taxonID	type	description	language	source
039C87AA381CD63D97B92EB0FA9BCF5A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype: RMNH. CRUS. D. 790, 1 male, 16.5 × 16.5 mm, Nagasaki, Kyushu, Japan, coll. H. Bürger, 1825 – 1834. Paralectotypes: RMNH. CRUS. D. 56126, 1 female, 19.2 × 19.2 mm, 3 individuals (sex unknown), 20.3 × 19.9, 21.1 × 21.1 mm, data same as lectotype. Additional material. Japan: USNM 26280, 1 male, 21.1 × 21.1 mm, 1 female, 21.2 × 21.2 mm, 1 ovig. female, 19.9 × 20.3 mm, Nagasaki, Hizen, Kyushu, coll. Jordan & Snyder, 1900. — USNM 45833, 1 ovig. female, 19.7 × 20.2 mm, Nagasaki, Kyushu, exchange with Imperial Tokyo University. — NSMT-Cr 8371, 1 female, 16.7 × 16.2 mm, Ariake Sea, Kyushu, coll. Sep. 1958. — NSMT-Cr 8200, 1 male, 19.9 × 19.1 mm, Ariake, Kyushu, coll. N. Yoshikawa, 15 June 1982. — NSMT-Cr 8009, 1 male, 16.5 × 15.6 mm, off Jogajima, coll. E. Tsuchida, 11 Mar. 1982. — USNM 1199103, 1 male, Shizuoka, Suruga Bay, Seno Umi, Albatross, stn. D. 3702, 7 May 1900. — USNM 63676, 1 ovig. female, 26.3 × 25.9 mm, Misaki, Japan, coll. A. S. Pearse (bought from Kuma-san), 1930. — NSMT- Cr 3839, 1 female, 24.5 × 23.3 mm, Mikawa-Isshiki, Mikawa Bay, coll. 15 Jan. 1966. — USNM 134198, 19.6 × 18.5 mm, 8.8 mi off Nomasaki, Honshu Island, stn. Alb. D- 3725, 13 faths. (ca. 23.8 m), 15 May 1900. — RUMF- ZC- 2574, 1 female, 12.6 × 9.9 mm, Takehara City, Hiroshima, 15 m, coll. D. Uyeno, 14 Oct. 2007. — NSMT-Cr 4397, 2 males, ca 25.9 × 25.1 mm, 1 female, 28.2 × 27.2 mm, Mimase, Kochi, coll. Y. Koyama, 11 May 1973. — USNM 18873, 1 female, 13.2 × 13.1 mm, Japan, coll. Mr. Sakamoto (passed through Garrett Droppers). Korea: MADBK 171803 - 017, 1 male, 30.3 × 28.7 mm, 1 female, 22.0 × 21.9 mm, Jinhae-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 1 Aug. 1968. — MADBK 171803 - 016, 1 male, 30.1 × 30.8 mm, 2 ovig. female, 29.8 × 30.2, 30.8 × 30.2 mm, Namcheon-dong, Suyeong-gu, Busan, 10 July 1968. China: ZRC 2002.0495, 4 males, 27.2 × 26.7 — 31.0 × 29.8 mm, 1 ovig. female, 31.6 × 31.8 mm, Tuandao, off Qindao, coll. P. K. L. Ng via fishermen, 23 – 28 Aug. 2002. — USNM 57771, 2 males, 23.9 × 24.8, 31.7 × 31.1 mm, 1 female, 32.1 × 35.1 mm, 1 juv. female (damaged), Tsimei (= Jimei, Fujian), coll. S. F. Light, June 1923. Taiwan: ZRC 1997.0382, 1 male, 18.3 × 16.7 mm, Donggang, Pingtung, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 5 Aug. 1996.	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA381CD63D97B92EB0FA9BCF5A.taxon	description	Redescription. Carapace rounded, dorsal surface covered somewhat sparsely by columnar granules, granules larger at gastric to intestinal regions (Figs. 1 a, 2, 3 a); pterygostomial, subepatic regions evenly covered with rounded granules (Fig. 2 b). Front divided into 2 triangular lobes by obtuse triangular gap, lobes not strongly produced, weakly rounded in some large individuals (Figs. 1 a, 2 a). Carapace with subhepatic, anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, posterior, intestinal spines. Anterolateral spines smallest, followed in size by subhepatic spine, other spines of almost same length. Only branchiocardiac groove distinct. Antennular fossae oblique, antenna excluded from antenular fossa by plate extended from posterior margin of antennullar basal segment, plate with triangular lobe anteriorly, seta posteriorly. Mesial end of infraorbital margin forming dorsoventrally compressed, sharp, triangular spine. Anteromesial corner of pterygostomial region, anterolateral margin of buccal cavern forming laterally compressed triangular spines fitting distal part of exopod of closed mxp 3; distance between spines relatively narrow due to slender exopod of mxp 3. Eyes fitting within orbit, only corneal part slightly exposed. Mxp 3 (Figs. 2 b, 3 b) sparsely covered with rounded granules; merus length about two-fifths of ischium; ischium, merus each with longitudinal groove on mesial third, half; female merus with longitudinal row of setae along longitudinal groove. Exopod narrowed at level of proximal two-fifths of merus, gap between narrowed part of exopod, merus thus fitting triangular spine of anterolateral margin of buccal cavern. Thoracic sternites 4 – 7 (Fig. 1 b) covered with rounded granules; granulation sparser than pterygostomial region. Sternal button of abdominal holding on anterior end of thoracic sternite 5 at lateral slope of thoracic cavity, button fitting proximolateral cup of somite 6. Penis coxal. Vulva on mesial end of thoracic suture 5 / 6, on somite 6 but extending mesial end of suture 5 / 6 anteriorly (Fig. 6); posterolateral part of vulva swollen; opening narrowed laterally, entire mesially. Chelipeds (Fig. 2 a) moderately long, subequal. Merus slender, shorter than chela, entirely covered with rounded