedinops is immediately distinguished from all other species by having the eyes nearly flush with the sides of the head rather than distinctly convex and laterally protruding.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 4). Fidia pedinops occurs in southeastern Alabama, the panhandle of Florida as far south as Gainesville, and in southwestern and central Georgia.</p> <p>Specimens examined (222). Paratypes: "AL: Barbour Co.; 4 mi west of Hwy 431 on Hwy 82; 31-V- 1992 coll. M. S. Strother / collected on Vitis sp. &amp; Parthenocissus quinquefolia " (AUEM:7); "AL: Henry Co.; 3.2 mi North of Hwy 431 on Hwy 173; 31-V-1992 coll. M. S. Strother / collected on mixed Vitaceae " (MSS:5); "AL: Houston Co.; 3.8 mi N of state line on Hwy 109; 31-V-1992; M. S. Strother / collected on Vitis sp. " (MSS:2); "AL: Houston Co.; at the jct of Hwy 231 &amp; 109; 31-V-1992 coll. M. S. Strother / collected on mixed Vitaceae " (MSS:1); FL: Hamilton Co.; 3.5 miles W. of Hwy 441 on C.R. 6; 30-V-1992 coll. M. S. Strother / collected on Vitis sp. " (MCZC:10); "FL: Jackson co.; 5.1 mi, W of Hwy 231 on Hwy 169; 1-VI-1992 coll. by M. S. Strother / collected on Vitis sp. " (LSUC:3); "FL: Jackson Co.; at Jct. of Hwy 231 &amp; 161; 31-V- 1992 coll. M. S. Strother / collected on Vitis sp. " (MSS:5); "FL: Madison Co.; 0.4 mi. W of Hwy 6 on Hwy 90; 26-V-1992 coll. M. S. Strother / collected on Vitis sp. " (USNM:12); "FL: Suwannee Co.; 0.1 mi W of Columbia Co. line on Hwy 90; 26-V-1992; M. S. Strother / collected on Vitis rotundifolia " (LSUC:2); "GA: Chattahoochee Co.; 2.5mi W of Marion Co. line on Hwy 26; 25-V-1992; M.S.Strother / collected on Vitis sp. " (UGCA:2); "GA: Marion Co.; 6.1 mi W. of Schley Co. line on Hwy 26; 25-V-1992; coll. by M. S. Strother / collected on Vitis sp. " (UGCA:1).</p> <p>Non-type material: ALABAMA: Dale Co., Ft. Rucker Mil. Res., v:6:1983 (RHT:1), v:7:1983 (RHT:7), v:10:1983 (RHT:6), v:12:1983 (RHT:4), v:13:1983 (RHT:9), v:21:1983 (RHT:3), v:10:1984 (RHT:7), vi:11:1983 (RHT:1); Escambia Co., county only, v:17:1980 (AUEM:1); Monroe Co., county only, v:19:1963 (AUEM:1). FLORIDA: Alachua Co., 4 mi. N. LaCrosse, J.&amp;E. Ranch, v:16:1989 (FSCA:1), v:22–26:1989 (FSCA:1), Gainesville, v:7:19 (CUIC:1), v:22:57 (FSCA:1), vi:1:1980 (FSCA:1), vi:2:1981 (FSCA:1), 6:5:1941 (FSCA:2), 6:21:19 (CUIC:6, PURC:1, UGCA:1), 6:24:19 (CUIC:3), San Felasco Hammock, v:23:1977 (FSCA:2), vi:2:1977 (FSCA:2), vi:9:1977 (FSCA:1), county only, 6:13:54 (FSCA:3); Hamilton Co., 3½ mi. E. West Lake, v:17:1969 (AJG:2); Jackson Co., Fla. Caverns St. Pk., v:23:66 (FSCA:1), Spring Lake, 5:25:74 (MUIC:1); Liberty Co., 4 mi. N. Torreya St. Pk., v:3:1980 (FSCA:1), Torreya St. Pk., v:3:1976 (AMNH:10, EGRC:2), v:4:1976 (AMNH:5, EGRC:2), v:5:1976 (AMNH:5, EGRC:2), v:6:1984 (RHT:1), v:6:1989 (RHT:1), v:7:1989 (RHT:3), vii:8:1989 (RHT:1), vii:15:1987 (PES:1), Torreya State Park, v:13:69 (FSCA:2), v:13:1970 (FSCA:2), v:15:64 (FSCA:2), v:17:1970 (FSCA:3), vii:3:1973 (FSCA:1), Torreya State Pk., v:19:1985 (EGRC:7); Okaloosa Co., Destin, v:19:69 (FSCA:3); Union Co., Hwy 241 at Santa Fe R., iv:23:1989 (FSCA:4), v:11:1989 (FSCA:6), v:24:1987 (FSCA:1), Hwy 241 at Santa Fe River, iv:25:1985 (FSCA:2); Wakulla Co., Hwy 267, 1 mi. SE jct hwy. 319, v:12:1986 (EGRC:1, RHT:2), US 319 5 Mi E Crawfordville, v:15:1973 (FAMU:21); County not determined, Mikesville, v:14:60 (FSCA:2). GEORGIA: Hancock Co., 6.4 mi. S Sparta, v:25:1976 (UGCA:1); Schley Co., Ellaville, v:18:37 (USNM:1). No locality, no date (BMNH:1, MRSN:3 [=Dejean's three specimens]).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 23 April to 15 July.</p> <p>Natural History. Specimens were collected on various members of the Vitaceae including Ampelopsis arborea (L.), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.), Vitis rotundifolia Michx., and Vitis spp. Specimens were also taken "on log", at lights, in Malaise trap, in CO 2 baited Malaise traps, in Leggett traps, and in " 6m Malaise trap w/ 1-Octen-3-ol + 2 green balls".</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Dejean (1836) did not provide a description nor indication for the name F. murina, and it is a nomen nudum. An examination of the three Dejean specimens bearing the name F. murina, located in the Spinola collection of the MRSN, revealed that subsequent authors failed to recognize Dejean's species and applied the name F. murina to other taxa (Glover 1868; Crotch 1873). This taxon has gone unrecognized by several authors (Blatchley 1924; Schultz 1970; Balsbaugh &amp; Hays 1972), who did not distinguish it from the superficially similar F. longipes which occurs throughout the entire range of F. pedinops.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF9F7452A1C379AB0EB5D801	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF9D745CA1C37BF60BD4DEB6.text	039887A6FF9D745CA1C37BF60BD4DEB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia rileyorum Strother & Staines 2008	<div><p>Fidia rileyorum Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 19, 25, 33, 47, 61, 72, 94; Map 3)</p> <p>Fidia longipes: Blatchley 1910: 1143 (faunal treatment); Clavareau 1914: 76 (catalog), ex parte; Leng 1920: 293 (catalog), ex parte; Schultz 1970: 245 (dissertation), ex parte; Rouse &amp; Medvedev 1972: 79 (checklist); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist), ex parte; Riley &amp; Enns 1979: 65 (checklist).</p> <p>Holotype ♂ (MCZC): " 1 mi. E Moberly Mo. Randolph Co. 28 ⋅ June '72 [date handwritten] E. G. Riley / HOLOTYPE Fidia rileyorum M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is glued on a point and is in excellent condition with all appendages intact. The genitalia were not dissected. Paratypes (14): each bears the label, " PARATYPE Fidia rileyorum M.S.Strother 1993 [yellow]" (see specimens examined for label data and deposition of each paratype).</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 3.68–4.84 mm, HW = 1.64–2.40 mm. Females: TL = 4.08–5.35 mm, HW = 2.04–2.76 mm. Description as for F. longipes with the following exceptions: males with protibial apex not noticeably expanded laterally nor dorsoventrally compressed; protibial spurs separated by slightly more than the width of one spur, but less that the length of one spur; apical emargination of penis with width subequal to depth, relatively wider and deeper than in F. longipes, giving apical lobes longer, slightly more tapered appearance.</p> <p>Etymology. Named in honor of Dr. T. J. Riley and E. G. Riley for their constant support and advice throughout this study.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized (3.68–5.35 mm); fulvous to black, with at least one pair of femora distinctly lighter basally (some specimens from southern portion of the distribution have all femora entirely flavous to fulvous); pronotal punctation coarse. Male with protibial apex not distinctly dorsoventrally compressed nor laterally expanded; protibial spurs separated by less than the length of one spur (Fig. 47); apical emargination of penis with width subequal to depth (Fig. 94), usually with small medial tooth.</p> <p>Fidia rileyorum is similar to F. convexicollis, F. delilahae, and F. longipes. Characters distinguishing it from these three species are given in the diagnosis for each, respectively.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 3). Fidia rileyorum occurs west of the Appalachian Mountains, from western Ohio to western Alabama, west to southeastern Minnesota and east Texas.</p> <p>Specimens examined (473). Paratypes: " 1 mi. E Moberly Mo. Randolph Co. 28 ⋅ June '72 [date handwritten] E. G. Riley (EGRC:3); " 1 mi. E Moberly Mo. Randolph Co. 13 July 75 E. G. Riley " (EGRC:1); " Sugar Creek June 17, 72 E. G. Riley " (EGRC:1); " Sugar Creek L. June 15. 72 E. G. Riley " (EGRC:1); " Sugar Creek L. June 23, 72 E. G. Riley " (EGRC:1); " Randolph Co., Mo. Sugar Creek Lake, Moberly: VI-14-80 Coll. E.G.Riley " (EGRC:1); " Sugar Creek Lake Mo. Moberly, Randolph Co. 16 - June '74 E. G. Riley " (AJG:1, JEWC:1); " Sugar Creek Lake Mo. Moberly, Randolph Co. 22' June '74 E. G. Riley " (AJG:1, EGRC:2, JEWC:1).</p> <p>Non-type material: ALABAMA: Choctaw Co., Bladon Spgs. St. Pk., vii:31:1963 (AUEM:1), viii:1:1963 (AUEM:1); Lawrence Co., County Road 41, v:23:1992 (MSS:2). ARKANSAS: Benton Co., Bentonville, vi:5:18 (USNM:2), vi:10:18 (USNM:1); Clay Co., Knobel, 10:6:94 (UMRM:2); Johnson Co., Clarksville, vii:16:1974 (UADE:1); Madison Co., [county only], vi:18:1965 (UADE:1); Polk Co., 7.1 mi. NW of Acorn, vii:24:73 (UADE:1); Washington Co., Fayetteville, vii:6:1893 (CSUC:1), White Rock Mt. Winslow, vi:23:44 (INHS:1); No county: South West Ark., no date (AMNH:1). ILLINOIS: Alexander Co., Horseshoe Lake, vi:18:1947 (INHS:1), vi:22:50 (INHS:1); Calhoun Co., Hamburg, vi:8:1949 (INHS:8), Hardin, vi:5–9:1932 (INHS:1); Champaign Co., 3.5 mi. NE Mohamet, vii:2:1960 (INHS:1), vii:7:1960 (INHS:1), Cham., 7:8:15 (INHS:1, MCZC:1), vi:20:15 (MCZC:1), vii:15:15 (INHS:1), Champaign, vi:11:1911 (INHS:10, MCZC:1), U. Ill. Woods, vi:28:37 (USNM:1), Urbana, vi:10:51 (CMNC:3), vi:12:1905 (INHS:3), vi:13:13 (INHS:1), vi:18:14 (INHS:1), vi:2:05 (INHS:2), vi:24:1942 (INHS:1), vi:24:24 (INHS:1), vi:5:1905 (INHS:6), vi:9:08 (INHS:3, USNM:1), vii:5:1926 (INHS:1), Urbana, University Campus, vii:9:1923 (INHS:1); Clark Co., Rocky Branch Creek, N of Clarksville, viii:8–20:1987 (PES:1), Rocky Branch Dolson, (Clarksville), vi:14:1933 (INHS:3); Coles Co., county only, viii:29:1984 (PES:1); Fayette Co., Mulberry Grove, vii:6:1950 (INHS:1), Vandalia, vii:6:1950 (INHS:1); Gallatin Co., Shawneetown, vi:23:1950 (INHS:1) Hancock Co., Kibbe Life Sci. Sta., vii:9:1965 (NDSU:1), A Kebbe [sic] Fd Sta, vi:26:78 (NDSU:1); Jackson Co., Giant City S.P., vii:5:1944 (INHS:2); La Salle Co., Starved Rock St. Pk., vi:27:1938 (UAIC:1), vi:12:1939 (UAIC:1), Utica, no date (UAIC:1); Lawrence Co., Red Hills St. Pk., vi:13:64 (FSCA:1), county only, v:30:38 (CASC:1), vii:13:1937 (UCDC:2); Marion Co., Iuka, vi:21:1950 (INHS:1); Piatt Co., Allerton Park, nr. Monticello, vii:1:1956 (INHS:2); Pope Co., Golconda, vi:22:1932 (INHS:2); Pulaski Co., county only, v:24:08 (INHS:1), vi:28:09 (INHS:1); Putnam Co., county only, vi:24:1932 (INHS:1), vii:4:1932 (INHS:1); Saline Co., Harrisburg, vi:23:1950 (INHS:3); St. Clair Co., Kahokia, vi:30:04 (UMRM:2), county only, vi;12 (MCZC:1), vi:12:1904 (UMRM:2), vi:15:1908 (UMRM:11), vi:20:1903 (MCZC:2, UMRM:11), vi:21:1904 (UMRM:2), vi:30:1904 (UMRM:3), vii:1 (MCZC:2), vii:1:1903 (UMRM:2); Union Co., Pine Hills, vii:3:1972 (SIUC:1); Vermillion Co., Oakwood, vi:18:1939 (INHS:1), vii:31:1947 (INHS:1), Oakwood, Kickapoo St. Pk., vii:5:1948 (INHS:1); No County, Eichorn, Hick's Branch, vi:13:1934 (INHS:1), N. of E. Peoria, viii:25:1960 (INHS;1), White Heath, vi:25:1939 (INHS:3), vii:20:1939 (INHS:1); State only, no date (INHS:3, NDSU:1). INDIANA: Clark Co., State Forest, vi:14:1933 (PURC:2), vi:12:1934 (USNM:1); Crawford Co., county only, vi:24:03 (PURC:1); Knox Co., county only, vii:2:03 (PURC:1), vi:11:06 (TAMU:1), ix:4:21 (PURC:1), vii:11:1929 (PURC:1), vi:26:1937 (UCDC:1); Lawrence Co., county only, iii:24:07 (PURC:1); Marion Co., Ind'ap'lis, vii:14:10 (MCZC:1), Indianapolis, vii:14:1910 (CUIC:1), vii:23:1951 (FSCA:1), vii:27:1958 (FSCA:1); county only, vi:4:22 (PURC:1), vi:16:23 (PURC:1), no date (BMNH:5); Owen Co., county only, vi:18:1982 (PURC:1); Parke Co., county only, vii:5:1970 (SEMC:9); Putnam Co., county only, no date (BMNH:2); Tippecanoe Co., 7m. NW Lafayette, vii:4:1983 (JEWC:2), Lafayette, vii:23:1961 (AMNH:2), vii:6:1987 (FSCA:1), McCormick Woods, viii:10:1981 (JEWC:1), W, Lafayette McCormick Woods, vii:4:1967 (FSCA:2), county only, vii:11:1932 (USNM:1), vii:3:1953 (AMNH:4), vi:17:1955 (USNM:2), vi:26:1955 (USNM:4), vi:27:1956 (AMNH:2), vi:21:1957 (AMNH:2), vi:22:1977 (AMNH:3), vi:9:1982 (FSCA:1); Vermillion Co., county only, vi:14:04 (PURC:1), viii:11:04 (PURC:1), viii:17:21 (CUIC:2); Vigo Co., county only, iv:2:92 (CUIC:4); Warren Co., Pine Village, 7:10:50 (INHS:1); White Co., Springsboro, vii:2:1967 (FSCA:1); County not determined: Bear Wallow, vi:22:1963 (FSCA:1), vi:20:1964 (FSCA:1), vi:7:1965 (FSCA:2), vii:3:1965 (FSCA:1); State only, vii:13:10 (MCZC:1). IOWA: Boone Co., Ledges State Pk., vi:9:1956 (AMNH:3), county only, vii:4:32 (USNM:1); Polk Co., Brown Frst Prsv, vi:12–13:1982 (JEWC:1), Jester Park, vi:1,4:85 (JEWC:3), vi:22:85 (JEWC:2), W. Saylorville Lk., vi:9:85 (JEWC:1), vi:15:1985 (JEWC:2), vi:22:85 (JEWC:3), Walnut Woods, vii:3:1981 (JEWC:6); State only, no date, (AMNH:1, UAIC:1, USNM:1). KENTUCKY: Christian Co., county only, vi:15:1960 (INHS:1, CNCI:1); Franklin Co., Frankfort, 5:7:93 (USNM:1), viii:18:89 (USNM:1); Henderson Co., Henderson, vii:15:23 (LACM:2); Jefferson Co., Louisville, vii:17:94 (UMRM:2); State only, no date (USNM:1). LOUI- SIANA: East Baton Rouge Par., Baton Rouge, vi:3:1986 (LSUC:1), v:14:1992 (MSS:4), LSU Campus, vii:11:1985 (LSUC:2); Natchitoches Par., Kis. N.F., Cunningham Brake at end of FS 348, vi:18:1988 (LSUC:1); St. Landry Par., Opelousas, v:7:08 (USNM:1), Thistlethwaite W.M.A., vii:16:1988 (LSUC:1); St. Tammany Par., county only, vi:15:1980 (LSUC:2); West Feliciana Par., Hardwood on Hwy 61, v:16:1992 (MSS:22), near Weyanoke, v:16:1981 (EGRC:1); State only, v:21:89 (MCZC:1), v:27:97 (MCZC:1), v:31:97 (MCZC:1). MINNESOTA: Olmsted Co., county only, no date (DEFW:1). MISSISSIPPI: Adams Co., Natchez, vi:6:95 (MUIC:1); Benton Co., 6.1 mi. S. of Ashland on Hwy 4/5, vi:2:1992 (MSS:5); Greene Co., county only, vi:19:1970 (MUIC:1); Itawamba Co., 10.4 mi. N. of Hwy 78 on Hwy 25, vi:2:1992 (MSS:4); Jackson Co., Ocean Springs, v:10:1981 (MUIC:2); Lamar Co., county only, v:28:74 (MUIC:1); Lauderdale Co., Meridian, vi:19 (USNM:1); Lincoln Co., 6 mi. NE Bude, viii:11:1982 (MUIC:1); Lowndes Co., 5.1 mi. W. of AL on Hwy 12, v:23:1992 (MSS:2); Oktibbeha Co., 8 mi. SSW Starkville, vi:20:1975 (MUIC:1), vi:30:1975 (MUIC:2), Ag. Coll., 5:9:1921 (MUIC:1), vii:94 (MUIC:1), Ag. College, v:18:1921 (MUIC:1); Pontotoc Co., 1 mi. SE Ecru, vii:2:1980 (MUIC:1), vii:16:1980 (MUIC:1); Scott Co., Forest, vi:9:1989 (RHT:6); Smith Co., 2.3 mi. E Polkville, vi:10:1989 (RHT:3); Tippah Co., 3.4 mi. E. of Hwy 2 on Hwy 4, vi:2:1992 (MSS:14); Tishomingo Co., 5.6 mi. N. of county line on Hwy 25, vi:2:1992 (MSS:21); Warren Co., 1 mi. S Redwood, vi:10:1984 (RHT:1); Wilkinson Co., Pond; Clark Creek Nat. Area, vi:26:1987 (LSUC:1); Winston Co., 13 mi. S. Starkville, vi:14–25:1982 (MUIC:1), vi:28:1982 (MUIC:1), vii:12–19:1982 (MUIC:1); Nanih Waiya, v:29:1977 (MUIC:1). MISSOURI: Barry Co., vic overlook on Sugar Camp Rd., 3 mi, SE R.R. St., vii:3:1986 (LSUC:1), SW Roar. Riv. St. Pk., Sugar Camp rd. scenic over, vii:2:1984 (EGRC:1), Roaring River St. Park, vi:15:54 (CASC:3), Roaring River State Park, vi:10:1974 (UMRM:1); Boone Co., Ashland, viii:3:1968 (UMRM:1), Ashland Wildlife Area, vii:4:74 (EGRC:3), viii:3:76 (EGRC:1), Columbia, vii:1:1967 (UMRM:1), Hallsville; The Pinnacles, vi:27:1971 (UMRM:1); Camden Co., 1/ 2 mi. N.E. jct J on U.S. 54, vi:25:1975 (UMRM:1); Carter Co., Sky Line Drive nr. Van Buren, vii:22:1978 (EGRC:1); Franklin Co., Fern Glen, vi:14:1901 (USNM:1); Greene Co., Springfield, vii:15:1915 (USNM:1), vii:18:1915 (USNM:4); Jackson Co., Atherton, vi:4:22 (SEMC:1); Montgomery Co., Graham Cave State Park, vi:22:1974 (UMRM:1); Morgan Co., 1 mi. N jct. J on Rt.5, vi:25:1975 (UMRM:1); Polk Co., La Petit Gemme Pr. 3 mi. W. Bolivar, vi:13:1978 (EGRC:1); Pulaski Co., Ft. L. Wood, vii:11:1971 (TAMU:1); Randolph Co., 1 mi. E. Moberly, vi:28:72 (EGRC:4), vii:13:75 (EGRC:1), vii:3–4:1982 (EGRC:1), vii:3–4:1992 (EGRC:1), Sugar Creek, vi:17:72 (EGRC:1), Sugar Creek L., vi:15:72 (EGRC:1), vi:23:72 (EGRC:1), Sugar Creek Lake, Moberly, vi:16:74 (AJG:1, JEWC:1), vi:22:74 (AJG:1, EGRC:2, JEWC:1), vi:14:80 (EGRC:1); St. Charles Co., St. Charles, viii:20:99 (UMRM:1); St. Francois Co., St. Francois St. Pk., vi:21:1978 (EGRC:1); St. Louis Co., 2 m W St. Louis, vi:26:1904 (USNM:1), Creve Coeur Lake, vi:10:1900 (USNM:1), St. Louis, v:23:99 (UMRM:1), county only, v:25:02 (UMRM:1); Saline Co., Van Meter St. Pk., vi:27:1972 (UMRM:1); Stoddard Co., 2.8 mi. NE of Dexter; Holly Preserve, vi:10:1975 (UMRM:1), vi:22:1978 (EGRC:1); Mingo Wildlf. Refuge, vi:12:1975 (UMRM:1); Stone Co., 1 mi. E jct. 160 &amp; 248, vi:7:1975 (UMRM:1); Wayne Co., 3 mi. W Waynesville, vi:23:1978 (EGRC:5); State only, no date (DEFW:1). OHIO: Champaign Co., Westville, vii:19:62 (FSCA:1); Greene Co., county only, v:20:53 (OSUC:1), vii:8 (OSUC:2, CDAE:1); Hamilton Co., Cin., vi:15:01 (ANSP:2), no date (ANSP:6); State only, vi:24 (MCZC:1), no date (MCZC:3, UAIC:1, USNM:1). OKLAHOMA: Adair Co., Watts, vi:16:1939 (OSEC:1); Delaware Co., Flint, vi:6:1934 (OSEC:1). TENNESSEE: Davidson Co., Nashville, vi:23:93 (UMRM:2, USNM:4); Knox Co., Knoxville, vi:1:1957 (CMNC:1); Lake Co., Reelfoot Lk., vi:2:54 (OSUC:1); Shelby Co., Shelby For. St. Pk., vi:28:1954 (CMNC:1); Smith Co., Elmwood, no date (CASC:4). TEXAS: Brazos Co., College Sta., vii:3:1963 (CMNC:1). No locality, no date (INHS:1, TAMU:2).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 2 April to 4 September.</p> <p>Natural History. Plant associations included various members of the Vitaceae, including Ampelopsis arborea (L.), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.), and Vitis spp. as well as clover, cotton, locust, and nettle. Specimens were also taken at lights and in Leggett, Malaise, pitfall, and yellow sticky traps.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. This species was not previously recognized as a distinct taxon, and the name F. longipes has been invariably applied to it. Schultz (1970) mentioned examining two males, which lacked the typical spatulate protibiae of F. longipes, and suggested that they might represent a new species. However, he did not note the differences between the apex of the penis of the two species and applied the name F. longipes to both taxa.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF9D745CA1C37BF60BD4DEB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FF907425A1C37AB6091DDE8E.text	039887A6FF907425A1C37AB6091DDE8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia spuria Lefevre	<div><p>Fidia spuria Lefèvre</p> <p>(Figs. 20, 62, 84; Map 6)</p> <p>Fidia spuria Lefèvre 1877: 165 (original description); Jacoby 1882: 166 (faunal treatment); Lefèvre 1885: 76 (catalog); Clavareau 1914: 77 (catalog); Blackwelder 1946: 662 (checklist); Bechyné 1953: 250 (catalog); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist); Flowers 1996: 36 (checklist).</p> <p>It is impossible to know how many specimens Lefèvre had before him when he described this species, but he clearly had more than one because he gave ranges for the length and width measurements. Lectotype here designated (♀, BMNH): "Type [white disc with red border] / Juquila / Type / Mexico Salle Coll. / Fidia spuria E. Lef. Type [handwritten] / Fidia spurius, Lef. apud Salle. [handwritten] / 557 [blue] / Type. Sp. figured / B.C.A. 166.2. / 2. Fidia spuria. [folded] / LECTOTYPE Fidia spuria Lefèvre design. M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is rather dirty but otherwise in good condition with all appendages intact. It is pinned through the right elytron, with the wings exserted at the apex. The specimen is clearly teneral with brownish-yellow coloration, the abdomen slightly shriveled, and the left elytron bearing several diagonal and transverse creases. No other specimens of F. spuria were found in the BMNH (S. L. Shute pers. comm.) nor in the Lefèvre collection at the MNHN (N. Berti pers. comm.). The whereabouts of the remainder of Lefèvre's syntype series is unknown, and no paralectotypes are here designated.</p> <p>Fidia atra Jacoby 1882: 168 (original description) (nec Motschulsky 1860); Lefèvre 1885: 75 (catalog); Clavareau 1914: 76 (catalog); Blackwelder 1946: 662 (catalog); Bechyné 1953: 249 (catalog). New Synonymy.</p> <p>In his description, Jacoby stated that he had only a single specimen before him. Holotype (♀, BMNH): "Type [white disc with red border] / Oaxaca, Mexico. Hoege. / Fidia atra Jac. type [blue, handwritten in Jacoby's hand by comparison with plate 3 figures I and J of Smith &amp; Lawrence (1967)] / B.C.A. 168.10. / Fidia atra. [folded] / HOLO- TYPE Fidia atra Jacoby [red, added by M. S. Strother]", is the holotype. The specimen is in good condition with all appendages intact. It is glued parallel to the axis of a point, with the point covering the entire ventral surface of the abdomen and much of the metasternum as well.</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 4.22–4.67 mm, HW = 1.88–2.06 mm. Females: TL = 4.81–5.33 mm, HW = 2.28– 2.60 mm. Color: Entirely dark red-brown to black, usually with more or less distinct, metallic blue luster, especially on pronotum and elytra; pubescence silvery-white. