identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039D87C2FF99FFE8FF43C106FA75FD04.text	039D87C2FF99FFE8FF43C106FA75FD04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sophonia Walker 1870	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Key to species of  Sophonia from India (modified from Meshram, 2017) </p>
            <p>1. Vertex as long as width between eyes..................................................................... 2</p>
            <p>- Vertex longer than width between eyes.................................................................... 5</p>
            <p>2. Male pygofer with processes............................................................................ 3</p>
            <p>- Male pygofer without processes.......................................................................... 4</p>
            <p> 3. Male pygofer with long ventral and short dorsal process..............................  S. bifida Viraktamath &amp; Wesley</p>
            <p> - Male pygofer with ventral process long, thin and apex pointed, without dorsal process.....................................................................................................  S. chandrai Meshram &amp; Ramamurthy</p>
            <p> 4 Pygofer caudal lobe broadly rounded, preatrium with pair of processes..........................  S. modesta (Distant)</p>
            <p> - Pygofer caudal lobe conically produced, preatrium without process.............................  S. submodesta sp.nov.</p>
            <p>5. Vertex and pronotum with either single or paired, black, longitudinal line(s) usually connected to black spot or spots near apex of vertex............................................................................................ 6</p>
            <p>- Vertex and pronotum without black median line or spot near apex; vertex sometimes with median, bright crimson streak or orange stripe........................................................................................ 12</p>
            <p> 6. Vertex with two rather oval, contiguous spots, each connected to longitudinal, black line; aedeagal shaft bifid..................................................................................................  S. linealis (Distant)</p>
            <p>- Vertex with single large, round, black spot at apex either connected to or short distance away from single or paired longitudinal line(s); aedeagal shaft not bifid.......................................................................... 7</p>
            <p>7. Median black line(s) on vertex not connected to apical round spot............................................... 8</p>
            <p>- Median, black line(s) of vertex connected to spot at apex..................................................... 9</p>
            <p> 8. Male pygofer without ventral or caudal process; aedeagus with each arm of dorsal apodeme bearing an elongate, caudally directed process..................................................................  S. longitudinalis (Distant)</p>
            <p> - Male pygofer with ventral process; aedeagus with each arm of dorsal apodeme bearing dorsally directed short, slender membranous process.................................................................  S. delhiensis Jat et al.</p>
            <p> 9. Vertex with single, median, black line; male pygofer process short and narrow, apophysis of style hooklike; apex of each arm of dorsal apodeme with three processes.........................................  S. keralica Viraktamath &amp; Wesley</p>
            <p>- Vertex with two median, black stripe(s); male pygofer process broad and long; apophysis of style beaklike; each arm of dorsal apodeme with process on dorsal margin.................................................................. 10</p>
            <p>10. Male pygofer process dorsal margin serrated, or with spinelike processes; aedeagus with process of dorsal apodeme exceeding width of shaft; aedeagal shaft with pair of long caudally directed processes...................................... 11</p>
            <p> - Male pygofer process not serrated; aedeagus with process of dorsal apodeme not exceeding width of shaft; processes of shaft short with basal short ventral tubercle............................................  S. bakeri Viraktamath &amp; Wesley</p>
            <p> 11. Male pygofer process dorsal margin serrated; process of dorsal apodeme exceeding width of shaft; shaft with pair of long caudally directed processes without any spine.................................  S. longicephala (Ahmed &amp; Mahmood)</p>
            <p> - Male pygofer process long, pointed apically with subapical lobe tridentate preceded by a single spine proximally; aedeagal shaft with a pair of caudally directed slender, elongate processes, in lateral view each with subapical spine at midlength........................................................................................  S. tridenta Meshram</p>
            <p>12. Male pygofer without processes; aedeagus with preatrial processes............................................. 13</p>
            <p>- Male pygofer with process; aedeagus without preatrial processes.............................................. 14</p>
            <p> 13. Aedeagus with preatrium longer than broad in lateral aspect; longer process of dorsal apodeme not divided; vertex with short median crimson streak in apical 0.66 but not reaching apex.....................................  S. insignis (Distant)</p>
            <p> - Aedeagus with preatrium broader than long, longer process of dorsal apodeme bifid; vertex with median crimson streak bifid near apex...............................................................  S. complexa Viraktamath &amp; Wesley</p>
            <p> 14. Vertex with median broad orange stripe anteriorly narrowed and continued posteriorly on pronotum; posterior half on pronotum broadened and blackish, scutellum blackish; pygofer process short, bladelike and pointed at apex; aedeagal shaft tubular with ventrally directed plate-like apical process................................................  S. illuminata (Distant)</p>
