identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039F9144FFE6F87740AAFF1AFE9E1D9B.text	039F9144FFE6F87740AAFF1AFE9E1D9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachyrhinus Schonherr 1823	<div><p>Pachyrhinus Schönherr 1823</p> <p>Pachyrhinus Schönherr 1823: 40; Fall 1901: 308; O’Brien &amp; Wibmer 1982, 43.</p> <p>Scythropus Schönherr 1826, O’Brien &amp; Wibmer, 1982, 43.</p> <p>Carpomanes Gistel 1856, Alonso-Zarazaga &amp; Lyal 1999.</p> <p>Parisodrosus Voss 1936, Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017</p> <p>Type species: Curculio mustela Herbst, 1797 = Curculio squamulosus Herbst, 1795. Gender, masculine.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Members of Pachyrhinus are medium sized (4–10 mm) entimine weevils without post ocular lobes or vibrissae, and with elytra bearing well developed humeri (Fig. 1). The genus belongs to the Polydrusini, sharing with Polydrusus laterally oriented antennae (Fig. 2) and connate tarsal claws (Fig. 3). It can be distinguished from Polydrusus by its thick blunt rostrum bearing a large glabrous callosity and carina on the epistoma (Figs. 4 and 5) and by its elongate scales with only thin, poorly developed ribs (Figs. 6–8) as opposed to the large, pronounced ribs of Polydrusus (Fig. 9).</p> <p>Description (male). Length: 4.0–8.0 mm, average 6.5 mm (Fig. 1), 2.0× as long as wide in dorsal view, widest portion of elytra at apical 2/3; shape elongate, subrectangular; dorsal outline in lateral view subplanar to weakly convex; color black, red or orange, lighter on legs, antennae red to orange; vestiture composed of elongate, appressed, contiguous, mostly nonoverlapping scales and both short, recurved and long, erect setae sparsely arranged over body, scales 2.0 to 4.0× as long as wide (Figs. 6–9), ribbed, with ribs extending out into spines at terminal end of scale, variably colored (Figs. 10–15), color iridescent green or blue (Fig. 10) to orange brown (Fig. 11) or ash white (Fig. 12), scales lighter to pearlescent on underside, sides and elytral sulcus Head in dorsal view rounded (Fig. 4); eyes small, ⅓ length of head in lateral view, produced ⅔ from base of head, projected outward, in lateral view round (Fig. 2),, separated from anterior margin of prothorax by diameter of eye; eye facets uniformly well defined; frons subrectangular (Fig. 4), shortest distance located between eyes ¾ greatest width of pronotum, bearing shallow impression at apical point where it meets rostrum; ventral surface scaled, bearing sparse pearlescent setae; gular suture clearly visible, rostrum stout (Fig. 4), subquadrate, subequal to size of head, in dorsal view ¾ length of head, as long as wide; sides parallel to slightly diverging; medial region slightly impressed; epistomal area large, nearly semicircular, bearing prominent glabrous carina on edge, separated from nasal plate by shallow groove bearing three to five long setae at apical edge; nasal plate expanded into large glabrous callosity; rostrum in lateral view curved downward, length ½ basal width; mandibles large (Fig. 16), shiny, bearing 3–5 long laterally positioned setae; mandibular scar prominent, medially situated, deciduous process large (Fig. 17), prominent, talon shaped, about length of rostrum, red or orange in color, maxillae rarely visible (Fig. 18), hidden by small projections of the head capsule at ventrolateral angles of oral cavity; cardo stout, as wide as long; maxillary palps three segmented, 2.0× as long as wide, I and II bearing single setae on buccal side, labium not covered by prementum (Fig. 18), subquadrate, as long as wide, external surface smooth; labial palps three segmented, inserted at apex of labium; palpomeres gradually reduced in size toward apex, bearing short fine setae on apical margin. Antennae (Fig. 19) 11-segmented, color black to orange; insertion at apical edge of rostrum (Fig. 2). Scrobe curved downwards 20–30°, deep at initiation in apicodorsal region, poorly defined through most of length, ending in basolateral region ventrad of apical margin of eye, separated from eye by width of scrobe, scape clavate with bulbous region extending from of length to apex, otherwise slender; antennae directed ventrad of eye in resting position, length reaching apical margin of prothorax, passing just below eye, bearing elongate setae; funicle (including peduncle) seven-segmented, as long as scape, densely pilose with hairlike setae; funicular antennomeres I and II clavate, 2.0× as long as other antennomeres; antennomeres III to VII conical, either subequal in length or decreasing in size to antennomer V, then increasing in size; club three-segmented, ⅓ length of scrobe, 3.0–4.0× as long as wide, covered in dense setae, club segments decreasing in length and width apically. Pronotum transverse (Fig. 1), greatest width about ⅔ from anterior mar- gin; dorsal surface densely punctate, each puncture bearing a scale or seta; sides with lateral margins subparallel, rounded near midpoint; posterior margin straight to gently sinuate, as wide as anterior margin; in lateral view dorsal outline flattened about 1.5× long as ventral outline, anterior margin straight. Scutellum conspicuous (Fig. 20), triangular, covered in scales. Thorax with mesepisternum triangular, densely covered with scales; metepisternum trapezoidal, suture concealed by dense scales, of greatest width at anterior edge, diminishing to parallel-sided band along metepisternal suture; metepimeron not visible, entirely covered by elytron. Abdominal ventrites with dense coating of pearlescent scales (Fig. 26); ventrites I–II connate, III–V separate; II shorter than I, subequal to III; III longer than IV; V subequal in length to I, subtriangular, covered with dense hair like setae; anterior margin of I and suture between II and III bisinuate, other margins straight. Procoxae contiguous, close to anterior margin of prothorax. Legs subequal in length (Fig. 21), front legs appear shorter as protibia arcuate, uniformly covered with pearlescent white, elongate setiform scales; femora stout, unarmed, approximately 1.5× length of pronotum, about 4.0× long as wide, proximal ¾ gradually widening then abruptly narrowing at tibial condyle; tibia arcuate, ventral margin flared, bearing row of spiniform setae increasing in length ventrally; mucro ⅓ size of tarsal claw; corbel open, surface glabrous; tarsi ventrally with dense cover of setae; tarsomeres I and II subtriangular, I larger than II, III deeply bilobed, 2.0× wide as II, IV miniscule, ⅜ size of II, concealed by III, V elongate, lacking setae pad, as long as I and II combined; claws connate, otherwise simple. Elytra length in dorsal view 2.0× greatest width, 2.0× width of pronotum (Fig. 22); anterior margins straight; humeri prominent, roundly angulate, 1.5× width of posterior margin of pronotum; lateral margins parallel anteriorly, gently diverging in middle ⅓, converging to point at apical ⅓; apex pointed; declivity gradual, convex with 10 complete striae; stria separated by width of tibia; interstrial punc- tures shallow (Fig. 23), hidden by scales, separated longitudinally by diameter of puncture, bearing single, small, recumbent setae just before anterior side of puncture (Fig. 23); stria covered in scales (Fig. 24). Scale color pattern variable by species and individual; straight, erect setae or more elongate scales arranged in rows along mid region of stria, longitudinally placed at every third interstrial puncture; interval X produced along apical ⅓ of elytra. Wings fully developed (Fig. 25), 2.0X length of elytra, in repose folded inward at middle of anterior edge by sclerotized elbow, poorly veined. Genitalia with spiculum gastrale apodeme longer than pedon and aedeagus (Fig. 27), thin with hooked anterior end; hook turning 90°, reaching ⅓ length of pedon; laminae on apical ⅛ of pedon, abruptly widen- ing out from apex, bearing single blunt sclerotized projection on each side near tip; tegmen apodeme shorter than those of aedeagus (Fig. 28), blunt-tipped; posterior ring thin, unarmed; aedeagus pedon length to width ratio 6:1; anteroventral margin weakly sclerotized, mesally curved; lateral margins curved ending in lengthened point covered by long fine setae; ostium elongate, ovate, highly arcuate, laterally emarginated, terminating in abrupt narrow point with slight ventral curvature; apodemes subequal pedon, partially embedded in lateral folds of pedon, sclerotized throughout, forming into wide paddles anteriorly.