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest posteriad middle, sides more convex basally in dorsal view, dorsum slightly to moderately convex in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate; pubescence moderately dense, uniformly distributed, not obscuring surface sculpture; setae fine, hair-like, recumbent. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus prominent, posteriorly bordered by shallow lunate impression; asetose punctate-striae present, less distinct on intrahumeral callus and apical 1/3; punctures larger, coarser, more closely spaced basally than on apical 1/3; interstices flat to feebly convex, moderately densely punctulate; pubescence moderately dense, uniformly distributed, not obscuring surface sculpture; setae fine, hair-like, recumbent. Abdomen: Males: medial area of first three sterna feebly flattened; first sternum with large, impunctate, glabrous area. Females: medial area of all sterna evenly convex, uniformly punctate-pubescent; apical margin of last sternum concave, bearing distinct, acute medial process with pointed apex. Both sexes with pygidium dorsally feebly convex in apical ½ with broadly rounded apex. Legs: Both sexes with femora gradually tapered towards base. Males with all tibial spurs small, lacking visible surface sculpture; pro- and mesobasitarsi moderately expanded; disco-setae on all basitarsi. Penis: In posterior view, sides basally distinctly tapered, apically subparallel; apex with acutely rounded apical process; euventral surface of medial tooth distinctly concave. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part distinctly convex; euventral surface feebly concave; apical tooth feebly recurved. Sperm guide composed of upper and lower sclerites. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized (4.22–5.33 mm); entirely blackish, often with faint metallic blue luster; sides of pronotum distinctly arcuate in dorsal view; pubescence uniformly distributed on pronotum and elytra; intrahumeral callus well-developed. Males with abdominal sterna lacking distinct modifications; all tibial spurs small, lacking visible surface sculpture; apical process of penis narrow (Fig. 84). Females with apicomedial process of last abdominal sternum acute with pointed apex (Fig. 62).</p> <p>Fidia spuria is similar to some specimens of F. humeralis, F. marraverpa, and F. pedestris. Characters distinguishing it from these three species are given in the diagnosis of each, respectively.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 6). Fidia spuria is only known from the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero and Oaxaca,</p> <p>Mexico. Collecting elevations ranged from 853–2560 m. Specimens Examined (3♂♂, 5♀♀). MEXICO. GUERRERO: 2 mi. E. Ocotito, vii:11:1985 (TAMU:1), 4.5 mi. NW. El Ocotito, vii:7:1987</p> <p>(BYUC:1), 4.5 mi. Ocotito, vii:7:1987 (TAMU:2), 7–10 km. W El Ocotito, ix:15:1989 (RHT:1), 7–10 km W</p> <p>El Ocotito, ix:15,16,22:1989 (JEWC:1). Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 7 July to 22 September. Natural History. The only habitat data given were "oak, pine, acacia forest." FIGURES 38–41. Right mesothoracic femur (scale bar = 0.5 mm.). 38. F. texana. 39. F. dichroma. 40. F. xanthonioides. 41. F. papillata.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Lefèvre (1877) first described this taxon as F. spuria. Jacoby (1882) figured the type of F. spuria and described F. atra (nec Motschulsky 1860) as a new, all black species. The lectotype of F. spuria and the holotype of F. atra share all of the diagnostic characters of the species and differ only in the fact that the lectotype of F. spuria is teneral and not completely melanized. Since F.atra Jacoby is a synonym of F. spuria, the homonymous relationship between F. atra Jacoby 1882 and F. atra Motschulsky 1860 is to be disregarded (Art. 57.8.1, ICZN 1999).</p> <p>FIGURES 50–52. Leg characters (scale bar = 0.5 mm). 50. Metachroma sp. left meso- and metathoracic tibiae. 51. F. viticida bifid claw. 52. Colaspis louisianae appendiculate tarsal claw.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FF907425A1C37AB6091DDE8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FFE87423A1C37CAB0FF5DD91.text	039887A6FFE87423A1C37CAB0FF5DD91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia texana Schaeffer. In 1934	<div><p>Fidia texana Schaeffer</p> <p>(Figs. 21, 38, 96; Map 2)</p> <p>Fidia viticida var. texana Schaeffer 1933: 472 (original description); Blackwelder 1939: 62 (catalog); Schultz 1970: 255 (dissertation, synonymized with F. murina Crotch, not a valid nomenclatural act); Wilcox 1975: 57 (synonymized with F. murina Crotch).</p> <p>Schaeffer did not state the number of specimens he had before him. Because he gives a single length measurement, it would appear that he had only one specimen. HOLOTYPE (♀, USNM): “N Braunfels, Tex [handwritten], Charles Schaeffer Collection, H. S. Barber Bequest 1950, Fidia viticida texana Schaeffer [white label with red border]”. This specimen is in good condition but the right antenna is missing antennomeres 9–11, the left antennae is missing antennomeres 10–11, and both middle and hind legs are missing.</p> <p>Fidia texans: Balsbaugh &amp; Hays 1972:73 (faunal treatment; misspelling; as a synonym of F. viticida Walsh).</p> <p>Fidia texana Schaeffer. Riley et al. 2003:152 (catalog); Clark et al. 2004:103 (host plants).</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 6.28–7.48 mm, HW = 2.88–3.48 mm. Females: TL = 6.52–8.08 mm, HW = 3.08– 3.88 mm. Description as for F. confusa with the following exceptions: Color: Entirely dark red-brown to nearly black, less commonly pale red-brown. Penis: In posterior view, sides gently concave near middle, widest at base of apical lobes; apical emargination, broad, shallow, with base slightly convex; apical lobes small, tapered to acutely rounded apex, widely separated. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part convex, with postostiolar area slightly projected; apical lobes euventrally directed; euventral surface straight to feebly concave. Sperm guide composed of lower sclerite only. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Large (6.28–8.08 mm.); entirely dark red-brown to nearly black, with dense silvery-white to straw-yellow pubescence; pronotum finely punctate-reticulate. Males with probasitarsus broad for entire length (similar to Fig. 55), not noticeably tapered towards apex; apical emargination of penis broad, shallow, feebly convex basally (Fig. 96); apical lobes of penis small, acute, widely separated. Females with distinct medial fovea on last abdominal sternum (similar to Fig. 66).</p> <p>Characters to distinguish F. texana from the other two large North American species, F. confusa and F. viticida, are given in the diagnosis under F. confusa.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 2). Fidia texana occurs in central and east-central Texas, but one specimen was examined from New Mexico, which may be mislabeled.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (133).</p> <p>UNITED STATES. NEW MEXICO: State only, no date (INHS:1). TEXAS: Bastrop Co., 1.5 mi. E Bastrop, vi:10:1989 (EGRC:1), Bastrop St. Pk., v:10:1992 (EGRC:3); Bexar Co., S. Antonio, vi:22:95 (USNM:2); Brazos Co., Bryan, v:27:89 (EGRC:10), v:28:89 (AJG:4), v:29:89 (EGRC:5), vi:2:89 (EGRC:18, AJG:2), College Sta., v:4:1964 (TAMU:1), College Sta., Lick Ck. Pk., v:19:92 (EGRC:8), College Station, v:12:1981 (RHT:1), v:18:1943 (TAMU:1), v:23:1933 (TAMU:1), v:28:89 (EGRC:26), vi:18:89 (EGRC:4), vi:19:1982 (EGRC:1, RHT:2), vi:19:89 (EGRC:2), ix:3:1970 (TAMU:1); Burleson Co., Lake Sommerville St. Pk. (north shore), vi:2:89 (EGRC:4, TAMU:4); Colorado Co., Columbus, 16:05 (USNM:2), 22:05 (USNM:2), 11:06 (USNM:2); Fayette Co., Flatonia, 30:4:1881 (USNM:1); Refugio Co., Welder Wildlife Refuge, 17 km NE Sinton, v:17–25:1985 (CMNC:5, TAMU:1); Tarrant Co., county only, vi:17:84 (TAMU:1); Travis Co., Austin BFL, vi:13:1986 (TAMU:1), vi:26:1986 (TAMU:1); Victoria Co., county only, 8:09:28 (SEMC:1), No county: Beaukiss, 5:03:33 (TAMU:4), v:4:33 (AMNH:4), Sealy, vi:16:1956 (CUIC:1); State only, no date (BMNH:1, MCZC:4).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 30 April to 3 September.</p> <p>Natural History. Specimens were collected on " Vitis candicans " (=ambiguous name, probably V. mustangensis Buckley, see Moore [1991]), V. mustangensis, and Vitis sp. all in the Vitaceae. Specimens were also taken in Malaise traps.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Schaeffer described this taxon as a variety of F. viticida Walsh. Balsbaugh &amp; Hays (1972) misspelled the name and placed it in synonymy with F. viticida Walsh. Wilcox (1975), following Schultz (1970), who did not publish this part of his dissertation, placed F. texana as a junior synonym of F. murina Crotch (herein renamed F. confusa). Fidia texana is distinct from F. confusa and is a valid species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFE87423A1C37CAB0FF5DD91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FFEC742AA1C37F6609F6DB99.text	039887A6FFEC742AA1C37F6609F6DB99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia tibialis Jacoby	<div><p>Fidia tibialis Jacoby</p> <p>(Figs. 22, 83; Map 8)</p> <p>Fidia tibialis Jacoby 1890: 232 (original description); Clavareau 1914: 77 (catalog); Blackwelder 1946: 662 (catalog); Bechyné 1953: 250 (catalog); Flowers 1996: 36 (checklist).</p> <p>In his original description, Jacoby stated that he had a single specimen collected by Höge before him. Therefore, the female in the BMNH bearing the labels: "Type [white disc with red border] / Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 4600 ft. July H.H. Smith / Fidia tibialis Jac. [blue, handwritten in Jacoby's hand by comparison with plate 3 figures I and J of Smith &amp; Lawrence (1967)] / B.C.A. 232.11. / Fidia tibialis. [folded] / HOLOTYPE Fidia tibialis Jacoby [red, added by M. S. Strother]", is the Holotype. The specimen is glued on a card and is in good condition with all appendages intact. The specimen was not dissected. No specimen of F. tibialis bearing Höge as the collector was found in the BMNH, and the specimen above matches Jacoby's description in every respect, except for the collector's name. It is therefore assumed that Jacoby erroneously listed Höge as the collector.