granules, granules smaller on lower surface. Carpus, palm sparsely covered with minute granules, carpus smooth without knob on external margin. Fingers slender, gape absent when closed, with 14 – 18 almost equidistantly placed, small teeth with much smaller teeth throughout. Ambulatory legs slender; merus longest of articles, covered with minute rounded granules. Carpus, propodus covered with minute granules. Dactylus mesiolateraly depressed in cross-section, with sharp keels on mid-lines of mesial, lateral surfaces, keel on lateral surface flanked by rows of setae. Abdomen (Fig. 1 b) with sparse, rounded granules; somites 3 – 5 fused, with proximolateral protuberances on external surface, each protuberance not distinctly larger than central part between two protuberances. Lateral margins of somite 6 convex in large individuals. G 1 (Figs. 4 a – c, 5) slender, nearly straight, slightly curved dorsally in mesial view; distal part only slightly upcurved in mesial view, lateral margin wrapping onto mesial margin submedially, forming pipe-like opening. G 2 (Fig. 4 d) short, opening facing dorsally in situ. Coloration. Body and cheliped merus pinkish dorsally, with a pair of reddish lines and semicircular marks on the dorsal surface (Takeda et al. 2011: fig. 9 – 26). Geographical distribution. Japan (Pacific coast: from Sagami Bay to Kochi; Kyushu: Ariake, Nagasaki [type locality]); Korea (Namcheon-dong, Jinhae-gu); China (Qingdao; Tsimei; Fukien; Hangzhou; Kwangtung; Cheung Chau Island, Hong Kong); Taiwan (Donggang). (De Haan 1844; Shen 1931; Sakai 1937; Miyake 1983; Huang 1989; present study).	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA381CD63D97B92EB0FA9BCF5A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Arcania undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, was described from material collected at Nagasaki, western Kyushu, Japan. Yamaguchi & Baba (1993) and Fransen et al. (1997) listed 15 syntypes, of which five specimens are preserved in ethanol and the rest are dried. The ethanol-preserved specimens comprise three males (two of which are confirmed by the presence of fragmented male thoracic sternites), one female, and one individual (sex unknown). Yamaguchi & Baba (1993) indicated that the ethanol-preserved lot contained a lectotype and paralectotypes, but they did not note nor indicate which individual was selected as lectotype. Since Yamaguchi & Baba’s (1993) lectotype designation is invalid, the lectotype is here designated for a male (RMNH. CRUS. D. 790; 16.5 × 16.5 mm) form the ethanol-preserved specimens (Figs. 1, 4). The lectotype is in a relatively good condition, allowing the observation of the G 1 (Fig. 4 a – c). Arcania undecimspinosa is characterized by a rounded carapace (Figs. 1 a, 2, 3 a), front with triangular lobes with an almost regular triangular gap between the lobes (Figs. 1 a, 2 a, 3 a), distinct marginal spines in the carapace (Figs. 1 a, 2 a, 3 a), dorsal surface of the carapace being rather sparsely covered by columnar granules (granules larger from gastric to intestinal regions) (Fig. 2 b), almost straight G 1 with pipe-like distal end (Figs. 4 a – c, 5) and a vulva consisting of a narrowed lateral end and with an entire mesial margin (Fig. 6).	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA381AD62997B92FA9FD29CCD2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. NMCR 39101, male, 27.1 × 25.7 mm, Maribojoc Bay, Bohol, Philippines, coll. J. Arbasto, Nov. 2003 to Aug. 2004. Paratypes. Philippines: NSMT-Cr 13007, 1 male, 20.8 × 19.7, 1 female, 24.9 × 23.5 mm, Balicasag I., Bohol, coll. T. Kase, Sept. 1998. — MNHN-IU- 2013 - 13314, 9 males, 18.1 × 16.4 — 25.4 × 25.0 mm, 6 females, 22.4 × 20.7 – 24.5 × 23.5 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, 50 – 500 m, tangle net, coll. local fishermen, 28 Nov. 2001. — MNHN-IU- 2013 - 13315, 6 males, 22.3 × 21.2 – 25.1 × 23.9 mm, 4 females, 27.9 × 27.3 – 23.0 x 23.0 mm, 2 ovig. females, 25.2 × 24.8, 23.4 × 21.2 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, 50 – 500 m, tangle net, coll. local fishermen, 28 Nov. 2001. — ZRC 2008.0098, 7 males, 24.8 × 23.5 – 28.9 × 28.1 mm, 2 females, 16.8 × 17.2, 20.5 × 19.0 mm, 4 ovig. females, 24.0 × 22.9 – 26.0 × 25.7 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, 200 – 300 m, coll. local fishermen, June 2002. — ZRC 2012.0493, 3 males, 21.3 × 18.9 – 23.2 × 21.9 mm, 5 females, 24.5 × 22.1 – 28.5 × 26.4 mm, 6 ovig. females, 24.0 × 22.1 – 27.1 × 25.7, Balicasag Island, Bohol, coll. local fishermen, June 2002. — NSMT-Cr 15794, 4 males, 20.3 × 19.3 – 26.0 × 23.9 mm, 2 females, 23.7 × 22.5, 25.9 × 24.8 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, tangle nets, coll. M. Takeda, M. Manuel-Santos & H. Komatsu, Feb. 2003. — ZRC 2012.0620, 