identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039B1E20FFEA221BFF7FFAF5FCA0FC01.text	039B1E20FFEA221BFF7FFAF5FCA0FC01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acmaeodera natlovei Hansen 2023	<div><p>Acmaeodera natlovei Hansen, new species</p> <p>(Fig. 1a–f)</p> <p>Description. Holotype female: 7.0 mm long, 2.5 mm wide; ground color shiny black above and below; head and pronotum immaculate; elytra with narrow yellow vittae from umbone to subapex, vestiture above and below short and white with setae narrow and flattened in shape.</p> <p>Head. Convex, weakly depressed at middle, front and vertex densely umbilicate-punctate, each puncture with a single white seta; clypeus depressed at base, densely punctate, triangularly emarginate medially; antennae reaching middle of pronotum, serrate from antennomere 5, 5–11 wider than long. Pronotum. Immaculate, about twice as wide as long, widest at middle, clothed with short white setae, sides arcuately rounded, carinate laterally at suture, disc finely punctate, laterally umbilicate-punctate, slight subbasal depression medially and two deeper depressions basolaterally, anterior margin bisinuate, slightly produced medially, posterior margin truncate. Elytra. Elytra with sides subparallel to middle then broadly rounded, tapering to conjointly rounded apices, disc marked with narrow yellow vittae from umbone to subapex, base as wide as posterior edge of pronotum, with deep scutellar depression; subbasal depression adjacent to elytral suture and posterior to umbone; striately punctured, strial punctures separated by less than their diameter on disc, third lateral stria split near basal third after 10 punctures; intervals with single row of fine punctures, each with a single white seta; second lateral interval much wider and inflated posterior to umbone, densely punctate with punctation somewhat confused; costal margin weakly serrate medially becoming stronger toward apex. Venter. Venter clothed in short, white, setae that are flattened in shape; proepisternum projecting less than the length of antennomere 2 past prosternum, punctures large, umbilicate; anterior edge of prosternum straight; prosternal process densely punctate, about two times as wide as diameter of procoxa; mesepisternum, metepisternum and metacoxae coarsely punctate; abdominal ventrites finely, densely punctate with recumbent setae; fifth abdominal ventrite more coarsely punctate apically, lacking raised carina; legs with femoral setae shorter than width of femur; tarsal claw with ungual tooth short and acute.</p> <p>Materials examined. The holotype labeled “TX: Jeff Davis Co., Hwy 17 | 19.4 mi. south of Balmorhea | 30.7649, −103.7595 | Sweeping flwers, 14.v.2020 | JA Hansen &amp; T. Hedlund || HOLOTYPE | Acmaeodera | natlovei | Hansen” [red rectangular label]. Holotype deposited at FMNH. ARIZONA, Gila Co., Tonto Creek., 6.vii.1977, unknown collector, (1♀) [TAMU]; Sierra Ancha Mts., no date, D.K. Duncan, (3♂) [WFBM]; Sierra Ancha Mts., Haigler Creek, 2.vi.1933, Parker, (1) [WFBM]; Maricopa Co., Phoenix, no date, C. Palm, (1♀) [WFBM]; Mohave Co., Hualapai Mt. Park, on Purshia sp. (Rosaceae), 30.vi.1966, R.L. Westcott, (4♀, 5♂) [RLWE]; same locality, 30.vi.1966, E.J. Allen, (2♂, 1♀) [WFBM]; same locality, on Fallugia sp. (Rosaceae), 18.vi.1985, W.F. Barr, (1♀) [WFBM]; Yavapai Co., Prescott, 2 mi. west of Thumb Butte, on Robinia sp. (Fabaceae), 19.vi.1985, W.F. Barr, (2) [WFBM]; Yarnell, elev. 4783’, on Erigeron divergens Torr. &amp; A. Gray (Asteraceae), 1.vi.1966, J.H. Davidson, J.M. Davidson &amp; M.A. Cazier, (1♀) [WFBM]; Prescott National Forest, Big Bug Creek, 3 mi. west of Poland Jct., 30.v.1970, R.L. Westcott, (2♀, 1♂) [RLWE]; 5.7 mi. south of Prescott, elev. 5280’, on Erigeron divergens, 7.vi.1966, J.M. Davidson &amp; M.A. Cazier, (1♀) [WFBM]; same data except on Purshia mexicana (D. Don) Henrickson, (1♀) [RLWE]; Prescott, 18.vi.1976, D. Ahart, (1♂) [TAMU]; NEW MEXICO, Chaves Co., 32.8655, −104.9852, 16.vi.2021, A.J. Schmitz, (9 ♀, 6♂) [AJSC]; Eddy Co., 9.9 mi. southwest of Whites City, 3740’, 12.v.1989, T. Griswold, (1♀) [RLWE]; 5–10 mi. south Carlsbad, 25–27.ix.1990, Androw &amp; Brattain, (1) [TCMC]; 10 mi. south of Carlsbad, ex dead Celtis sp. (Ulmaceae), em. 15.ix.1994, D.J. Heffern, (3♀) [DJHC]; Valencia Co., Chaves City, 12 mi. west of Hope, beating cactus blossom, 11.vi.1983, F.M. Beer, (1) [RLWE]; Paratypes, [yellow rectangular labels], TEXAS, Brewster Co., Big Bend N.P., Chisos Mts., Pine Canyon, 1.vii.1972, R.L. Westcott, (1♀) [TAMU]; Big Bend N.P., Oak Springs, on thistle blossom, 24.vi.1971, G.H. Nelson, (2♀, 1♂) [FSCA]; same data except 25.vi.1971, (1) [FSCA]; same locality, pan trap, 18.vi.1999, S. Droege, (1♀) [TAMU]; Big Bend N.P., north of Rosillos Mts., Buttrill Springs, 22.iii–8.iv.1991, Wharton &amp; Whitefield, (1♀) [TAMU]; Big Bend N.P., on flower, 22.v.2001, D.W. Sundberg, (1♀) [FSCA]; 15 mi. west of Marathon, 26.vi.1994, J.E. Wappes, (1♂) [TAMU]; Big Bend N.P., Chisos Mts., 29.iv.1974, G.V. Manley, (5) [TAMU]; Big Bend N.P., Chisos Mts., 5.v.1974, G.V. Manley, (2♂) [TAMU]; Big Bend N.P., Chisos Mts., Oak Canyon, Window Trail, on small white flower of Erigeron sp., 12.iv.2010, R.L. Westcott, (2♀) [RLWE]; same locality, elev. 4800’, 21.vi.1994, T.C. MacRae, (1) [TCMC]; 20 mi. south of Alpine, 30.1212, −103.5807, 20.v.2021, J.A. Hansen, (1♂) [JAHC]; Crockett Co., Ozona, 21.v.2009, S.G. Wellso, (1♀) [TAMU]; Culberson Co., Guadalupe Mts. N.P., ½ mi. northwest of Pine Springs, on flower of Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl. ex Torr., 29.iv.1972, R.L. Westcott, (1♂) [RLWE]; Jeff Davis Co., 19.4 mi. south of Balmorhea on Hwy. 17, 30.7649, −103.7595, sweeping flowers, 14.v.2020, J.A. Hansen &amp; T.J. Hedlund (159) [JAHC, TJHC, TAMU, FSCA]; Hwy. 17, 30.7648, −103.7393, sweeping roadside, 14.v.2020, J.A. Hansen, (8♀, 6♂) [TAMU]; 7.4 mi. north of Ft. Davis on Hwy. 17, 308113, −103.7576, 18.v.2021, A.J. Schmitz, (2♂) [AJSC]; Ft. Davis, Hwy. 17, 30.6489, −103.8398, 18.v.2021, A.J. Schmitz, (4♀) [AJSC]; Ft. Davis, Hwy. 17, 30.6096, −103.8788, 18.v.2021, A.J. Schmitz, (4♀, 3♂) [AJSC]; 4.7 mi. northeast of Ft. Davis, Hwy. 17, 30.6495, −103.8352, 3.vii.2021, A.J. Schmitz, (1♀) [AJSC]; 25 mi. northeast Ft. Davis, on morning glory flowers, 30.v.1989, W.F. Barr, (2♀, 4♂) [WFBM]; same locality, sweeping grass, 30.v.1989, W.F. Barr, (14♀, 6♂) [WFBM]; no specific location, 12.v.2003, S.G. Wellso, (3♀, 3♂) [TAMU]; Hwy. 118, 30.6045, −103.9038, dug from dead Juglans microcarpa Berl. (Juglandaceae) branch 3 inches in diameter, beetle dead, coll. 13.v.2020, J.A. Hansen, (1♀) [JAHC]; ESPY Ranch, FM-1832, 30.8104, −103.9219, landed on white beat sheet, 14.v.2020, J.A. Hansen, (3♀, 4♂) [JAHC]; 15.8 mi. northeast Ft. Davis, Hwy. 17, 