identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039A87B6C03EFFB2A7B100DC446FFE49.text	039A87B6C03EFFB2A7B100DC446FFE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euconnus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 1. Morphological structures and taxonomic status of  Euconnus (  Napoconnus Franz ) </p>
            <p> The general body shape of  Euconnus (Napoconnus) kubienai (Fig. 1) is very similar to that of many species of  Euconnus , especially the subgenus  Napochus . </p>
            <p> The head capsule (Figs 1, 10) is divided into the posterior part ('neck' region) and anterior, exposed part by an occipital constriction broader than half width of head. The anterior part of the head is slightly elongate and distinctly flattened; vertex distinctly demarcated from the 'neck' region and not bulging posterodorsally; frons subtrapezoidal; antennal insertions moderately broadly separated; compound eyes located anterolaterally, so that the tempora are long. The tempora and genae are covered with thick bristles (Fig. 10). The posterior tentorial pits (Fig. 10; ptp) are elongate and located slightly in front of the transverse impression demarcating ventrally the anterior and posterior parts of the head capsule; the gular plate (Fig. 10; gp) is broad and subtrapezoidal, but with its anterior portion adjacent to the tentorial pits narrowed and elongate. The submentum (Fig. 10; smn) is not demarcated laterally by sutures, and hypostomal ridges (Fig. 10; hr) are short, strongly bent mesally and running nearly parallel to the posterior margins of cardines. Most of these characters can be found in  Euconnus , except for the unusually short and strongly bent mesally hypostomal ridges (in  Euconnus s. str. ,  Napochus ,  Filonapochus ,  Tetramelus ,  Paratetramelus ,  Heteroconnus and Glabriconnus the ridges are long and extend posteromesally nearly to the posterior tentorial pits; in  Rhomboconnus the posterior ends of ridges are far from tentorial pits but connected at middle). </p>
            <p> The antennae (Figs 1, 11) of  Euconnus (Napoconnus) kubienai are relatively short, with scape and pedicel elongate and proximal flagellomeres subcylindrical and compactly assembled; the club is composed of three antennomeres, of which the antennomere IX is only slightly broader than VIII and therefore the club appears as two-segmented. Antennomeres X and XI are much broader and longer than IX. Such composition of the antennal club is not known in any of the hitherto reviewed subgenera of  Euconnus , but in other species of  Napoconnus (e.g., Franz 1957) the club is clearly three-segmented, with the antennomere IX about as broad as X and XI. Antennal clubs in such species resemble those of  Napochus , except for being three-, and not four-segmented. </p>
            <p> The prothorax of  Euconnus (Napoconnus) kubienai in dorsal view (Fig. 1) is elongate and subtrapezoidal, with sides nearly straight and strongly convergent anteriorly, the pronotum is broadest near base. The pronotal base bears a faint transverse impression and a pair of feebly marked lateral antebasal pits. The general shape of pronotum is very similar to that of  Napochus . </p>
            <p> The prosternum (Fig. 10) is short, lacking prosternal process or carina; the notosternal sutures (Fig. 10; nss) and hypomeral ridges (Fig. 10; hyr) seem complete (but they are only partly visible in the studied specimen), and the sides of prothorax are covered with thick bristles. These are characters similar to those known in  Napochus . </p>
            <p> The mesoventral structures, especially the carinate, narrow and highly elevated mesoventral intercoxal process (Fig. 12; msvp) of  Euconnus (Napoconnus) kubienai do not deviate from those known in  Euconnus s. str. and other subgenera of  Euconnus . </p>
            <p> The metaventral intercoxal process of  Euconnus (Napoconnus) kubienai (Fig. 12; mtvp) is not similar to structures found in previously studied subgenera of  Euconnus . Instead of being moderately broad and short, as in  Euconnus , the process in  Napoconnus is narrow and forming a pair of long spines touching at middle and projecting posteriorly, so that the metacoxae are narrowly separated. </p>
            <p> The elytra (Fig. 1) are oval, elongate, each with two barely noticeable asetose rudiments of basal foveae. This character differs from conditions known in most subgenera of  Euconnus , which have large and deep basal elytral foveae. However, the foveae are either entirely reduced or visible only as barely discernible rudiments in  Rhomboconnus and  Filonapochus , or they can be very small (  Heteroconnus and some species of  Napochus ). </p>
