taxonID	type	description	language	source
039C87E62F10115AFF1271C541C4FB33.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 A-C, 2 - 4)	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Lin, Chia-Wei, Ho, Ping-Ho (2018): Caridina heterodactyla Liang and Yan 1985. Zoological Studies 57 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826773
039C87E62F10115AFF1271C541C4FB33.taxon	description	Maenosono 2016: 39, figs. 1 - 3. Material examined: Taiwan: 1 male (16.8 × 12.7 mm) (NMNST), intertidal area, under rock in sand substrate, Lutao (= Green Island), Taiwan, coll. H. - D. Huang and H. - T. Hong, 30 March 2008; 1 male (13.3 × 9.3 mm) (NMMBCD 4084), 1 female (8.6 × 5.9 mm) (ZRC 2017.1042), under rocks, muddy substrate, northeastern cape, Taiwan, by SCUBA, coll. C. - W. Lin, 18 July 2014. Vanuatu: 1 male (14.5 × 10.3 mm) (ZRC 2017.189), station VM 53, intertidal reefs with soft and hard bottoms, east of Luganville Segond Channel, 15 ° 31 ' S 167 ° 11.9 ' E, Vanuatu, coll. Expédition SANTO 2006, 6 October 2006. Colour: The colour is striking and agrees very well with what was described by Bouvier (1915) and Maenosono (2016). The red colour on the branchial, cardiac and intestinal regions varies slightly in coverage and intensity of colour. In the male from Vanuatu, these areas are brighter red and covers more of the carapace (Fig. 1 C) compared to the Taiwanese ones (Figs. 1 A, B). Remarks: Maenosono (2016: 44) suggested that Heteropilumnus splendidus (De Man, 1929), may be a synonym of H. decharmoyi. De Man (1929: 10, pl. 1 fig. 3 - 3 c, pl. 2 fig. 3 d-f) described the species from two males (10.0 × 7.3 mm, 9.0 × 6.5 mm) and a female (9.4 × 6.5 mm) from Pulau Berhala in the Straits of Malacca and the general appearance and colour notes suggests that the two taxa are close. However, there are several differences that argue against synonymising the two species at this stage: in H. splendidus, the dorsal surface of the carapace is distinctly flatter in frontal view (cf. De Man 1929: pl. 1 fig. 3 c) (vs. gently convex and higher dorsal surface of carapace in H. decharmoyi, Fig. 2 E); the anterolateral margin is not distinctly cut into any low teeth or lobes (cf. De Man, 1929: pl. 1 fig. 3, 3 a) (vs. margin forming low teeth in H. decharmoyi, Fig. 2 A-D); and the male pleon is differently structured, with somite 3 proportionately less wide and the telson more semicircular in shape (cf. De Man 1929: pl. 2 fig. 3 d) (vs. somite 3 distinctly wider with the telson more elongate in H. decharmoyi, Fig. 3 B). Heteropilumnus decharmoyi is also superficially similar to H. satriai in external morphology and colour in life, and both species occur together in Taiwan. H. decharmoyi; however, can easily be separated because its long setae lining the carapace and pereopods are stiff and translucent (Figs. 1 A-C, 2 A) (vs. setae are more flexible and opaque in H. satriai, Figs. 1 D-F, 6 A, C); the posterolateral margins are less convergent towards the posterior carapace margin, giving the carapace a more rectangular appearance (Figs. 2 A-D) (vs. posterolateral margins sharply converging towards posterior carapace margin, with the carapace appearing more hexagonal in H. satriai, Figs. 5 A, B, 6 A-D); the ambulatory meri is proportionately shorter and stouter (Figs. 3 E-G) (vs. meri are proportionately longer and more slender in H. satriai, Figs. 5 G, 6 E, F); the median lobe of the posterior epistomal margin is approximately level with the lateral margins (Fig. 2 E) (vs. the median lobe protrudes anteriorly of the lateral margins in H. satriai, Figs. 5 C, 7 A, 8 A); the ischium of the third maxilliped is relatively short (Fig. 2 F) (vs. ischium is proportionately longer in H. satriai, Figs. 5 D, 7 B, 8 B); the adult male chelae are not swollen, but relatively slender (Figs. 3 C, D) (vs. adult male chelae distinctly inflated and stout in H. satriai, Figs. 5 E, 7 E, 8 E, F); the male pleon is relatively wider (Fig. 3 B) (vs. male pleon relatively narrower in H. satriai, Figs. 7 D, 8 D); and the G 1 is distinctly more sinuous, with the distal part relatively short and bent at around 45 ° from the horizontal (Figs. 4 A-C) (vs. G 1 relatively less sinuous with the distal part long and bent at almost 90 ° to the horizontal in H. satriai, Figs. 9 A-C, E-G). Distribution and ecology: The species was described from Mauritius (Bouvier 1915) but has been reported from Japan (Maenosono 2016), and now from Taiwan and Vanuatu.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Lin, Chia-Wei, Ho, Ping-Ho (2018): Caridina heterodactyla Liang and Yan 1985. Zoological Studies 57 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826773
039C87E62F10115EFC8477054691FE33.taxon	description	(Figs. 1 D-F, 5 - 9)	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Lin, Chia-Wei, Ho, Ping-Ho (2018): Caridina heterodactyla Liang and Yan 1985. Zoological Studies 57 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826773