</p> <p>Female.Generally similar to male except length 5.0–10.0 mm, average 6.9 mm, same proportions as male except where noted below; protibia straight with gentle sloping arch extending from ⅔ along tibia to outer apical angle, otherwise same as male; abdominal ventrite II expanded to length of ventrites III and IV combined (Fig. 30), other features identical; sternum VIII with spiculum ventral long (Fig. 31), elongate; lamina triangular, arms entire, weakly sclerotized. Anterior margin significantly curved; lateral margins elongate, converging into blunt point at posterior; apical point and lateral margins bearing relatively long fine setae; ovipositor with coxites heavily sclerotized throughout (Fig. 32), only marginally longer than wide, bearing sparse fine setae along edge; two; bearing small styli near end of distal coxites; spermatheca variable in size, comma or C shaped, apically sclerotized with small projection perpendicular to ramus; ramus subconical; cornu short, tightly to loosely recurved, subcylindrical.</p> <p>Distribution. Pachyrhinus species are common in pine forests in the temperate Palearctic and Nearctic regions. In the Nearctic they are distributed from New Brunswick west to British Columbia south to Baja California and Arizona in the west. In the east their range reaches as far south as Indiana and Pennsylvania (Bright &amp; Bouchard 2008). No species are present in the southeastern United States. In the Palearctic, Pachyrhinus species are found as far north as southern Poland and from England to Japan (Yunakov 2013, Kono &amp; Morimoto 1960). They are most diverse in the Western Mediterranean, reaching as far south as the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia (Hustache 1946, Hoffman 1961). Nearctic species are associated with species of pines but may also be found on Douglas fir (Bright &amp; Bouchard 2008).</p> <p>Biology. Despite being a potential pest on economically important hosts, the biology of Pachyrhinus remains little studied. The damage they cause the host plant is apparently not permanent (Furniss &amp; Carolin 1977). Jensen &amp; Koehler (1969) reported that adult P. californicus in Alameda Co. California first appear in late February and can be found until early May. Maximum numbers are reached around late February to early March. The adult beetles feed on the needles of Pinus spp.; specifically, P. californicus feeds on Monterey pine, P. radiata D. Don. Adult feeding results in intermittent notches along the needle’s length and causes death of the needle beyond the damaged area (Burke 1937). Severely affected trees have a brownish appearance until the damaged needles fall off before winter. The weevils show no preference for feeding location on the tree (Jensen &amp; Koehler 1969).</p> <p>Female P. californicus begin to produce eggs in February and continue production until the females die off (Jensen &amp; Koehler 1969). Males have a shorter life span than the females resulting in a one to four male to female ratio by the time of the breeding season. The females may live to August and September in captivity and continue producing fertile eggs until death, even after all the males have died. Eggs are laid in an oviposition chamber constructed from three adjacent needles glued together in a bundle by a sticky exudate produced by the female. Females produce an average of 1,200 eggs distributed among an average of 36 egg clusters (Jensen &amp; Koehler 1969). Once the larvae hatch, they drop to the ground where they burrow into and feed on the tree’s rootlets. From laboratory reared specimens, pupation has been determined to occur in early September with adults emerging later in the month. Jensen and Koenher (1969) speculate that pupation occurs in the soil and that the weevils overwinter as adults, suggesting a two-year life cycle.</p> <p>The feeding habits of adult Pachyrhinus do not directly seem to cause lasting harm to the tree (Furniss &amp; Carolin 1977). The attacked needles simply fall off the tree in autumn. However, larval feeding on the roots may cause more extensive damage. No studies are available that have determined the extent of the root damage caused by Pachyrhinus larvae.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F9144FFE6F87740AAFF1AFE9E1D9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Benzel, Joseph;Bright, Donald E.	Benzel, Joseph, Bright, Donald E. (2021): A revision of the genus Pachyrhinus Schӧnherr 1823 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) in the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 4999 (6): 501-533, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4999.6.1
039F9144FFECF87F40AAF9C6FA811FFF.text	039F9144FFECF87F40AAF9C6FA811FFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachyrhinus elegans (Couper 1865)	<div><p>Pachyrhinus elegans (Couper 1865)</p> <p>Polydrusus elegans Couper 1865a: 63; Becker 1974:70.</p> <p>Scythropus elegans: Horn 1876: 116; Chittenden 1890: 168; Fall 1901: 309; Blatchley and Leng 1916: 131; Hatch 1971: 274; Furniss and Carolin 1977: 336.</p> <p>Pachyrhinus elegans: O’Brien &amp; Wibmer and Wibmer 1982:43; McNamara 1991: 330; Downie and Arnett 1996: 1485; Majka et al. 2007; Bright and Bouchard 2008: 159.</p> <p>Scythropus lateralis Casey 1888: 276; Fall 1901:309. NEW SYNONYMY.</p> <p>Pachyrhinus lateralis: O’Brien &amp; Wibmer and Wibmer 1982: 43.</p> <p>Scythropus miscix Fall 1901: 309. NEW SYNONYMY.</p> <p>Pachyrhinus miscix: O’Brien &amp; Wibmer and Wibmer 1982: 43.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Members of P. elegans may be distinguished from those of other Nearctic Pachyrhinus species by the non-mottled scale pattern on the elytra (Figs. 39–40) as opposed to the mottled scale patterns in P. californicus and P. cinereus. It is the only Nearctic Pachyrhinus species to have an iridescent green coloration, though this feature is variable (Fig. 37). The aedeagus of P. elegans (Figs. 41–43) is less arcuate than those of P. californicus and P. cinereus. It also bears a blunt tip rather than the long, tapered tip of other species. The spermatheca in P. elegans (Fig. 44) is less tightly coiled making it C-shaped rather than comma-shaped as in P. californicus.</p> <p>Description (male). Length: 4.5–8.0 mm, average 6.0 mm (Figs. 33-38); color black, red on legs and antennae (Fig. 34); vestiture composed of elongate, appressed, contiguous, mostly non-overlapping scales, short, recurved and long, erect setae sparsely arranged throughout body; scales (Fig. 6) 2.0× long as wide, with rounded tip bearing small spines, green colored (Fig. 10); scales lighter colored on underside (Fig. 35) and in bands on 1st, and 7th through 10th striae (Fig. 34). Antennomers III to VII conical, subequal in length (Fig. 19); elytra uniformly covered in dense scales (Fig. 39); scales uniform in color along strial rows; rows II through VI iridescent green in color, other rows lighter (Fig. 40); appressed setae arranged in rows along mid region of interstriae, longitudinally placed at every third interstrial puncture. Aedeagus mesally curved (Fig. 41). Lateral margins gradually curved, ending in point covered by long fine setae (Figs. 42–43). Ostium elongate, ovate, arcuate, laterally emarginated, terminating in blunt point with small indentation at tip.</p> <p>Description (female). Similar to male; spermatheca C-shaped (Fig. 44), ramus elongate, subconical; cornu elongate, recurved, apically narrowed.</p> <p>Variation. Coloration in this species is highly variable (Figs. 45-53), commonly copper (Figs. 45–48) or iridescent green (Figs. 49–50), with blue (Figs. 51–53) abundant in northern Rocky Mountains, British Columbia and the northwestern United States; integument ranging from black to orange, corresponding with scale color; funicular antennomeres either subequal in size or decreasing in size to 5 th antennomere, then increasing in size.</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 54). Pachyrhinus elegans occurs commonly throughout the coniferous forests of temperate North America, ranging from New Brunswick to Pennsylvania in the east and British Columbia and Alberta to northern California and Colorado in the west. In collections studied, no specimens occurred in central regions of North America between Indiana and the Front Range of Colorado. Specimens throughout the range are morphologically very similar with the exception of variation of scale color.</p> <p>Material Examined (803 specimens). Type Material, Lectotype, designated by Becker (1974), is in the collection of Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, and was examined and photographed (Figs. 33–38). P. lateralis holotype, USA, California, Lake Co. T. L. Casey (USNM). P. miscix holotype, USA, California, Sacramento Co. H. C. Fall. (MCZ).