5 males, 21.0 × 19.8 mm, 3 females, 24.3 × 22.6 – 28.5 × 27.3 mm, 3 ovig. females, 24.7 × 23.8 – 30.3 × 29.0 mm, same data as holotype. — ZRC 2012.0507, 7 males, 19.6 × 18.2 – 24.7 × 23.0 mm, 4 females, 14.4 × 14.6 – 23.2 × 21.9 mm, 3 ovig. females, 21.4 × 20.6 – 25.1 × 24.1 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, coll. local fishermen, Nov. 2003. — ZRC 2012.0619, 4 males, 20.6 × 19.6 – 24.9 x 23.2 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, coll. local fishermen, Dec. 2003. — ZRC 2013.0376, 1 female, 25.0 × 24.9 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, Apr. 2004. — RUMF-ZC- 2355, 2 males, 22.3 × 20.0, 24.2 × 23.6 mm, 1 ovig. female, 28.0 × 25.5 mm, Balicasag, Bohol, Jan. 2004. — RUMF-ZC- 2356, 1 female, 27.5 × 25.9 mm, Balicasag, Bohol, Feb. 2004. — ZRC 2001.0487, 2 males, 19.3 × 17.8, 21.8 × 20.0 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, Apr. 2004. — ZRC 2012.0481, 1 male, 19.6 × 19.3 mm, 1 female, 22.7 × 21.5 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, 29 May 2004. — ZRC 2008.0088, 1 male, 30.2 × 29.3 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, 29 May 2004. — ZRC 2012.0614, 7 males, 20.4 × 18.5 mm, 4 females, 18.1 × 17.8 – 27.0 × 24.8 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, coll. local fishermen, 31 May 2004. — ZRC 2012.0506, 2 males, 27.4 × 25.3, 27.2 × 24.3 mm, Pamilacan Island, Bohol, PANGLAO 2004, stn. P 5, ca. 100 m, 3 June 2004. — NMCR 39102, 3 males, 23.7 × 21.4 – 28.1 × 24.4 mm, 4 females, 23.2 × 21.6 – 26.2 × 24.4 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, coll. J. Arbasto, May 2004. — ZRC 2012.0615, 1 male, 27.9 × 24.5 mm, Bohol Island, Cortes, PANGLAO 2004, stn. T 17, 132 – 137 m, 19 June 2004. — ZRC 2012.0482, 3 males, 21.1 × 18.7 – 21.6 x 20.7 mm, 1 female, 21.1 × 20.0 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, Nov. 2004. Additional material. Japan: KMNH IvR 400,102, 1 male, 17.6 × 17.4 mm, stn. 540, near Kyoga-saki, 123 m, 25 Aug. 1929; KMNH IvR 400,104, 1 male, 21.8 × 20.7 mm, stn. 451, west of Goto Islands, 187 m, 22 July 1929. — USNM 17660, 1 female (damaged), Kagoshima Bay, Kyushu, 31.6375 130.7806, Northwestern Pacific Expedition, stn. 4944, Albatross, 17 Aug. 1906. — NSMT-Cr 6368, 1 male, 19.8 × 19.2 mm, Kamiura, Kushimoto, Wakayama, 40 – 70 m, dredge, coll. S. Nagai. — WMNH-Na-Cr- 0186, 2 males, 21.3 × 19.9, 16.2 × 16.1 mm, Kamiura, Kii Kushimoto, 60 m, coll. S. Nagai. — KMNH IvR 400,105, 1 male, 18.4 × 19.1 mm, Tosa, Kochi, coll. unknown, 16 Jan. – 14 Feb. 1963. — NSMT-Cr 13220, 2 males, 20.5 × 19.6, 22.1 × 21.3 mm, 2 females, 28.2 × 26.2, 28.4 × 26.0 mm, 2 ovig. females, 25.9 × 23.8, 34.5 × 33.0 mm, 1 juvenile, 13.2 × 13.3 mm, Saga Fishing Port, Kochi, 100 – 150 m, coll. T. Kubodera, 24 Nov. 1999. — RUMF-ZC- 2573, 1 female, 28.0 × 26.3 mm, Tosa-saga, Kochi, Japan, coll. D. Uyeno, 11 May 2006. — RUMF-ZC- 2364, 7 males, 20.8 × 19.9 – 28.6 × 26.2 mm, 5 ovig. females, 20.7 × 20.8 – 29.7 × 28.2 mm, Tosa-Saga Fishing Port, Kochi, coll. T. Naruse, D. Ueno & Y. Ota, 7 July 2009. Korea: KMNH IvR 400,103, 1 female, 21.3 × 20.6 mm, stn. 454, east of Jeju Island (as “ Saishu-to ”), 113 m, 23 July 1929. Taiwan: NTOU B 00100, 1 female, 29.2 × 28.4 mm, Dasi, Ilan, coll. H. - P. Yu, 3 Feb. 1983. — ZRC 1997.0386, 1 male, 21.0 × 17.3 mm, Taichi fishing port, Ilan, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 3 – 4 Aug. 1996. — NTOU B 00101, 1 male, 19.2 × 17.3 mm, Donggang, Kaohsiung, coll. 25 Mar. 1996. — NTOU B 00102, 1 male, 20.7 × 19.8 mm, Donggang, Kaohsiung, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 30 May 1997. — ZRC 2001.0042, 1 male, 25.6 × 22.5 mm, Donggang, Kaohsiung, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 6 Nov. 2000. Philippines: ZRC 2009.0266, 1 male, 27.8 × 24.7 mm, Aurora, Luzon Island, stn. CC 2746, 220 m, 2 June 2007. — USNM 1192283, 1 male, 22.3 × 21.4 mm, 1 female, 14.8 × 13.7 mm, S Calach Town, Balayan Bay, Batangas, 219 – 238 m., TR MB. acc. No. 322873, coll. 19 July 1966.	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA381AD62997B92FA9FD29CCD2.taxon	description	Description. Carapace rounded, with anterior half less convex anterolaterally, dorsal surface densely, uniformly covered with conical granules (Figs. 7, 8 a, 9); pterygostomial, subhepatic regions evenly covered with rounded granules (Fig. 8 b). Front divided into 2 triangular lobes by acute triangular gap (gap slightly obtuse in large individuals), lobes strongly produced anteriorly, with acute tip (Figs. 7 a, 8 a, 9). Carapace with subhepatic, anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, posterior, intestinal spines. Anterolateral spines smallest, followed in size by subhepatic spine, lateral, posterolateral, intestinal spines subequal, posterior