identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039D8019831D312EFF4B762EBCFDFE63.text	039D8019831D312EFF4B762EBCFDFE63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microspio Mesnil 1896	<div><p>Genus Microspio Mesnil, 1896</p><p>Microspio Mesnil, 1896: 116, 119; type species: Spio mecznikowianus Claparède, 1869, (type by subsequent designation (Söderström, 1920)).</p><p>Mesospio Gravier, 1911: 313; type-species: Mesospio moorei Gravier, 1911, by monotypy. Fide Foster, 1971.</p><p>Diagnosis. Prostomium anteriorly rounded; or broadly rounded, only weakly incised; or conical or bilobed or bifid (deeply incised along anterior margin, producing two widely diverging lobes), frontal or lateral horns absent; eyespots present or absent; occipital antenna present or absent. Peristomium reduced or well developed, not forming lateral wings. Nuchal organ with short median and long lateral ciliary bands, extending to chaetiger 2 or 3, sometimes an oval or U-shaped ciliated groove; metameric dorsal ciliated organs often present. Transverse ciliary bands present between bases of branchiae on some species. Branchiae from chaetiger 2, limited to anterior region of body or continuing to posterior end, partly fused or free to bases of anterior postchaetal notopodial lamellae and free on posterior lamellae. Ventral epidermal glands present or absent. Intensely pigmented with brown patches on prostomium, peristomium and branchiae, or/and spots scattered on dorsum continuing laterally and ventrally, or absent. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 present or absent; chaetiger 1 with or without notochaetae; with or without additional superior fascicle of long, capillaries from chaetiger 1 and continuing to middle chaetigers; notochaetae and anterior neurochaetae all capillaries. Neurochaetae include capillaries, hooded hooks; ventral sabre chaetae on middle and posterior chaetigers or absent. Hooded hooks bi-, tri-, or multidentate; hooks with a fang surmounted by unpaired or paired teeth; hooks with the hood closed, or completely or partially open. Pygidium with 2–4 anal cirri.</p><p>Remarks: Microspio was erected by Mesnil (1896) in order to include Spio mecznikowianus Claparède, 1869 . Mesospio was erected by Gravier (1911b) to include Mesospio moorei Gravier, 1911; later, Mesospio was synonymyzed with Microspio by Foster (1971). Microspio is very closely related to Spio, they are distinguished mainly by having branchiae present from the chaetiger 2 in Microspio and from chaetiger 1 in Spio . Currently, the genus is recognized as having 21 species. The last revision of Microspio was made by Maciolek (1990), who recognized 15 species as valid. Blake (1996) and Zhou et al. (2009) added two species, M. spinosa Blake, 1996 and M. multidentata Zhou, Ji &amp; Li, 2009 . Recently, Maciolek &amp; Blake (2021) described three new species, M. fischeri, M. lydonia and M. ariena, including comparative notes for all species in the genus.</p><p>Characters regarded as useful based on current information are the shape of the anterior margin of prostomium, presence or absence of caruncle, paired nuchal organs and occipital antenna, pigmentation in any part of the body, presence or absent of noto-lamellae and notochaetae on chaetiger 1, the starting and structure of hooded hooks, the shape of the nuchal organs, presence or absent of sabre chaetae, and the shape of pre- and postchaetal lamellae (Reish 1959; Blake &amp; Kudenov 1978; Blake 1983, 1984, 1996; Maciolek 1990, Zhou et al. 2009; Bick &amp; Meissner 2011; Maciolek &amp; Blake 2021). Nevertheless, all characters mentioned above have not been described for some species. Therefore, it would be useful to redescribe them using type material or material from type locality or close to, using both morphological and molecular characters but this is beyond the scope of this study.</p><p>Identification key to Microspio species</p><p>1. Prostomium rounded or straight on anterior margin; or broadly rounded, only very weakly incised in front; or conical..... 2</p><p>- Prostomium bilobed or bifid (deeply incised along anterior margin, producing two widely diverging lobes) on anterior margin .................................................................................................. 