30.76483, −103.759348, elev. 4200’, on flower Verbena sp. (Verbenaceae), 28.iv.2021, T.C. MacRae, (1) [TCMC]; same data except swept from roadside vegetation, (1) [TCMC]; Davis Mts., Limpia Canyon, 17–20.vi.1961, R.L. Westcott, (4♀, 7♂) [TAMU, RLWE]; Davis Mountains State Park, Limpia Canyon Primitive Area, elev. 5050’, ex small dead branch Celtis laevigata Willd. var. reticulata (Torr.) L.D. Benson coll. 17.v.1994, em. v.1996, T.C. MacRae, (1♀) [TCMC]; same data except, ex dead branch Celtis laevigata var. reticulata coll. 24.x.2001, em. 1–14.vi.2003, (1♀) [TCMC]; Hwy. 118, Lawrence E Wood Picnic Area, 30.706182, −104.104849, on Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Wooton &amp; Standl. (Asteraceae), 2.vii.2017, J.A. Back, (1) [JABIC]; Ft. Davis, 27–29.viii.1962, H.R. Burke, (1) [TAMU]; 4 mi. southeast of Ft. Davis, Hwy. 118, 13.vi.1968, G.H. &amp; D.E. Nelson, (1♀) [FSCA]; Ft. Davis, Hwy. 118, Caldwell Ranch Gate, 30.7422, −104.1396, 13.v.2020, J.A. Hansen, (2♂) [JAHC]; 21 mi. south of Kent, 12.vi.1983, collector unknown, (1♀) [FSCA]; Pecos Co., 29 mi. south of Ft. Stockton, on Ratibida columnifera, 24.v.1980, R.L. Westcott, (1♂) [RLWE]; Ft. Stockton, 28 mi. southwest on US-385, 13.v.2003, S.G. Wellso, (1♀) [TAMU]; same locality, 5.vi.1992, E.G. Riley, (1♂) [TAMU]; Ft. Stockton, 6.iv.1993, S.G. Wellso, (1) [TAMU]; Reeves Co., Toyahvale, 0.4 mi. south of FM-3078 on Hwy. 17, elev. 3347′, 30.9371, −103.7917, 28.iv.2021, swept from roadside vegetation, T.C. MacRae, (1) [TCMC]; same data except 24.v.2022, on flower Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners (Asteraceae), (1) [TCMC]; Sutton Co., Sonora, 13.v.2009, S.G. Wellso, (3) [TAMU]; no specific location, 12.v.2009, S.G. Wellso, (1♂) [TAMU].</p> <p>Variation. Shape of the clypeus varies from triangularly emarginate to sinuate but never broadly emarginate. Pronotal shape can be widest at middle to widest just behind middle in some specimens. Yellow elytral markings vary from narrow vittae extending from umbone to subapex, as seen in the holotype (Fig. 1a), to broken vittae appearing as a posthumeral C-shaped maculation and two converging, oblique maculations on the apical third of the elytra. In some specimens these are broken up further (see Appendix 1, Fig. 23). Specimens are subcylindrical to more robust. A series of 200 specimens revealed one with the costal edge of the elytra entire; all other specimens had the costal edge serrate as described for the holotype.</p> <p>Sexual dimorphism. In males the ungual tooth of the protarsal claw is at least half as long as the outer claw with the tip distinctly truncate (Fig. 1e). Females can be separated from males by the short, acute ungual tooth of the protarsal claw (Fig. 1f). Females range in size from 5–7 mm long, 1.9–2.8 mm wide and males 5–6.5 mm long, 1.5–2.1 mm wide. On average, females are larger than males. The female genitalia are typical of the Acmaeodera tubulus species group (e.g., A. natlovei, A. neoneglecta Fisher, 1949, A. neglecta Fall, 1899, A. opuntiae Knull, 1966, A. tubulus [Fabricius, 1801]).</p> <p>Distribution. Arizona, New Mexico, Texas.</p> <p>Biology. Celtis laevigata var. reticulata Torr. and Juglans microcarpa Berl. are the only confirmed larval plant hosts of A. natlovei. A large series was collected in Jeff Davis Co., Texas (30.7649, −103.7595) where neither of these two hosts were apparent, leading the author to believe the larval host range is likely broader than currently known. Adults on Robinia sp., also on flowers of C irsium Mill. (Asteraceae), Convolvulus equitans Benth. (Convolvulaceae), Diospyros texana Scheele (Ebenaceae), Erigeron divergens, Fallugia paradoxa, Lygodesmia texana (Torr. &amp; A. Gray) Greene (Asteraceae), Machaeranthera pinnatifida, Opuntia sp. (Cactaceae), Purshia mexicana and P. stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson, Ratibida columnifera and Verbena sp. Adults alighted on a white beat sheet laid on the ground, along with individuals of Acmaeodera gillespiensis Knull, 1941 and Acmaeodera quadrivittatoides Nelson and Westcott, 1995.</p> <p>Peak flight of A. natlovei occurs May and June, with museum specimens dated as early as April, and a solitary specimen collected in late August from Ft. Davis, Texas. The latter likely represents an extreme end of the species natural flight period.</p> <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is in honor of the African American cowboy, Nat Love. He was born into slavery but eventually made his mark as a free man in the southwestern United States herding cattle. In the latter half of the 19th century, he traveled much of the land between Arizona and Texas on horseback and eventually authored an autobiography of his many adventures.</p> <p>Remarks. Acmaeodera natlovei has been confused in collections with Acmaeodera conoidea Fall, 1899 for decades because the two sometimes share similar elytral markings and robustness, but A. natlovei is easily separated from that species by having the clypeus triangularly emarginate medially and by the split of the third lateral stria more or less at the basal third. In contrast, the clypeus of A. conoidea is very broadly emarginate and the third lateral stria is split near the umbone after only a few punctures. Acmaeodera natlovei can also be separated from Acmaeodera neglecta and A. opuntiae, the latter two having the third lateral stria split near the umbone as in A. conoidea. Based on the split of the third lateral stria and more bulbous medial lobe of the aedeagus (Fig. 2a–e), A. natlovei is most closely related to A. tubulus and A. neoneglecta. It can be distinguished by being larger in size on average, usually more robust, and most easily by the characteristic elytral markings and darker color, which differ from those typically seen in either of the former two species. Acmaeodera tubulus can sometimes be robust but has distinct spots (usually eight), whereas A. natlovei has elytral spots consolidated into vittae or has vittae broken into 3–4 larger yellow spots. Acmaeodera neoneglecta can be separated from A. natlovei by its more bronzed luster and when vittae are present in the former, they are extremely irregular or wider than seen in specimens of the latter. Based on examination of over 1,000 Texas specimens, geographical differences between the three species are as follows: A. tubulus occurs throughout the eastern and midwestern United States to central Texas, A. neoneglecta is restricted to central Texas south into Mexico, and A. natlovei occurs in west Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. In Arizona, A. natlovei may be confused with Acmaeodera cazieri Knull, 1960 and Acmaeodera ligulata Cazier, 1940, to both of which it can bear a superficial resemblance. Acmaeodera cazieri differs by being larger, more robust, having the prosternum much more convex, elytral vittae never broken and abdominal ventrites 1–4 transversely reticulate between punctures laterally. Acmaeodera ligulata can be separated readily by its coarsely punctate pronotum and more cylindrical shape.</p> <p>Synonyms</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B1E20FFEA221BFF7FFAF5FCA0FC01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jason A.	Hansen, Jason A. (2023): Acmaeodera (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): A new species of Acmaeodera Eschscholtz, 1829 from the southwestern United States, with three new synonymies, new state and host records, and a key to species occurring east of the Rocky Mountain states. Insecta Mundi 2023 (12): 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10271017