            <p> The aedeagus (Figs 2–3) of  Euconnus (Napoconnus) kubienai is symmetrical, with free and slender parameres, sub-basally located dorsal orifice and subapically located ventral ostium, with particularly long apical projection of the dorsal wall. As the aedeagus within  Euconnus (and other genera of Glandulariini) is extremely diverse, the copulatory organ of  Euconnus (Napoconnus) kubienai does not provide any particular subgeneric or generic diagnostic character states. </p>
            <p> Conclusions. Morphological structures of  Napoconnus are similar to those of  Euconnus , especially the subgenus  Napochus , but the narrow metaventral intercoxal process with a pair of posteriorly directed spines excludes this taxon from  Euconnus . The broad vs. narrow metaventral intercoxal process was previously adopted as a distinction between  Euconnus and  Sciacharis Broun, 1983 , (Jałoszyński 2015c), genera that are similar in many other structures. However, in  Sciacharis the metacoxae are contiguous and the metaventral process lacks the pair of spines, found in  Napoconnus . This structure can be found in many genera of Glandulariini, but none of them has the body form so much  Napochus -like as  Euconnus (Napoconnus) kubienai and other species currently placed in  Napoconnus ; also none of them has the antennal club composed of enlarged three terminal antennomeres. Consequently,  Napoconnus is here elevated to the generic rank. </p>
            <p> Emended diagnosis of the genus  Napoconnus , status revised. Body  Napochus -like, i.e., the head subpentagonal with long tempora, pronotum subtrapezoidal, broadest near base and strongly narrowing anteriorly, with lateral margins nearly straight, and oval elytra; head and pronotum with thick bristles. Antenna with distinct club composed of antennomeres IX–XI; hypostomal ridges short, strongly bent mesally and running nearly parallel to posterior margins of cardines; pronotum with faint antebasal impression and one pair of barely discernible lateral pits, lacking sublateral carinae; hypomeral ridges complete; prosternum lacking prosternal process or carina; mesoventral intercoxal process keel-like, anteriorly connected with anterior ridge of mesoventrite; metaventral intercoxal process narrowly separating metacoxae, with a pair of posteriorly directed, pointed spines adjacent at middle; each elytron with two rudimentary basal foveae; aedeagus with free parameres. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A87B6C03EFFB2A7B100DC446FFE49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2016): Taxonomy of ' Euconnus complex'. Part VIII. Subgenera Napoconnus, Himaloconnus and Nepaloconnus removed from Euconnus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 463-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.4
039A87B6C03BFFB1A7B1011443C4FD21.text	039A87B6C03BFFB1A7B1011443C4FD21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euconnus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 2. Morphological structures and taxonomic status of  Euconnus (  Himaloconnus Franz ) </p>
            <p> The general body shape of  Euconnus (Himaloconnus) shutjensis (Fig. 2) is similar to that of many species of  Euconnus , especially the subgenus  Napochus . </p>
            <p> The head capsule (Figs 2, 13) is divided into the posterior part ('neck' region) and anterior, exposed part by an occipital constriction broader than half width of head. The anterior part of the head is strongly elongate and slightly flattened; vertex distinctly demarcated from the 'neck' region and not bulging posterodorsally; frons subtrapezoidal; antennal insertions moderately broadly separated; compound eyes located anteriorly and the tempora are much longer than eyes. The tempora and genae are covered with thick bristles (Figs 13, 14). The posterior tentorial pits (Fig. 14; ptp) are small, circular and located slightly in front of the transverse impression demarcating ventrally the anterior and posterior parts of the head capsule; the gular plate (Fig. 14; gp) is broad and subtrapezoidal, but with its anterior portion adjacent to the tentorial pits narrowed and elongate. The submentum (Fig. 13; smn) is not demarcated laterally by sutures, bearing shallow and broad impression with presumably glandular openings (Fig. 15), and hypostomal ridges (Fig. 14; hr) are long and posteriorly extending up to the level of posterior tentorial pits, but the ends of ridges are located laterally to the pits. Most of these characters can be found in  Euconnus , except for the hypostomal ridges running laterad the posterior tentorial pits (in  Euconnus s. str. ,  Napochus ,  Filonapochus ,  Tetramelus ,  Paratetramelus ,  Heteroconnus and Glabriconnus the posterior ends of both ridges are very close to posterior tentorial pits, typically in front of each pit; in  Rhomboconnus the ridges are connected at middle in front of the pits); also the presumably glandular impression of the submentum is unique for  Himaloconnus . A pair of enigmatic structures (Fig. 14;?) can be seen at each side of the prementum; these are nearly circular flat lobes which can represent modified (i.e., enlarged and lacking microtrichia) lateral lobes of the hypopharynx. However, in the studied specimens the mandibles are tightly closed and any attempts to open them could easily result in damaging the mouthparts. Therefore, it was not possible to see where these lobes are inserted; additional material available for disarticulation is required to clarify the nature of these unusual structures, which are not known in any species of  Scydmaeninae studied so far by the author. </p>
            <p> The antennae (Fig. 4) of  Euconnus (Himaloconnus) shutjensis are moderately long, with scape and pedicel elongate and proximal flagellomeres subcylindrical and compactly assembled; the club is composed of three antennomeres subequal in width and loosely assembled. The antennae resemble those of  Napochus , except for being three-, and not four-segmented. </p>
            <p> The prothorax of  Euconnus (Himaloconnus) shutjensis in dorsal view (Figs 4, 13) is short and subtrapezoidal, with sides strongly rounded and convergent anteriorly, the pronotum is broadest near base. The pronotal base bears one pair of small but distinct lateral antebasal pits (Fig. 13; lab). The general shape of pronotum is similar to that of  Napochus , except for the strongly rounded sides. </p>
            <p> The prosternum (Fig. 16) is short; the prosternal process (Fig. 16; psp) rudimentary, carinate; the notosternal sutures (Fig. 16; nss) seem complete (but they are only partly visible in the studied specimen); the hypomeral ridges (Fig. 16; hyr) are obliterated anteriorly and posteriorly (i.e., not connected to notosternal sutures or anterior prothoracic margin anteriorly and not connected to the posterior hypomeral margin posteriorly); the sides of prothorax are covered with thick bristles. These are characters similar to those known in  Napochus , except for incomplete hypomeral ridges. </p>
            <p> The mesoventral structures of  Euconnus (Himaloconnus) shutjensis differ from those of any hitherto reviewed subgenus of  Euconnus in the mesoventral intercoxal process (Fig. 17; msvp), which in a cross-section is T-shaped, i.e., its ventral surface is expanded laterally, much broader than in any  Euconnus , the mesoventral process is broadened posteriorly and coarsely sculptured. The anterior portion of mesoventrite, where lateral impressions functioning as procoxal rests (Fig. 17; pcr) are located, is unusually short. </p>
            <p> The mesoventral cavities (Figs 18–19) of  Euconnus (Himaloconnus) shutjensis are unusual in having posterior 'curtains' composed of modified setae; similar fringes are located on mesocoxae; such structures are not known in other scydmaenines. </p>
            <p> The metaventral intercoxal process of  Euconnus (Himaloconnus) shutjensis (Fig. 17; mtvp), is clearly different from structures found previously in  Euconnus . The process is narrow and forming a pair of long spines touching at middle and projecting posteriorly, so that the metacoxae are narrowly separated. In  Euconnus the metacoxae are distinctly separated and the metaventral process lacks the spines. </p>
            <p> The elytra (Figs 4, 13) are oval, elongate, each with two distinct basal foveae, each with sparse setae inside. Foveae known in all previously studied subgenera of  Euconnus , when well-developed, are asetose. </p>
            <p> The aedeagus (Figs 5–6) of  Euconnus (Himaloconnus) shutjensis is symmetrical, with free and slender parameres, similar to copulatory organs in many genera of Glandulariini, including  Euconnus ; it does not bear any unique characters that could be used to define  Himaloconnus . </p>
            <p> Conclusions. Morphological structures of  Himaloconnus are similar to those of  Euconnus , especially the subgenus  Napochus , but the narrow metaventral intercoxal process with a pair of posteriorly directed spines excludes this taxon from  Euconnus . The setose basal elytral foveae are not known in any  Euconnus revised so far, the mouthparts with enigmatic lateral lobes and mesocoxal cavities with setal 'curtains' are unique for  Himaloconnus , and the broad mesoventral intercoxal process is also not known in  Euconnus . Consequently,  Himaloconnus is here elevated to the generic rank. </p>
