taxonID	type	description	language	source
039887A7E558E018FF02A387FC91FA24.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — NEW CALEDONIA. Southern end of plaine des lacs, road le Carénage, elev. 150 m, 20 August 1956, H. S. MacKee 5056 (holotype: P! [P 01760130], isotypes: L [L 1430190] (image seen), K [K 000481266] (image seen )).	en	Morel, Jérémie, Munzinger, Jérôme (2021): Novitates neocaledonicae. XIII. Taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Xyris (Xyridaceae, Poales) in New Caledonia, with description of a new species. Phytotaxa 502 (3): 219-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1
039887A7E558E018FF02A387FC91FA24.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis — Differs from X. pancheri in having junciform and terete leaves (13 – 50 x 0.1 – 0.3 cm) (versus linear and elliptic in cross-section), which peal away and become ribbed at senescence (versus remain entire), staminodes reduced to filaments (versus staminodes developed and densely feathery), presence of palisade parenchyma and collenchyma (versus absence) and a thickening of the medullary parenchyma (versus no thickening) before its disintegration to form a thatch. Perennial herbs, scapose and cespitose, clumps to 30 cm square. Leaves (12.7 –) 23.6 – 36.5 (– 50.4) cm long, spiral, erect, twisted, green, glabrous, sheaths 5.4 – 10 × 0.7 – 1 cm, widely dilated towards the base, dark and glossy brown, smooth, margin brown-hyaline to golden, glabrous, blade junciform, terete, highly variable in length, from 0.3 to 41 cm long × (1 –) 1.8 – 2.1 (– 2.9) mm in diameter. Ligule absent. Peduncle erect, twisted, elliptic in cross-section, smooth, green, glabrous, (26.4 –) 30.6 – 53.6 (– 83.4) cm long, (1.5 –) 1.7 – 2.1 (– 3.5) mm in diameter. Leaves and peduncles brownish at senescence, then peel away (corresponding to epiderm, palissade parenchyma and collenchyma) and become ribbed (corresponding to prominence of vascular bundles). Spikes (8.3 –) 14.2 – 18.1 (– 41) × (5.6 –) 10.7 – 13.6 (– 18) mm, with few flowers, ellipsoid to ovoid. Basal sterile bracts 2 – 3 × 2 mm, ovate, ecarinate, forming a continuum with fertile bracts 10 – 13 × 5.6 – 6.7 mm, yellowish, oblong, slightly curved, bordered by a translucent membranous margin, carinate apically, apex rounded (difficult to see on isolated and dehydrated bracts), glabrous, distinct reddish triangular dorsal region in vivo (absent on herbarium specimens) with some ornaments, each ornament white and circular, (0.3 –) 0.4 – 0.45 (– 0.5) mm in diameter. Flowers with lateral sepals 6.3 – 8.2 × 0.9 – 1.1 mm, brown adaxially, included, bordered with translucent yellowish margins, two dark brown dorsal longitudinal lines topped with gradually attenuating brownish trichomes, free, equal and linear. Petals yellow, glabrous, clawed, 14 – 16 mm long, lobes 4.7 – 6.2 × 3.8 – 4 mm, obovate, margins crenate. Androecium yellow, glabrous, anthers linear, 2.3 – 2.7 mm long, pressed against the blades of the petals and barely protrude, filaments adnate along the entire length of the claw, free for 1.4 – 1.7 mm long, staminodes reduced to filaments. Gynoecium yellow, glabrous, style 5 – 5.5 mm long, branches ca. 2.5 mm long, stigma dilated at the apex. Ovary obovoid, glabrous, 2 – 4 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous, brownish, trilocular, axile placentation. Capsule globose, 4.5 × 2 – 3 mm, brown. Seeds ellipsoid, sometimes prismatic, 1 – 1.3 × 0.4 – 0.6 mm, brownish with irregular protuberances. Anatomy: — Anatomically (Fig. 3), the leaves differ from the other two species present in New Caledonia by a strong cutinization inward the epidermal cells, presence of a palisade parenchyma, collenchyma and a progressive thickening of the medullary parenchyma (pith) prior to its disintegration, what create a thatch.	en	Morel, Jérémie, Munzinger, Jérôme (2021): Novitates neocaledonicae. XIII. Taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Xyris (Xyridaceae, Poales) in New Caledonia, with description of a new species. Phytotaxa 502 (3): 219-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1