spine longest; intestinal spine sometimes smaller than lateral-posterolateral spines, distal end of intestinal spines much shorter than distal end of posterior spines in dorsal view, small individuals with relatively longer intestinal spines, tip almost reaching tips of posterior spines in dorsal view. Posterior spines with dorsoventrally compressed, wide bases. Branchiocardiac, cardiointestinal grooves distinct. Antennular fossae oblique, basal antennular segment with acutely triangular lobe, setum on distoposterior margin. Mesial end of infraorbital margin forming sharp triangular spine. Anteromesial corner of pterygostomial region, anterolateral margin of buccal cavern forming laterally compressed triangular, sharp spines fitting distal part of exopod of closed mxp 3; distance between spines moderate despite of slender mxp 3 exopod. Eyes fitting within orbit, only corneal part slightly exposed. Mxp 3 (Figs. 7 b, 8 b) covered with rounded granules; merus about two-fifths of ischium; ischium, merus each with longitudinal groove on mesial third, half; female merus with longitudinal row of setae along longitudinal groove. Exopod narrowed at level of proximal half of merus, gap between narrowed part of exopod, merus thus fitting triangular spine of anterolateral margin of buccal cavern. Thoracic sternites 4 – 7 (Fig. 8 b) covered with rounded granules; granulation about equal to pterygostomial region. Sternal button of abdominal holding on anterior end of thoracic sternite 5 at lateral slope of thoracic cavity, button fitting proximolateral cup of somite 6. Penis coxal. Vulva on mesial end of thoracic suture 5 / 6, placed on somite 6, narrow, elliptical, lightly oblique, no sternal cover (Fig. 11). Chelipeds (Figs. 7 a, 9) long, subequal. Merus as long as chela, entirely covered with granules. Carpus, palm covered with minute granules, carpus without knob on external margin. Fingers slender, gape absent when closed, with 8 – 10 almost equidistantantly placed small teeth with much smaller teeth throughout. Ambulatory legs slender, merus longest of articles, covered with minute granules. Carpus, propodus covered with minute granules. Dactylus with low keels on mid-lines of mesial, lateral surfaces, keel on lateral surface flanked by rows of setae. Abdomen (Fig. 8 b) with rounded granules; somites 3 – 5 fused, with proximolateral protuberances on external surface, each protuberance higher, slightly wider than central part between two protuberances. Lateral margins of somite 6 slightly convex. G 1 (Fig. 10 a – c) slender, straight, slightly curved dorsally in mesial view; distal part only slightly upcurved in mesial view, lateral margin wrapping onto mesial surface, distal end oblique. G 2 (Fig. 10 d) short, opening facing dorsally in situ. Variation. Carapace is slightly more rounded in large individuals, which makes carapace spines proportionally smaller than those in smaller individuals. The intestinal spine of small individuals sometimes reaching beyond the tips of posterior spines in dorsal view. Coloration. Frontal, gastric to epibranchial regions reddish, other part of carapace and chelipeds orange (Fig. 9). Geographical distribution. Philippines (Bohol [type locality]; Aurora; Batangas); Japan (Pacific coast: Kushimoto, Kochi; Sea of Japan, Kyoga-saki; Kyushu, W Goto Islands; Kagoshima); Korea (Jeju Island); Taiwan (Dasi; Donggang). Etyomology. The species name is derived from the Latin cornigera (= horned), alluding the produced, hornlike frontal lobes.	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA381AD62997B92FA9FD29CCD2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Based on the material examined, the geographical distribution of A. cornigera n. sp. overlaps with the other three congeners studied (A. undecimspinosa, A. elongata and A. tropicalis n. sp.). Arcania cornigera n. sp. can be distinguished from the three species by several key characters listed in Table 1. Arcania cornigera n. sp. is best distinguished by its very sharp frontal lobes (Figs. 7 a, 8 a, 9), the proportionally long cheliped merus (Fig. 7 a, 8; also see “ Morphometric analysis ”), straight G 1 with sharply oblique distal end (Figs. 10 a – c), and narrow, elliptical vulvae without sternal cover (Fig. 11). Chen (1989) provided a photograph of a male “ A. undecimspinosa ” (pl. 2, fig. 4, 11.0 × 10.2 mm). The only specimen with the size of “ 11.0 × 10.2 mm ” listed in her examined material was collected from the northeast of Lubang Island, Philippines. Its very sharp frontal lobes are closer to the condition of A. cornigera n. sp., although the photographed specimen has a long intestinal spine that exceeds the level of the tip of posterolateral spines. Closer-sized small specimens of A. cornigera n. sp. (e. g. KMNH IvR 400,102, 17.6 × 17.4 mm) tend to have relatively longer intestinal spine than in fully-grown specimens (e. g. NMCR 39101, 27.1 × 25.7 mm, Fig. 7 a). Chen (1989) also illustrated the G 1 of “ A. undecimspinosa ” (without specifying the size and collection data of the specimen), and its morphology is similar to relatively small specimens of A. cornigera n. sp. (e. g. NTOU B 00102, 20.7 × 19.8 mm), which suggests that at least the illustrated specimen (s) of Chen (1989) are referable to A. cornigera n. sp.	