039B1E20FFEE2215FF7FFC58FBF3FEA7.text	039B1E20FFEE2215FF7FFC58FBF3FEA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acmaeodera conoidea Fall 1899	<div><p>Acmaeodera conoidea Fall, 1899</p> <p>Acmaeodera conoidea Fall 1899: 31.</p> <p>Acmaeodera yuccavora Knull 1962: 2. New synonymy.</p> <p>(Fig. 3a–f)</p> <p>The two syntypes of A. conoidea, one of which was designated lectotype by Westcott and Bílý (2018) [ANSP], were compared to detailed images of the holotype of A. yuccavora, provided by the Chicago Field Museum as well as various Arizona specimens of the latter from private collections [JAHC, POKC, RLWE]. In my opinion, the types are conspecific. The original series of A. conoidea in the Horn collection was described as “small” by Fall (1899) and likely did not represent the full range of variation within the species. It is perhaps not a coincidence that Cazier (1940) noted similarities between A. conoidea and A. subbalteata LeConte, 1863, just as Knull (1962) later remarked on similarities between A. yuccavora and A. subbalteata, as A. conoidea and A. yuccavora represent the same species. The original description of A. yuccavora notes four irregular transverse yellow elytral markings, although Knull acknowledges the markings vary considerably and connect in some specimens to form vittae, as seen in the two existing A. conoidea syntypes (Fig. 3; Knull 1962; Westcott and Bílý 2018). Notably absent from the description of A. yuccavora is a comparison to A. conoidea, understandable since Knull did not have access to the type series at the time, long before the designation of the A. conoidea lectotype. The last published account of the type series was Cazier (1940), who mistakenly declared the type lost.</p> <p>Horn’s series of A. conoidea was apparently composed of at least three specimens, only two could be located over a century later and were subsequently designated as the lectotype and paralectotype, respectively (Westcott and Bílý 2018). Careful study of these types made it clear the previously concept of A. conoidea, as represented in published distribution records and among many specimens in collections, was in error. During the course of study for this work, specimens of the Acmaeodera tubulus species group from multiple collections were examined. Among those were specimens from west Texas labeled as A. conoidea that did not align with Fall’s (1899) description, but invariably represented the previously undescribed species, A. natlovei.</p> <p>Confusion between A. conoidea and A. natlovei undoubtedly came about due to misplacement of the type series, variability among specimens of both species, and the subsequent misidentifications that appear to have been relied upon for comparison. Acmaeodera conoidea can easily be separated from all similar species of Texas Acmaeodera by its broadly emarginate clypeus, third lateral strial split near the umbone, and larval host.</p> <p>Biology. Due to confusion with A. natlovei, a reexamination of host records reported in the literature for A. conoidea is warranted. Burke (1918) reports rearing A. conoidea from dead flower stalks of sotol, Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson (Liliaceae), a record repeated in Chamberlin (1926) but using the common name Spanish dagger in error. Burke’s host record was thought to be based on a misidentification until recently, when A. conoidea was reared from a sotol stalk in Arizona, confirming the larval host record: Arizona, Santa Cruz Co., Ruby Rd., Atascosa Trailhead, elev. 4701′, 12R 486024 3474474 UTM, ex Dasylirion wheeleri coll. 20.iv.2018, em. viii.17–ix.14.2019, P. Kaufman [POKC]. Larval host records of A. conoidea from Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. (Ulmaceae), Juglans sp., and Celtis laevigata var. reticulata are also in question (Westcott et al. 1979; MacRae and Nelson 2003). The record from U. crassifolia in south Texas was found to be based on a misidentified specimen of A. neoneglecta, a common species in the Texas Rio Grande Valley (Ted MacRae, pers. comm.). Unfortunately, the previously reported specimen of A. conoidea reared from Juglans sp. (Westcott et. al. 1979) could not be examined. Considering misidentification of A. natlovei specimens was common at the time for the previously stated reasons and the timing of its emergence (i.e., May), it is highly likely the specimen represents A. natlovei. Further supporting evidence was the discovery of a dead A. natlovei adult in its pupal chamber within a dead branch of Juglans macrocarpa, in Ft. Davis, Texas (personal observation). The solitary specimen of A. conoidea reared from C. laevigata var. reticulata (MacRae and Nelson 2003) was examined by the author and determined to also represent A. natlovei. During the preparation of this manuscript, additional specimens came to light, also reared from Celtis sp. collected in Eddy Co., New Mexico near Carlsbad, as noted above in Materials Examined.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B1E20FFEE2215FF7FFC58FBF3FEA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jason A.	Hansen, Jason A. (2023): Acmaeodera (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): A new species of Acmaeodera Eschscholtz, 1829 from the southwestern United States, with three new synonymies, new state and host records, and a key to species occurring east of the Rocky Mountain states. Insecta Mundi 2023 (12): 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10271017