</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 2.86–3.32 mm, HW = 1.41–1.63 mm. Females: TL = 3.06–3.36 mm, HW = 1.54– 1.73 mm. Color: Dorsum brassy black, occasionally brownish-black; abdomen brassy black, with apices of last abdominal sternum and pygidium dark red-brown in some specimens; femora brassy black with dark redbrown apices, tibiae and tarsi fulvous; last tarsomere and distal margins of remaining tarsomeres brown; pubescence usually white, but gold or bronze on disc of pronotum and elytra in some specimens. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, widest at middle, sides distinctly arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum slightly convex to nearly straight in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate-reticulate; pubescence fine, recumbent, not obscuring surface sculpture. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus moderately developed; asetose punctate-striae obsolete on disc, more evident on lateral aspect; surface coarsely punctate-areolate to feebly punctate-undose; setose punctures subequal in diameter to asetose punctures; pubescence relatively sparse, fine, suberect to recumbent, not obscuring surface sculpture. Abdomen: Both sexes with medial area of all sterna evenly convex; pygidium not distinctly sexually dimorphic, dorsally feebly convex in apical ½ with subacutely rounded apex. Males: medial area of first three sterna with impunctate, glabrous area. Females: medial area of all sterna uniformly punctate-pubescent; apical margin of last sternum subtruncate, lacking medial process. Legs: Both sexes with femora gradually tapered towards base. Males with all tibial spurs small, lacking visible surface sculpture; disco-setae on pro- and mesobasitarsi only. Penis: In posterior view, sides feebly tapered towards apex; apex truncate to slightly concave, with small, acutely angulate to subtruncate apical process; posterolateral angles distinctly rounded. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part feebly convex; euventral surface feebly concave with very fine transverse ridges distally; apex feebly convex to subtruncate, nearly perpendicular to axis of declivitous part with apical process acute, slightly euventrally directed. Sperm guide composed of upper and lower sclerites. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small (2.86–3.36 mm); brassy black with distinctly contrasting fulvous tibiae. Male with declivitous part of penis distally widened in lateral view; apex of penis truncate with small angulate to subtruncate medial tooth (Fig. 83). Fidia tibialis is the smallest member of the genus and quite distinctive. It is not likely to be confused with any other species.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 8). Fidia tibialis is known from Colima, Guerrero, Mexico, Michoacan, and Morelos, in south-central Mexico. Collecting elevations ranged from 3658–5669 m.</p> <p>Specimens Examined (9 ♂♂; 9 ♀♀).</p> <p>MEXICO. COLIMA: 9 mi. NE Comala, vii:19:1983 (TAMU:1). GUERRERO: * 1 mi. NE. La Laguna, vii:17:1984 (TAMU:2), 4 mi. W. Chilpancingo, vii:15:1984 (TAMU:1), 20.4 km. W Teloloapan, vii:25:1987 (EGRC:1, RHT:1). MEXICO: 3 miles NW. Valle de Bravo, vii:16:66 (TAMU:1), Temascaltepec Dist., Temascaltepec, 1933 (BMNH:1). MICHOACAN: 5 mi. NW Tuxpan, vii:7:82 (EGRC:1). MORELOS: 4.4 mi E Cuernavaca, vii:6–8:1974 (TAMU:1), 4.4 mi. E. Cuernavaca, vii:27–29:1976 (TAMU:4), 5.1 mi. E. Cuernavaca, vi:29:1973 (TAMU:2), 5.1 mi. E. Cuernavaca, vi:30:1973 (TAMU:1).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 29 June to 7 August.</p> <p>Natural History. Several specimens were collected at lights.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFEC742AA1C37F6609F6DB99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FFE57438A1C3791E0F15DAD1.text	039887A6FFE57438A1C3791E0F15DAD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia viticida Walsh. Balsbaugh & Hays 1972	<div><p>Fidia viticida Walsh</p> <p>(Figs. 23, 35, 42–43, 48, 51, 54, 56, 76–77, 99, 109; Map 1)</p> <p>Colaspis flavescens Sturm 1826: 123 (catalog). Nomen Nudum.</p> <p>Fidia flavescens: Sturm 1843: 295 (catalog, as synonym of F. lurida Dejean); Gemminger &amp; Harold 1874: 3376 (catalog, as synonym of F. lurida Dejean).</p> <p>Fidia lurida Dejean 1836: 412 (catalog); Dejean 1837: 436 (catalog); Sturm 1843: 295 (catalog); Gemminger &amp; Harold 1874: 3376 (catalog). Nomen Nudum.</p> <p>Fidia lurida Baly 1863: 153 (original description) Nomen Oblitum.</p> <p>Baly, under the assumption that Dejean's F. lurida was valid, did not intend to describe F. lurida as a new species (see taxonomic history under generic treatment), and he would, therefore, not have designated a type for the species. It is impossible to know how many specimens Baly had before him during the preparation of his 1863 publication, but he stated in his introduction that he had access to the collection of Rev. H. Clark in addition to his own large collection. In the BMNH, specimens from the Clark collection bear a small, machine-printed label, "67⋅ 56", (S. Shute, pers. comm.), and specimens from the Baly collection bear a machine-printed label, "Baly Coll." (Smith &amp; Lawrence 1967).</p> <p>In the Baly collection is a male bearing the following labels: "Type [extremely small, very pale green, handwritten] / Fidia lurida Dej. N. America [very pale green, handwritten, Baly "identification label" (see Smith &amp; Lawrence 1967: 9–13, for discussion of Baly labels)] / Baly Coll.". The origin of the small type label is not known, but it appears to be written in Baly's hand, based on comparison with figures of Baly labels given in plate 1 by Smith &amp; Lawrence. This male is here designated as Lectotype. It was chosen for three reasons: 1) it is a male, providing completely unambiguous identification for future comparisons; 2) it is the only specimen among the syntype series bearing an identification label of Fidia lurida written in Baly's hand, which indicates that the specimen matched Baly's concept of F. lurida, despite the fact that he may have added the label at a later date; and 3) it bears the locality, "N. America", matching the locality of F. lurida given by Baly. In addition to the labels listed above for this specimen, Strother added the following label, " LECTOTYPE Fidia lurida Baly design. M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is pinned through the right elytron with a stout pin trimmed on both ends, which is inserted through a small piece of card stock; it is in fair condition with the elytra slightly parted, much of the elytral pubescence abraded, and the following structures missing: left antennomeres 9–11 and the right pro-, meso-, and metathoracic legs, each broken off cleanly at the trochanter.</p> <p>Two additional specimens from the Baly collection, both females, bear the following labels: "Etats Unis [pale green, handwritten] / Baly Coll." and " Colaspis longipes Melsh. Am. bor. [handwritten, folded] / Baly Coll.", respectively. No evidence was found to suggest that these two specimens were not in Baly's collection in 1863, and they are considered to comprise part of Baly's syntype series. They are here designated as Paralectotypes, and to each has been added the label, " PARALECTOTYPE Fidia lurida Baly design. M. S. Strother 1993 [yellow]".</p> <p>Four specimens of F. viticida from the Clark collection are housed in the BMNH. A female bearing the labels, " E. Coll. Laferte. / Fidia. Dej. lurida. dej. Am. bor. [green, handwritten, folded] / 67⋅ 56 / Fidia viticida Walsh det. M.S.Strother 1993", could not have been among the specimens seen by Baly prior to 1863 because Clark received the specimen from E. W. Janson, who bought La Ferté's collection in 1864 (Horn &amp; Kahle 1935 –37). For this reason, this specimen is here excluded from Baly's syntype series.</p> <p>A male bearing the labels, "N. Amer. / Fidia not desc: Lec occurs on grape vines Walsh [handwritten, folded] / Fidia viticida Walsh [handwritten] / 67⋅ 56", is problematic. In answering correspondence from a viticulturist in Kentucky, Walsh (1866) mentioned an undescribed species of Fidia attacking grape in Illinois. Walsh did not introduce the name, Fidia viticida, until 1867. Therefore, the label above and the identification label, " Fidia viticida Walsh ", could not have been placed on the specimen until after 1866 and 1867, respectively. The origin of these labels is not known, and their presence, in the absence of further evidence, does not preclude the possibility that the specimen was in Clark's collection before 1863 and that the labels were added at a later date. This scenario is highly unlikely, however, and the specimen is here excluded from Baly's syntype series.</p> <p>The two remaining specimens from the Clark collection are females and bear the following labels, " E. Coll: Chevt. / 67⋅ 56 / PARALECTOTYPE Fidia lurida Baly design. M. S. Strother 1993 [yellow]" and "67⋅ 56", respectively. Baly stated in his introduction that Clark's collection included specimens from Chevrolat's collection, and the female bearing the Chevrolat label is here taken as a paralectotype. As for the specimen bearing only the Clark accession label, it lacks sufficient data to determine whether it was before Baly, and it is here excluded from the syntype series.</p> <p>Fidia viticida Walsh 1867a: 87,88 (original description); Henshaw 1885: 108 (checklist); Horn 1892: 198 (faunal treatment and key); Schaeffer 1904: 228 (key); Blatchley 1910: 1143 (faunal treatment); Clavareau 1914: 77 (catalog); Leng 1920: 293 (catalog); Wilcox 1954: 402 (faunal treatment); Schultz 1970: 250 (dissertation); Balsbaugh &amp; Hays 1972: 73 (faunal treatment); Rouse &amp; Medvedev 1972: 79 (faunal treatment); Wilcox 1975: 57 (checklist); Riley &amp; Enns 1979: 65 (faunal treatment); Downie &amp; Arnett 1996: 1334 (key); Riley et al. 2003: 152 (catalog); Clark et al. 2004: 103 (host plants); Ciegler 2007: 169 (faunal treatment).