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA381AD62997B92FA9FD29CCD2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Japan: ZRC 2005.0068, 12 males, 17.6 × 17.4 – 26.1 × 21.7 mm, 5 females, 23.9 × 22.0 – 29.3 × 22.0 mm, 4 ovig. females, 18.3 × 18.7 – 23.7 × 22.6 mm, Tomioka, Amakusa, Kyushu, coll. J. C. Y. Lai & S. Arakaki from local fishermen, 3 Sep. 2003. — NSMT-Cr 3559, 1 male, 18.6 × 17.0 mm, 2 females, 20.1 × 19.3, 27.7 × 24.7 mm, Mikawa-Isshiki, coll. 9 Nov. 1962. — NSMT-Cr 5812, 1 ovig. female, 18.7 × 17.7 mm, 1 juvenile, 7.9 × 8.2 mm, Kushimoto, Wakayama, stn. 13, coll. M. Takeda, 17 July 1978. — NSMT-Cr 3842, 1 male, 24.4 × 22.5 mm, Tanabe Bay. — NSMT-Cr 22338, male, 30.3 × 26.4 mm, off Irino, Tosa Bay, Kochi, 50 – 100 m, coll. I. Soyama, 29 Jan. 1988. — NSMT-Cr 10041, 1 male, ca. 30.4 × 26.8 mm, 1 female, 31.2 × 27.4 mm, same data as NSMT-Cr 22338. — NSMT-Cr 22339, 2 males, 22.6 × 20.0, 25.5 × 23.0 mm, 4 females, 18.9 × 18.1 – 31.4 × 26.9 mm, Saga Fishing Port, Kochi, 100 – 150 m, coll. T. Kubodera, 24 Nov. 1999. — RUMF-ZC- 1100, 2 males, 21.1 × 18.7, ca. 25 × 26.5 mm, 7 females, 22.5 × 19.8 – 31.5 × 29.0 mm, 1 ovig. female, 31.4 × 29.7 mm, Tosa-Saga Fishing Port, Kochi, coll. T. Naruse, D. Ueno & Y. Ota, 7 July 2009. — WMNH-Na-Cr- 0187, 1 female, dry, 24.1 × 20.8 mm, off Kochi, 40 m, coll. S. Nagai. — NSMT-Cr 10037, 1 ovig. female, 32.3 × 29.6 mm, East China Sea, coll. T. Miura, 3 July 1985. Taiwan: NTOU B 00108, 1 female, 28.8 × 26.4 mm, Penghu, coll. T. - Y. Chan, 9 Oct. 1984. — NTOU B 00106, 1 ovig. female, 27.4 × 25.8 mm, Dasi, Yilan, Y. Wong, 6 Apr. 1986. — NTOU B 00103, 1 male, 24.1 × 21.1 mm, Dasi, Yilan, coll. J. - F. Huang, 1 Apr. 1989. — NTOU B 00105, 1 male, 24.5 × 20.1 mm, Dasi, Yilan, coll. J. F. Huang, 24 Oct. 1992. — NTOU B 00110, 1 male, 23.4 × 20.1 mm, Dasi, coll. S. - H. Wu, 21 Aug. 1997. — NTOU B 00107, 1 ovig. female, 33.5 × 29.4 mm, Dasi, Yilan, S. - H. Wu, 4 Dec. 1997. — NTOU B 00104, 1 male, 28.4 × 23.8 mm, Dasi, Yilan, coll. C. - W. Lin, 2 Nov. 1998. — NTOU B 00109, 1 ovig. female, 32.0 × 30.3 mm, Donggang, Pingtung, coll. 18 Dec. 1999. — ZRC 2014.0014, 1 female, 23.7 × 21.2 mm, Donggang, Pingtung, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 5 Aug. 1996. — NMMBCD 4025, 1 male, 22.2 × 19.6 mm, Kezailiao fishing port, Kaohsiung, 25 Apr. 2013.	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA381AD62997B92FA9FD29CCD2.taxon	description	Redescription. Carapace elliptical, longer than wide, dorsal surface evenly covered by columnar granules (Figs. 12, 13 a, 14); pterygostomial, subepatic regions evenly covered with rounded granules (Fig. 12 b). Front divided into 2 triangular lobes by obtuse triangular gap, tip of lobes moderately acute (Figs. 12 a, 13 a, 14). Carapace with subhepatic, anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, posterior, intestinal spines. Anterolateral spines smallest, followed in size by subhepatic spine, length of other spines subequal; distal end of intestinal spines exceeding those of posterior spines. Intestinal, cardiac, branchial regions divided by shallow grooves. Antennular fossae oblique, antenna excluded from antenular fossa by triangular, thin plate. Mesial end of infraorbital margin forming dorsoventrally compressed, sharp, triangular spine. Anteromesial corner of pterygostomial region, anterolateral margin of buccal cavern forming laterally compressed triangular spines fitting closed exopod of mxp 3; distance between spines relatively narrow due to slender mxp 3 exopod. Eyes fitting orbit, only corneal part slightly exposed. Mxp 3 (Fig. 13 b) sparsely covered with rounded granules; merus length about two-fifths of ischium; each with longitudinal groove on mesial third, half. female merus with longitudinal row of setae along longitudinal groove. Exopod narrowed at level of proximal two-fifths of merus, gap between narrowed part of exopod, merus thus fitting triangular spine of anterolateral margin of buccal cavern. Thoracic sternites 4 – 7 (Fig. 13 b) covered with rounded granules; granulation almost same as pterygostomial region. Sternal button of abdominal holding on anterior end of thoracic sternite 5 at lateral slope of thoracic cavity, button fitting proximolateral cup of