            <p>- Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum whitish yellow; pygofer process long, slender and elbowed; aedeagus not as above...... 15</p>
            <p> 15. Aedeagal shaft depressed, strongly curved anteriorly, apically expanded, and hood-like.....................................................................................................  S. complicata Viraktamath &amp; Wesley</p>
            <p>- Aedeagal shaft not as above............................................................................ 16</p>
            <p> 16. Male pygofer process glabrous without basal spine; aedeagus with complex dorsal apodeme arms winglike, each arm with dorsomedian recurved processes, caudal process directed posteriorly and caudoventral short digitate process, shaft apex with two posteriorly directed processes........................................................  S. intricata Meshram</p>
            <p> - Male pygofer process with basal spine; aedeagus membranous, dorsal apodeme with two arms well separated, winglike, each arm with dorsomedian processes curves caudally, caudal process directed anteriorly and in contact with dorsomedian, and caudoventral processes crossing over caudad of shaft, apex of shaft flared with two dorsally directed recurved processes.......................................................................................  S. vidarya Meshram</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87C2FF99FFE8FF43C106FA75FD04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jat, Monica;Meshram, Naresh M.;Dey, Debjani	Jat, Monica, Meshram, Naresh M., Dey, Debjani (2023): A new species of leafhopper genus Sophonia (Evacanthinae: Cicadellidae: Hemiptera) from India. Zootaxa 5375 (3): 439-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.3.7, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5375.3.7/52338
039D87C2FF9AFFEEFF43C16EFCDEFEDC.text	039D87C2FF9AFFEEFF43C16EFCDEFEDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sophonia submodesta Jat & Meshram & Dey 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Sophonia submodesta sp. n.</p>
            <p>Figs 1A–J.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Body yellow; scape of antenna completely concealed; hind tibial macrosetae AD 20±2, AV 12±1, PD 18±2 and femoral distal macrosetal formula is 2+1+1. Head slightly broader than pronotum. Vertex as long as wide between eyes.</p>
            <p>Description. Crown with area near ocelli golden yellow, without median longitudinal lines, compound eyes black. Forewing hyaline with large, round, black spot in second apical cell extending partly to first apical cell, with piceous stripe along anal margin rarely reaching claval apex, apical margin suffused with brown, without appendix, distally with three oblique stripes.</p>
            <p>Head slightly narrower than pronotum.Antennae located nearly with upper margin of eye in facial view. Crown fore margin transition with face, disc broadly concave with aberrant sculpturing anteriorly, about 1.1 times as long as wide, ocelli near lateral margins of crown, distance between eye and ocellus as diameter of ocellus. Pronotum 0.55× longer than broad and 0.81× longer than crown. Anteclypeus not exceeding ventral genal margin. Frontoclypeus broad with transverse arcuate ridges dorsally (Fig., 1D), face with distinct median carina at apex.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. Pygofer caudal lobe conical, with several macrosetae in posterior half and without process (Fig., 1F). Style slender, well-developed setose preapical lobe, apophysis with apex extended and beak like (Fig., 1E). Subgenital plate broader at base than at apex, exceeding pygofer, with oblique row of six macrosetae starting at basal 1/3 and ending at about distal 1/3 length, about four times as long as wide at base (Fig., 1H). Connective Y-shaped with stem more than three times as long as arms (Fig., 1G). Aedeagus with well-developed stout dorsal apodeme, without preatrium, Shaft cylindrical strongly dorsally curved near base, of uniform width in middle half length, slightly flated at apex with apical gonopore, two pairs of processes arising from dorsal apodeme at base between it and shaft, proximal pair is about 1/3 as long as shaft and lamellate, the slightly distal pair tubular, long strongly curved anteriorly and 1.5 times as long as shaft (Fig., 1 I, J).</p>
            <p>Holotype measurements (mm): Male 5.3 mm long, 0.7 mm between compound eyes, vertex 0.7 mm long, 1.2 mm wide across hind margin of pronotum.</p>
            <p>
                 Type material:   Holotype ♂ INDIA: Himachal Pradesh,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 77.16944/lat 30.864445)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=77.16944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.864445">Nauni</a>
                 (30º51’52”N, 77º10’10” E, altitude 1270 m), 09. ix. 2022, coll. Rajgopal, depository: NPC, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi. 
            </p>
            <p>Female unknown.</p>
            <p> Etymology. Species name is based on its similarity to  S. modesta . </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Sophonia submodesta sp. n. resembles  Sophonia modesta in external morphology and coloration but can be distinguished by (features of  S. modesta in parentheses) the conical pygofer caudal lobe, with several macrosetae in posterior half (pygofer caudal lobe rounded with a group of subapical macrosetae), the short preatrium without process (the preatrium with a pair of ventrocaudally directed processes), the style with well-developed setose preapical lobe (style with small and rounded preapical lobe), and the aedeagus basal process 1.5x as long as the aedeagal shaft (aedeagus basal process as long as shaft). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87C2FF9AFFEEFF43C16EFCDEFEDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jat, Monica;Meshram, Naresh M.;Dey, Debjani	Jat, Monica, Meshram, Naresh M., Dey, Debjani (2023): A new species of leafhopper genus Sophonia (Evacanthinae: Cicadellidae: Hemiptera) from India. Zootaxa 5375 (3): 439-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5375.3.7, URL: https://mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5375.3.7/52338