13</p><p>2. Prostomium conical on anterior margin................................................... M. maori Blake, 1984</p><p>- Prostomium rounded or straight, slightly flared on anterior margin.............................................. 3</p><p>3. Chaetiger 1 with notochaetae............................................................................ 4</p><p>- Chaetiger 1 without notochaetae........................................................................ 10</p><p>4. Eyes absent; four pairs branchiae present........................................ M. tetrabranchia Maciolek, 1990</p><p>- Eyes present; branchiae continuing nearly to the end of the body................................................ 5</p><p>5. Hooded hooks with two teeth............................................................................ 6</p><p>- Hooded hooks with three or more teeth.................................................................... 7</p><p>6. Prostomium rounded, slightly expanded at anterolateral margin; hooded hooks beginning on chaetigers 18–23..................................................................................... M. kussakini Chlebovitsch, 1959</p><p>- Prostomium anteriorly tapered; hooded hooks beginning on chaetigers 14–17.................. M. moorei (Gravier, 1911)</p><p>7. Hooded hooks with a fang surmounted by two unpaired teeth............................. M. hartmanae Blake, 1983</p><p>- Hooded hooks with a fang surmounted by paired teeth........................................................ 8</p><p>8. Prostomium broad anteriorly, with curved, slightly incised margin; posterior notopodia include only long capillaries...................................................................................... M. elegantula Blake, 1984</p><p>- Prostomium rounded or truncate; posterior notopodia with numerous needle-like capillaries providing a distinct spinous appearance to the posterior end............................................................................ 9</p><p>9. Prostomium rounded; hooded hooks with two single teeth surmounted by three pairs of apical teeth; pygidium with four anal cirri......................................................................... M. pigmentata (Reish, 1959)</p><p>- Prostomium truncate; hooded hooks with 2–3 single teeth surmounted by 1–2 pairs of apical teeth; pygidium with poorly developed cirri, if any....................................................... M. lydonia Maciolek &amp; Blake, 2021</p><p>10. Eyes absent; hooded hooks multidentate beginning on chaetiger 26................. M. multidentata Zhou, Ji &amp; Li, 2009</p><p>- Eyes present; hooded hooks uni-, bi-, or tridentate beginning on chaetiger 9–11................................... 11</p><p>11. Occipital antenna present................................................ M. occipitalis Hartmann-Schröder, 1983</p><p>- Occipital antenna absent............................................................................... 12</p><p>12. Hooded hooks tridentate.......................................................... M. rolasiana Augener, 1918</p><p>- Hooded hooks uni-, and bidentate...................................................... M. spinosa Blake, 1996</p><p>13. Chaetiger 1 with notochaetae........................................................................... 14</p><p>- Chaetiger 1 without notochaetae........................................................................ 15</p><p>14. Branchiae long and straplike; branchiae present on chaetigers 8–11; up to eight hooded hooks per fascicle............................................................................................ M. profunda Maciolek, 1990</p><p>- Branchiae short, elliptical, densely packed with large elongate glands; branchiae missing on chaetigers 8–11; up to four hooded hooks per fascicle......................................................... M. ariena Maciolek &amp; Blake, 2021</p><p>15. Occipital papilla present; notopodial lamellae on chaetiger 1 with two lobes......... M. granulata Blake &amp; Kudenov, 1978</p><p>- Occipital papilla absent; notopodial lamellae on chaetiger 1 with one lobe....................................... 16</p><p>16. Caruncle present..................................................................................... 