somite 6. Penis coxal. Vulva on mesial end of thoracic suture 5 / 6, placed on somite 6, narrowed laterally, with distinct sternal cover on anterolateral corner (Fig. 17). Chelipeds moderately long, subequal (Fig. 14). Merus slightly slender, shorter than chela, covered by rounded granules except for distoflexor part. Carpus sparsely covered with minute granules on upper surface, without knob from external margin. Palm with scattered, minute granules on outer, inner surfaces; fingers slender, gape absent when closed, with 7 – 9 almost equidistantantly placed small teeth over distal three-quarters, much smaller teeth throughout. Ambulatory legs slender, merus longest of articles, covered with minute rounded granules. Carpus with granules on upper-outer, lower-outer margins. Propodus with same type of granules on outer, inner surfaces. Dactylus oblong in cross-section, low keel on lower surface, keel lined with setae laterally. Abdomen (Fig. 13 b) with sparse, rounded granules; somites 3 – 5 fused, with proximolateral protuberances on external surface, each protuberance not distinctly larger than central part between protuberances. Somite 6 with convex lateral margins. G 1 (Figs. 15 a – c, 16 a – c) almost straight over proximal four-fifths; distal part curved laterally on distal fifth, further distal part curved anteriorly. Distal end hook-like, opening facing anteriorly. G 2 (Fig. 15 d) short, opening facing dorsally in situ. Coloration. Dorsal surface of carapace and cheliped merus bright reddish. Geographical distribution. Japan (Pacific coast: Sagami Bay, Mikawa Bay, Kushimoto, Tanabe Bay, Tosa [type locality]; Kyushu: Amakusa); Taiwan (Dasi; Penghu; Donggang); Coral Sea. (Sakai 1937; 1965; 1976; Galil 2001).	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA381AD62997B92FA9FD29CCD2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Yokoya (1933) described A. undecimspinosa var. elongata from two females and one male collected from three different localities (Suruga Bay, between Kochi and Ashizuri-Misaki, and Kochi, all on Pacific coast of Japan). A search for the type specimens at the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History & Human History with Dr. M. Shimomura was unsuccessful, and they are most probably lost. There are good numbers of specimens that can be referable to A. elongata from Kochi, Pacific coast of Shikoku, Japan. Arcania elongata can be characterized by the ellipsoid carapace (Figs. 12 a, 13 a, 14), the proportionally shorter subhepatic and anterolateral spines (Figs. 12 a, 13 a, 14), the subdistally bent and gradually curved G 1 (Figs. 15 a – c, 16 a – c) and laterally narrowed vulva with a sternal cover arising from anteromesial corner (Fig. 17). The carapace contour agrees well with Yokoya’s (1933: fig. 47) figure. Three out of four Arcania species (A. undecimspinosa, A. cornigera n. sp. and A. elongata) studied herein have been recorded from the type locality of A. elongata. It is also true that what Yokoya (1933) identified as A. elongata actually contained specimens of A. cornigera n. sp. (see Remarks of A. cornigera n. sp.). The very large individuals (e. g. NTOU, ovig. female, 32.0 × 30.3 mm) tend to have a more rounded carapace contour. The drawing of the G 1 of A. elongata by Dai et al. (1986: 67, fig. 34 - 1; locality not indicated), Dai & Yang (1991: fig. 34 (1); locality not indicated) and Galil (2001 a: 4 D; MNHN B 27450 from the Coral Sea) agree with the ventrolateral view of the G 1 of the specimens examined during the present study, suggesting that they are conspecific. Campbell (1971) recorded “ A. elongata ” from southern Queensland and noted that it was closer to A. novemspinosa than to Sakai’s (1937; 1965) A. undecimspinosa. Although Campbell (1971) listed a number of characters to differentiate “ A. elongata ” from A. novemspinosa, he mentioned that “ A. elongata ” “ lacks prominent proximal spine on proximal margin of arm of cheliped ”. Both A. elongata and A. novemspinosa, however, possess a small but distinct proximal spine on the posterior margin of the cheliped merus (Fig. 12 b; RUMF-ZC- 1910). The identity of “ A. elongata ” from southern Queensland needs to be re-assessed. Romimohtarto (1967) identified material from the Arafura Sea as A. undecimspinosa and related it to A. elongata as well. Romimohtarto’s (1967: fig. 3) specimen, however, show subdistally curved but distally recurved G 1. This condition is similar to that of A. elongata, but the G 1 of A. elongata differs from the Arafura Sea species by the presence of a hook-like structure at the distal end (Figs. 15 b, c, 16 b, c). The identification of the material from the Arafura Sea needs to be confirmed.	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA380ED62297B92A40FC50CB21.