039B1E20FFE02213FF7FFE06FB42F973.text	039B1E20FFE02213FF7FFE06FB42F973.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acmaeodera neoneglecta Fisher 1949	<div><p>Acmaeodera neoneglecta Fisher, 1949</p> <p>Acmaeodera neoneglecta Fisher 1949: 336.</p> <p>Acmaeodera bryanti Van Dyke 1953: 104. New synonymy.</p> <p>Acmaeodera thoracata Knull 1974: 143. New synonymy.</p> <p>The holotype of Acmaeodera bryanti Van Dyke, 1953 was examined and found to be an immaculate form of A. neoneglecta. The lack of yellow markings represents one extreme of the range of natural variation among specimens of A. neoneglecta. It is not unprecedented to find melanic specimens among other species in the genus (Westcott and Barr 1998). Records of Acmaeodera bryanti and A. neoneglecta are completely sympatric from central to south Texas. No hosts have been recorded for A. bryanti, but that is likely due to how rarely the melanic form is encountered. Four undetermined specimens from Brazos Co. to Val Verde Co. in Texas, suspected to be A. bryanti, were examined. Two were entirely melanic except for a very small, faint, yellow mark near the elytral apex on one side. The other two had no yellow markings. In every aspect the four specimens were identical to A. neoneglecta except for reduced or lack of elytral markings and undoubtedly represent that species.</p> <p>The holotype of Acmaeodera thoracata Knull, 1974 also appears to be synonymous with A. neoneglecta, by far the most common member of the Acmaeodera tubulus species group in south Texas, where the only known specimen of A. thoracata was collected (Knull 1974). Examination of the holotype of A. thoracata revealed three unique morphological characters that separate it from other species in the group and which provide further insight into its rightful taxonomic placement. The novel characters in question are: elytron lacking serration laterally (notably missing from the original description), prothorax widest anterior to middle, and lack of punctation medially on the pronotal disc. Examination of variation within the Acmaeodera tubulus species group and other closely related species in the genus reveal these characters, while rare, are not unique to A. thoracata.</p> <p>Lack of serration along the costal edge of the elytra was found to be a rare character state for A. natlovei and mirrored the character found in the A. thoracata holotype, suggesting it may be a developmental anomaly occurring within the Acmaeodera tubulus species group or possibly the genus in general.</p> <p>While pronotal shape can be a useful character in separating some species within the genus, it can and does vary among conspecifics. For example, the pronotum of A. ligulata varies between being widest near the middle to just in front of middle as seen in A. thoracata (Cazier 1940). Many other species in the genus also have slight variations of pronotal shape among specimens which, on rare occasion, do not match their generally accepted morphology (personal observation). This would suggest there is some degree of plasticity during development when pronotal shape is determined. While no specimens of A. neoneglecta exhibiting the same lack of punctation medially on the pronotum were found, pronotal punctation does vary among species within the Acmaeodera tubulus species group from fine, distinct punctures to wider, shallower ones. The prothorax of the A. thoracata holotype is finely punctate, as is often seen in specimens of A. neoneglecta, but differs by the glabrous nature of the medial portion of the disc. This is apparently due to increased spacing of the punctures in a small area of the pronotum and can easily be explained as a developmental deformity, which is further supported by an additional character that is not mentioned in the description of the holotype or evident in Knull’s drawing of the specimen. The elytral base of the A. thoracata holotype is decidedly asymmetrical. On one side the base adjacent to the scutellar area juts upward in an unusual fashion. Conversely, the opposite elytron is deeply impressed adjacent to the umbone with the base less dramatically, but still unnaturally declivous. These distortions of the elytral base do not appear to be due to mechanical damage, leading the author to conclude that it is a developmental deformity. The deformity is of sufficient severity that it may have made lifting the elytra difficult, possibly interfering with normal flight. With no other specimens known, it is the opinion of the author that the suite of characters pointed to defining A. thoracata are not evidence of a unique speciation event but instead a combination of poor pupal development and normal variation within the species A. neoneglecta.</p> <p>New Records</p> <p>Acmaeodera gibbula LeConte, 1858. TEXAS, Val Verde Co., Pecos River bridge &amp; Hwy. 90, 29.7103, −101.3536, ex dead Vachellia rigidula (Benth.) Seigler &amp; Ebinger (Fabaceae) coll. x.2022, em. 1−10.v.2023, J.A. Hansen, (3♀, 2♂) [JAHC], new larval host.</p> <p>Acmaeodera immaculata Horn, 1878. TEXAS (new state record), El Paso Co., 15 mi. east of El Paso, 25.v.1980, unknown collector, Det. R.L. Westcott [OSAC, RLWE]; Winkler Co., nr. Kermit, 2.5 mi. west of Hwy. 115 on FM874, 31.9444, −103.0110, elev. 2979′, on flower Oenothera sp. (Onagraceae), 6.vi.2018, T.C. MacRae &amp; J.P. Huether, (6) [TCMC], new floral host. This species may be present in the Texas panhandle as well, where the known larval host, Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A. Meeuse &amp; Smit. (Chenopodiaceae), occurs.</p> <p>Acmaeodera maculifera Horn, 1894. TEXAS, Brewster Co., Big Bend N.P., on flower Anisacanthus linearis (Hagen) Henrickson &amp; Lott (Acanthaceae), 25.vi.1985, P.E. Scott, (1) [LSAM], new floral host.</p> <p>Acmaeodera miliaris Horn, 1878. NEW MEXICO, Eddy Co., Guadalupe Mts., Sitting Bull Falls, 5000′, 18.viii.1998, R.D. Worthington, (1) [TAMU]. TEXAS, Brewster Co., Big Bend N.P., on flower Anisacanthus linearis, 25.vi.1985, P.E. Scott, (1) [LSAM], new floral host; 7.5 mi. south of Alpine on Hwy. 118, on flowers Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze (Asteraceae), 21.vi.2003, T.C. MacRae, (3) [TCMC], new floral host; Starr Co., Roma, Loma Blanca Rd., 26.6140, −99.0001, on flowers Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae), 30.iv.2023, J.A. Hansen, (3♀, 2♂) [JAHC], new floral host; Val Verde Co., Pecos River bridge &amp; Hwy. 90, 29.7103, −101.3536, ex dead Vachellia rigidula coll. x.2022, em. 1−10.v.2023, J.A. Hansen, (1♂), new larval host [JAHC]. 11.6 mi. west of Comstock on Hwy. 90 at Pecos River, on flowers Thelesperma simplicifolium A. Gray, 25.vi.2003, T.C. MacRae, (2) [TCMC], new floral host; same data except on flowers Wedelia acapulcensis Kunth var. hispida (Kunth) Strother (Asteraceae), (1) [TCMC], new floral host. An earlier report of A. miliaris from New Mexico was thought to be a misidentification of A. rubronotata by the authors (Fall and Cockerell 1907). Given the location of the specimen, in a mountainous area of southwestern New Mexico, I agree the specimen was most likely Acmaeodera rubronotata Laporte and Gory 1835, which is common on roadside flowers north of Silver City, New Mexico (personal observation). Other records from Arizona, Colorado, and Utah (Chamberlin 1926, Bellamy 2008) are also likely specimens of A. rubronotata and were not included in Nelson et al. (2008), undoubtedly for that reason. Before now the most westerly confirmed record of A. miliaris was from Ft. Davis, Texas (Westcott 1979). The specimen above confirms the presence of A. miliaris in New Mexico, but only in the southeastern portion of the state.