</p> <p>CANADA, Alberta, Banff StP. VI-10-1897 / Hubbard &amp; Schwartz (USNM: 3 males, 6 females); 1922-V-25 /C. B. D. Garrett (CNCI 1 male, 2 female); Burmis. VI-15-1952 / K. C. Herrman (CNCI: 1 male, 1 female); Crow’s Nest. VI-9-1930 / J. H. Post (CNCI: 2 female); VI-17-1962 / K. C. Herrman (CNCI: 1 female). Waterton. VI-8-1962 / W. R. M. Mason (CNCI: 2 male); VII-16-1970 / R. A. Kelton (CNCI: 1 male)</p> <p>British Columbia, Aspen Grove. V-14-1934 / ponderosa pine, H. B. Leech (USNM: 1 male, 1 female); V-25- 1934 / ponderosa pine, (USNM: 1 male); Bagneg L. V-9-1976 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male, 2 female); Chopaka. VI-24-1923 / R. Glendenning (CNCI: 1 female); Corbin, VII-11-1961 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male); Cranbook. V-12-1922 / C. B. D. Garrett (CNCI: 1 male, 7 female); Cranston. V-8-1958 / Douglas fir, H. &amp; A. Howden (CNCI: 4 male, 9 female); Creston. V-12-1956 / G. S. Smith (CNCI: 2 males, 2 female); Elko. V-7-1958 / Douglas fir, H. &amp; A. Howden (CNCI: 1 male); Falkland. V-18-1944 / H. B. Leech (UCRC: 1 male, 1 female); Fife. VI-6-1959 / Douglas fir, H. &amp; A. Howden (CNCI: 1 female); Fry Cr. below Bridge, Purcell Mtns. Wilderness Pk. V-28-2010 / R. W. Baumann (CWOB: 1 male); Goldbridge. VI-29-1942 / H. B. Leech (UCRC: 1 female); Golden, VI-27-1976 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 female); Kaslo. IV-23-1929 / (CNCI: 2 male); V-10-1939 / (CNCI: 2 males, 1 female); II-7/ R. P. Curie (CWOB: 1 female); Kuskanoo. V-12-1958 / Douglas fir, H. &amp; A. Howden (CNCI: 1 male); Oliver; V- 23-1958 / Douglas fir, H. &amp; A. Howden (CNCI: 1 male); V- 27-1959 / L. A. Kelton (CNCI: 1 female); V-27-1959 / R. E. Leech (CNCI: 1 female); Osoyos, V-28-1934 / G. S. Walley (CNCI: 1 female); V-30-1958 / Douglas fir, H. &amp; A. Howden (CNCI: 2 female); Radium. VI-4-1953 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 2 male, 1 female); Salmon Arm. VI-29- 1923 / E. R. Buckell (CNCI: 1 female); V-29-1928 / (CNCI: 1 female); III-24-1929 / H. B. Leech (USNM: 1 female); IV-24-1933 (USNM: 1 male); V-11-1933 (USNM: 1 female); IV-4-1934; (USNM: 14 male, 13 female); Salmo. VI- 27-1942 / H. B. Leech (UCRC: 1 female); VI-9-1968 / Campbell &amp; Smetana, (CNCI: 1 male); Sanca Cr. Hwy. 3A, S of Sanca. VI-1-2010 / R. W. Baumann (CWOB: 1 female). Sirdar. IV-12-1980 / I. Askevold (CWOB: 3 males, 2</p> <p>females); Skookumchuck, V-30-1984 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male); Summit Cr. Hwy. 3, Blazed Cr. rest area. VI-2-2010 / R. W. Baumann (CWOB: 1 female); Terrance. VII-5-1960 / (CNCI: 1 female); VI-8-1960 / W. W. Moss (CNCI: 1 female); VI-16-1960 / R. J. Pilfrey (CNCI: 1 male); Vernon. VI-24-1923 / E. P. Venables (CNCI: 1 male); IV-17-1934 / H. B. Leech (USNM: 1 female); Wardner. V-19-1927 / (CNCI: 1 female); Windmire. IV-23-1955 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr, (CNCI: 16 male, 3 females, 3 unknown).</p> <p>New Brunswick, Charlo. VIII-24-1943 / (CNCI: 1 female); Kouchibouguac NP. V-24-V-3- 1977 / S. J. Miller (CNCI: 3 female).</p> <p>Nova Scotia, Kentville, V-23-VI-24-1923 / R. P. Gorham (CNCI 4 males); Lunenburg, V-5-1969 / P. Ward (CNCI: 1 male).</p> <p>Ontario, Ad &amp; Lennox. June-25-1950 / J. F Brimley (CNCI 1 male, 2 females); Arkell. IV-30/ H. H. Holmes (USNM: 1 female) Belleville. (CUIC: 2 males, 2 females); Bells Corners, V-5-1957 / E. Macdougall (CNCI: 1 female); VI-19-1963 / D. D. Munroe (CNCI: 1 female); Constance Bay, 1935-VI-10 / W. J. Brown (CNCI, 1 male); Hastings co. VII-10-1938 / Brimely (CNCI: 3 males, 2 female); Marmora, IV-18-1942 / white pine, J. F. McAlpine (CNCI: 6 male, 7 female); Pettit. Hubbard and Schwartz (USNM: 2 males, 3 females); Trenton. J. D. Evans (USNM: 2 males, 4 females); W. Robinson (USNM: 3 females); Toronto. J. R. Ciew (CUIC: 2 males, 1 female, 4 undetermined).</p> <p>Quebec, Aylmer, V-9-1932 / W. J. Brown. (CNCI: 1 male. 1 female); Val de Bois, VI-17-1973 / R. Sexton (CNCI: 2 female).</p> <p>USA, California, Amador Co., Tragedy Spring, Hwy. 88. VI-21-2006 / S. M. Clark &amp; M. H. Goodman (CWOB: 1 female); El Dorado Co., S fk. American R., Hwy. 50, Riverton. III-21-1985 / R. W. Baumann (CWOB: 1 male); Flume, vic. of Pacific House. V-26-1989 / R. D. Gordon (USNM: 15 males, 1 female); Glenn Co., Plaskett Sta. VI-30-1967 / W. Gagne (CWOB: 1 female); Mariposa Co., VII-4-1952 / J. H. McLeod (CNCI: 5 males, 9 female); Modoc Co., Soup Springs. V-22-2007 / B. C. Kondratieff, R. W. Baumann (CSUC: 1 female); Mono Co., 3 mi N of Mammoth Lakes. D. G. Kissinger (USNM: 5 males, 7 females); Napa Co., Mt. St. Helena. V-30-1915 / F. E. Blaisdell (CLR: 1 female); Placer Co., Dutch Flat. III-9-1909 / (UCRC: 1 male); San Diego Co., Alpine. VII-1934 (CNCI: 1 male, 3 female). Shasta Co., Hat Cr., Hwy 89, Honn campground. V-25-2007 / B. C. Kondratieff, R. W. Baumann (CSUC: 2 females); Manzanita L. VI-16-1959 / Kelton &amp; Madge (CNCI: 1 male); Trinity Co., V-20-1934 / F. R. Platt (UCRC: 1 male); Tulare Co., Giant Forest. 1904/ Wickham (USNM: 2 males, 2 females).</p> <p>Colorado, Arapahoe Co., Arapaho Pk. VII-29-1968 / L. A. Kelton (CNCI: 1 female); Boulder Co., Eldora. VI-19-1982 / ponderosa pine, G. H. Nelson (CWOB: 1 male); Left Hand Canyon. IV-19-2005 / B. C. Kondratieff. (CSUC: 1 male); Nederland. V-27-1961 / W. R. M. Mason. (CNCI: 1 female); Clear Cr. Co., Argentine Rd. Wickham. (USNM: 1 female); Jefferson Co., Lookout Mtn. VII-3-1927 / A. Nicolay (USNM: 1 female); V-25/ VI-14- 2010 / CO dept. AG. (CSUC: 1 female); Larimer Co., 31 km. W Ft. Collins. IV-25-1972 / dwarf mistletoe, R. B. Penfield (USNM: 1 female); V-2-1972 / dwarf mistletoe, R. B. Penfield (USNM: 1 female); 2 mi. S, NW of Mt. Margaret trail, Red Feather Lakes area, CR74E 1 mi. off Parvin Lake. V-28-2010 / ponderosa pine, D. Leatherman. (CSUC: 1 male, 10 females); Estes Pk. VI-19-1961 / B. H. Poole (CNCI: 4 males, 8 females); Park Co., N Fk. IV-16- 1926 / H. G. Dyar (USNM: 1 female); Sada Cr. Pike NF, VII-19-1931 / (USNM: 1 female); Sagauche Co., Hayden Pass. VII-29-1968 / E. C. Becker (CNCI: 3 females); Ward Co., nr. Ward. VI-2/ VI-9-1933 / H. G. and H. E. Rodeck (CWOB: 1 male).</p> <p>Idaho, Benewah Co., St. Maries. IV-30-1963 / ponderosa pine (USNM: 1 female); Blaine Co., Pettit L. VII- 13-1968 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male, 1 female); Boise Co., Boise NF. V-18-1954 / ponderosa pine (USNM: 1 male, 1 female); Idaho City. VI-26-1958 / Alpine fir, W. E. Cole (1 female); Deadwood R. at Jct. S fk. Payette R. W of Loman. IV-23-1985 / R. W. Baumann &amp; Nelson (CWOB: 1 male); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.3976&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.5637" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.3976/lat 43.5637)">Boise</a> NF, N43.5637° W115.3976°. V-13- 2015 / White Pine, J. S. Benzel (5 females); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-115.5158&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.4823" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -115.5158/lat 43.4823)">Greyback Gulch</a>, N43.4823° W115.5158°. V-13-2015 / ponderosa, J. S. Benzel (8 males, 7 females); N43.4590° W115.5520°. V-13-2015 / Douglas fir, J. S. Benzel (12 males, 8 females); Bonner Co., Sand Point. V-23-1899 / U. S. Hopkins (USNM: 1 females); Bonner Co., Coeur d’Alene. IV-22-1920 / ponderosa pine, J. O. Evenden (USNM: 4 males, 7 females); Bonner Co., Sandpoint. VI-8-1950 / N. M. Downie (CWOB: 2 males, 4 females, 1 undetermined); VI-11-1954 / N. M. Downie (USNM: 2 females); VI-10/ VII-10- 1971, (CWOB: 1 male, 6 females); VI-19-1973, (CWOB: 1 female); VII-15-1969 (CWOB: 2 male); VI-19-1973 (USNM: 1 male, 5 females); VII-9-1974 / N. M. Downie (CWOB: 1 female); Clark Co., Fairfield. VII-6-1960 / D. R. Smith (USNM: 1 male, 1 female); Idaho Co., Lochsa R., hwy. 12, Wendover campground. IV-28-1992 / R. W. Baumann &amp; Zenger (USNM: 1 female); Latah Co., Moscow. V-20-1928 / J. E. Shull (USNM: 1 male); IV-20-1929 / H. A. Waters (USNM: 2 females); IV-29-1950 / N. M. Downie (UCRC: 1 male, 1 undetermined)’ Big Sand Cr. V- 7-1975 / R. Haswell (USNM: 8 males, 15 females); Shoshone Co., Cedar Mtn., Moscow. IV-15-1934 / M. C. Lane (UCRC: 6 males, 3 females, 1 undetermined); Shoshone Co., Cathedral Peak, 11 mi SW of Heron Montana. VII-2- 1962 / western white pine. D. G. Hellin (USNM: 3 males, 1 female); Valley Co., Krassel. V-23-1959 / M. M. Furniss (USNM: 2 males, 6 females).</p> <p>Maine, Cumberland Co., Douglas Hall. V-7/ V-8-1916 / A. S. Nicolay (USNM: 1 male, 3 females); Oxford Co., Porter. VI-12/ A. E. Brower (USNM: 7 males, 6 females).</p> <p>Massachusetts, Essex Co., Lawrence. VI-1864 / white pine (1 male, 1 female); N of Sangus. VI-1906 / H. M. Russel (1 female); Lawrence. (CUIC: 4 undetermined); Franklin Co., Charlemont. IV/ (USNM: 2 female); Middlesex Co., Tyngsborough. V-17-1933 / (CUIC: 4 undetermined); Worcester Co., Southborough. V-8-1927 / C. A. Frost, (CUIC: 1 male); Winchandon, 1915-V-30 / C. A. Frost (CNCI, 1 male).