039C87E62F10115EFC8477054691FE33.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype - male (19.3 × 13 mm) (MZB Cru 1668), station EA-D 11, rocky islet southeast of Pulau Laut, Natuna Island, Indonesia, coll. Anambas Expedition, 16 March 2002. Others - 1 male (11.1 × 8.2 mm) (NMMBCD 4085), under rock with sandy substrate, Hojie, Kentin, 21 ° 57.432 ' N 120 ° 42.631 ' E, southern Taiwan, by SCUBA, coll. C. - W. Lin, 8 July 2013; 1 male (18.3 × 13.0 mm) (ZRC 2017.1043), under rock with sand substrate, Houbihu, Kentin, Taiwan, by SCUBA, coll. C. - W. Lin, 8 June 2016; 2 females (16.1 × 11.9 mm, 6.8 × 5.4 mm), Lutao (= Green Island), southern Taiwan, by SCUBA, coll. C. - W. Lin, 24 June 2017; 1 female (11.4 × 8.2 mm) (NMMBCD 4086), under large rock, sand substrate, Lutao (= Green Island), southern Taiwan, by SCUBA, coll. C. - W. Lin, 16 August 2017. Colour: The colour and patterning in H. satriai in life is similar to that of H. decharmoyi except that the red patches on the ambulatory legs are relatively smaller and more uneven (Figs. 1 D, E). There is some variation in this species, from having the red colour cover most of the carapace (Fig. 1 D) to only covering less than half the surface (Fig. 1 E), to the carapace and pereopods being mostly yellowish-white with only small patches of orange in small specimens (Fig. 1 F). Remarks: This species was described from one male, which was parasitized by a rhizocephalan and collected from the Indonesian Natuna Islands in the South China Sea (Yeo et al. 2004). No colour notes were available at the time. The specimens from Taiwan now allow us a better understanding of its colour, morphological characters and variation. The teeth on the anterolateral margin of smaller specimens (e. g., 11.1 × 8.2 mm, NMMBCD 4085) are less well defined, with the lobes relatively lower (Fig. 6 B). In larger specimens (e. g., holotype male and male 18.3 × 13.0 mm, ZRC 2017.1043); the teeth are better defined and separated by more distinct clefts (Figs. 5 B, 6 D). The male pleon of the holotype male is atypical as the specimen was infected with a rhizocephalan (Fig. 6 F). The pleon of the uninfected males is more triangular, with the telson semicircular in shape (Figs. 7 C, D, 8 C, D). The G 1 of the present material varies slightly with size. In the larger male (18.3 × 13.0 mm, ZRC 2017.1043), the distal elongated part of the G 1 is gently curved to relatively straight (Figs. 9 A-C) whereas in the smaller male (11.1 × 8.2 mmm, NMMBCD 4085), it is gently sinuous with the tip gently curved upwards (Figs. 9 E-G). The form of the G 1 of the smaller male agrees very well with that figured by Yeo et al. (2004: fig. 1 e, f) for the holotype. The differences between H. satriai and H. decharmoyi have been discussed under the latter species. Heteropilumnus satriai is also similar to H. granulimanus Ward, 1933, described from one male measuring 12.0 × 9.0 mm from the Capricorn Group of islands in Queensland, Australia. In H. granulimanus; however, the frontal margin is more truncate with the two lobes separated by a narrow fissure (Ward 1933: pl. 2 fig. 3) (vs. the two frontal lobes separated by a distinct V-shaped cleft in H. satriai, Figs. 5 B, 6 B, D); the granules on the outer surface of the chela are more rounded, densely packed and arranged in rows (Ward 1933: pl. 2 fig. 4) (vs. the granules are rounded to conical and distributed evenly on surface in H. satriai, Figs. 5 E, 7 E); and the male telson is relatively wider (Ward 1933: pl. 2 fig. 4) (vs. less wide in in H. satriai, Figs. 7 C, D). Distribution: The species was described from the Natunas Islands in Indonesia, in the South China Sea (Yeo et al. 2004), and is now recorded from Taiwan.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Lin, Chia-Wei, Ho, Ping-Ho (2018): Caridina heterodactyla Liang and Yan 1985. Zoological Studies 57 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826773
039C87E62F141157FCAE72054711FFD3.taxon	description	(Figs. 10 - 13)	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Lin, Chia-Wei, Ho, Ping-Ho (2018): Caridina heterodactyla Liang and Yan 1985. Zoological Studies 57 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826773
039C87E62F141157FCAE72054711FFD3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 male (8.4 × 6.5 mm) (NMMBCD 4087), under coral rubble, in coral reef, Hojie, Kentin, 21 ° 57.432 ' N 120 ° 42.631 ' E, southern Taiwan, by SCUBA, coll. C. - W. Lin, 8 July 2013. (A) (C) (B) (D) (B) (C) (A) (D) Remarks: This species was described from one male 8.0 × 6.1 mm collected from the South China Sea. This is only the second record of the species and the first from Taiwan. The present specimen agrees well with the descriptions and figures in Ng et al. (1997), except that the distal part of the G 1 is slightly longer (Figs. 3 A-C). In life, the species is a uniform reddish-brown on all its dorsal surface, with the setae yellowishbrown. The fingers of chela are pigmented light brown with the tips white. Distribution: The species was described from the Nansha Islands in the South China Sea (Ng et al. 1997) and now from southern Taiwan.	en	Ng, Peter K. L., Lin, Chia-Wei, Ho, Ping-Ho (2018): Caridina heterodactyla Liang and Yan 1985. Zoological Studies 57 (12): 1-17, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2018.57-12, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826773