</p> <p>Acmaeodera mixta LeConte, 1860. ARKANSAS (new state record), Sevier Co., DeQueen Lake Wildlife Management Area, 25.v.2019, D.J. Heffern, (1) [TCMC]; NEW MEXICO, Bernalillo Co., Cibola National Forest, Capulin Picnic Ground, 35.2158, −106.4154, elev. 8899′, 3.vi.2018, beaten from living Robinia neomexicana A. Gray, T.C. MacRae &amp; J.P. Huether, (3) [TCMC], new adult host; Chaves Co., 10.0 mi. west of Caprock on Hwy. 380, nr. Mescalero Sand Dunes, 33.4185, −103.8796, elev. 3974′, on flower Aphanostephus ramosissimus DC (Asteraceae), 5.vi.2018, T.C. MacRae &amp; J.P. Huether, (1) [TCMC], new floral host; OKLAHOMA, Comanche Co., Medicine Park, Jack Laughter Park, 34.7243, −98.4937, elev. 1355′, on flower Gaillardia pulchella Foug. (Asteraceae), 10.vi.2019, T.C. MacRae &amp; R. S. Thoma, (3) [TCMC], new floral host; Medicine Park Primitive Campground on West Lake Drive, 34.7245, −98.4990, elev. 1268′, on flowers G. pulchella &amp; Thelesperma filifolium (Hook.) A. Gray (new floral host), T.C. MacRae &amp; R. S. Thoma, 9.vi.2019, (12) [TCMC].</p> <p>Acmaeodera neglecta Fall, 1899. NEW MEXICO (new state record), Eddy Co., Klondike Gap Rd. and 412A, 32.131°N / 104.717°W, 5790′, ex Quercus gambelii Nutt. (Fagaceae) coll. 3.x.2014, em. vi.2015, D.J. Heffern &amp; B. Raber, (2) [TAMU], new larval host; TEXAS, Val Verde Co., Gold Mine Canyon, 29.8022, −100.8344, on flowers Echinocereus enneacanthus Engelm. (Cactaceae), 19.v.2022, J.A. Hansen, (2♀) [JAHC], new floral host.</p> <p>Acmaeodera neoneglecta Fisher, 1949. OKLAHOMA, Comanche Co., Medicine Park Primitive Campground on West Lake Drive, 34.724457, −98.498971, elev. 1268′, on flower Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg ex Sweet (Asteraceae), 9.vi.2019, T.C. MacRae &amp; R. S. Thoma, (3) [TCMC], new floral host; same data except on flower Thelesperma filifolium, (6) [TCMC], new floral host. Nelson et al. (2008) lists eight larval hosts for A. neoneglecta, six of them are in the plant family Fabaceae. However, they overlooked Baccharis neglecta Britton (Asteraceae) (Boldt and Robbins 1987).</p> <p>Acmaeodera obtusa Horn, 1878. OKLAHOMA, Comanche Co., Medicine Park, Jack Laughter Park, 34.7243, −98.4937, elev. 1355′, on flower Gaillardia pulchella, 10.vi.2019, T.C. MacRae &amp; R. S. Thoma, (1) [TCMC], new floral host; TEXAS, Winkler Co., nr. Kermit, 2.5 mi. west of Hwy. 115 on FM-874, 31.9444, −103.0110, elev. 2979′, on flower Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray (Asteraceae), 6.vi.2018, T.C. MacRae &amp; J.P. Huether, (6) [TCMC], new floral host.</p> <p>Acmaeodera opuntiae Knull, 1966. TEXAS, Crane Co., Jct. 1053 &amp; 1233, 10−26.v.1997, J.E. Wappes, (1) [TAMU]; Gonzales Co., Palmetto State Park, on Opuntia sp. flower, 28.iv.1988, C.B. Barr, (5) [LSAM, TCMC]; Real Co., Ranch Rd. 337 E., 29.7194, −99.6574, 18.iv.2020, J.A. Hansen, (2♂) [JAHC]; Starr Co., La Morita Rd., 26.5660, −98.8538, beaten from Prosopis glandulosa Torr. (Fabaceae), 1.iv.2023, J.A. Hansen, (15) [JAHC], new adult host; Same data except 14.iv.2023, J.A. Hansen, (6) [JAHC]; Beaten from same host, Sanchez Rd., 26.5921, −99.0022, 13.iv.2023, J.A. Hansen, (1) [JAHC]; Roma, Loma Blanca Rd., 26.6140, −99.0001, on flowers Helianthus annuus, 30.iv.2023, J.A. Hansen, (1♀, 1♂) [JAHC], new floral host; Uvalde Co., 28.iv.1982, R.L. Stone, (2) [LSAM, TCMC]; Val Verde Co., Pecos River and Hwy. 90, 29.7136, −101.3572, ex dead Vachellia rigidula coll. x.2022, em. Iv.2023, J.A. Hansen, (1♀, 1♂) [JAHC], new larval host; Val Verde Co., Devils River riparian site, 29.7985, −101.0008, pitfall trap along river, 7.iii–9.iv.2021, B. Raber &amp; D. Heffern, (1) [DJHC]; Winkler Co., Monahans Sands, Route 874, 3–7 mi. east-northeast Jct. with Route 18, 6.vi.2018, J. Huether, (1) [JPHC]. Specimens that emerged from V. rigidula were confirmed using setal width, split of the third lateral elytral interspace, and examination of the male genitalia, as shown in Fig. 2a–e. Historically, Acmaeodera opuntiae has been thought to be restricted to southern Texas. While more common in areas of Starr and Hidalgo Co. the above records show A. opuntiae to have a much wider geographic range, extending into parts of west Texas. Previously the westernmost record was Zapata Co., Texas (MacRae 2006). Its presence in west Texas suggests a wider larval host range than is currently known, since both Karwinskia humboldtiana (Schult.) Zucc. (Rhamnaceae) and V. rigidula do not occur in Crane or Winkler Co. (USDA, NRCS 2023). The presence of individuals of A. opuntiae on P. glandulosa in two different Starr Co. locations, on different days, suggests adults were not merely resting on the plant. Adults may be feeding on the blooms; the plant may serve as a larval host, or both may occur. The association with mesquite merits further investigation since one of its known hosts, V. rigidula is in the same plant family.</p> <p>Acmaeodera ornata (Fabricius, 1775). TEXAS (new state record), Fannin Co., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-96.15945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.77972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -96.15945/lat 33.77972)">Fannin Lake</a>, 33 ° 46′47″N, 96 ° 09′34″W, 29.iv.2004, E.Riley, (3) [TAMU]; Madison Co., 4 mi. east of Midway, 20.iv.2014, T.R. Clifton [TAMU]; ILLINOIS (new state record), Pope Co., [Mt. Golcanda]?, 28.iv.1992, J.K. Bouseman [INHS]; Union Co., Pine Hills Recreation Area, 3.v.1959, J.K. Bouseman, (2) [INHS]. In Texas, this species appears to be restricted to the northeastern portion of the state.</p> <p>Acmaeodera ornatoides Barr, 1972. OKLAHOMA, Comanche Co., Medicine Park Primitive Campground on West Lake Drive, 34.724457, −98.498971, elev. 1268′, on flower Gaillardia pulchella, 9.vi.2019, T.C. MacRae &amp; R. S. Thoma, (3) [TCMC], new floral host.</p> <p>Acmaeodera princeps Kerremans, 1908. Starr Co., La Morita Rd., 26.5660, −98.8538, feeding on flower Prosopis glandulosa, 1.iv.2023, J.A. Hansen, (1) [JAHC], new floral host.</p> <p>Acmaeodera pulchella (Herbst, 1801). OKLAHOMA, Le Flore Co., Ouachita National Forest, Ouachita Trail south of Winding Staircase Campground, 34.7093, −94.6831, elev. 2383′, on flower Krigia sp. (Asteraceae), 8.vi.2019, T.C. MacRae &amp; R. S. Thoma, (1) [TCMC], new floral host.