            <p> Emended diagnosis of the genus  Himaloconnus , status revised. Body approximately  Napochus -like, i.e., the head with long tempora, pronotum subtrapezoidal, broadest near base and strongly narrowing anteriorly, and oval elytra, but the sides of pronotum strongly rounded; head and pronotum with thick bristles. Antenna with distinct club composed of antennomeres IX–XI; hypostomal ridges extending to the level of posterior tentorial pits, but their ends located laterally in relation to pits; mouthparts with rounded lateral lobes flanking prementum, which are presumably associated with hypopharynx; pronotum with one pair of small lateral pits, lacking sublateral carinae; hypomeral ridges incomplete, obliterated anteriorly and posteriorly; prosternum with rudimentary prosternal carina; mesoventral intercoxal process carinate, T-shaped in cross-section, broad and strongly elevated, broadening posteriorly, anteriorly not connected to anterior ridge of mesoventrite; metaventral intercoxal process narrowly separating metacoxae, with a pair of posteriorly directed, pointed spines adjacent at middle; each elytron with two distinct but small and setose basal foveae; aedeagus with free parameres. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A87B6C03BFFB1A7B1011443C4FD21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2016): Taxonomy of ' Euconnus complex'. Part VIII. Subgenera Napoconnus, Himaloconnus and Nepaloconnus removed from Euconnus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 463-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.4
039A87B6C038FFB1A7B101CC4220F9AC.text	039A87B6C038FFB1A7B101CC4220F9AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euconnus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> 3. Morphological structures and taxonomic status of  Euconnus (  Nepaloconnus Franz ) </p>
            <p> The general body shape of  Euconnus (Nepaloconnus) khumbuensis (Fig. 7) is identical to that typical of the genus  Microscydmus and strongly dissimilar to that of any subgenus of  Euconnus .  Microscydmus is a remarkable genus possible to identify based on the general appearance and dorsal structures, and  Euconnus (Nepaloconnus) khumbuensis can be placed in  Microscydmus when studied in dorsal view. The following characters support this view: the short and broad head with short tempora and subtriangular frons, the latter forming a narrow and nearly vertical carina between antennal insertions; the nearly circular pronotum with four antebasal pits, of which the inner pair is connected by a deep transverse impression; and each elytron with one large and setose basal fovea. The only ventral structure suggested by Franz (1979) as diagnostic for  Nepaloconnus and different from the condition known in  Microscydmus was a broad separation of the metacoxae. This character was clearly misinterpreted, as in the holotype of  E. khumbuensis the metacoxae are narrowly separated by a metaventral intercoxal process bearing a pair of pointed spines directed posteriorly. This is another structure that can be found in  Microscydmus . Moreover, the aedeagus of  E. khumbuensis (Figs 8–9) is typical of  Microscydmus , thin-walled, with simple sclerotized endophallic structures. </p>
            <p> Conclusions. Morphological structures of  Nepaloconnus were clearly misinterpreted by Franz (1979); the metacoxae in the holotype of  E. khumbuensis are not broadly separated, but nearly contiguous, separated only by a pair of slender spines of the metaventral intercoxal process. All structures of  E. khumbuensis are typical of  Microscydmus s. str. , including the general body form, the shape of head and prothorax, the antebasal pits of pronotum; the large and setose basal fovea on each elytron; the ventral structures of the head and thorax, and the aedeagus.  Nepaloconnus is here placed as a junior synonym of  Microscydmus s. str. , resulting in  Microscydmus (s. str.)  khumbuensis (Franz) ,  comb. n. It is one of species of  Microscydmus with the largest adults; the body of the holotype males measures 1.22 mm. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A87B6C038FFB1A7B101CC4220F9AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jałoszyński, Paweł	Jałoszyński, Paweł (2016): Taxonomy of ' Euconnus complex'. Part VIII. Subgenera Napoconnus, Himaloconnus and Nepaloconnus removed from Euconnus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae). Zootaxa 4103 (5): 463-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.4