039887A7E558E018FF02A387FC91FA24.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Ecology: — Xyris desquamatus is restricted to the southern province of New Caledonia, on ultramafic substrates (ironcrust, peridotites, lateritic alluviums or colluviums), over an altitude ranging from 150 to 550 m (Fig. 4). It is present in tufts scattered in open swampy vegetation with Cyperaceae and Juncaceae (MacKee 5056, Brown 92 / 231), very open dry maquis (MacKee 43247), hydromorphic maquis (Dagostini 1343), riparian maquis (Dagostini & Rigault 544) or river bank, amongst gymnosperms and stunted maquis vegetation with epacrids and Acacia (Brown 92 / 210). The population found at the highest altitude (540 - 550 m, Gâteblé et al. 1070 & 1071) was found in a scrubland resembling high altitude maquis (Gâteblé pers. comm.). Photos of the plant in the field seem to show that the stigmas are mature while the stamens are not yet at anthesis, suggesting that the species may be protogynous.	en	Morel, Jérémie, Munzinger, Jérôme (2021): Novitates neocaledonicae. XIII. Taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Xyris (Xyridaceae, Poales) in New Caledonia, with description of a new species. Phytotaxa 502 (3): 219-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1
039887A7E558E018FF02A387FC91FA24.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The epithet desquamatus refers to the peeling of leaves and stipes at senescence.	en	Morel, Jérémie, Munzinger, Jérôme (2021): Novitates neocaledonicae. XIII. Taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Xyris (Xyridaceae, Poales) in New Caledonia, with description of a new species. Phytotaxa 502 (3): 219-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1
039887A7E558E018FF02A387FC91FA24.taxon	discussion	Discussion: — Conert (1965) confused Xyris desquamatus with X. pancheri. These two species coexist in open vegetation environments. Of the 129 specimens studied during the revision of the genus (Morel et al. 2021), only 18 belong to the species X. desquamatus. This species has a terete stipe which distinguishes them from X. neocaledonica. Nevertheless we can differentiate them by distinct leaf forms: jonciform (terete) in the case in X. desquamatus and linear (elliptic in cross-section) in X. pancheri. In addition, only the leaves and stipes of X. desquamatus can peel and become ribbed. Furthermore, the bracts of the spike of X. desquamatus are more rigid with a finer membranous margin and a constant and prominent carina than in X. pancheri. Finally, the flower of X. desquamatus has only staminodes reduced to filaments while the staminodes of X. pancheri are feathery (Fig. 5). It is relevant to note that Guillaumin (1956: 133) rightly identified MacKee 2609 as X. pancheri and indicated MacKee 2365 as a new species (indeed this specimen is X. desquamatus). Conert probably wanted to dedicate this species to Guillaumin but he inverted his identifications and described X. guillauminii for the taxa already described as X. pancheri, and leaving the new species, X. desquamatus, undescribed (Morel et al. 2021). Conservation status: — The plant is known from eleven subpopulations, only one of which is in a protected area: “ La réserve naturelle du Pic du Pin ”, while five of them are included in mining concessions. The calculated EOO is 189 km 2 and the AOO is 48 km 2. According to MacKee 5056 [P 01760130] and MacKee 