</p> <p>Acmaeodera quadrivittatoides Nelson &amp; Westcott, 1995. TEXAS, Winkler Co., nr. Kermit, 2.5 mi. west of Hwy. 115 on FM-874, 31.9444, −103.0110, elev. 2979′, on flower Oenothera sp., 6.vi.2018, T.C. MacRae &amp; J.P. Huether, (1) [TCMC], new floral host.</p> <p>Acmaeodera robigo Knull, 1954. Texas, Edwards Co., 2 mi. northwest Camp Wood, 29.6826, −100.0277, on flower Pinaropappus roseus (Less.) Less. (Asteraceae), 14.iv.2018, K.W. Wright, (1) [TAMU], new floral host.</p> <p>Acmaeodera tubulus (Fabricius, 1801). Texas, Brazos Co., College Station, ex Quercus sinuata Walter var sinuata coll. 31.xii.1985, em. 25.iii.1986, S.G. Wellso &amp; J.A. Jackman, (1) [TAMU], new larval host; Bryan, FM-1688 nr. Brazos River, ex Styphnolobium affine (Torr. &amp; A. Gray) Walp. (Fabaceae) coll. 31.xii.1985, em. 2–9.iii.1986, J.A. Jackman &amp; S.G. Wellso, (4) [TAMU], new larval host. COLORADO (new state record), Alamosa Co., Alamosa,</p> <p>25.vi.1981, J. Glaser, (1) [CMNH, mislabeled?].</p> <p>Key to species of Acmaeodera occurring east of the Rocky Mountain states</p> <p>The following key includes the known fauna east of the Rocky Mountain states. Acmaeodera cuneata Fall, 1899 is omitted despite its inclusion in the Texas fauna by Nelson et al. (2008) and Bellamy (2008), which was done in error. Acmaeodera disjuncta Fall, 1899 was recently synonymized with Acmaeodera opacula LeConte, 1858 (Hansen and Westcott 2023) and this taxonomic change is reflected in the key. Acmaeodera amplicollis LeConte, 1866 is included, despite not being listed from Texas in Nelson et al. (2008) and Bellamy (2008). It was likely excluded from the Texas fauna because the only Texas record of this species was collected in the Davis Mountains (Westcott et al. 1979) with a suspect collection date of April 11 th, seemingly much too early for this Summer/Fall species. The label data indicate the specimen was caught in a light trap during a trip the collector made through the southwestern United States, of which Ft. Davis was only one of the stops made (Doug Yanega, University of California-Riverside, pers. comm.). Also significant is no other specimen from the Ft. Davis area (a popular destination for insect collectors) or Texas as a whole have come to light since that time, 58 years ago. The time of year and lack of additional Texas specimens makes it likely the specimen was collected at one of the other stops the collector made within the known geographic range of A. amplicollis and was simply mislabeled. It is still possible A. amplicollis occurs in far west El Paso Co., Texas in the vicinity of the Franklin Mountains, which have a similar habitat to the Organ Mountains in New Mexico, roughly 25 miles to the north, where A. amplicollis is known to occur. For this reason, A. amplicollis is included in the key and Appendix 1 despite the lack of a credible record from Texas.</p> <p>Due to extreme variability of markings among specimens of many of the species included in this work, series plates of each species, which demonstrate the range of variation that exists among available specimens, are arranged in alphabetical order. The user is encouraged to freely consult the images as needed (Appendix 1). The separation of species in the Acmaeodera tubulus species group and the Acmaeodera pulchella species group (e.g., A. pulchella, A. mixta, A. immaculata) uses generally accepted characters, which should successfully identify the majority of individuals. Even so, some specimens within these two complexes may be difficult to determine and require the attention of a specialist. In such cases, caution is advised. Both complexes present challenges that will likely require molecular investigation to resolve, especially in areas where populations of the closely related species in question overlap.</p> <p>1. Pronotal disc cribrately punctate........................................................... 2</p> <p>— Pronotal disc not cribrately punctate....................................................... 4</p> <p>2(1). Venter with branched setae on proepisternum, femora and laterally on first three abdominal ventrites..................................................................... A. cribricollis Horn</p> <p>— Venter without branched setae on proepisternum, femora and laterally on first three abdominal ventrites.................................................................................... 3</p> <p>3(2). Pronotum uniformly convex, two basolateral depressions shallow (south Texas and Mexico)............................................................... A. tildenorum Nelson and Westcott</p> <p>— Pronotum not uniformly convex, middle and two basolateral depressions deep (south Florida, Bahamas, and Cuba).................................................. A. marginenotata Chevrolat</p> <p>4(1). Lateral elytral interval 2 or 3 prominent..................................................... 5</p> <p>— Lateral elytral intervals not prominent...................................................... 8</p> <p>5(4). Elytra with red markings on apical third.................................................... 6</p> <p>— Elytra with only yellow markings on apical third............................................. 7</p> <p>6(5). Costal margin of elytra flared nearly horizontal, second lateral interval less prominent than the third; pronotum reflexed, with yellow laterally.............................. A. paradisjuncta Knull</p> <p>— Costal margin of elytra vertical, second lateral interval much more prominent than third; pronotum not reflexed, immaculate................................................... A. miliaris Horn</p> <p>7(5). Elytra with irregular vittae and clothed with white setae, 4.5–7.5 mm............. A. parkeri Cazier</p> <p>— Elytra without vittae and clothed with dark setae, 7–10 mm.................. A. gillespiensis Knull</p> <p>8(4). Dorsally clothed with long, white, recumbent setae, apex of setae contacting dorsum.............. 9</p> <p>— Dorsally clothed with short or long setae of various colors, apex of setae freestanding, not contacting dorsum............................................................................ 10</p> <p>9(8). Elytra with two red spots on apical third.................................... A. uvaldensis Knull</p> <p>— Elytra without red spots on the apical third.................................. A. pinalorum Knull</p> <p>10(8). Pronotum with orange spot laterally; elytra with seven orange spots arranged longitudinally in two rows, occasionally coalescing (south Florida, Brazil and Columbia)... A. xanthosticta Laporte and Gory</p> <p>— Pronotum with yellow spot laterally or immaculate; elytra with yellow or red maculations........ 11</p> <p>11(10). Femora with setae straight and flattened in shape, equal to or shorter than width of femur........ 