</p> <p>According to Henshaw (1890: 373) and Horn &amp; Kahle (1935 –1937), the Walsh collection was destroyed in the great Chicago fire of October, 1871. However, Henshaw stated that several of Walsh's types were sent to Drs. Hagen and Riley and were subsequently placed in the MCZC and USNM, respectively. On page 374 of his index, Henshaw placed a double asterisk by the name Fidia viticida, denoting that the type had been placed in the USNM. The USNM type catalog for the Chrysomelidae does not list F. viticida, and no specimen of F. viticida was found in the type collection (R. E. White pers. comm.). It is assumed that Walsh's type is lost or was destroyed in the Chicago fire. Schultz (1970) reached the same conclusion, but did not mention Henshaw's claim that the specimen had been placed in the USNM. Schultz designated a neotype from Hocking Co., Ohio and deposited it in the OSUC, but did not validly publish this designation. Because the neotype chosen by Schultz did not come from the type locality of Kentucky given by Walsh, it was not considered as a possibility for neotype designation in this study.</p> <p>The distributions of F. viticida and F. confusa overlap in Kentucky, and the possibility exists that Walsh actually had specimens of F. confusa before him when he described F. viticida. Because the two species cannot be distinguished by the characters given by Walsh, and both species attack grape, there is no way to determine which species Walsh actually described. Much confusion has surrounded the identity of these two taxa, and designation of a neotype is deemed necessary to stabilize the application of the name F. viticida.</p> <p>Neotype (♂, INHS): " Christian Co. KY. VI-15-1960 J. M. Campbell [date handwritten] / ILLINOIS NAT. HIST. SURVEY / NEOTYPE Fidia viticida Walsh design. M.S.Strother 1993 [red]", (Strother 2003). The specimen is glued on a point and is in good condition, with all appendages intact and a hole in the right elytron from the original pin. The abdomen and aedeagus are glued on a point pinned beneath the specimen.</p> <p>Fidia lurida Lefèvre 1885: 76 (nec Baly 1863: 153) (original description); Horn 1892: 199 (faunal treatment, synonymized with F. viticida Walsh). Lectotype ♀ (MNHN): "Amér. bor. [handwritten] / Type [handwritten] / Ex-Musaeo LEFÈVRE 1894 / TYPE [red] / MUSEUM PARIS Coll. Oberthur Lefèvre [pale blue, last three words handwritten] / Fidia lurida E. Lef. [handwritten] / LECTOTYPE Fidia lurida Lefèvre design. M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is in good condition, pinned through right elytron with elytra slightly parted. The left prothoracic leg and metatarsomeres 4 and 5 are missing. Three other specimens in the MNHN are here designated as Paralectotypes. Their label data are as follows: 2♀♀, "Amér. bor. [handwritten] / Ex-Musaeo LEFÈVRE 1894 / TYPE [red] / PARALEC- TOTYPE Fidia lurida Lefèvre design. M. S. Strother 1993 [yellow]" and 1♀, "Amér. bor. [green, handwritten] / Fidia lurida E. Lef. [handwritten] / Ex-Musaeo Mniszech / TYPE [red] / PARALECTOTYPE Fidia lurida Lefèvre design. M. S. Strother 1993 [yellow]".</p> <p>Fidia vitocida: Bechyné 1950: 288 (misspelling).</p> <p>Description. Males: TL = 5.08–6.44 mm, HW = 2.28–2.88 mm. Females: TL = 5.64–6.96 mm, HW = 2.72– 3.28 mm. Description as for F. confusa with the following exceptions: female with last abdominal sternum lacking medial fovea; male with probasitarsus narrowly elongate, tapered towards base; Penis: In posterior view, sides subparallel to slightly tapered towards apex, slightly widened at base of apical lobes; apical emargination semicircular, approximately as deep as wide; apical lobes subtriangular with acutely rounded apices. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part convex; euventral surface concave, distally tapering to pointed, euventrally directed apex. Sperm guide composed of lower sclerite only. Spermatheca: Basal arm type.</p> <p>MAP 1. Distribution of F. viticida (open triangle, state record only).</p> <p>Diagnosis. Large (5.08–6.96 mm.); uniformly pale orange-brown to castaneous with white to straw-yellow pubescence; pronotum finely punctate-reticulate. Males with probasitarsus distinctly, evenly tapered towards base (Fig. 56); apical emargination of penis semicircular, approximately as deep as wide (Fig. 99); apical lobes subtriangular. Females lacking small medial fovea on last abdominal sternum.</p> <p>Characters for distinguishing F. viticida from the similar species, F. confusa and F. texana, are given in the diagnosis under F. confusa.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 1). Fidia viticida occurs throughout eastern North America from southern Ontario to the Gulf Coast, west to approximately the 100th meridian (although a few specimens were collected in Colorado and Utah). Specimens were collected at elevations ranging from sea level to approximately 808 m in Sheridan Co., Kansas.</p> <p>Specimens examined (1625). CANADA. ONTARIO: Essex Co., Amherstburg, vi:81 (OSUC:1), Pelee I., viii:23 (OSUC:1), Wheatley, vi: 1967 (FSCA:1), Windsor, vi:8:1972 (CNCI:1); Kenora Co., Ojibway, vii:1:1943 (CNCI:1), vii:8:1943 (CNCI:4), viii:1:1943 (CNCI:1); Kent Co., Chatham, vi:29:50 (CNCI:1), Jeanettes Creek, vii:10:1964 (FSCA:1), Rondeau Park, viii:29:1975 (CNCI:1); County not determined, Tilbury, vii:25:1967 (CNCI:1).</p> <p>GUATEMALA: No locality, vi:27:90 (FMNH:2) [mislabeled specimens; locality not plotted on distribution map].</p> <p>MAP 2. Distribution of F. cana (squares), F. confusa (triangles, open triangle state record only), F. texana (circles).</p> <p>UNITED STATES. ALABAMA: Clay Co., Skyway Motorway, Talladaga Nat. For., v:28:1989 (RHT:1); Cleburne Co., 5.7 mi. W Cheaha St. Pk., vi:21:1987 (RHT:1); Elmore Co., hwy. 231, 6.2 mi. S jct. hwy. 14, vi:4:1989 (RHT:6); Henry Co., 3.2 mi. N. of Hwy 431 on Hwy 173, v:31:1992 (MSS:1); Houston Co., 3.8 mi. N. of the state line on Hwy 109, v:31:1992 (MSS:1), at the jct. of Hwy 231 and 109, v:31:1992 (MSS:5); Lee Co., Farm Ponds, vii:3:1965 (AUEM:1), Meadows Hill, vi:14:1963 (AUEM:1); Macon Co.,. 6 mi. S.W. of US 80 &amp; 29, viii:20:1964 (AUEM:1), Rt. 81, 1 mi. N of jct. with Rt. 199, vii:17:1965 (AUEM:2); Mobile Co., Mobile, vi:14:1960 (FSCA:1); Montgomery Co., county only, vii:2:1964 (AUEM:1); Russell Co., 5.1 mi. S. of Lee Co. line on Hwy 51, v:31:1992 (MSS:7). ARKANSAS: Conway Co., county only, vi:15:1959 (UADE:1), vi:17:1959 (UADE:1); Crawford Co., county only, vi:20:1969 (UADE:1), Crittenden Co., Miss. River, vii:18:1976 (JEWC:1); Desha Co., county only, vi:14:1971 (UADE:1), vii:9:1971 (UADE:1); Mississippi Co., county only, vii:2:1971 (UADE:1); Phillips Co., county only, vi:11:1973 (UADE:1); County not determined: South West Ark, no date (AMNH:3); Barachias, vi:10:1924 (CSUC:1). COLORADO: Douglas Co., Larkspur, viii:3:1932 (LACM:1); State only, no date (MCZC:5). CONNECTICUT: Hartford Co., Hartford, 1931 (MCZC:1). DELAWARE: New Castle Co., Newark, vii:25:1907 (INHS:1), Wilmington, vii:17:75 (AUEM:1), County not determined: Water Gap, vi:12 (AMNH:1). DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington, vi:14:03 (USNM:1), vi:28:06 (USNM:1), vi:25:22 (USNM:1), vii:21 (USNM:1), viii (USNM:1), viii:2:95 (USNM:1), no date (USNM:5), District only, no date (DEFW:1). FLORIDA: Gadsen Co., 6 mi. N</p> <p>MAP 3. Distribution of F. convexicollis (squares), F. longipes (circles, open circle state record only), F. rileyorum (triangles).</p> <p>Quincy; C-161, Willacoochee Cr., v:25:1988 (FAMU:4), vi:23:1988 (FAMU:1), Little River; US 90 4.5 mi. E Quincy, v:25:1988 (FAMU:1), county only, vii:12:54 (FSCA:1); Jackson Co., FL Caverns St. Pk., v:19:1985 (EGRC:1), county only, viii:1:56 (FSCA:1); Leon Co., Tallahassee, v:13:1986 (FAMU:2), v:20:1986 (FAMU:1); Marion Co., county only, vi:7:55 (FSCA:2). GEORGIA: Baker Co., 10.3 mi. N.W. of Hwy 253 on Hwy 91, v:25:1992 (MSS:22), cypress swamp on S-1930; 5.1 mi. NNW Newton, v:23:1975 (FSCA:1, JEWC:1, RHT:2); Bibb Co., Lizella, v:18:39 (UGCA:1); Chatham Co., Savannah, no date (CUIC:1); Decatur Co., Attapulgus; C-241, Attapulgas Cr., vi:23:1988 (FAMU:1); Fulton Co., Atlanta, vii:5:45 (UGCA:1); Johnson Co., 1 mi. E Kite, v:25:1976 (FSCA:3, RHT:2); Richmond Co., Cp. Gordon, Augusta, vii:2:55 (UCDC:1); Thomas Co., 0.4 mi. N Florida border on hwy 19, v:26:1992 (MSS:15), 4.4 mi. W of Hwy 19 on Hwy 84, v:26:1992 (MSS:1). ILLINOIS: Champaign Co., Champaign, vi:15:1942 (INHS:1), Mahomet, vii:4:1942 (INHS:1), Urbana, vi:19:1940 (INHS:1), vii:11:1940 (INHS:1), vii:1:1949 (UAIC:1); Cook Co., Chicago, vii:16:1922 (SEMC:2), no date (FMNH:9), Riverside, vii:14:14 (FMNH:1, MCZC:1, USNM:5); Hardin Co., Cave-in-Rock, vii:7:1944 (INHS:2); Henderson Co., Oquawka, vi:13:1932 (INHS:1); Jo Daviess Co., East Dubuque, vii:3:1946 (INHS:1), Galena, vii:10:1929 (INHS:2); La Salle Co., Ottawa, vi:20:1939 (UAIC:1), Starved Rock SP, vii:1938 (UAIC:1), Utica, no date (UAIC:1), county onlyvii:12:1937 (UAIC:1), vii:25:1939 (UAIC:1); Lake Co., Grayslake, vi:25:1985 (SEMC:2); Madison Co., Collinsville, vi:24:1927 (INHS:5), vi:30:1927 (INHS:24); Mason Co., Havana, vii:11:1948 (INHS:3); McLean Co., Hudson, vii:12: MAP 4. Distribution of F. delilahae (circles), F. pedinops (triangles).</p> <p>1884 (INHS:1), Normal, vii:2:07 (USNM:1), no date (INHS:2); Mercer Co., Keithsburg, vi:8:1932(INHS:1); Ogle Co., Oregon, vii:9:1927 (INHS:1); Peoria Co., Peoria, Dry Run Creek, vii:7:1943 (INHS:4); Pike Co., Pittsfield, vii:5:1946 (UCDC:1), vii:6:1946 (CNCI:1), vii:8:1946 (UCDC:3), vii:9:1946 (UCDC:7), vii:10:1946 (UCDC:1); Putnam Co., SW Corner, vii:29:1959 (INHS:1), county only, vi:24:1932 (INHS:1); St. Clair Co., Kahokia, vi:30:1904 (UMRM:37); Vermillion Co., Oakwood, vi:18:1939 (INHS:11); County not determined: N. Ill., vii (INHS:1), Rocky Branch, Dolson, vi:25:1932 (INHS:1), Salts, vii:10:1926 (INHS:2), Willow Spring, vii:12:22 (CNCI:2); State only, no date (INHS:3). INDIANA: Clark Co., county only, v:30:04 (TAMU:1); Elkhart Co., Millers., 1928 (USNM:1); Howard Co., NW Howard Co., viii:17:1983 (LSUC:1), viii:18:1983 (LSUC:1), viii:24:1984 (LSUC:2), viii:13:1985 (LSUC:1), viii:16:1985 (LSUC:1), NW Howard County, vii:15–21:1987 (LSUC:1); Jasper Co., Jasper-Pulaski St. Pk., vii:2:1988 (BYUC:1); Johnson Co., county only, vii:10:1929 (PURC:1); Knox Co., county only, vii:2:03 (PURC:1); Lagrange Co., 2 mi NW Wolcottville, viii:14:1983 (LSUC:1), county only, vii:17:1958 (PURC:1), vii:25:1958 (PURC:1); Lake Co., Hessville, vi:30:1917 (CASC:2); Marion Co., Indianapolis, vi:1:1962 (FSCA:1), W.S.B., vii:20:15 (PURC:1); Noble Co., Sylvan Lake, vi–vii:30-3:1984 (LSUC:4); Posey Co., Mt. Vernon, vi:5:1965 (FSCA:2); Putnam Co., county only, no date (BMNH:2); St. Joseph Co., South Bend, vii:7:1962 (AMNH:4); Steuben Co., county only, viii:11:1921 (CUIC:3); Tippecanoe Co., 7 m. NW Lafayette, vii:4:1983 (JEWC:5), Lafayette, vii:8:1926 (PURC:3), vii:16:1956 (AJG:4), vii:11:1983 (FSCA:1), vii:16:1983 (FSCA:1), vi:17:1988 (FSCA:3), vii:22:1988 (FSCA:1), McCormick Woods, viii:10:1981 (JEWC:3), Shore of Wildcat River near Ind. 25, vi:20:1979 (PURC:1), Wildcat Creek, vi:21:1984 (FSCA:1), vii:4:1986 (FSCA:1), vii:24:1986 (FSCA:3), MAP 5. Distribution of F. comalensis (squares), F. dicelloposthe (circles), F. humeralis (triangles).