43247 [P 01766991] 30 years apart (1956 and 1986), X. desquamatus is generally infrequent, sometimes common but in small areas. Some subpopulations may be threatened by bushfires and / or introduced browsers, in addition to mining activity. We assign Xyris desquamatus a preliminary status of Vulnerable (VU B 1 ab (iii, v) + 2 ab (iii, v )). Additional specimens examined (Paratypes): — NEW CALEDONIA. Province Sud: Baie de Prony, Sep 1868, B. Balansa 665 (P 01760139, P 01760140, P 01760141); Chutes de la Madeleine, 22 ° 13 ’ 10 ” S, 166 ° 51 ’ 39 ” S, 7 Nov 1992, Brown 92 / 210 (NSW 262218); Road between Nouméa and Yaté, 8.3 km E of turnoff to Chutes de la Madeleine, 22 ° 10 ’ 03 ” S, 166 ° 54 ’ 00 ” E, 10 Nov 1992, Brown 92 / 231 (NSW 262220); Goro-nickel, Kwé Est [- 22,3064; 166,9221333], 17 Oct 2002, G. Dagostini & F. Rigault 544 (NOU 046841); Rivière des Lacs (La Madeleine) en amont des chutes [- 22,1928016; 166,8732611], 20 Sep 2007, G. Dagostini, F. Rigault, L. Barrabé & W. Nigote 1343 (NOU 023766); Plaine des lacs: Grand Lac [- 22,268464; 166,914619], 15 Sep 1981, P. Endress 6235 (Z- 000175352); Yaté, Sommet du Mont Gouemba, 540 m alt., 22 ° 10 ’ 42.40 ” S, 166 ° 56 ’ 21.69 ” E, 29 Nov 2018, G. Gâteblé, Y. Isagi & Y. Suyama 1070 (MO, MPU, NOU 107278, NOU 107279, NSW, P); Yaté, Sommet du Mont Gouemba, 540 m alt., 22 ° 10 ’ 42.40 ” S, 166 ° 56 ’ 21.69 ” E, 29 Nov 2018, G. Gâteblé, Y. Isagi & Y. Suyama 1071 (MO, MPU, NOU 107280); Pic du Pin [22 ° 14 ’ 49 ’’ S; 166 ° 48 ’ 48 ’’ E], 1 Apr 1951, A. Guillaumin & M. Baumann-Bodenheim 11947 (P 01679382); Open seepage slope bordering the Anna- Madeleine River. Nouméa - Yaté road about 42 km. ENE of Noumea [- 22,1675, 166,8666667], 23 Nov. 1979, Hartley 15055 (CANB 289172.1, NOU 046840); Col de Yaté, 300 m alt. [22 ° 10 ’ 19 ’’ S; 166 ° 54 ’ 15 ’’ E], 1 Mar 1992, H. Koyama & H. Setoguchi 8204 (P 01760146); Plaine des lacs, on road to Le Carenage, 150 m [22 ° 17 ’ 25 ’’ S; 166 ° 50 ’ 5 ’’ E], 8 Apr 1955, H. S. MacKee 2365 (L 1430188); Grand Lac, 250 m [- 22,27277778, 166,9008333], 30 Sept 1984, MacKee 42273 (NOU 046832, NSW, P 01767010); Yaté, 350 m alt. [22 ° 9 ’ 21 ’’ S; 166 ° 53 ’ 48 ’’ E], 31 Aug 1986, H. S. MacKee 43247 (NOU 046835, NSW, P 01766991); Lac en 8 [22 ° 16 ’ 17 ’’ S; 166 ° 52 ’ 35 ’’ E], 13 Oct 1976, P. Morat & B. Suprin 5141 (NOU 046836, P 01766979); Plaine des lacs, [1889], M. Raoul s. n. (P 01760152); Bords du lac Arnaud [22 ° 6 ’ 40 ’’ S; 166 ° 48 ’ 51 ’’ E], 1855 / 1860, E. Vieillard 1410 (P 01766983).	en	Morel, Jérémie, Munzinger, Jérôme (2021): Novitates neocaledonicae. XIII. Taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Xyris (Xyridaceae, Poales) in New Caledonia, with description of a new species. Phytotaxa 502 (3): 219-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1
039887A7E55FE019FF02A3DEFECEFEA5.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — NEW CALEDONIA. Mt. Mon [= Mou], E. Vieillard 1408, (lectotype, designated here: BM [BM 000990765] (image seen); isolectotype: P [P 01766970]!). Nomenclatural remarks: — The protologue of Rendle (1899: 507) indicates “ Hab. New Caledonia. Dry ferruginous soil, 400 metres; Pancher no. 411. Mt. Mon [= Mou]; Vieillard 1408 in herb. Hance no. 17,369 ”, thus implicitly designing a syntype (Turland et al. 2018; Article 40, Note 1). The two collections cited were mounted on the same sheet at BM, where Rendle was working, but clearly identified as distinct, and each having a barcode [BM 000990764, BM 000990765]. Hance has never made a collection in New Caledonia (Morat 2010), so he received collection 1408 from Vieillard, and gave it his own number 17,369. This Vieillard collection [BM 000990765] is in good condition, with flowers and bears the locality of the protologue, and this is selected as the lectotype. Then, it is usual for Pancher and Vieillard to encounter the same label numbers assigned to different gatherings (MacKee and MacKee 1981; Hopkins and Bradford 2009). Six duplicates of Vieillard 1408 were found at P, five collected from “ M’bée mountains ” in 1855 - 1860 [P 01766975, P 01760201, P 01760200, P 01760183, P 0176697] and one from “ Mont Mou ”, 1861 - 1867 [P 01766970]. Therefore, only this latest specimen, whose locality conforms to the protologue, can be considered as an iso-lectotype.	