</p> <p>Montana, Beaverhead Co., above Wise R. V-30-1933 / L. J. Liu &amp; R. W. Baumann (CWOB: 3 males, 6 females); Gallatin Co., V-13-1902 / R. W. Cooley (USNM: 1 female); Gallatin Co., Bozeman. VI-6-1912 / R. W. Cooley (USNM: 1 female). Granite Co., Sliderock Mtn. 16 mi SE of Clinton. V-18-1910 / whitebark pine, D. G. Fellen (USNM: 1 male: 1 undetermined); Flint Cr. Mtns., Racetrack Pk. VI-30-1961 / S. M. Sutton (CWOB: 1 female); Bonner. V-20-1958 / Western Larch, R. E. Denton (USNM: 2 males, 3 females); Lake Co., N of Polson. VI-22-1977 / Douglas fir, S. Kohler (USNM: 1 female); Lewis &amp; Clark Co., Blackfoot R., Hwy. 279. V-21-1993 / R. W. Baumann &amp; L. J. Liu (CWOB: 2 males, 2 females); Helena. IV-14/ V-5-1978 / Hubbard &amp; Schwartz (USNM: 2 males, 2 females); Missoula. IV-20-1914 / ponderosa pine, J. Brunner (USNM: 2 males, 1 female, 1 undetermined); nr. Frenchtown. VI-13-1977 / Douglas fir, S. Kohler (USNM: 2 females); Musselshell Co., Roundup. VI-3-1982 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 10 males, 1 female); Ravalli Co., Gird Cr. IV-23-1933 / W. L. Jellison (USNM: 1 female); Burch Cr. IV-8-1934 / W. L. Jellison (USNM: 1 female) Sleeping Child Cyn. V-3-1937 / W. L. Jellison (USNM: 1 female); Gird Cr. IV-27-1941 / W. L. Jellison (USNM: 2 females); Bass Cr. Florence. IV-22-1979 / grand fir, S. Koeler (USNM: 1 male, 1 females).</p> <p>New Hampshire, Cheshire Co., Mohadrock. G. G. Milling (USNM: 1 male); Grafton Co., Hanover. (USNM: 1 male), Rockingham Co., Hampton. I-14/ S. A. Shaw (USNM: 1 male, 1 female), Stafford Co., Durham. (USNM: 2 females), Sullivan Co., Claremont. VI / (USNM: 7 males, 10 females).</p> <p>New Jersey, [no data] (USNM: 2 females).</p> <p>New York, Erie Co., Buffalo. (USNM: 2 females); Essex Co., Cold R., High Peaks Wild Area, Saranac R. V-11-2006 / L. Myers (CSUC: 1 male, 1 female); Tompkins Co., Ithaca. V-5-1895 / Chitenden (USNM: 6 males, 7 females, 1 undetermined); IV-26-1915 / (CUIC: 1 male); 1937/ J. C. Bradley (CUIC: 6 males, 3 females); W Danby. V-30-1915 / (CUIC: 1 female); Westchester Co., Rye L. VI-3-1934 / H. L. McIntyre (USNM: 2 female).</p> <p>Ohio, [no data] (USNM: 1 female).</p> <p>Oregon, Baker Co., Baker. VI-2-1939 / J. H. Baker (USNM: 4 males, 9 females); Pine Cr. V-8-1945 / J. H. Baker (USNM: 1 female). VI-14-1945 (USNM: 1 female); Sumpter, VI-15-1984 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male, 1 female); Crook Co., Ochoco NF. V-27-1933 / M. C. Lane (USNM: 6 males, 7 females); Deschutes Co., 20 mi. S of Bend. V-27-1964 / K. Goeden (CWOB: 1 male, 1 females); Douglas Co., 15 mi W of Diamond L. VI-29-1971 / A. E. Lewis (CWOB: 1 male); Grant Co. Austin, V-25-1984 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 female); Prairie city, V-28-1984 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 female); Jackson Co., 10 mi. S of Ashland. IV-16-1959 / K. Goeden (USNM: 1 female); Squaw L. V-19-1962 / J. Schuh (USNM: 1 male); Hwy. 230, 14 mi N of Union Cr. VII-1-1971 (CWOB: 1 female); Klamath Co., Ft. Klamath. V-26-1933 / McLane (USNM: 2 males, 1 female) Lake Co., Lakeview. VI-28-1984 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male, 1 female); Squaw Butte Cr. Hwy 140 E Lakeview. V-20-2013 / B. C. Kondratieff (CSUC: 7 males, 6 females); Lincoln Co., Newport. V-3-1965 / lodge pole pine, K. Goeden (CWOB: 2 females); Umatilla Co., Battle Mtn. V-27-1984 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 3 males, 1 female); Lehman Springs. VI-14-1984 / (CNCI: 1 female); Meacham. V-13-1933 / M. C. Lane (USNM: 42 males, 31 females); Union Co., Blue Mtns. VI- 11-1940 / C. A. Frost (USNM: 4 males, 2 females). Wallowa Co., Enterprise. VI-13-1984 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 2 male)</p> <p>Pennsylvania, Franklin Co., Mt. Alto. V-6/ J. N. Knull (USNM: 2 males, 2 females); 1931-IV-11/V-25/ A.C. Davis (CNCI: 8 females, 10 males); Warren Co., Bear L. (USNM: 1 female).</p> <p>Utah, Cache Co., Logan Cyn. VI-6-1933 / G. F. Knowlton (USNM: 1 male); Duchesne Co., Argyle Cr. Argyle Cyn. VI-15-1999 / R. W. Baumann (CWOB: 1 male, 1 female).</p> <p>Washington, Kittitas Co., Easton. V-18-1931 / ponderosa pine, W. W. Baker (USNM: 3 males, 2 females); Kittitas Co., Easton. / A. Koebele (USNM: 5 males, 3 females); Okanagan Co., Okanogan NF., Early Winters RS. V-30-1966 / D. S. Horning Jr. (CWOB: 1 female); Pierce Co., Mt. Rainier NP, Glacier Bridge. V-30-1997 / B. C. Kondratieff. (CSUC: 1 male); Spanaway. May-30-1925 / ponderosa pine, W. W. Baker (1 male, 1 female); Walla Walla co., Walla Walla. May-1933 / M. C. Lane (4 males, 7 females); Yakima Co., Tampico. May-30-1925 / M. C. Lane (1 female).</p> <p>Wyoming, Teton Co., SE entrance, Yellowstone NP. VI-19-1947 / J. H. Baker (USNM: 1 female).</p> <p>Biology. Main hosts are white pine, western white pine, and ponderosa pine (Pinus strobus L., P. monticola D. Don. and P. ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson). It is also found on a variety of other pines and Douglas fir (Bright and Bouchard 2008).</p> <p>Remarks. Two species of Pachyrhinus, P. lateralis and P. miscix, have holotypes which are morphologically identical to confirmed specimens of P. elegans. Pachyrhinus lateralis (Figs. 55-60) was described from a single specimen taken at Lake County, California. It was differentiated from P. elegans by Casey (1888) who cited a more transverse and depressed prothorax and tumid elytral humeri (Fig. 55). An examination of the holotype revealed the left side of the pronotum is cracked and dislocated, resulting in the appearance of a more depressed prothorax (Fig. 56). The elytral humeri were within the individual variation found in P. elegans.</p> <p>The holotype of Pachyrhinus miscix (Figs. 61-66) is almost identical to that of P. lateralis. Pachyrhinus miscix was differentiated from P. elegans by Fall (1901) citing a less arcuate front and middle tibia in the male (Fig. 62), a longer fourth funicular joint, and a more transverse thorax and hirsute abdomen (Fig. 63). Comparisons of the holotype and of other specimens identified as P. miscix with P. elegans indicate that these features fall within the range of individual variation for P. elegans. The more arcuate tibia is a sexual feature common to the males of all Pachyrhinus species and the relative sizes of the funicular joints were variable even within series of the material examined. The more hirsute abdomen is variable with females and more abraded specimens having less hirsute ventrites.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F9144FFECF87F40AAF9C6FA811FFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Benzel, Joseph;Bright, Donald E.	Benzel, Joseph, Bright, Donald E. (2021): A revision of the genus Pachyrhinus Schӧnherr 1823 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) in the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 4999 (6): 501-533, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4999.6.1
039F9144FFEBF86640AAF891FE171A2F.text	039F9144FFEBF86640AAF891FE171A2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachyrhinus californicus (Horn 1876)	<div><p>Pachyrhinus californicus (Horn 1876)</p> <p>Scythropus californicus Horn 1876, 117. Fall 1901:309; Hatch 1971:2750; Furniss &amp; Carolin 1977:335.</p> <p>Pachyrhinus californicus: O’Brien &amp; Wibmer and Wibmer 1982:43; McNamara 1991: 330; Bright and Bouchard 2008:159. Scythropus ferrugineus Casey 1888: 276. Fall 1901:309; Hatch 1971:275.</p> <p>Pachyrhinus ferrugineus: O’Brien &amp; Wibmer 1982:43.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Pachyrhinus californicus is characterized by the presence of orange, gold or grey scales about 2× long as wide or longer (Fig. 67–72). On the elytra, these are placed in a mottled pattern with grey or white scales 2× long as wide. This species can be differentiated from the morphologically similar P. cinereus by more elongate and tapered scales (Figs. 73–74) as opposed to the blunt teardrop shaped scales of P. cinereus, and by the intermittent greatly lengthened scales or long setae found at intervals along the elytral striae as opposed to the smaller recumbent scales found intermittently on the elytra of P. cinereus. Pachyrhinus californicus can be distinguished from P. elegans by the mottled scale pattern on the elytra contrasting with the ordered scale coloration of P. elegans with each stria containing scales of a uniform color. The aedeagus of P. californicus (Figs. 75–77) is more curved than in P. elegans and has a blunt tip rather than the tapered tip of P. elegans. The spermatheca of P. californicus (Fig. 78) is C-shaped rather than comma-shaped as in P. cinereus.</p> <p>Description (male). Length 5.0–8.0 mm, average 6.33 mm (Fig. 67); color uniformly orange (Fig. 68); scales 4.0× long as wide (Fig. 7), setiform, ribbed with ribs terminating in spines at end of scale, orange; mottled patches of white scales, 2.0× long as wide on elytra; pearlescent scales on ventral and lateral portions of body (Fig. 69), 2.0× long as wide. Funicular antennomers III to VII conical, subequal in length. Elytra covered in nonuniform patches of scales (Fig. 73); scales elongate (Fig. 74), setiform, 4.0× as long as wide, tapered, densely packed, orange, arranged in a mottled pattern with patches of stout white scales interspaced with primary scale type; white scales most common along 1 st and 7 th –10 th stria; long appressed setae arranged in rows along mid region of stria, longitudinally placed at every third interstrial puncture. Aedeagus mesally curved (Fig. 75); lateral margins curved, ending in lengthened point covered by long fine setae (Fig. 76–77); ostium elongate, ovate, highly arcuate, laterally emarginate, terminating in abrupt narrow point with slight ventral curvature.