17</p><p>- Caruncle absent or indistinct........................................................................... 18</p><p>17. Notopodial lamellae on chaetiger 1 present; hooded hooks multidentate; anterior hirsute capillaries.................................................................................................. M. microcera (Dorsey, 1977)</p><p>- Notopodial lamellae on chaetiger 1 absent; hooded hooks bidentate; anterior not hirsute capillaries............................................................................................ M. fischeri Maciolek &amp; Blake, 2021</p><p>18. Neuropodial lamellae on chaetiger 1 absent................................................................ 19</p><p>- Neuropodial lamellae on chaetiger 1 present............................................................... 20</p><p>19. Prostomium bifid (deeply incised along anterior margin, producing two widely diverging lobes); thickened capillaries arranged in a U shape on chaetigers 4–5 and notched notopodial capillaries present..................... M. paradoxa Blake, 1983</p><p>- Prostomium bilobed on anterior margin; thickened capillaries arranged in a U shape on chaetigers 4–5 and notched notopodial capillaries absent...................................................... M. minuta (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962)</p><p>20. Prostomium slightly incised on anterior margin; hooded hooks beginning on chaetiger 11; pygidium with two cirri............................................................................. M. mecznikowiana (Claparède, 1869)</p><p>- Prostomium bilobed on anterior margin; hooded hooks beginning on chaetiger 9; pygidium with four cirri.......................................................................................... M. atlantica (Langerhans, 1880)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D8019831D312EFF4B762EBCFDFE63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fonseca-González, Idalyd;Londoño-Mesa, Mario H.;Delgado-Blas, Víctor H.	Fonseca-González, Idalyd, Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., Delgado-Blas, Víctor H. (2022): Redescription of Microspio moorei (Gravier, 1911) (Annelida: Spionidae) with inclusion of a taxonomic key for all the species of the genus. Zootaxa 5120 (3): 334-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.3.2
039D8019831C3121FF4B75C3B844FD16.text	039D8019831C3121FF4B75C3B844FD16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microspio moorei (Gravier 1911)	<div><p>Microspio moorei (Gravier, 1911)</p><p>Figures 2A–G; 3A–K</p><p>Mesospio moorei Gravier, 1911a: 100–105, Plates VII, figs 80–83, VIII, 84–86.— Gravier, 1911b: 313.— Augener, 1932: 39–40.— Hartman, 1966: 17, Plate IV, figs 1–3.— Bellan, 1975: 789.— Blake, 1983: 241.— Sicinski et al. 2011: 35, Table 1: 37.</p><p>Microspio moorei Foster, 1971: 35 .— Maciolek, 1990: 1113–1115, Table 1.</p><p>Microspio cf. moorei Petti et al. 2006: 166, Table 1.— Sicinski et al. 2011: 37.</p><p>Microspio sp. Barbosa et al. 2010: 1158, Table 1.</p><p>Material examined. All samples collected in Fildes Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula; 62º12’31,32”S 58º57’45,86”W: UDEA: CEMUA: ANNE:001594 (8 specimens); 0.3 m depth, low tide. Coll. M. Londoño &amp; I. Fonseca. Feb. 24, 2017 . UDEA: CEMUA: ANNE:001595 (7); 0.3 m depth, low tide. Coll. M. Londoño &amp; I. Fonseca. Feb. 24, 2017 . UDEA: CEMUA: ANNE:001596 (2); 1.3 m depth low tide. Coll. M. Londoño &amp; I. Fonseca. Feb. 26, 2017 . UDEA: CEMUA: ANNE:001597 (9); 1.3 m depth low tide. Coll. M. Londoño &amp; I. Fonseca. Feb. 24, 2017 . UDEA: CEMUA: ANNE:001598 (3); 1.3 m depth low tide. Coll. M. Londoño &amp; I. Fonseca. Feb. 24, 2017 .