12</p> <p>— Femora with setae often sinuous or curved and not flattened in shape, usually longer than width of femur................................................................................... 20</p> <p>12(11). Third lateral stria split near umbone or independent (0–5 punctures).......................... 13</p> <p>— Third lateral stria split within basal third (≥6 punctures)..................................... 16</p> <p>13(12). Each elytron with two yellow vittae (sometimes vittae faintly separated); pronotum with or without yellow spot laterally................................. A. quadrivittatoides Nelson and Westcott</p> <p>— Each elytron with single yellow vitta, never with two; pronotum immaculate.................... 14</p> <p>14(13) Robust, elytra with wide yellow vittae....................................... A. riograndei Nelson</p> <p>— Cylindrical, elytra most often without vittae, occasionally with vittae or elytra mostly yellow...... 15</p> <p>15(14). Elytra clothed with wide setae, 3.0– 5.5 mm (west to south Texas)................ A. opuntiae Knull</p> <p>— Elytra clothed with narrow setae, 3.0– 7.5 mm (Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Texas excluding south)........................................................................ A. neglecta Fall</p> <p>16(12). Elytra with red-orange vittae or mostly red-orange............................... A. robigo Knull</p> <p>— Elytra with yellow markings only.......................................................... 17</p> <p>17(16) Each elytron usually with 6–8 small yellow spots that occasionally coalesce, rarely reduced (eastern to midwestern U.S.)................................................. A. tubulus (Fabricius)</p> <p>— Each elytron with vittae or larger irregular yellow markings or fewer and larger yellow spots...... 18</p> <p>18(17). West Texas to Arizona................................................. A. natlovei new species</p> <p>— Central to south Texas................................................................... 19</p> <p>19(18). Body cylindrical; elytral markings extremely variable, sometimes with narrow irregular vittae, less com- monly wide vittae, rarely immaculate; pronotum black-bronze (central Texas to Mexico)........................................................................... A. neoneglecta Fisher</p> <p>— Body more robust; elytra with wide yellow vittae; pronotum black (Known only from south Texas).......................................................................... A. starrae Knull</p> <p>20(11). Elytra with yellow and red markings....................................................... 21</p> <p>— Elytra with yellow markings only.......................................................... 29</p> <p>21(20). Lateral edge of pronotum not visible throughout from above, not explanate..................... 22</p> <p>— Lateral edge of pronotum visible throughout from above, strongly to weakly explanate........... 26</p> <p>22(21). Elytra with large, solitary, mediolateral red spot, extending from costal margin to third lateral interval..................................................................... A. davidsoni Barr</p> <p>— Elytra with yellow markings and smaller red spots laterally................................... 23</p> <p>23(22). Elytra with small, scattered yellow maculations, sometimes forming narrow transverse bands............................................................... A. rubronotata Laporte and Gory</p> <p>— Yellow elytral maculations consolidated into fewer large spots arranged longitudinally............ 24</p> <p>24(23). Elytra usually with three to four red spots laterally, centered on the third lateral interspace and spaced more or less evenly from umbone to apical third; pronotum with sides gradually converging from base to apex, widest at base............................................ A. gibbula LeConte</p> <p>— elytra with one to two red maculations restricted to apicolateral half of elytra; pronotum arcuately rounded from base to apex or subparallel on basal half, widest at middle.................... 25</p> <p>25(24). Pronotum widest and subparallel on basal fourth, not inflated; elytra apicolateral red stripe almost always broken................................................................ A. recticollis Fall</p> <p>— Pronotum widest at basal third, distinctly inflated; elytra with apicolateral red stripes almost always entire...................................................... A. tiquilia Westcott and Barr</p> <p>26(21). Elytra with many small, scattered, yellow spots laterally, identical to the yellow markings dorsally; pronotum usually immaculate, sometimes with small, basolateral, yellow mark............................................................................... A. haemorrhoa LeConte</p> <p>— Elytra with lateral, yellow stripe extending from base to about middle, sometimes interrupted midway, dorsum mostly immaculate or with a few larger yellow maculations; pronotum almost always with basolateral, short or elongate, yellow mark.............................................. 27</p> <p>27(26). Robust; third lateral elytral interval more convex than the second and fourth at apical third; lateral stripe from base to about middle usually broken; apical bands both marked with red.................................................................................... A. opacula LeConte</p> <p>— Not robust; third lateral elytral interval not more convex than second or fourth at apical third; lateral stripe from base to about middle usually not broken; one or both apical bands marked with red.. 28</p> <p>28(27). Elytra with dorsal surface mostly immaculate, two transverse red bands on apical third coalescing to form a single, wide, transverse band ornamented with 0–3 black spots (south Arizona and south Texas to Central America)....................................... A. flavomarginata (Gray)</p> <p>— Elytra with dorsal surface immaculate or not, one or both apical bands marked with red, broken by suture (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and west Texas).................... A. amabilis Horn</p> <p>29(20). Umbone flanked by yellow stripes, typically joining by middle................................ 30</p> <p>— Umbone not flanked by yellow stripes..................................................... 31</p> <p>30(29). Pronotum reflexed, wider than elytral base.............................. A. amplicollis LeConte *</p> <p>— Pronotum not reflexed, not wider than elytral base....................... A. scalaris Mannerheim</p> <p>31(29). Pronotum golden green, very densely punctate throughout (A. amplicollis sometimes has golden green pronotum)............................................................ A. auritincta Fall</p> <p>— Pronotum not golden green, punctation variable............................................ 32</p> <p>32(31). Elytra yellow with few to many dark spots and/or dark irregular markings, without transverse bands.. 33</p> <p>— Elytra immaculate, with yellow spots, yellow irregular markings or transverse bands............. 38</p> <p>33(32). Pronotum black..................................................... A. scalaris Mannerheim</p> <p>— Pronotum brassy to bronze............................................................... 34</p> <p>34(33). Pronotal margin explanate, constricted near base, hind angles produced......... A. maculifera Horn</p> <p>— Pronotal margin not explanate or constricted near base, hind angles not produced............... 35</p> <p>35(34). Pronotum moderately to deeply depressed basomedially, lateral depressions deep; in lateral view costal edge of elytra sharply bent upward posterior to metacoxa............... A. princeps Kerremans</p> <p>— Pronotum lightly depressed or uniformly convex basomedially, lateral depressions not deep; in lateral view costal edge of elytra nearly straight posterior to metacoxa............................ 36</p> <p>36(35). Pronotum deeply, coarsely punctate...................................... A. variegata LeConte</p> <p>— Pronotum finely punctate................................................................ 37</p> <p>37(36). Vestiture of head white; lateral margin of pronotum rounded under. On average smaller 4.7–8.5 mm. larval host: Krascheninnikovia lanata................................... A. immaculata Horn</p> <p>— Vestiture of head light brown to brown; lateral margin of pronotum not rounded under. On average larger 6.5–13 mm. larval hosts: Acacia sp., Avicennia sp., Celtis sp., and Prosopis sp.... A. mixta LeConte</p> <p>38(32). Pronotum deep blue or with blue-green sheen.............................................. 39</p> <p>— Pronotum bronzed or black.............................................................. 40</p> <p>39(38). Pronotum immaculate and explanate, sides visible from above throughout... A. flavopicta Waterhouse</p> <p>— Pronotum dark blue with yellow, basolateral spots, not explanate, sides not visible from above throughout..................................................................... A. obtusa Horn</p> <p>40(38). Pronotum black........................................................................ 41</p> <p>— Pronotum dark bronzed to brassy......................................................... 46</p> <p>41(40). Pronotum moderately to deeply depressed basomedially..................................... 42</p> <p>— Pronotum lightly depressed or uniformly convex basomedially................................ 44</p> <p>42(41). Pronotum with large yellow spot basolaterally; elytra with four transverse bands...... A. macra Horn</p> <p>— Pronotum immaculate or sometimes with a small yellow spot basolaterally; elytra with scattered yellow spots and/or irregular, thin, transverse bands........................................... 43</p> <p>43(42). Posthumeral yellow spot attenuated, more or less straight; dorsum sometimes with blue reflections, (Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico)........................................ A. ornatoides Barr</p> <p>— Posthumeral yellow spot long and slightly curved; dorsum without blue reflections (eastern U.S.)....................................................................... A. ornata (Fabricius)</p> <p>44(41). Pronotum with sides gradually converging from base to apex, widest at base; elytra with five yellow spots arranged longitudinally on the disc, three yellow spots on basal two-thirds, centered on the third lateral interspace, and three to four yellow spots along the costal edge........ A. delumbis Horn</p> <p>— Pronotum not widest at base, elytra with transverse bands.................................... 45</p> <p>45(44). Dorsum, deep shiny black; elytra with two short, yellow, transverse bands at middle, oblique band at apical third and a subapical dot (Texas)................................... A. wenzeli Van Dyke</p> <p>— Dorsum, not shiny black; elytra usually with four transverse bands, sometimes confused (southeastern U.S.)................................................................ A. texana LeConte</p> <p>46(40). Pronotum moderate to deeply depressed basomedially....................................... 47</p> <p>— Pronotum lightly depressed or uniformly convex basomedially................................ 48</p> <p>47(46). Pronotum coarsely punctate, not shiny; elytra often with four transverse bands broken at suture............................................................................ A. bowditchi Fall</p> <p>— Pronotum less coarsely punctate, shiny; elytra with irregular transverse bands and yellow markings.......................................................................... A. consors Horn</p> <p>48(46). Pronotum immaculate (rarely with very small yellow dot laterally).............. A. texana LeConte</p> <p>— Pronotum with yellow spot laterally, never immaculate....................................... 49</p> <p>49(48). Pronotum deeply, coarsely punctate...................................... A. variegata LeConte</p> <p>— Pronotum shallowly, finely punctate....................................................... 50</p> <p>50(49). Vestiture of head white; lateral margin of pronotum rounded under. On average smaller 4.7–9.0 mm, larval host: Krascheninnikovia lanata................................... A. immaculata Horn</p> <p>— Vestiture of head mostly light brown to brown; lateral margin of pronotum not rounded under. On average larger 6.5–13 mm................................................................ 51</p> <p>51(50). Elytral apex usually entirely black (occasionally with yellow spots), setae dark brown to black. (Eastern U.S. and Canada).................................................. A. pulchella (Herbst)</p> <p>— Elytral apex black with two yellow spots (occasionally all black), setae light brown to brown. (Southwestern U.S.: Nebraska south to Texas and west to Utah and Arizona)............. A. mixta LeConte</p> <p>*Likely to occur in far west Texas though no valid records currently exist from the state.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B1E20FFE02213FF7FFE06FB42F973	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hansen, Jason A.	Hansen, Jason A. (2023): Acmaeodera (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): A new species of Acmaeodera Eschscholtz, 1829 from the southwestern United States, with three new synonymies, new state and host records, and a key to species occurring east of the Rocky Mountain states. Insecta Mundi 2023 (12): 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10271017