</p> <p>Description (female). Length 5.0–9.0 mm, average 6.9 mm. Spermatheca C-shaped (Fig. 78), apically sclerotized with small projection perpendicular to ramus; ramus short, subconical; cornu short, recurved, subcylindrical.</p> <p>Variation (Figs. 79–82). Scale coloration is variable, ranging from ash grey (Fig. 79) to gold (Fig. 80) and reddish orange (Fig. 81-82). Scale morphology is similarly variable and dependant on local population but with considerable individual variation. Specimens from Coastal and Klamath mountains (Fig. 81) have patches of setiform scales around elytral humeri; specimens from Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains have wider scales (Figs. 81- 82), 3.0X long as wide. Scales may be missing, resulting in rubbed appearance. Funicular antennomeres are either subequal in size or decreasing in size to 5 th antennomer, then increasing in size.</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 83). This species occurs in conifer forests in British Columbia, California, Oregon, and Washington.</p> <p>Material Examined (736 specimens). HOLOTYPE: USA, California, El Dorado Co. G. H. Horn (male) (MCZC).). Pachyrhinus ferruginus holotype, USA, California, county not listed (USNM).</p> <p>CANADA, British Columbia, Agassiz. IV-5-1927 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male). Vernon. IV-17-1934 / ponderosa pine, H. B. Leech (USNM: 5 males, 12 females); Vancouver I., Naniamo. IV-12/ Taylor (USNM: 2 males); Nanoose Bay. VI-6/ B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male); Cowichan. VII-9-1975 / J. M. &amp; B. A. Campbell</p> <p>(CNCI: 1 female). Keremus. IV-22-1979 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 female); Gabriola. IV-10-1988 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male).</p> <p>California, Alameda Co., Hills back of Oakland. IV-13-1927 / E. C. Zimmerman. (USNM: 1 female); IV-26- 1930, (USNM: 1 male, 3 females); II-1-1933 / E. J. Blum (CNCI: 2 male). II-4-1933 / W. H. Nutting (CNCI: 3 males, 2 females); Berkeley. V-26-1924 / (CNCI: 2 male, 2 female); II-26-1932 / E. C. Zimmerman (USNM: 2 females); II-2-1934 / (CNCI: 24 males, 2 females); II-11-1934 / M. Cazier (CNCI: 2 males, 1 female); II-18-1934 / Monterey pine, F. R. Platt (UCRC: 1 male, 4 females); III-12-1939 / F. D. Horn (UCRC: 1 female); III-20-1934 / M. Cozier (UCRC: 1 female); Oakland. I-12-1940 / R. Dahl (EMEC: 4 males); I-20-1944 / R. Schuster (EMEC: 1 female) III- 9-1952 / Monterey pine (EMEC: 7 males, 7 females); I-21-1958 / Monterey pine, D. J. Burdick (CWOB: 2 males); I-29-1959 / Monterey pine, C. W. O’Brien &amp; Wibmer (CWOB: 2 males); Berkeley Hills NE Oakland. II-4-1964 / J. Powell (EMEC: 2 males); Redwood Regional pk. II-14-1965 / M. J. Tauber and C. A. Toschi (EMEC: 6 males, 6 females); San Pablo dam. II-15-1966 / Monterey pine/ R. W. Browne (EMEC: 1 male, 4 females); Alpine Co., Bear Lake. VI-8-1924 / E. C. Van Dyke (CNCI: 2 females); Cleaveland. III-5-1983 / A. Smetana (CNCI: 1 male, 1 female); Calaveras Co., nr. Dorrington. V-29-1957 / H. Ruckes Jr. (CWOB: 1 female); Contra Costa Co., Mt. Diablo. IV-1934 / L. W. Saylor (USNM: 2 females); Walnut Cr. V-24-1952 / pine/ J. J. Menn (EMEC: 1 male); IV-9-1958 / D. J. Burdick (CWOB: 2 males, 3 females); V-12-1962 / C. W. O’Brien &amp; Wibmer (CWOB: 2 males); San Pablo Reservoir. IV-1966 / Monterey pine, G. L. Jensen (6 males, 5 females); Mt. Diablo. IV-28-1974 / D. S. Green. (EMEC: 1 female); El Dorado Co., Placerville. III-16-1915 / ponderosa pine, F. B. Herbert (USNM: 4 females); II-8-1916 / incense cedar, (USNM: 1 female); Georgetown. IV-5-1960 / sugar pine, R. W. Stark (CWOB: 1 female); 1 mi. E Pollock pines. V-28-1989 / R. D. Gordon (UCRC: 2 males, 4 females); 1 mi E of Pacific House. VI-29-1991 / C. B. Barr (EMEC: 2 females); 2 mi. SE of Pacific House. IV-21-1996 / Douglas fir, L. G. Bezark (CWOB: 4 females); Blodgett Forest Rest Sta., 12 mi E of Georgetown, El Dorado Conduit. VI-5/ VI-6-2004 / C. B. Barr, C. S. Chaboo &amp; K. W. Will (UCRC: 1 female); Humboldt Co., Forest Home. II-10-1966 / M. W. Stone (UCRC: 1 female); Bair’s Ranch, Redwood Cr. VI-19-1903 / H. S. Barber. (USNM: 5 females); VI-19-1903 (USNM: 2 female); V-15-1911 / H. M. Nunemacher. (USNM: 2 females); Eureka. VI-2/ H. S. Barber. (USNM: 1 male, 1 female); VI-3 (USNM: 1 male); VI-4 (USNM: 1 male, 7 females); Bair’s Ranch, Redwood Cr. VI-6/ H. S. Barber. (USNM: 1 female); VI-13/ yellow pine (USNM: 4 males, 9 females); Butte Cr. Hwy 36. V-2-2011 / B. C. Kondratieff. (CSUC: 5 males, 8 females, 1 undetermined); Inyo Co., Lone Pine. V-9-1937 / W. C. Reeves (EMEC: 1 male, 1 female); Lake Co., Cow Mountain. II-12-1955 / D. J. Burdick (EMEC: 6 males, 5 females); Los Angelis Co., Los Angelis. VII-11-1930 / E. C. Zimmerman (USNM: 1 female); Marin Co., Mt. Alpine. VI-25-1971 / D. D. Munroe. (CNCI: 1 female). Laurel Dell camp. IV-1-1961 / G. W. Frankie. (EMEC: 9 males, 10 females); 7 mi. S of Olema. II-22-1965 / Douglas fir, C. W. O’Brien &amp; Wibmer (CWOB: 1 male, 1 female); Mt. Tamalpais. III-15-1969 / Douglas fir, C. W. O’Brien &amp; Wibmer (CWOB: 4 male, 5 female); Alpine L. Liberty Gulch. IV-1-1971 / R. Hilsop (EMEC: 1 female); IV-16-1971 / R. Coville (EMEC: 1 female); IV-20-1974 / Douglas fir, J. Powell. (EMEC: 5 males, 6 females); IV-20-1974 / M. Kirby. (EMEC: 1 male); IV-20-1974 / C. Magowin. (EMEC: 1 female); IV-20-1974 / L. Rhudy (EMEC: 1 female); IV-19- 1975 / C. Kellner (EMEC: 1 female); IV-17-1976 / A. Thayer (EMEC: 1 female); IV-17-1976 / K. L. Collingene (EMEC: 1 female); IV-30-1976 / E. Giesbert (EMEC: 1 female); IV-16-1978 / Douglas fir, J. Powell. (EMEC: 7 males, 7 females); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-122.75861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.996666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -122.75861/lat 37.996666)">Five Brooks</a>, N37°59’48 W122°45’31. V-18-2015 / Douglas fir, J. S. Benzel. (CSUC: 2 males, 2 females); Mariposa Co., Yosemite Valley. V-26/ VI-21-1921 / E. C. Zimmerman (USNM: 9 males, 12 females); VI- 7-1928 / A. T. McClay (CNCI: 1 female); IV-3-1960 / D. M. Fanara (USNM: 1 male); Mendocino Co., Willits. IV-1- 1946 / E. E. Johnston (USNM: 1 male); IV-17-1957 / yellow pine, C. B. Eaton (USNM: 1 male, 5 females); Mendocino. V-22-1957 / J. R. Helfer (CWOB: 1 male, 1 female); XII-2-1957 / J. R. Helfer (CWOB: 1 female); Caspar. II-27-1958 / J. H. Helfer (CWOB: 1 male, 1 female); Cleone. III-18-1958 / J. Helfer (CWOB: 1 male); Ham pass Rd. 2.5 mi. NW of Eel R. VI-13-1972 / J. Doven. (EMEC: 1 male, 4 females); NCCRP 3 mi. N of Branscomb. V-8 -1976 / G. Hunter (EMEC: 1 female); V-12/ V-14 -1978 / R. J. Dare (EMEC: 1 male); IV-18/ IV-20 -1980 / S. E. Ludwig (EMEC: 2 females); IV-18/ IV-20 -1980 / S. Meridith (EMEC: 2 females); V-30/ VI-1 -1980 / C. Monteller (EMEC: 1 female); V-30/ VI-1 -1980 / C. Parisek (EMEC: 1 female); V-30/ VI-1 -1980 / W. C. Schaupp (EMEC: 1 female); Masonite rd. 11.65 mi W of Ukiah. IV-4-1981 / Douglas fir, W. J. A. Volney et al. (EMEC: 1 female); Masonite rd. 11.1 mi W of Ukiah. IV-16-1981 / W. J. A. Volney et al. (EMEC: 1 male, 3 females); Angelo Reserve 8 km N of Branscomb, Walker Meadow. V-29/ 2-VI-2003 / S. Lew (EMEC: 2 females); Wilderness Lodge. V-31-2003 / Douglas fir, J. Powell (EMEC: 1 female); Modoc Co., Jackson <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.9536&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.3757" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.9536/lat 41.3757)">St. Pk.</a>, N41. 