</p><p>Description. Complete specimens with 4.1–12.3 mm long and 0.5–1.5 mm wide with 36–62 segments. In life and in alcohol, prostomium, peristomium, caruncle, and dorsum of first five chaetigers dark, subsequent segments with diminishing pigmentation, palps dark (Fig. 2A, B), ventral surface of first five segments with dark pigmentation, subsequent segments with pigmentation decreasing gradually, concentrated along midline up to chaetiger 12 (Fig. 2C); in life, specimens pink with visible blood vessel running inside the branchiae (Fig. 2D); ventral epidermal glands absent.</p><p>Prostomium broadly rounded and tapered anteriorly (Figs 2A, 3A), posteriorly narrow, tapered in a narrow caruncle reaching the base of chaetiger 2 (Fig. 3A), with slightly elevated keel near base of palps (Fig. 3A). Occipital tentacle absent. Two pairs of black eyespots arranged in trapezoid, anterior pair larger, crescent-shaped, widely spaced; posterior pair smaller, rounded, closely spaced (Figs 2A, B, D, 3A). Peristomium long, collar-like, partially enveloping prostomium and extending around base of palps, not forming lateral wings (Figs 2A, 3A, B), separated from chaetiger 1. Palps long, thick, extending to chaetigers 8–11; palps longitudinally grooved, with dark brown pigment along both sides, except basally (Figs 2B, D, E, 3B); palpal sheath short, smooth, fused to anterior base of palps (Fig. 2B, D).</p><p>Nuchal organs with medial ciliary bands around caruncle, extending to chaetiger 2, then turning laterally, with small gap between this and the second lateral band. From chaetiger 3, dorsum with two transverse rows of ciliated patches; the first row extending between branchial bases; the second row widely separated from the first, near segmental groove (Figs 2A, 3A), transverse rows of ciliated patches visible (Fig. 2A) up to around chaetiger 22.</p><p>Branchiae from chaetiger 2 to almost posterior end; the first pair of branchiae slightly shorter and thinner or as long as those on following chaetigers (Figs 2A, D, 3A, C); longest through mid-body region, reaching dorsal midline (Fig. 2A, E), then becoming very small; short posteriorly (Fig. 2F); branchiae partly fused at the base with notopodial postchaetal lamellae anteriorly (Figs 2A, B, 3A), increasingly separate from lamellae posteriorly, flattened, robust, elongate, distally rounded (Figs 2A, B, 3A), with long cilia on inner margin.</p><p>Notopodial postchaetal lamellae triangular, short on chaetiger 1; lamellae on chaetigers 2–8 small, subtriangular with rounded ventral edge (Figs 2A, E, 3A, C); thereafter becoming oval and slightly decreasing in size throughout the body (Fig. 2F). Notopodial prechaetal lamellae very short, rounded on chaetiger 1, robust, subtriangular on chaetigers 2–9 (Figs 2A, B, 3A, C); subsequent lamellae progressively decreasing in size, becoming round and smaller (Fig. 2F). Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae small, triangular on chaetiger 1 (Fig. 2E); subtriangular on chaetiger 2 (Figs 2E, 3B); subsequent neuropodial lamellae large, rounded, wider (Figs 2E, 3C), up to end of the body (Fig. 2F). Neuropodial prechaetal lamellae absent.</p><p>Notopodial capillary chaetae on chaetiger 1 longer, thinner and alimbate, arranged in one row; capillary chaetae from chaetiger 2 arranged in two rows; both rows with slightly granulated, striated, unilimbate chaetae (Fig. 3D); posterior row with very long and pointed chaetae. All chaetigers with an additional superior fascicle; anterior chaetigers with 4–7 long, granulated capillary chaetae (Fig. 3E); middle chaetigers with short, thin, smooth and alimbate chaetae; posterior chaetigers with slender, smooth, long and alimbate chaetae (Fig. 3K).</p><p>Neuropodial capillaries of chaetigers 1–3 arranged in one row; capillaries long, smooth, unilimbate; capillaries of subsequent chaetigers arranged in two rows, capillaries of both rows of same length, most dorsal capillaries stout, slightly granulated, striated and unilimbate (Fig. 3F); capillaries of ventral region slender, slightly granulated, unilimbate (Fig. 3G); inferior fascicle with 4–6 long, smooth, thin capillaries (Fig. 3H) in position of sabre chaetae usually present in most anterior chaetigers, around chaetiger 13 with granulate and long sabre chaetae (Fig. 3I), up to 3 per fascicle. Neuropodial hooded hooks (Fig. 3J) from chaetigers 14–17; up to 11 hooks per fascicle, accompanied by granulated, unilimbate capillaries in first chaetiger with hooks, thereafter only hooks. All hooks bidentate, with small tooth above main tooth (Fig. 3J). Pygidium long, with four short highly glandular digitate lobes surrounding the anal opening (Fig. 3K).