</p> <p>county only, vii:13:1932 (PURC:1), vii:4:1952 (AMNH:1), vi:14:1953 (AMNH:1), vi:28:1953 (UAIC:1), vii:3:1953 (USNM:7), vii:9:1955 (UCDC:4), vii:17:1955 (USNM:2), vi:24:1956 (UCDC:3), vi:27:1956 (AMNH:2), vi:30:1956 (USNM:1), vii:7:1956 (USNM:1), vii:2:1977 (AMNH:2), vii:7:1982 (FSCA:1), vii:8:1982 (FSCA:1), vii:9:1982 (FSCA:3), vii:5:1987 (FSCA:6), vi:17:1988 (FSCA:2), vii:22:1988 (FSCA:5); Vermillion Co., county only, vi:21:03 (PURC:2), viii:17:21 (CUIC:1); Warren Co., county only, vii:28:03 (PURC:1), vii:12:1983 (FSCA:1); County not determined: Henryville, v:25:1963 (FSCA:1); State only, no date (NDSU:2). IOWA: Calhoun Co., Lake City, vi:10:55 (NDSU:1); Clayton Co., Backbone St. Pk., viii:4:1973 (EGRC:3), McGregor, vi:30:14 (USNM:1), Strawberry Point viii:4:1973 (EGRC:1); County 77, county only, vii:3:1939 (AMNH:1); Decatur Co., Leon, vii:20:1961 (TAMU:1); Des Moines Co., Burlngtn, no date (MCZC:2); Dubuque Co., Dubuque, vi:29:1914 (USNM:1); Fayette Co., Clermont, vi:18:1929 (TAMU:1); Guthrie Co., Casey, viii:4:1991 (BYUC:1); Humboldt Co., Dakota City, vi:13:55 (NDSU:3); Johnson Co., Iowa City, vi:11 (USNM:1), vi:13:11 (USNM:3), vii:8 (USNM:1), vii:19 (USNM:1), vii:21 (USNM:1), vii:22 (USNM:1), x:1:17 (LSUC:1), no date (AMNH:1, UAIC:1, USNM:3), county only, vi:17:1927 (SEMC:1); Lee Co., Ft Madison, no date (FMNH:1); Mahaska Co., New Sharon, viii:10:32 (TAMU:1, USNM:1); Page Co., Shenandoah, vii:15:1929 (TAMU:1); Polk Co., Des Moines, vi:9:1911 (USNM:2), Johnston, Saylorville Lake, vii:9:1983 (JEWC:1), W. Saylorville Lk., vi:22:85 (JEWC:2); Pottawattamie Co., Council Blfs., vii:10:1909 (INHS:1); Scott Co., Davenport, v:1897 (UMRM:4), Pleasant Val., vii:5:1928 (CNCI:1); Story Co., Ames, vii:7:13 (USNM:1), vi:9:39 (LSUC:2), viii:6:1952 (CSUC:1); Union Co., Aston, vi:20:56 (NDSU:2); Woodbury Co., Sioux City, vii:1918 (USNM:1), vii:8:19 (DEFW:1), vii:18: MAP 6. Distribution of F. clematis (triangles), F. dichroma (circles), F. spuria (squares).</p> <p>1924 (DEFW:1), vii:8:1926 (DEFW:1), vii:21:1927 (DEFW:1), viii:22:1927 (DEFW:1), vi:26:1928 (DEFW:1), vi:10:1936 (DEFW:1), vi:21:1937 (DEFW:1), vi:27:1937 (DEFW:1), vi:29:1937 (DEFW:2), vi:30:1937 (DEFW:1), vii:8:1937 (DEFW:1), no date (DEFW:6); State only, no date (SEMC:2). KANSAS: Atchison Co., Atchison, vii:4:1957 (FSCA:1), county only, vii:11:24 (SEMC:1); Douglas Co., Baldwin, vi:16:1906 (AMNH:1, FMNH:1, USNM:3), county only, vi (SEMC:2), vii:1:1923 (CNCI:3), no date (CUIC:1, SEMC:5); Marion Co., county only, vi:23:1923 (SEMC:2); Pottawatomie Co., Onaga, xi:22 (CASC:1), county only, no date (UAIC:1); Riley Co., Clearwaters, vi:21 (SEMC:1), county only, vi (SEMC:1, USNM:1), vii:8:1955 (OSUC:1), no date (CUCC:1, UAIC:1); Shawnee Co., Topeka, vi:7 (USNM:1), vii:10 (USNM:1), no date (USNM:1); Sheridan Co., county only, no date (SEMC:1); Sumner Co., Wellington, no date (USNM:1); Wyandotte Co., county only, vi:23:24 (SEMC:2); State only, no date (CUCC:3, FMNH:5, INHS:2, MCZC:4, PURC:4, USNM:1). KENTUCKY: Henderson Co., Henderson, vii:1:23 (LACM:2); Powell Co., Natural Bridge St. Pk., viii:14:60 (FSCA:2); State only, no date (CUCC:1, INHS:2, USNM:1). LOU- ISIANA: Caddo Par., parish only, vi:14:1974 (LSUC:1); Catahoula Par., parish only, v–vi:30-6:1972 (LSUC:1); East Baton Rouge Par., 1.2 mi. S of Central on LA Hwy. 3034, v:28:1982 (LSUC:2), Baton Rouge, vii:24:1923 (LSUC:4), v:26:1981 (LSUC:1), vi:3:82 (EGRC:1), Baton Rouge, LSU Campus, v:22:1985 (LSUC:1), v:26:1985 (LSUC:10), v:27:1985 (LSUC:1), v:31:1985 (LSUC:1), Baton Rouge, Place DuPlantier Apts., v:12:85 (EGRC:11), vi:11:1985 (EGRC:13), parish only, v:25:85 (LSUC:1); Grant Par., parish only, v– vi:30-6:1972 (LSUC:1), vi:13–20:1972 (LSUC:1), vi–vii:27-6:1973 (LSUC:2); Iberville Par., Hwy. 77 10 mi. S Grosse Tete, v:28:1988 (LSUC:1), Sunshine, vi:9:1962 (LSUC:2); Madison Par., Tallulah, vii:2:1924 (USNM:1), vi:1933 (CUIC:4), vi:27:1938 (USNM:1), no date (USNM:1); Ouachita Par., parish only, vi:6:</p> <p>MAP 7. Distribution of F. marraverpa (squares), F. papillata (circles), F. xanthonioides (triangles).</p> <p>1977 (LSUC:1); Plaquemines Par., Belle Chase, v:16:44 (USNM:1); Point Coupee Par., parish only, vi:6:1978 (LSUC:1); Rapides Par., parish only, vi:22–27:1973 (LSUC:1); Red River Par., 5 mi. N Coushatta, vi:27:1987 (EGRC:1); St. Landry Par., Thistlethwaite W.M.A., vi:16:1988 (LSUC:2), parish only, vi:15:1973 (LSUC:1), vi:29:1973 (LSUC:1), vii:10:1973 (LSUC:1), vi:10:1976 (LSUC:1), vi:12:1978 (LSUC:1); St. Martin Par., Atchafalaya Riv. &amp; I-10, vi:13:85 (FSCA:1); St. Tammany Par., 4.2 mi NE Abita Springs; sec. 24, T6; SR12E, vii:7:1983 (LSUC:2), Jct. I-10 &amp; Pearl River, vi:17:1982 (EGRC:1); Tensas Par., parish only, vi:21–29:1972 (LSUC:1), vii:24:1973 (LSUC:1); West Baton Rouge Par., parish only, vii:3:1973 (LSUC:1), vii:10:1973 (LSUC:1); West Feliciana Par., Angola, vi:11:1968 (LSUC:1), Hardwood on Hwy 61, v:16:1992 (MSS:5), parish only, viii:9:1973 (LSUC:1), vii:9:1976 (LSUC:1); Parish not determined: Region of Lake Pontchartrain, ca. 1870–1874 (MUIC:1), no date (MCZC:1). MARYLAND: Baltimore, vii:6:09 (CASC:2), vii:11:09 (LACM:2), vii:15:09 (CASC:8), vii:17:09 (LACM:1), vii:21:09 (CASC:1); Baltimore Co., Sparrows Point, vii:5:32 (USNM:8), vii:5:34 (CASC:22, CMNC:3), vii:5:1934 (UAIC:8); Cecil Co., Conowingo, vi:14:1969 (NCSR:1); Frederick Co., Myersville, vii:2:1970 (NDSU:1); Montgomery Co., Great Falls, vii:12:18 (USNM:1), vii:4:1963 (CASC:2); Prince George’s Co., Beltsville, 1941 (CNCI:2), College Park, iii:20:49 (CMNC:1), Patuxent Ref., Bowie, viii:3:1948 (USNM:1); State only, no date (BMNH:1 NCSR:1, DEFW:8). MICHIGAN: Berrien Co., Herbert, vii:30:1974 (LACM:1); Kalamazoo Co., Gull Lake Bio. Sta., viii:29:1966 (AMNH:1), Macomb Co., 1 mi. E of Romeo, vii:6:1964 (OSUC:2), Fraser, viii:1981 (OSUC:3), Richmond, vii:1969 (OSUC:1), Stony Creek Park, vii:1975 (OSUC:1), vii:27:1977 (OSUC:1); Monroe Co., Monroe, vii:28:12 (UAIC:4); Wayne Co., Grosse Pointe, vii:7:66 (OSUC:1). MINNESOTA: Hennepin Co., MAP 8. Distribution of F. pedestris (squares), F. tibialis (triangles).</p> <p>Minneapolis, vii:23:1927 (NDSU:1), MPLS, U. of M., v:1955 (DEFW:1); Lac Qui Parle Co., Lac Qui Parle St. Pk., vii:11:1974 (DEFW:1), vii:18:1974 (DEFW:7), vii:30:1974 (DEFW:1), viii:6:1974 (DEFW:6), viii:15:1974 (DEFW:3); Ramsey Co., St. Anthony Park, vi:25:1910 (DEFW:2), vii:1 (DEFW:2), St. Paul, vi:28:1931 (DEFW:9), no date (DEFW:1), St. Paul, U. Golf Club, vii:12:1927 (DEFW:1), U. Farm, vii:10:1921 (DEFW:1), U. Farm campus, vii:6:1923 (DEFW:4), Univ. Farm, St. Paul, vii:13:1948 (DEFW:11), county only, vii:7:1923 (DEFW:25); Scott Co., Shakopee, vii:11:12 (DEFW:2). MISSISSIPPI: Bolivar Co., nr. Benoit, vi:23:1983 (MUIC:1), viii:5:1984 (MUIC:3); Forrest Co., Hattiesburg, vi:22:57 (CNCI:1), county only, vi:18:1970 (MUIC:1); George Co., Lucedale, v:28:1930 (CUIC:4); Jasper Co., hwy. 15, 7.9 mi. S jct. hwy. 504, vi:11:1989 (RHT:1); Lauderdale Co., Meridian, vi:13:40 (USNM:4); Oktibbeha Co., 1 mi. NE Adaton, vii:3:1972 (MUIC:1), 17 mi. SW Starkville, vii:15:74 (MUIC:1), 6 mi. S Starkville, vi:25:1970 (MUIC:1), 6 mi. SW Starkville, vii:18–22:1984 (MUIC:1), viii:2:1984 (MUIC:1), viii:5–10:1984 (MUIC:1), 7 mi. ESE Starkville, vii:18:1972 (MUIC:1), vii:24:1972 (MUIC:1), A&amp;M Col., vi:1924 (MUIC:5), Ag. Coll., v:1893 (CSUC:3, MUIC:41, PURC:2, USNM:1), Agr. Col., vi:13:1912 (MUIC:1), vi:10:20 (MUIC:2), Starkville, vi:30:1977 (MUIC:1); Sunflower Co., Indianola, vi:17:21 (MUIC:2); Washington Co., Stoneville, vi:27:29 (MUIC:8); Yalobusha Co., 5 mi SSE Pope, vi:8:1978 (MUIC:1). MIS- SOURI: Boone Co., Ashland, ix:30:1955 (UMRM:1), vii:9:1968 (UMRM:1), C., vi (USNM:4), Columbia, v:26:1922 (UCDC:1, UMRM:1), vi:24:1927 (UMRM:1), vi:10:1944 (UMRM:1), vi:7:1946 (UMRM:1), v:21:1948 (UMRM:1), vi:25–26:54 (CDAE:1), vi:14:1956 (UMRM:2), vi:3:1957 (UMRM:1), vi:24:64 (UMRM:1), vi:21:1974 (EGRC:1), vi:18:1977 (UMRM:1), vi:27:1978 (UMRM:3), vi:5:79 (EGRC:1), no date MAP 9. Mexican distribution of F. albovittata (triangles), F. chapini (squares).</p> <p>MAP 10. Central American distribution of F. albovittata.</p> <p>MAP 11. Distribution of F. costaricensis (circles), F. guatemalensis (triangles, open triangle country record only).</p> <p>(CDAE:1), McBaine, vi:9:1949 (UMRM:1), vi:16:1949 (UMRM:1), county only, vi:19:1969 (UMRM:1), vi:28:1971 (UMRM:2); Buchanan Co., St. Joe, vi:18:1932 (CUIC:1); Callaway Co., Fulton, vi:19:1947 (UMRM:1); Gasconde Co., Jct. Crider creek and A, vi:26:74 (EGRC:2); Gentry Co., 6 mi. SE Albany, vii:11:74 (EGRC:1); Holt Co., Mound City, vi:21:1968 (UMRM:1), vii:5:1968 (UMRM:3), vii:20:1968 (UMRM:1), viii:5:1968 (UMRM:1), viii:7:1968 (UMRM:1), viii:16:1968 (UMRM:1), vii:4:1969 (UMRM:1), vii:16:1969 (UMRM:1), vii:18:1969 (UMRM:3), viii:16:1969 (UMRM:1), viii:26:1969 (UMRM:1); Jackson Co., Kansas C., no date (UMRM:2), county only, vii:1955 (TAMU:1); Jefferson Co., Barnhart, viii:5:35 (UMRM:1); Lewis Co., Wakonda St. Pk., vi:27:74 (EGRC:2); New Madrid Co., Portageville, vii:6:1968 (UMRM:1), vii:7:1968 (UMRM:1); Pike Co., Louisiana, vi:12:49 (LACM:3), vii:12:1949 (CSUC:1); Randolph Co., 1 mi. E Moberly, vii:8:1971 (EGRC:1), vii:30:73 (EGRC:1), vi:21:80 (EGRC:1); St. Charles Co., Weldon Springs, vii:14:1968 (UMRM:1), vii:17:1968 (UMRM:1), vii:23:1968 (UMRM:1), viii:6:1968 (UMRM:1); St. Louis Co., St. Louis, vi:16:1900 (CASC:1, USNM:1), vi:25:35 (UMRM:1), vii:11:35 (UMRM:1), vi:19:36 (UMRM:2), vii:2:36 (UMRM:1), vii:6:37 (CUIC:1), viii:8:37 (CUIC:1), no date (CASC:2), county only, vii:8:42 (UMRM:1); State only, no date (BMNH:2, INHS:2, MCZC:1, DEFW:10). NEBRASKA: Douglas Co., Omaha, vii:1907 (INHS:1), Omaha; (Child's Point), vi:8:1902 (INHS:2); State only, no date (MCZC:5). NEW JERSEY: Camden Co., Collingswood, vii:3 (LACM:2); Cape May Co., Wildwood, viii:14 (ANSP:1); Gloucester Co., Wenonah, vii:10:10 (USNM:1), Westville, vii:21:95 (USNM:1); Middlesex Co., N Brnswck,vii:1 (AMNH:1), S. River, vii:17 (AMNH:2); Morris Co., Boonton, vi:6:01 (USNM:1), vii:23:01 (USNM:1), Chester, no date (AMNH:1), Mendham, no date (AMNH:1), Morristown, viii:10:1935 (DEFW:1); Passaic Co., Clifton,vii:2:03 (USNM:1), Passaic Junction, vii:8–30:09 (AMNH:1), Paterson, vii:11 (AMNH:1), Phillipsburg, vii:27:30 (CASC:1); State only, no date (CASC:3, FMNH:5, UAIC:1, UCDC:1, UMRM:3, USNM:1). NEW YORK: Chautauqua Co., Fredonia, vii:12:1905 (UADE:1), viii:11:06 (CUIC:2), Ripley, vii:11:1902 (CSUC:1, LACM:3), vii:13:1902 (LACM:1), vii:14:1902 (CSUC:1, LACM:1), county only, vi:1934 (USNM:5); Columbia Co., Mt. Merino, vii:10:1920 (CUIC:1); Greene Co., New Baltimore, 1879 (AMNH:1); Kings Co., Brooklyn, viii:12:1948 (USNM:1), Brooklyn, L.I., vi:27:02 (USNM:1), viii:15:03 (USNM:1); Livingston Co., Mt. Morris, viii:3:1971 (UMRM:1); Monroe Co., Rochester, viii:18:45 (LACM:1), ix:8:45 (LACM:1), county only, viii:25:53 (CNCI:2); Nassau Co., Glen Cove, iv:27:04 (USNM:5); Onondaga Co., Bridgeport, vii:20:13 (USNM:1); Ontario Co., Canandaigua, viii:28:53 (CNCI:1); Orange Co., New Windsor, no date (USNM:1); Queens Co., Flushing, vii:22:18 (AMNH:1); Richmond Co., S.I., no date (UAIC:2), Staten Isl., no date (CUIC:1); Rockland Co., Nyack, vii:2:1884 (AMNH:1); Suffolk Co., Cld. Spg. Harbor, vii:20:1900 (AMNH:1), Kings Park, vii:24:20 (AMNH:1), vii:27:1921 (AMNH:2), vii:27:1924 (AMNH:1); Tomkins Co., Ithaca vicinity, vi:22:1984 (CUIC:6), Ludlowville, vii:16:1975 (CUIC:1), viii:8:1976 (CUIC:1); Westchester Co., Mosholu, no date (AMNH:2), Yonkers, vi:22:1938 (CUIC:1); County not determined: Aqueduct, L.I., vii:30:11 (USNM:1), N.Y. City &amp; vcty., no date (USNM:1), New York, 1940 (UADE:11); State only, no date (CASC:1, LACM:3). NORTH CAROLINA: Cleveland Co., county only, vi:7–19:1970 (TAMU:1); Columbus Co., Whiteville, vii:2:1954 (NCSR:2); Johnston Co., nr Clayton; Poole Vineyard, vi:8:1978 (NCSR:1), v:28:1979 (NCSR:1), vi:13:1979 (NCSR:1), vi:30:1979 (NCSR:1), vii:21:1979 (NCSR:3); Moore Co., near West End; Auman Vineyard, vi:5:1979 (NCSR:6), nr West End; Auman Vineyard, vi:15:1978 (NCSR:1), v:29:1979 (NCSR:1), vii:12:1979 (NCSR:1); Wake Co., Raleigh, viii:10:1988 (NCSR:2), vi:24:97 (USNM:1); State only, no date (MCZC:1). OHIO: Adams Co., Blue Creek, viii:26:1937 (UGCA:1); Ashtabula Co., Geneva, vii:12:23 (OSUC:1), no date (OSUC:1); Athens Co., Athens, vii:28:37 (UGCA:1), vi:26:39 (UGCA:1), vii:6:39 (UGCA:1), vii:9:39 (UGCA:1); Auglaize Co., St. Marys, no date (FMNH:1); Clinton Co., county only, vii:15:61 (FSCA:1); Cuyahoga Co., Euclid, vi:30:99 (OSUC:1); Delaware Co., Delaware, vi:30:1947 (CASC:13); Erie Co., Sandusky, vii:17 (UCEC:1), vii:47 (USNM:13); Franklin Co., Columbus, vii:31:14 (DEFW:4), x:10:14 (DEFW:1), vi:23:21 (FSCA:2), vii:6:1923 (OSUC:1), vii:9:24 (CDAE:1), 1924 (CUCC:2), vii:14:47 (CDAE:1), vi:25:1984 (BYUC:1), Columbus, Linden, vii:14:1984 (BYUC:1), Columbus, Mock Park, vii:14:1984 (BYUC:1), Mifflin Township near Mock Park, vii:18:1985 (BYUC:1), county only, vi:21:42 (CDAE:6); Hamilton Co., Cin., no date (ANSP:3); Hancock Co., Van Buren St. Pk., vii:4:1985 (BYUC:1), county only, vi:5:58 (FSCA:1), vii:4:61 (FSCA:1), vii:1961 (FSCA:1); Knox Co., county only, vii:14:1941 (FSCA:2), vi:10:1944 (FSCA:1); Licking Co., county only, vi:30:34 (OSUC:1); Lorain Co., Amherst, vii:1933 (TAMU:4), vii–viii:1958 (TAMU:1), county only, viii:31:41 (CDAE:1); Montgomery Co., Dayton, vii:1:1905 (MCZC:1); Ottawa Co., Gypsum, vii:11:12 (OSUC:1), vii:21:12 (OSUC:1), Put-in-Bay, vii:16:62 (OSUC:1), S. Bass Island, vii:7:1983 (CUIC:1), S. Bass Island, Put-in-Bay, vii:14:1977 (CUIC:1); Summit Co., county only, ix:1:1937 (SEMC:1); Vinton Co., Lake Hope, vii:12:1987 (BYUC:1). OKLA- HOMA: Caddo Co., Hinton, vii:25:1937 (OSEC:1); Major Co., Cleo Springs, vi:5:1937 (OSEC:3); Marshal Co., Lake Texoma 2 mi. E Willis, vii:1965 (UCDC:2), near Willis, vi:1965 (UCDC:1); Woodward Co., Woodward, no date (USNM:2). PENNSYLVANIA: Berks Co., Reading, vii:23:96 (FMNH:4); Bucks Co., Washington's Crossing, vii:25:1970 (UAIC:1); Dauphin Co., Harrisburg, vi:25:1930 (LACM:1), vi:20:1938 (NDSU:1), vii:14 (INHS:2), vii:25:1940 (NDSU:1); Delaware Co., Chadds Ford, vi:15:1988 (MCZC:1), Lansdowne, v:10:1936 (UAIC:1), Swarthmore, vi:13 (OSUC:1), vi:28 (ANSP:2); Erie Co., Erie, vii:1:34 (SEMC:1); Luzerne Co., Wyoming, vii:4:1904 (USNM:2); Montgomery Co., Abington, vii (MCZC:2), Mt. Airy, vii (MCZC:1); Northampton Co., Easton, vi:26:10 (CASC:1); Philadelphia Co., Frankford, viii:2 (USNM:2), Philadelphia, vii:8:97 (USNM:1), vii:9:97 (USNM:1), West Park, vii:9 (MCZC:1), no date (OSUC:2); County not determined: Fairbrook, vii:14:60 (NDSU:1), Germant'n, vii:10 (ANSP:1), North East Pa., vi:30:06 (USNM:2), vii:17:07 (USNM:1), vii:08 (USNM:1), vii:9:15 (UADE:2), vii:3:18 (MCZC:1); State only, no date (AMNH:1, MCZC:1, UAIC:2). SOUTH CAROLINA: Berkeley Co., Pineville, vi:30:1961 (NDSU:1); Charleston Co., 1 mi. W McClellanville, vi:2:1973 (FSCA:1); Dorchester Co., Summerville, v:25:1954 (NDSU:1); Greenville Co., Greenville, vii:5:1987 (TAMU:1), Horry Co., Myrtle Beach, vii:3:1954 (NDSU:1); Pickens Co., Clemson College, vi:3:1933 (CUCC:1). SOUTH DAKOTA: Gregory Co., Ft. Randall Dam, vii:1:1968 (NDSU:1). TENNESSEE: Anderson Co., Oak Ridge, no date (CDAE:1); Lake Co., Reelfoot Lake, viii:26:1938 (UGCA:1). TEXAS: Anderson Co., county only, vii:4:1960 (TAMU:1); Austin Co., New Ulm, v:16:91 (USNM:2); Brazos Co., 1.5 mi. W Bryan, vi:14–18:1982 (FSCA:1), Bryan, vi:15:88 (EGRC:1), v:28:1989 (AJG:32, TAMU:28), vi:2:89 (EGRC:7), College Station, vi:24:1931 (TAMU:1), v:26:1932 (TAMU:1), vi:1972 (TAMU:1), vii:20:1979 (TAMU:1), v:23:89 (EGRC:1), v:28:89 (EGRC:3), vi:1:1989 (TAMU:7), vi:17:1989 (TAMU:1), vi:18:1989 (EGRC:1), vi:19:89 (EGRC:1), near College Station, TAMU Range Sci. Area, vii:2–9:1978 (TAMU:1); Brooks Co., 5.1 mi. S Rachal, v:31:1981 (EGRC:1); Burleson Co., Lake Sommerville St. Pk. (north shore), vi:2:89 (EGRC:7), county only, vi:3:1955 (TAMU:2); Burnet Co., Inks Lake St. Pk., v:21:1989 (EGRC:45), v:25:1992 (MSS:14); Colorado Co., Columbus, no date (USNM:1); Dallas Co., Dallas, no date (MCZC:4); Fort Bend Co., Missouri City, v:29:77 (EGRC:5), v:31:77 (EGRC:1); Gillespie Co., county only, vi:23:40 (OSUC:1); Grimes Co., 11 mi. E Navasota, vi:14:1986 (JEWC:2); Harris Co., Houston, vi:18:1971 (FSCA:1); Leon Co., [county only], vi:2:58 (OSUC:1); Liberty Co., Dayton vi:22:17 (CUIC:1); Matagorda Co., 2 mi se Blessing, 29:v:1988 (BPBM:1); Montgomery Co., 5 mi. W Conroe near San Jacinto River, v:29:1965 (TAMU:1); Rusk Co., county only, vi:8:49 (OSUC:1); San Augustine Co., 8km. S Pineland, vi:23:1989 (TAMU:3); Tarrant Co., Ft. Worth Nature Center, vi:24:1989 (EGRC:4); Travis Co., Austin-BFL, vi:12:1986 (TAMU:5), vi:13:1986 (TAMU:2), vi:18:1986 (TAMU:5), vi:19:1986 (TAMU:3), vi:20:1986 (TAMU:1), vi:22:1986 (TAMU:1), vi:25:1986 (TAMU:3), vii:8:1986 (TAMU:1); Victoria Co., 9 m. NE Victoria, v:17:1979 (EGRC:1); Walker Co., Ellis Prison, vii:11:1977 (TAMU:1); County not determined: Belfrage, no date (MCZC:1); State only, no date (ANSP:2, INHS:2, MCZC:9). UTAH: State only, no date (ANSP:1, MCZC:2). VIRGINIA: Albemarle Co., Charlottesville, vi:13:42 (USNM:1), county only, no date (UMRM:2); Alexandria Co., Rosslyn, no date (UDNM:3); Botetourt Co., Craig Creek Rec. Area, near Oriskany, vi:14:1991 (EGRC:1); Fairfax Co., Great Falls, vi:25:12 (USNM:1), vi:16:15 (USNM:1), Vienna, vi:11:11 (USNM:1), vi:22:1912 (UCEC:1), vi:22:12 (USNM:11), vii:22:13 (USNM:1), vi:30:42 (USNM:1), vi:23:43 (USNM:8); Fauquier Co., county only, vii:6:1940 (USNM:1), King George Co., Fredericksburg, vi:19:04 (USNM:7), vii:19:89 (USNM:1); Loudoun Co., Bluemont, vi:28:1914 (USNM:1); Nelson Co., county only, vii:18:1906 (AMNH:1), vii:2:1913 (USNM:1); Shenandoah Co., New Market, vi:13:1986 (BYUC:2); State only, Falls Church, v:5 (MCZC:1), vi:14 (MCZC:1). WEST VIRGINIA: Braxton Co., Burnsville Lake, vii:16:1991 (BYUC:1); Jackson Co., Cottageville, vi:27:1989 (BYUC:1); Jefferson Co., Site 371, vii:8:1986 (BYUC:1); Kanawha Co., Charleston, viii:21:1986 (BYUC:1), Guthrie, vii:16:1989 (BYUC:1), vii:22:1989 (BYUC:1), viii:5:1989 (BYUC:2), vii:21:1990 (BYUC:1), vii:27:1990 (BYUC:2), St. Albans, vii:10:1990 (BYUC:1). WISCONSIN: Dane Co., Madison, vi:14:1965 (UMRM:2); State only, vii (NDSU:1). NORTH AMERICA ONLY: Amer. bor., no date (FMNH:12, BMNH:2), N. Amer., no date (BMNH:1). No locality, vii:16:1894 (USNM;3), no date (AMNH:1, ANSP:1, BMNH:1, CUCC:1, INHS:11, MCZC:2, SEMC:1, TAMU:1, DEFW:3, USNM:4).</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 20 March to 10 October.</p> <p>Natural History. Fidia viticida has been taken on many members of the Vitaceae (Ampelopsis arborea (L.), A. cordata Michx., Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.), and numerous Vitis spp.) and is a well known pest of vineyards in the grape growing regions of the eastern United States. Additionally, specimens have been taken in alfalfa, corn, cotton, "English Ivy", hibiscus, "multiflora rose", and soybean, but no evidence indicates that these represent true host records. Specimens have also been taken at lights and in Malaise, Leggett, and boll weevil sex attractant traps.</p> <p>Taxonomic History. Sturm (1826) applied the name Colaspis flavescens to this species in the catalog of his insect collection. He provided neither a description nor an indication for this species, and the name is a nomen nudum. Dejean (1836) introduced the name Fidia, and listed F. lurida and F. murina as the two species comprising the genus. Dejean did not provide a description nor an indication for either taxa, and F. lurida Dejean is a nomen nudum. Sturm (1843) synonymized C. flavescens with Dejean's F. lurida, evidently believing that the latter was a valid name.</p> <p>Baly (1863) gave the first description of Fidia and listed F. lurida as the type species. As stated previously in the taxonomic history under the generic treatment, Baly's generic description made F. lurida available, and authorship of this name is attributed to him even though he attributed the name to Dejean. Baly stated that he knew of two species of Fidia, one from the United States and the other from Mexico, but he did not provide names for them. Because he designated F. lurida as the type species of the genus, it clearly represented one of the two species he knew. Further, because Dejean (1836) gave "Amer. bor." as the locality of F. lurida, it can safely be assumed that the U.S. species referred to by Baly is F. lurida. It should be noted here that Baly made no mention of F. murina, which Dejean also listed from North America. With regards to the Mexican species, it is possible that Baly was referring to F. albovittata Lefèvre, because a single female specimen in the BMNH bears the "67⋅ 56" label denoting its inclusion in the Clark collection. This, however, is of no nomenclatural significance because Baly did not provide a name for the Mexican species.