3757° W120.9536°. V-15-2015 / J. S. Benzel (CSUC: 3 males, 5 females); Mono Co., Mammoth. V-1-1919 / Jeffery pine, Shoemaker (USNM: 4 males, 2 females) V-9-1919 / Jeffery pine, R. Hopping (CNCI: 5 males, 3 females); Monterey Co., Chews Rdg. nr White Oak Camp. V-8-1975 / R. Warton (EMEC: 3 females); Carmel. III-13-1915 / Wickham (USNM: 2 females); 1918/ Shoemaker (USNM: 1 male, 1 female); III-24-1919 / Wickham (USNM: 6 female); V-14-1921 / A. Nicolay (USNM: 1 male, 5 females); Cyprus Ridge. V-10-1921 / (CNCI: 2 male, 4 female). Nevada Co., Nevada City. V-14-1971 / (UCRC: 1 female); Placer Co., III-6-1913 / E. J. B. (USNM: 1 female); Flume, Meadow vista, Placer hills road. V- 27-1989 / R. D. Gordon (UCRC: 3 males); Greenhorn Cr., Hwy 70 SE Quincy. IV-25-2010 / B. C. Kondratieff, R. W. Baumann (CSUC: 1 male, 2 females); Rio Blanco Co., Pied-Jous, S slope site #83BB47. V-1976 / pinyon pine, B. E. King (CWOB: 1 male, 2 females); Sacramento Co., Sacramento. II / A. Koebele (USNM: 5 males, 2 females); San Bernardino Co., San Bernardino NF, Barton Flat. V-24-1956 / Jeffery Pine, B. J. Adelson (CWOB: 1 female); Lake Arrowhead. IV-April-1962/ Jeffery Pine, C. O. Eads (UCRC: 1 male); Seven Oaks. V-12-1962 / M. Kajiyama (UCRC: 1 female); Barton Flats. IV-28-1965 / M. W. Stone (UCRC: 1 female); III-18-1971 / M. W. Stone (UCRC: 1 female); San Mateo Co., Lake Pilarcitos. III-20-1965 / C. W. O’Brien &amp; Wibmer (CWOB: 1 male); San Diego Co., Cuyamaca. IV-25-1921 / W. R. Richards (CNCI: 1 female); Little Laguna L. III-5-1983 / A. Smetana (CNCI: 1 male, 1 female). San Bernardino Mtns. III-13-1933 / A. Smetana (CNCI: 1 female); San Luis Obispo Co., 1 mi. NE of Cambria. III-24/ III-25-1980 / J. A. Powell (EMEC: 2 females); San Mateo Co., Ano Nuevo St. Reserve. IV-27-2002 / Monterey pine, J. Powell (EMEC: 1 female); Santa Clara Co., Loma Prieta. III-9-1965 / Douglas fir, R. E. Browne. (EMEC: 1 male); IV-16-1964 / Douglas fir, (EMEC: 1 male); IV-26-1966 / Douglas fir, (EMEC: 1 female); Los Gatos. Hubbard &amp; Schwartz. (USNM: 1 female); Santa Cruz Co., Ben Lomond. IV-6-1931 / L. W. Saylor (USNM: 3 males, 5 females); V-4-1931 / J. F. Brimley (CNCI: 1 female); IV-1-1932 (USNM: 1 male, 1 female); Santa Cruz. IV-3-1932 / L. W. Saylor (USNM: 1 female); Big Basin St. Pk. III-26-1966 / B. Tilden (CWOB: 2 males, 1 female); Shasta Co., Shasta. V-11-1913 / F. W. Nunamancher (CNCI: 2 female); Siskiyou Co., 5 mi. S of Mt. Hebron. VI-7- 1960 / Yellow pine, J. Schuh (USNM: 2 females); Sonoma Co., Alexander Valley, IV-29-1935 / (CNCI: 3 female). 4 mi. W of Plantation. IV-4-1956 / D. J. Burnick (EMEC: 1 female); Mt. St. Helena. V/ L. Saylor (USNM: 8 males, 9 females); Del Puerto Cyn., 20 mi W of Patterson. II-18-1961 / knobcone pine, W. Gagne (CWOB: 1 female); Trinity Co., Ruth L. IX-1-164/ Spadoni (EMEC: 1 female); East side Rd., Trinity R. V-3-2011 / B. C. Kondratieff (CSUC: 2 females, 1 undetermined); Tulare Co., Johnsondale. IV-27-1964 / W. Turner (EMEC: 5 males, 10 females, 1 undermined); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.36&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.0912" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.36/lat 36.0912)">Sequoia</a> NF, N36. 0912° W118.3600°. V-18-2015 / J. S. Benzel (CSUC: 1 male); Yuba Co., 4 mi. NE of Dobbins. IV-7-1956 / K. S. Hagen (EMEC: 1 male).</p> <p>Oregon, Jackson Co., Butte Falls. IV-25-1913 / ponderosa pine, W. D. Edmonston (USNM: 2 males, 1 female); Klamath Co., 20 mi. W of Klamath Falls. V-18-1955 / F. P. Larson (USNM: 1 female); Upr. Klamath marsh, Military Crossing. V-11-1956 / J. D. Vertroes (USNM: 1 female); Kobele Co. From Dept. of Agriculture (USNM: 1 female); Lane Co., Egypt Forest, 6 mi E of Eugene. XI-13/VI-13/ Douglas fir, H. J. Andrews (USNM: 11 males, 4 females); Andrews Exp. Forest, 11 mi NE of Blue R. IV-11-1979 / Douglas fir, G. M. Cooper (USNM: 1 male, 1 female); Washington Co., Forest Grove. III-28-1919 / M. C. Lane (USNM: 1 male); Yamhill Co., McMinnville. III-15/ III- 20-1940 / C. A Frost (USNM: 4 males, 1 female).</p> <p>Washington, Asotin Co., Anatone. V-25-1984 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male); Walla Walla Co., Kooskooskie. IV-6-1949 / (USNM: 3 males, 3 females); Yakima Co., Tieton Dam. V-13-1927 / M. C. Lane (USNM: 1 female).</p> <p>Biology. Pachyrhinus californicus has been recorded feeding on several species of Pinus including ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.), Jeffery pine (P. jefferyi Balf.), and Monterey pine (P. raddata D. Don) as well as Douglas fir.</p> <p>Remarks. The holotype of P. californicus (Figs. 67-73) has an orange elytral integument rather than the more typical black integument common among members of P. californicus at the type locality in the Sierra Nevadas. However, this lighter coloration occurs in other parts of the range of P. californicus and was found in multiple series collected at the type locality.</p> <p>Bright and Bouchard (2008) synonymized P. ferrugineus (Figs. 84-89) with this species after examination of the holotype of P. ferrugineus. In the original description, P. ferrugineus was distinguished from P. californicus by more sparse, setiform scales 4.0X long as wide or longer (Fig. 88) and a longer fifth ventrite (Fig. 86). The setiform scales are common on specimens collected at the type locality, Muir Woods, Marin County, California and the Coastal and Klamath Mountains (Fig. 82). The longer fifth ventrite is indicative of a female specimen in all the Nearctic members of the genus and bears no value as a specific character (Fig. 23). Sparse scales regularly occur as individual variation within a series among all Nearctic members of Pachyrhinus. Bright and Bouchard (2008) found the holotype of P. ferrugineus to be rubbed and found no differences in the genitalia of specimens attributed to both P. californicus and P. ferrugineus. Further comparisons and dissections confirmed the synonymy proposed by Bright and Bouchard (2008).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F9144FFEBF86640AAF891FE171A2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Benzel, Joseph;Bright, Donald E.	Benzel, Joseph, Bright, Donald E. (2021): A revision of the genus Pachyrhinus Schӧnherr 1823 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) in the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 4999 (6): 501-533, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4999.6.1
039F9144FFF2F86E40AAFB27FD941A9F.text	039F9144FFF2F86E40AAFB27FD941A9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachyrhinus cinereus (Casey 1888) The	<div><p>Pachyrhinus cinereus (Casey 1888)</p> <p>Scythropus cinereus Casey 1888: 276; Fall 1901: 309.</p> <p>Pachyrhinus cinereus: O’Brien &amp; Wibmer 1982:43.</p> <p>Scythropus crassicornis Casey 1888: 276. Fall 1901: 309. NEW SYNONYMY.</p> <p>Pachyrhinus crassicornis: O’Brien &amp; Wibmer 1982:43.</p> <p>Scythropus albidus Fall 1901: 309. NEW SYNONYMY.</p> <p>Pachyrhinus albidus: O’Brien &amp; Wibmer 1982:43.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Pachyrhinus cinereus (Figs. 90–95) is similar to P. californicus but can be distinguished by the blunt teardrop-shaped scales on the elytra (Fig. 8) along with thickened and blunt recumbent or slightly appressed elongate scales interspersed along the elytral interstria (Figs. 96–97). In P. californicus the scales are elongate with tapered ends and are occasionally setiform. Specimens of P. cinereus have a mottled scale color pattern as opposed the uniformly colored interstria of P. elegans. The aedeagus of P. cinereus (Figs. 98–100) is identical to that of P. californicus in being highly arcuate with a blunt tip. Pachyrhinus elegans in contrast has a moderately curved aedeagus with a long, tapered tip. The spermatheca (Fig. 101) is comma shaped rather than C-shaped as in P. elegans.</p> <p>Description (male). Length: 5.0–7.0 mm average 6.0 mm (Fig. 90); color black, red on tibia tarsi and antennae (Fig. 91); scales about 1.5× long as wide with blunt tips, teardrop shaped (Fig. 8), color gold, ash grey scales on underside (Fig. 92), sides, and mottled spots on elytra. Funicular antennomeres III to VII conical, decreasing in size to V, increasing in size thereafter. Striae uniformly covered in scales (Fig. 96); scales formed into mottled color pattern with patches of teardrop shaped gold scales 2.0× long as wide mottled with patches of ash grey scales of the same dimensions (Fig. 97); grey scales most common on stria I and VII–X. Aedeagus mesally curved (Fig. 98); lateral margins curved, ending in lengthened point covered by long fine setae (Figs. 99–100); ostium elongate, ovate, highly arcuate, laterally emarginate, terminating in abrupt narrow point with slight ventral curvature.</p> <p>Description (female). Length 5.0–9.0 mm, average 6.5 mm. Spermatheca comma-shaped (Fig. 101); ramus elongate, subconical; cornu elongate, recurved, apically narrowed.</p> <p>Variation (Figs 102–105). Scale color is variable, ranging from ash grey (Fig. 103) to gold (Figs. 104–105) and orange (Fig. 105). The color of the primary scales may closely match that of the secondary scales on the underside and in mottled patches on the elytra, giving the appearance of a uniform scale color (Fig. 102). The more elongate scales that appear on some specimens on the interstriae show some variation in size ranging from nearly identical to the surrounding scales to elongate and slightly appressed. The scales themselves are more loosely attached to the integument than in other species of Pachyrhinus resulting in some older P. cinereus lacking most of their scales and having a “rubbed” appearance. In New Mexico, some P. cinereus are smaller ranging from 4.5 to 5.0 mm in body length, but otherwise identical.</p> <p>Distribution (Fig. 106). Pachyrhinus cinereus is common in mountain coniferous forests along the Rocky Mountains from New Mexico to Montana and into Alberta and British Columbia and west to the Sierra Nevada in California.