</p><p>Methyl Green staining pattern. Body destains fairly rapidly; stain is retained briefly on anterior-most end of body. Anterior parapodial lamellae initially stain deeply but rapidly lose the stain.</p><p>Variation. The segments where the hooded hooks started varied from segment 14 in small specimens to segment 17 in the longest specimens.</p><p>A significant positive linear regression was found between the chaetiger where the hooded hooks first appeared and the body length (R 2 = 0.22474; Permutation p = 0.0031) (Fig. 4A). Specimens with an average length of 6.3 mm (SD±0.94) showed hooks starting on chaetiger 14, and as the body length increased, hooks first appeared on segments up to chaetiger 17 in individuals with a length close to 11 mm (SD±1.17).</p><p>Even though the statistical analysis was not significant (R 2 = 0.10305; Permutation p = 0.0653), it was also observed that in individuals with greater body width, hooded hooks first appeared on posterior segments, in such a way that specimens with a diameter greater than 1.1 mm (SD±0.30) had hooks starting in chaetiger 17 (Fig. 4B).</p><p>A multivariate regression analysis supports these results and shows that as the polychaetes grow in length and width, the chaetiger where the hooded hooks first appear is progressively later (R 2 = 0.2235; p(regr) = 0.01907).</p><p>Discussion. Specimens herein described become the only additional material that has been used for taxonomic purpose, since none of the recent material used for ecological studies from the type locality, Admiralty Bay, and identified as Microspio moorei (Sicinski 2004; Pabis &amp; Sicinski 2010a, b), Microspio cf. moorei (Petti et al. 2006), Microspio sp. (Barbosa et al. 2010), and Mesospio moorei (Sicinski et al. 2011), was available for checking their identity. Taxonomic information given by Hartman (1966) and Blake (1983) are based on the description by Gravier (1911a), and comparative notes by Maciolek &amp; Blake (2021) are based on the description by Blake (1983). The quantity of individuals obtained from Fildes Bay, adjacent to the type locality, were sufficient to evaluate the relationship between the segment where different types of chaetae first appear and the body length and number of segments presented by each complete individual. The original description, based on the holotype with 16 mm in length, considered chaetiger 15, where hooded hooks appear for the first time, as a character with taxonomic importance (Gravier, 1911a); nevertheless, regression analyses from additional material herein studied indicate that this character is size dependent, so increasing body length leads to hooded hooks occurring more posteriorly on the body (Fig. 4).</p><p>More analyses on ontogenetic development are needed to assess the physiological bases of this morphological variability in chaetation.</p><p>Type locality: Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula .</p><p>Distribution: This species has been identified only in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, in Admiralty Bay by Gravier (1911a, b), Sicinski (2004), Pabis &amp; Sicinski (2010a, 2010b), and in its different inlets (lagoons or fjord-like shaped bays), Mackellar, Martel, and Ezcurra (Barbosa et al. 2010), in Deception Island by Augener (1932), and in Fildes Bay, King George Island, in this study. From 0.3 m (this research) to 30 m depth (sensu Augener 1932).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D8019831C3121FF4B75C3B844FD16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fonseca-González, Idalyd;Londoño-Mesa, Mario H.;Delgado-Blas, Víctor H.	Fonseca-González, Idalyd, Londoño-Mesa, Mario H., Delgado-Blas, Víctor H. (2022): Redescription of Microspio moorei (Gravier, 1911) (Annelida: Spionidae) with inclusion of a taxonomic key for all the species of the genus. Zootaxa 5120 (3): 334-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.3.2