</p> <p>Walsh (1867a) described this species as Fidia viticida. Lefèvre (1885), not realizing that Baly had already made F. lurida available, described the species as new under the name F. lurida. Horn (1892) synonymized Lefèvre's F. lurida with F. viticida.</p> <p>Although F. lurida Baly is the valid name of this taxon according to the Principle of Priority (Art. 23.1, ICZN 1999), no subsequent author has recognized it as such. Fidia viticida has been used by all subsequent authors, with the exception of Lefèvre (1885), as the valid name for this taxon. This case meets both conditions of Article 23.9.1 (ICZN 1999) necessary for the suppression of an unused senior synonym: 1) the senior name has not been used as a valid name after 1899 and 2) the junior name has been applied to the taxon, as its presumably valid name, by at least ten different authors in at least 25 publications during the same period.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFE57438A1C3791E0F15DAD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FFF7743BA1C37E2609BCDCC9.text	039887A6FFF7743BA1C37E2609BCDCC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia xanthonioides Strother & Staines 2008	<div><p>Fidia xanthonioides Strother, New Species</p> <p>(Figs. 24, 40, 70, 74, 87, 105–106; Map 7)</p> <p>Holotype ♂ (EGRC deposited in MCZC): " MEX: Mich., 4 mi. W. Patzcuaro, 7400' VIII-14-82: C.W. &amp; L. O'Brien &amp; G. Wibmer / Not in MCZC [handwritten] MCZC-B, E.G. Riley, '87 / HOLOTYPE Fidia xanthonioides M.S.Strother 1993 [red]". The specimen is missing the entire abdomen but is otherwise in excellent condition. It is glued on a point with the penis and associated sclerites preserved in glycerin in a microvial pinned beneath the specimen. Paratypes (2♀♀, TAMU): " MEX: Jal. 24.8km. S.W. Ciudad Guzman, 2286m 2.viii.88, R.S. Anderson pine-oak for. 88–21 / PARATYPE Fidia xanthonioides M.S.Strother 1993 [yellow]" and " MEXICO: Oaxaca 2 miles north San Jose Pacifico July 20, 1974 Clark, Murray, Ashe, Schaffner / PARATYPE Fidia xanthonioides M.S.Strother 1993 [yellow]". Both are in excellent condition with the dissected abdomens and genitalia preserved in glycerin in microvials pinned beneath each specimen, respectively.</p> <p>Description. Holotype (♂): TL = 3.56 mm, HW = 1.74 mm. Paratypes (♀♀): TL = 4.04–4.12 mm, HW = 2.00– 2.06 mm. Color: Dorsum of male entirely orange-brown, head and pronotum darker than elytra in females; antennae golden-brown to red-brown with apical two or three antennomeres darker brown; lateral aspect of pronotum red-brown in male, red-brown blending to black above procoxae in females; thoracic sterna of both sexes predominantly black with orange-brown to red-brown margins; male abdomen missing; females with first three abdominal sterna almost entirely blackish except for narrow orange-brown posterior margins, dark areas slightly to distinctly reduced on last two sterna, pygidium orange-brown apically, darker basally; femora of males fulvous at base gradually blending to red-brown on anterior surface, slightly darker on posterior surface, femora of females fulvous to red-brown at base abruptly becoming red-brown to dark red-brown on anterior surface, posterior surface polished very dark red-brown to blackish; tibiae and tarsi of both sexes uniformly pale to dark orange-brown; pubescence predominantly whitish to straw-yellow, except for roughly M-shaped area of brownish-black setae on apical 1/3 of elytra and several scattered black setae near intrahumeral calli of female from Jalisco. Pronotum: Length subequal to width, sides moderately arcuate in dorsal view, dorsum feebly convex in lateral view; densely, coarsely punctate; pubescence moderately dense, not obscuring surface sculpture. Mesepisternum: Entirely glabrous. Elytra: Intrahumeral callus moderately to well-developed; sutural area between calli not impressed; disc with shallow but distinct, subcircular postcallosal impression; with poorly defined impression posterolaterad of postcallosal impression, not bordered mesally by low, rounded, oblong carina; apical 1/3 of disc evenly convex dorsally; surface of disc densely punctulate-rugulose to punctulate-reticulate; asetose punctate-striae obsolete on disc, more evident on lateral aspect. Abdomen: Male abdomen missing. Female with ventral surface of all sterna evenly convex, uniformly punctate-pubescent; apical margin of last sternum feebly bisinuate, lacking other structural modifications; pygidium dorsally flattened in apical ½ with sides tapering to subacutely rounded apex, lacking posterolateral angles. Legs: Both sexes with all femora robust, distinctly tapering towards base, widest at middle; metafemur basally distinctly narrowed for less than ½ length. Male with all tibial spurs small, lacking visible surface sculpture; disco-setae on all basitarsi. Penis: In posterior view, sides evenly tapered, more acutely so posteriad ostium, to acutely rounded apex. In lateral view, eudorsal surface of declivitous part distinctly convex; euventral surface concave; distal ½ of declivitous part euventrally feebly bent, distinctly tapered to acute point. Sperm guide composed of upper and lower sclerites; both slender, distinctly Y-shaped. Spermatheca: Female from Jalisco with basal arm type (Fig. 105); similar but distinctly C-shaped in female from Oaxaca, with ventral surface of proximal part strongly protuberant; basal arm not bent at middle (Fig. 85).</p> <p>Etymology. From Xanthonia, a relatively closely related eumolpine genus, and the suffix -oides, meaning like or having the form of; denoting the superficial resemblance of this species to species of the genus Xanthonia.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Small (3.56–4.12 mm); pale orange-brown to red-brown with pubescence predominantly whitish, but with an M-shaped transverse band of brownish-black setae at the apical 1/3 of the elytra (Fig. 24); elytra with two shallow impression posteriad of intrahumeral callus (Fig. 24); metafemur basally distinctly narrowed for less than ½ length (Fig. 40). Male with sides of penis tapered, more acutely so distad of ostium, to acutely rounded apex (Fig. 87). Female with apical margin of last abdominal sternum lacking two rigid papillae (Fig. 70); apical margin of pygidium subacutely rounded without posterolateral angles developed (Fig. 74).</p> <p>Fidia xanthonioides is quite distinctive and not likely to be confused with any other species.</p> <p>Distribution (Map 7). Fidia xanthonioides is known only from the Sierra Madre del Sur in central southern Mexico. Collecting elevations were 2256 m and 2286 m.</p> <p>Temporal Data. Collecting dates ranged from 20 July to 14 August.</p> <p>Natural History. The only habitat data given were "pine-oak for.".</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFF7743BA1C37E2609BCDCC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
039887A6FFF4743AA1C37C2E0988DA71.text	039887A6FFF4743AA1C37C2E0988DA71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidia murina Glover 1868	<div><p>Fidia murina Glover 1868, Nomen Dubium</p> <p>Fidea murina Glover 1868: 71 (original description), (misspelling of generic name).</p> <p>Glover (1868) mentioned a grape pest from Washington (= Washington, D.C. because Fidia does not occur west of the Rocky Mountains) using the name Fidea [sic] murina (Dej.). He stated that this insect had frequently been mistaken for the scarab, Macrodactylus subspinosus (F.), and gave the following contrast, "[F. murina] is smaller, much browner in color, and not such a sprawling, long-legged insect." In addition, he included a small, unlabelled drawing which is clearly a specimen of Fidia. Although it was not his intention, Glover made the name, F. murina, available with his small drawing and brief comparison. Based on the locality of Washington, D.C., Glover's F. murina can only apply to either F. longipes or F. viticida. Neither his drawing nor the characters given in his comparison provides enough information to positively distinguish which of the two species Glover actually described. Unfortunately no type specimens of F. murina Glover exist. Howard (1930: 37) explains Glover's feelings with regards to museum specimens as follows, "One of Glover's unfortunate hobbies was his belief that a picture of an insect is of far more value than a cabinet specimen of the same species. Insects themselves, he always stated, are eaten by museum pests and are otherwise destroyed, but a picture, barring unlikely accidents, will live forever. Convinced of this, he commenced to figure in colour every species he procured, and cared nothing what became of the species after he had fixed their likeness on paper. Systematic and descriptive entomology he cared nothing about, and it was his boast that he had never described and named an insect". Fidia murina Glover must, therefore, be considered a nomen dubium.</p> <p>Article75.5 of the Code (ICZN 1999) states that a neotype should be designated to clarify the application of a name when its continued existence as a nomen dubium threatens the stability of other names. In this case, however, no previous authors have recognized Glover's nomenclatural act, and the existence of F. murina as a nomen dubium does not affect the stability of F. longipes nor F. viticida. Likewise, the status of F. murina Crotch as a junior primary homonym of Glover's name is not affected, because the latter remains the valid senior homonym regardless of the taxon to which it is applied. Therefore, designation of a neotype is not deemed necessary to maintain the stability of any of the names involved.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887A6FFF4743AA1C37C2E0988DA71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Strother, M. S.;Staines, C. L.	Strother, M. S., Staines, C. L. (2008): A revision of the New World genus Fidia Baly 1863 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae: Adoxini). Zootaxa 1798 (1): 1-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1798.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1798.1.1