</p> <p>Material Examined (571 specimens). HOLOTYPE, USA, California, Tahoe Co. T. L. Casey (female) (USNM P. crassicornis holotype, USA, New Mexico, county not listed, (USNM). P. albidus holotype, USA, California, Lake Co. Lake Tahoe, VII-17-21-1897. (MCZ)</p> <p>CANADA, British Columbia, Baynes L. V-6-1976 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 2 male); Cawston. IV-17-1929 / W. R. S. Metcalfe (CNCI: 2 male, 5 female); Cranbrook. IV-12-1922 / C. B. D. Garrett (CNCI: 2 males, 1 female); Kelowna. IV-5-1927 / E. R. Buckell (CNCI: 1 female); Kamloops. V-11-1937 / J. K. Jakob (CNCI: 1 unknown); Elko. V-7-1958 / H. &amp; A. Howden (CNCI: 2 females); Fort Steel. V-22-1977 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (5 males); North</p> <p>Bend. VI-6/ Hubbard &amp; Schwartz (USNM: 1 female); Oliver. V-25-1959 / L. A. Kelton (CNCI: 8 males, 11 females, 1 unknown); Orofino Mtn. VI-6-1958 / H. &amp; A. Howden (CNCI: 1 female); Osoyos, V-30-1958 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 female); Peachland, IV-10-1918 / W. R. S. Metcalfe (CNCI: 2 males); Skookumchuck. V-30-1984 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 2 males); Summerland. V-6-1959 / R. E. Leech (CNCI: 1 male); Vernon. IV-22/ Wickham (USNM: 1 female); V-7-1924 / E. R. Buckwell (CNCI: 1 female); IV-24-1924 / E. P. Venables (CNCI: 1 unknown);</p> <p>USA, Arizona, Apache Co., Jackson Spring near Alpine. VI-4-1982 / R. W. Baumann (CWOB: 1 female); Nutrioso Cr. Hwy. 180 below Alpine Divide. VI-20-1987 / R. W. Baumann, B. C. Kondratieff, Sargent, &amp; Wells (CWOB: 1 male). Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mtns., VI-3-1935 / J. N. Knull (CNCI: 1 female, 1 unknown); Onion Saddle V-4-1978 / R. Gordon (USNM: 2 females). Coconino Co., Williams. V-20/ Barber &amp; Schwartz (USNM: 1 male); V-26 (USNM: 1 male, 11 females); V-27 (USNM: 3 males, 10 females); V-28 (USNM: 1 male, 3 females); V-29 (USNM: 2 males); V-30 (USNM: 1 male, 1 female); VI-6 (USNM: 3 females); VI-8 (USNM: 1 female); VI-12 (USNM: 1 female); San Fran Mtns. VI-8-1915 (USNM: 1 female); Tusayan NF., V-7-1915 (USNM: 2 males, 1 female); San Fran. Mtns. V-8-1915 / ponderosa pine, M. R. Wagner (CUIC: 2 males, 1 female). Flagstaff. IV-24-1916 / ponderosa pine, C. F. Korstain (USNM: 10 males, 21 females, 1 undetermined). V-21-1934 / F. T. Scott (CNCI: 1 male, 3 females). V-5-1947 / R. S. Beal (CWOB: 1 male). IV-27-1983 / ponderosa pine, M. R. Wagner (2 males, 1 female). VI-10-1995 / W. B. Warner (CWOB: 2 females); III-7/ Barber &amp; Schwartz (USNM: 1 female). Navajo Co., Winslow. V-10-1968 / ponderosa pine, P. E. Buffam (USNM: 1 male, 2 females); Apache NF. V-5-1934 / ponderosa pine, U. S. Hopkins (USNM: 7 males, 3 females); White Mtns., Diamond Cr. VI-1925 / D. Duncan (USNM: 2 females); Pima Co., Catalina Mtns., Hitchcock Hwy. mi 22. V-22-1958 / C. W. O’Brien &amp; Wibmer (CWOB: 1 male). Yavapai Co., Lynx Cr. 10 mi, N of Prescott. IV-29-1936 / ponderosa pine, H. Morrison (USNM: 2 females) Oak Cr. VI-14-1948 / M. W. Stone (UCRC: 1 female); Prescott. III-26-2011 / long leaf pine, C. W. O’Brien &amp; Wibmer (CWOB: 3 males, 1 female); VI-19/ Barber &amp; Schwartz (USNM: 1 male, 1 female).</p> <p>California, Alameda Co., Berkeley. II-2-1934 / (CNCI: 1 male); Arroyo Mocho; 20 mi. S Livermore. III-2- 1953 / D. Burdick. (EMEC: 1 female); V-24-1957 / (CWOB: 1 male); Arroyo Mocho 10 mi S of Livermore. III-2- 1958 / P. D. Ashlock (CWOB: 2 females); Arroyo Mocho, 17 mi. SE of Livermore. II-18-1967 / knobcone pine, W. Gagne (CWOB: 1 male, 2 females. EMEC: 1 female); Cedar Mtn. III-3-1968 / Digger pine, J. Powell. (EMEC: 2 males, 2 females); Mt. Santini. VII-3-1971 / Timberlake (UCRC: 1 female); Alpine Co., Bear Valley. VI-6-1914 / R. S. Woglum (UCRC: 4 females); Butte Co., Bangor. III-28- 1955 / K. S. Hagen. (EMEC: 2 males, 1 female); Calaveras Co., Rail Road Flat. VI-17-1974 / G. S. Linsley. (EMEC: 1 female); Chico Co., Bidwell Park. IV-14-1974 / S. R. Palten. (EMEC: 1 female); Contra Costa Co., 4 mi. N of Orinda Russel Property. III-14-1966 / C. Slobodenkoff (CWOB: 2 males, 1 female); Tilden Pk. Inspiration point. IV-8/ IV-18-1992 / Monterey pine, W. Middlekauff (EMEC: 4 males, 8 females); El Dorado Co., Meyers. VII-3-1930 / A. T. McClay (CNCI: 1 female); Placerville. III-6-1913 / E. J. B. (USNM: 1 male); nr. Whitehall. V-21-1931 / E. C. Zimmerman (USNM: 1 female); Lake Tahoe. VII-11-1931 / E. C. Zimmerman. (USNM: 1 female); Blodgett Forest 13 mi. E of Georgetown. V-29-1971 / (EMEC: 4 females); V-29-1977 / ponderosa pine. J. Yoakley. (EMEC: 1 female); S Fk. American R., Hwy 50 Riverton. III- 23-1985 / R. W. Baumann (CWOB: 5 males, 2 females); Blodgett Forest 14 mi. E of Georgetown. IV-27-1985 /. M. C. Whitmore. (EMEC: 1 female); 2.3 mi NE Virner. III-20-1996 / L. G. Bezark (CWOB: 5 males, 3 females). Ogilvy Cyn. Cr., SE of Pacific House. IV-21-1996 / L. G. &amp; E. A. Bezark (CWOB: 2 females). Pacific House. III-1-1997 / L. G. Bezark (CWOB: 2 males); Mormon Emigrant Trail, 2-3 mi from Sly Park. III-2-1998 / L. G. &amp; E. A. Bezark (CWOB: 3males, 3 females); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.2328&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.4623" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.2328/lat 38.4623)">El Dorado</a> NF, N38.4623° W120.2328°. V-18-2015 / ponderosa pine, J. S. Benzel (CSUC: 2 males, 4 females); 1 mi S of Meyers. V-26/ D. G. Kissing. (USNM: 2 females). Fresno Co., Long Meadow Cr. At Hume L. III-16-1985 / R. W. Baumann (CWOB: 1 male); Humboldt Co., Forest Home. III-10-1966 / M. W. Stone (CWOB: 1 female); Inyo Co., Onion Valley. VI-17-1937 / J. H. Mitchell (CWOB: 1 male). Coyote Ridge. VI-26-1976 / E. Giesbert (EMEC: 1 female). Kern Co., Mt. Pinos. VII-2-1955 / G. A. Gorelick (CWOB: 1 female). W of Wofford Hts. IV-28-1964 / W. Turner. (EMEC: 2 females). Tehachapi Mt. Co. campground. V-6-1965 / Doyer. (EMEC: 3 females). Lake Co. Whispering Pines. IV-18-1964 / W. Turner. (EMEC: 1 female); V-19-1964 / R. F. Luck (CWOB: 1 female); Lassen Co., Laufman St. 3 mi. SE Milford. V-17-1982 / J. A. Powell. (EMEC: 4 females); Gold run Cr. Gold run Rd. SW Susanville. V-22-2007 / B. C. Kondratieff, R. W. Baumann. (CSUC: 1 female); Marin Co., Bodega Bay. II-6-1988 / J. K. Robertson (EMEC: 4 males, 9 female); Mariposa Co., Yosemite. VI- 7-1928 / A. T. McClay (CNCI: 1 male); 5-28-1931 / D. W. Clancy (UCRC: 1 female); Big Meadow. III-20-1969 / D. L. Tiemann. (EMEC: 1 female); Modoc Co., NW of Canby. VI-24-1960 / E. L. Schlinger (UCRC: 2 females) S Fk. Parker Cr. FRd. 31. V-22-2007 / D. Leatherman. (CSUC: 2 males, 2 females); Mono Co., Blanco’s Corral, White Mtn. VI-27- 1953 / H. Nalahibarra (UCRC: 1 female); Monterey Co., Carmel. III-13-1915 / J. F. Brimley (CNCI: 3 male). Prunedale. I-1965 / Monterey Pine, C. Kohler (CWOB: 1 male); Nevada Co., IV-13-1963 / L. V. &amp; T. L. Erwin (UCRC: 1 male); Alta Sierra. VI-14-1961 / Ponderosa pine, H. Howden (CNCI: 1 male); Grass Valley. V-13-1971 (UCRC: 3 males); 5 mi. SW grass Valley. V-6-1980 / ponderosa pine and Jeffery pine, J. T. Doyen and J. K. Liebherr (EMEC: 1 male, 7 females); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-120.16167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.378056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -120.16167/lat 39.378056)">Donner Picnic Area</a>. N39°22’41 W120°09’42. V-19-2015 / ponderosa pine, J. S. Benzel (CSUC: 1 female); Orange Co., Meadow Valley, VII-11-1924 / A. C. Davis (CNCI: 1 female). Placer Co., Forest Hill. IV-1898 (USNM: 2 males, 1 female); Dutch Flats. II-28-1909 (UCRC: 3 females); Flume, Dog Bar Rd. V-27-1989 / R. Gordon (USNM: 2 males, 1 female); Plumas Co., VI-30/ E. J. Blum. (CNCI: 1 female); 7 mi N of Chester on Juniper L. Rd. VI-4-1964 / T. L. Erwin (CWOB: 1 female); Benner Cr. VI-5-1964 / T. L. Erwin (CWOB: 1 female); NW Chester on Benner Cr. VI-1-1965 / T. L. Erwin (CWOB: 2 males); VI-11-1965, (USNM: 2 females); Squirrel Cr. 8 mi E of Quincy. V-15-1982 / G. W. Urlich. (EMEC: 1 male, 1 female); Humbug Cr. 3 mi. W of Portola. V-16-1982 / J. A. Chemsak. (EMEC: 8 males, 8 females); San Bernardino Co., Near Fallsvale, San Gorgonio Mtn. VI-23-1964 / J. D. Pinto (UCRC: 1 female); Running Springs. VI-9-1965 / J. T. Doyen (EMEC: 1 female). USA, CA, Bear Lake. VII- 5-1932 / M. W. Stone (UCRC: 1 female); Seven Oaks. V-13-1962 / H. Ewing (UCRC: 1 female); San Luis Obispo Co., Paso Robbles. Shoemaker (USNM: 3 males, 4 females); Santa Barbara Co., San Marcos Pass. IV-14-1960 / E. I. Schinger and J. C. Hall (UCRC: 1 female); Orcutt. III-5/ III-25-1966 / A. J. Kissler (USNM: 7 males, 6 females); Mt. Hamilton. V-6-1957 / D. Burdick (CWOB: 1 male); Santa Clara Co., Los Gatos. III-30-1962 / T. L. Erwin (USNM: 1 male); Mt. Hamilton. VII-14-1967 / knobcone pine, W. Gagne (CWOB: 1 male); Shasta Co., Platina. V-27-1977 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 female); Siskiyou Co. V-29-1911 / F. W. Nunenache (USNM: 1 female); Sonoma Co., Rhododendron St. Pk. IV-15-1955 / D. J. Burdick (EMEC: 2 females); 4 mi W of Plantation. IV-6-1957 / D. Burdick (CWOB: 4 male); Mt. St. Helena. V/ L. W. Saylor (USNM: 5 males, 6 females); Stanislaus Co., Adobe Cr. II-26- 1948 / R. F. Smith. (EMEC: 1 male); Tuolumne Co., Strawberry, V-20-1993 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male); Trinity Co., 15 mi. SW Hay Fk. IV-17-1962 / ponderosa pine, R. W. Clabaugh (CWOB: 1 male); Tulare Co., Sequoia NP. VI-1932. F. T. Scott (USNM: 1 female); Tuolumne Co., Sand Flat. VI-11-1930 / D. W. Clancy (UCRC: 1 female); VI-26-1931. H. E. Hinton (USNM: 1 female); Twain Harte. II-5-1967 / M. R. Lundgrin (EMEC: 1 male); Ventura Co., Chuchupate Rgr. Sta. base. Frazier Mtn. V-1-1955 / Jeffery Pine, C. W. O’Brien &amp; Wibmer (CWOB: 1 female); Mt. Pinos, Campground 1. VIII-19-1970 / Jeffery pine, R. A. Medeveo (UCRC: 1 female); Sierra foothill field sta. 6 mi. N of Smartville. V-4-1980 / J. A. Powell. (EMEC: 2 males).