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. NTOU B 00111, 1 male, 27.6 × 23.3 mm, Kezailiao fishing port, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, coll. R. Yoshida, 17 July 2011. Paratypes. Taiwan: NTOU B 00113, 1 female, 32.5 × 29.6 mm, Dasi, coll. S. - H. Wu, 21 Aug. 1997. — NTOU B 00112, 1 male, 23.7 × 21.0 mm, Dasi, coll. C. - W. Lin, 14 June 2002. — NTOU B 00114, 1 ovig. female, 30.6 × 27.3 mm, Dasi, coll. J. - Z. Chang, 27 Sept. 2002. — ZRC 1997.0383, 1 female, 23.5 × 21.1 mm, Tachi, Ilan, coll. C. - C. Lin, from local commercial trawler, 20 Nov. 1987. — ZRC 1998.1202, 1 male, 26.1 × 22.0 mm, 1 female, 32.4 × 29.5 mm, Dasi, Ilan, coll. J. - C. Lim, 20 Nov. 1987. — ZRC 2013.0378, 2 females, 22.4 × 20.5, 22.7 × 21.1 mm, Nangfangau, Ilan, coll. P. K. L. Ng, 18 Nov. 1997. — ZRC 2001.0041, 1 male, 23.7 × 22.6 mm, 1 female, 31.2 × 28.3 mm, Dasi, Ilan, coll. K. - X. Lee, 2000. — NMMBCD 4024, 1 female, 22.5 × 20.0 mm, 2 juveniles, 12.4 × 11.7, 17.4 × 16.3, Kezailiao fishing port, Kaohsiung, 25 Apr. 2013; NMMBCD 4010, 2 males, ca. 23.9 × 21.8, 25.2 × 21.7 mm, 1 female, 21.9 × 19.8 mm, Kezailiao fishing port, Kaohsiung, 2 Sep. 2013. — RUMF-ZC- 2722, 2 females, 24.4 × 22.7, 24.8 × 23.1 mm, Kezailiao fishing port, Kaohsiung, coll. R. Yoshida, 17 July 2011. Other material. China: ZRC 1968.2.1.10, 1 male, 24.6 × 22.0 mm, Hong Kong, CSM T / 267. — ZRC 1968.2.1.9, 1 male, 18.1 × 17.4 mm, 1 ovig. female, 25.4 × 23.7 mm, Hong Kong, Cr. 5 / 65, stn. 28, T / 354. — ZRC 1968.2.1.11, 1 male, 24.9 × 21.3 mm, Hong Kong, Cr. 5 / 65, stn. 29, T / 359. Philippines: MNHN-IU- 2013 - 13312, 1 ovig. female, 28.0 × 25.4 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, 50 – 500 m, tangle net, coll. local fishermen, 28 Nov. 2001. — MNHN-IU- 2013 - 13313, 1 male, 23.9 × 21.9 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, coll. J. Arbasto, Feb. 2004. — NMCR 39104, 1 female, 26.0 × 23.4 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, 50 – 500 m, tangle net, coll. local fishermen, 28 Nov. 2001. — NMCR 39103, 1 male, 23.8 × 21.0 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, coll. J. Arbasto, Feb. 2004. — NSMT-Cr 15792, 3 males, 22.0 × 20.7 – 26.0 × 22.7 mm, 1 ovig. female, 26.1 × 23.7 mm, Balicasg Island, Bohol, tangle nets, coll. M. Takeda, M. Manuel-Santos & H. Komatsu, Feb, 2003. — RUMF-ZC- 2357, 1 ovig. 24.9 × 22.1 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, 50 – 500 m, tangle net, coll. local fishermen, 28 Nov. 2001. — RUMF-ZC- 02871, 1 male, 25.4 × 22.2 mm, dry, Balicasag Island, Bohol, 2014. — ZRC 2012.0505, 3 males, 17.9 × 17.2 – 25.4 × 22.0 mm, Balicasag Island, Bohol, 200 – 300 m, tangle net, coll. local fishermen, June 2002. — ZRC 2009.0267, 1 female, 20.3 × 18.7 mm, Aurora, Luzon, AURORA Expedition, stn. CP 2763, 44 m, 4 June 2007. — USNM 65346, sex unknown (badly damaged), Malavatuan, Verde Island Passage, Philippines Expedition stn. 5276, 13.8208, 120.2458, 18 fthms (ca. 33 m), Albatross, Agassiz beam trawl, 12 ft (ca. 3.7 m), with mud bag, 17 July 1908. — USNM 65427, 1 male, 28.1 × 24.8 mm, 1 female, 34.1 × 30.6 mm, San Fernando, SW of Luzon Island, 16.5100 120.1850, Philippines Expedition stn. 5442, Albatross, Agassiz beam trawl, 25 ft (ca. 7.6 m), 10 – 11 May 1909. RUMF-ZC- 2870, 1 male, 22.1 × 20.4 mm, dry, off Cavite, Mar. 2013. — NSMT-Cr 7499, 1 female, 29.2 × 27.7 mm, coll. H. Motoo; Vanuatu: SANTO 2006: ZRC 2009.0613, 1 male, 25.9 × 22.9 mm, NE Aore Island, Aimbue Bay, tangle net, stn. EP 04, 89 – 109 m, 12 Sep. 2006. — ZRC 2009.0571, 1 male, 17.9 × 16.3 mm, S Tutuba Island, stn. AT 51, 153 – 166 m, coll. 30 Sept. 2006. — ZRC 2009.0482, 1 female, 26.6 × 26.0 mm, Scorff Passage, stn. AT 88, 87 – 115 m, 15 ° 31.9 ’ S 167 ° 15.0 E, 12 Oct. 2006. — ZRC 2013.0379, 1 female, 20.9 × 18.7 mm, Segond Channel, stn. AT 84, 71 – 104 m, 12 Oct. 2006. — ZRC 2009.0617, 1 male, 26.7 × 24.5 mm, 1 juvenile, 13.4 × 12.4 mm, NE Urilapa Island, stn. AT 119, 87 – 120 m, 19 Oct. 2006. — MNHN-IU- 2013 - 13311, 1 male, 24.1 × 22.5 mm, ENE Tutuba Island, stn. AT 48, 330 – 341 m, 15 ° 33.8 ’ N 167 ° 18.9 ’ E, 30 Sept. 2006.	