en	Morel, Jérémie, Munzinger, Jérôme (2021): Novitates neocaledonicae. XIII. Taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Xyris (Xyridaceae, Poales) in New Caledonia, with description of a new species. Phytotaxa 502 (3): 219-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1
039887A7E55EE019FF02A75EFA2CFA1F.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — NEW CALEDONIA. sin loc., sin date, Pancher 412 (holotype: BM [BM 000990766] (image seen )). = Xyris guillauminii Conert, Senckenberg. Biol. 46 (2): 185 (- 188; figs.). 1965. syn. nov. Type: — NEW CALEDONIA. Marais Kiki, plaine des lacs. 18 June 1955, H. S. MacKee 2609 (holotype: L [L 1430189] (image seen), isotype: P! [P 01760129]). Nomenclatural remarks: — Rendle (1899) pointed out that he is working on BM collections, and there was a single collection of Pancher 412 in BM (BM 000990766). The protologue indicates “ Damp hollows on dry ferruginous mountains at a height of 150 m ”, what is the exact translation of the information on the label “ trous humides sur les montagnes ferrugineuses arides, alt. 150 m ” seen on BM 000990766. Thus this latest is considered as the single specimen studied by Rendle, and by consequence as the holotype (see McNeill 2014). Outside the British Museum, five collections are annotated as Pancher 412, four in P [P 01760143, P 01760147, P 01760149, P 02209231] and one in S [S 12 - 17386]. None of them bears the same information as the protologue and cannot be considered as isotypes. Finally, a specimen in K [K 000457998] is signalled as type on https: // plants. jstor. org, but the collection is a Pancher s. n. and cannot be considered as type. Conert (1965: 186) designated the L specimen of MacKee 2609 as holotype of X. guillauminii, with a picture of the specimen in the publication. Surprisingly, this collection [L 1430189] was not annotated by Conert, and remained with Guillaumin’s identification, made in 1955, under X. pancheri. An isotype in P was also with Guillaumin’s identification of X. pancheri. As no other specimen was identified as X. guillauminii in L or P, this name was not existing in both databases of these herbaria, while few collections were identified under that name in NOU. Furthermore, based on a previous study (Morel et al. 2021) no morphological nor anatomical characters support the separation between X. guillauminii and X. pancheri. Therefore, we propose the synonymy of X. guillauminii under X. pancheri. Two specimens were identified by P. Phonsena in L as X. operculata Labill. in 2010 (L. 1426037 & L. 1426035), while this species was never reported before in New Caledonia and was considered as endemic to Australia (Conn and Doust 1997). The duplicates in P of these two collections were included in the analysis of Morel et al. (2021) and were identified as X. pancheri. Thus reporting the presence of X. operculata in New Caledonia is considered as a mistake.	en	Morel, Jérémie, Munzinger, Jérôme (2021): Novitates neocaledonicae. XIII. Taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Xyris (Xyridaceae, Poales) in New Caledonia, with description of a new species. Phytotaxa 502 (3): 219-229, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.1