</p> <p>Colorado, Boulder Co., Boulder. VI-8-1961 / W. R. M. Mason (CNCI: 1 female); Chaffee Co., Dreney Gulch. VI-24-1999 / ponderosa pine, D. Leatherman. (CSUC: 1 female); Elbert Co., Jct. CR 94/CR77. VI-27-1995 / ponderosa pine, D. Leatherman. (CSUC: 2 females); Las Animas Co., Trinidad lakes St. Park N side picnic area. V-18- 2012 / D. Leatherman. (CSUC: 1 male); Mesa Co., Colorado National Monument. V-11-1949 / Pinyon Pine (USNM: 3 males); Weld Co., E of CR 115 at WY line. IV-18-1994 / limber pine, D. Leatherman. (CSUC: 3 males, 9 females, 1 undetermined).</p> <p>Idaho, Clearwater Co., Orofino. IV-25-1967 / ponderosa pine, G. C. Franc (USNM: 2 females); Lewis Co. Winchester. V-1-1924 / M. C. Lane (USNM: 3 males, 7 females).</p> <p>Montana, Lewis &amp; Clark Co., Helena. IV-21-1907 / W. M. Mann (USNM: 2 males).</p> <p>New Mexico, McKinley Co., 1–2 mi. S of Ft. Wingate. VI-6-1988 / pinyon pine, R. Turnbow (CWOB: 1 male, 2 females); IV, (USNM: 1 female); Otero Co., Cloudcroft, V-20-1967 / H. F. Howden (2 male, 1 female); Santa Fe Co., Santé Fe. VI-5, (USNM: 23 males, 20 females); San Juan Co., Aztec. V-5, C. F. Baker (USNM: 1 female); San Miguel Co., Las Vegas HS. III-8/ Barber &amp; Schwartz (USNM: 1 female).</p> <p>Nevada, Washoe Co., Jct. Hwy. 15 &amp; 28. VI-27-1962 / C. W. O’Brien &amp; Wibmer (CWOB: 2 males, 4 females); Whites Cr., Whites Cr. Trailhead. VI-16-2009 / B. C. Kondratieff, R. W. Baumann. (CSUC: 1 female); Thomas Cr. Rd. 49. VI-16-2009 / B. C. Kondratieff, R. W. Baumann. (CSUC: 1 female).</p> <p>Oregon, Baker Co., Pine Cr. VI-8-1939 / J. H. Baker (USNM: 1 female); V-1-1940 (USNM: 1 female); V-5- 1940 (USNM: 2 female); V-27-1945 (USNM: 1 male, 1 female); Columbia Co., Clatskanie. IV-14-1936 / Douglas fir, K. Grey &amp; J. Sohuh (USNM: 6 males, 4 females); Corvallis. V-3-1936 / G. Ferguson (USNM: 1 male); Cook Co., Ochoco NF. Wiley Cr. Camp. VI-20-1998 / G. R. Ballmer (UCRC: 1 female); Grant Co., Silvies R. Highway 359. S Seneca. S Rd. 37. V-21-2013 / B. C. Kondratieff. (CSUC: 2 males, 1 female); Hood River Co., Hood River. Gresham. V-21/ C. C. Sperry (USNM: 1 female); V-21/ Hubbard &amp; Schwartz (USNM: 8 males, 12 females); Jackson Co., Butte Falls. V-17-1956 / F. P. Larson (USNM: 1 female); Josephine Co., 6.5 mi S of Cave Jct. V-27-1980 / knobcone pine, R. L. Westcott (CWOB: 2 females); Lake Co., Fremont NF, N42.1993° W120.6161°. V-15-2015 / white pine, J. S. Benzel (CSUC: 7 males, 6 females); Klamath Co., 2 mi. NW of Chiloquin. V-17-1975 / ponderosa pine, R. L. Westcott (CWOB: 1 female); Tillamook Co., Sand Lake. V-12-1940 / K. M. Fender (USNM: 4 males, 1 female); Umatilla Co., Battle Mtn. V-27-1984 / B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 2 males); Union Co., Kamila. VI-10-1925 / M. C. Lane (USNM: 1 male); Blue Mtns. VI-4-1933 / M. C. Lane (USNM: 4 males, 2 females); Cold Spring, Blue Mtns. T. McLane (USNM: 1 male, 1 female); Wapinita Pass. V-5-1938 / K. Grey &amp; J. Senuh (USNM: 1 female); Perry, VI-6-1984, B. F. &amp; J. L. Carr (CNCI: 1 male).</p> <p>Utah, Carbon Co., 415 mi. N of Price. 143. V-20-1968 / D. G. Kissinger (USNM: 1 male, 1 female); Garfield Co., 4.5 mi S Panguitch, hwy. 143. IV-23-2005 / R. Turnbow (CWOB: 4 females); Dixie NF, Canaan Peak. V-27- 2003 / S. M. Clark &amp; C. R. Nelson (CWOB: 2 female); Lonesome Beaver campground, VII-30-1968, H. F. Howden (CNCI: 1 female). Kane Co., ponderosa Grove Rec Area. IV-20-2005, R. Turnbow (CWOB: 1 female); San Juan Co., 1.5 mi. W of Utah line on US 160. V-20-1968 / D. G. Kissinger (USNM: 2 females); Devil’s Cyn. nr. Campground off Hwy 191. V-29-2013 / gambel oak/ W. Crenshaw, D. Leatherman &amp; B. C. Kondratieff. (CSUC: 1 female); Sevier Co., Water Cyn. Above jct. Quitchupah Cr. IV-25-2002 / R. W. Baumann &amp; Clark (CWOB: 2 males).</p> <p>Washington, Clallam Co., Sol Duc Hot Springs. VI-11-1933, M. C. Lane (USNM: 1 female); Columbia Co., Lewis Pk., Blue Mtns. VII-11-1933 / M. C. Lane (USNM: 2 males, 2 females); Kittitas Co., Vicinity of Cle Elum. VI-25-2009 / M. Huether (CWOB: 1 female); Spokane Co., Spangle. / C. V. Piper (USNM: 1 female); Skagit Co., Cypress Is. V-27-1979 / M. Whitmore (EMEC: 1 female); Thurston Co., Tenino. / Hubbard and Schwartz (USNM: 1 female).</p> <p>Wyoming, Albany Co., 1.7 mi N of Easterbrook Campground. V-19-2008 / R. Turnbow (CWOB: 3 males, 5 females); Park Co., [Yellowstone] National Park. VII-30/ Hubbard &amp; Schwartz (USNM: 2 females).</p> <p>Biology. The biology of this species is similar to P. californicus. Adults and larvae feed mainly on ponderosa pine and Douglas fir.</p> <p>Remarks. Smaller specimens of P. cinereus occur in New Mexico and Arizona. These were originally described as P. crassicornis (Figs. 107-112) by Casey (1888) from a single specimen collected at Fort Wingate, New Mexico. Pachyrhinus crassicornis was distinguished by a shortened prothorax and a highly arcuate antennal scape only barely surpassing the posterior margin of the eye. Examination of the holotype found it to have a scape and prothorax of the normal length of P. cinereus, reaching to the anterior margin of the prothorax (Fig. 108). In addition, specimens from the type locality were between 5–7mm in length. Specimens of P. cinereus from other locations occasionally showed smaller size and more arcuate antenna.</p> <p>Pachyrhinus albidus (Figs. 113-118) was described from a single specimen collected around Lake Tahoe, the same type locality as that of P. cinereus. The holotype bears a close resemblance to a P. cinereus with closely matching scale colors, but with only isolated scales of the secondary scale color (Fig. 113). The scale morphology is identical with that of P. cinereus (Fig. 117).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F9144FFF2F86E40AAFB27FD941A9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Benzel, Joseph;Bright, Donald E.	Benzel, Joseph, Bright, Donald E. (2021): A revision of the genus Pachyrhinus Schӧnherr 1823 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) in the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 4999 (6): 501-533, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4999.6.1
039F9144FFFAF86E40AAFAB6FA741809.text	039F9144FFFAF86E40AAFAB6FA741809.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachyrhinus Schonherr 1823	<div><p>Key to the Nearctic species of Pachyrhinus</p> <p>1 Scales in mottled color pattern on elytral disc (Figs. 11–12). Aedeagus highly arcuate with a tapered tip (Figs. 75–77), spermatheca variable........................................................................................ 2</p> <p>- Scales not in mottled pattern (Fig. 10). Aedeagus feebly arcuate with a wide blunt tip (Fig. 41–43), spermatheca C-shaped (Fig. 44). Temperate North America................................................................... P. elegans</p> <p>2 Scales 1.5X as long as wide, with blunt tips, teardrop shaped (Fig. 8). Elongate interspersed scales on elytra bluntly tipped and recumbent to slightly appressed (Fig. 97). Spermatheca comma-shaped (Fig. 101). Western North America...... P. cinereus</p> <p>- Scales 2.0 to 4.0X long as wide with tapered ends sometimes setose in form (Fig. 7). Interspersed scales long, tightly appressed, elytral surface often setose (Fig. 74), spermatheca C-shaped (Fig. 78). California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia.......................................................................................... P. californicus</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F9144FFFAF86E40AAFAB6FA741809	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Benzel, Joseph;Bright, Donald E.	Benzel, Joseph, Bright, Donald E. (2021): A revision of the genus Pachyrhinus Schӧnherr 1823 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae Entiminae) in the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa 4999 (6): 501-533, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4999.6.1