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA380ED62297B92A40FC50CB21.taxon	description	Description. Carapace roundly elliptical, dorsal surface densely, uniformly covered with columnar granules (Figs. 18, 19 a); pterygostomial, subhepatic regions evenly covered with rounded granules (Figs. 18 b, 19 b). Front divided into 2 blunt triangular lobes by blunt triangular gap, lobes weakly produced anteriorly, tip not acute (Figs. 18 a, 19 a). Carapace with subhepatic, anterolateral, lateral, posterolateral, posterior, intestinal spines. Anterolateral spines smallest, more distinct in small individuals, followed in size by subhepatic-lateral, posterolateral-intestinal, posterior spines; posterior spines with dorsoventrally compressed, wide bases; distal end of intestinal spines not reaching those of posterior spines. Branchiocardiac to branchiogastric grooves distinct, epibranchial, cardiointestinal grooves present in large individuals. Antennular fossae oblique, basal antennular segment with acutely triangular lobe on distoposterior margin, long setum on subdistal part of posterior surface. Mesial end of infraorbital margin forming sharp triangular spine. Anteromesial corner of pterygostomial region, anterolateral margin of buccal cavern forming laterally compressed triangular, sharp spines, these spines fitting closed exopod of mxp 3; distance between spines large due to blunt exopod of mxp 3. Eyes fitting within orbit, only corneal part slightly exposed. Mxp 3 (Figs. 18 b, 19 b) sparsely covered with rounded granules; merus length about two-fifths of ischium; ischium, merus each with longitudinal groove on mesial third, half; female merus with longitudinal row of setae along longitudinal groove. Exopod narrowed at level of proximal half of merus, gap between narrowed part of exopod, merus thus fitting triangular spine of anterolateral margin of buccal cavern. Male thoracic sternites 4 – 7 covered with rounded granules (Fig. 19 b); granulation about equal to pterygostomial region. Sternal button of abdominal holding on anterior end of thoracic sternite 5 at lateral slope of thoracic cavity, button fitting proximolateral cup of somite 6. Penis coxal. Vulva on mesial end of thoracic suture 5 / 6 on somite 6; mesial end of vulva converged, sternal cover on sublateral part of anterior margin (Fig. 21). Cheliped moderately long, subequal (Fig. 18 a). Merus shorter than chela, entirely covered with rounded, conical granules. Carpus, palm covered with minute granules, granules sparser on lower surfaces of carpus, absent in lower surface of palm. Fingers slender, without gape when closed, with 10 – 16 small teeth with much smaller teeth throughout. Ambulatory legs slender, merus longest of articles, merus to propodus covered with minute conical granules, sparser to absent from lower surfaces. Dactylus with low keels on mid-lines of mesial, lateral surfaces, keel on lateral surface flanked by rows of setae. Abdomen (Fig. 19 b) granular with rounded granules; somites 3 – 5 fused, with proximolateral protuberances well swollen, each protuberance higher, slightly wider than central part between protuberances. Lateral margins of somite 6 slightly convex. G 1 (Fig. 20 a – d) strongly curved dorsally, distal part weakly recurved anteriorly; distal end with complex flaps fringing opening. G 2 (Fig. 20 e) short, opening facing dorsally in situ. Coloration. Body and cheliped merus reddish dorsally, with pink lines on the gastric and hepatic regions. Branchial regions near posterolateral margins lighter in color (Fig. 18 a). Geographical distribution. Taiwan (Kezailiao; Dasi; Tashi; Toucheng; Nangfangau); China (Hong Kong); Philippines (Aurora; Bohol; Verde Island Passage; Samar Sea); Vanuatu.	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA380ED62297B92A40FC50CB21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin tropicalis alluding its geographical distribution.	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
039C87AA380ED62297B92A40FC50CB21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Arcania tropicalis n. sp. is morphologically closest to A. elongata, but the new species can be easily distinguished from the latter by its strongly bent G 1 (gradually curved dorsally in A. elongata), and the shape of the vulvae, being converged mesially, with a sternal cover on the sublateral part of anterior margin in the new species (Fig. 21 vs. fig. 17; see Table 1). Tan (1996) studied material from the U. S. Fisheries Steamer Albatross and recorded A. elongata from 4 stations. Re-examination of these specimens revealed that three out of four lots of the specimens from the Philippines (USNM 1192285, stn. 5210; USNM 65346, stn. 5276; USNM 65427, stn. 5442) are A. tropicalis n. sp. (see Tan 1996: fig. 2 k – o). The remaining male specimen from Hong Kong (Tan 1996: fig. 1 (B); USNM 1192284, stn. 5309) has conspicuously long posterolateral and intestinal spines, but the condition of the G 1 is similar to that of A. elongata. It is thus possible that this belongs to an undescribed species.	en	Naruse, Tohru (2014): Description of two new species of Arcania Leach, 1817, from the western Pacific Ocean and redescriptions of A. undecimspinosa De Haan, 1841, and A. elongata Yokoya, 1933 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Leucosiidae). Zootaxa 3814 (3): 301-332, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
