taxonID	type	description	language	source
039F87E256514957FF43FC06FB6CF8FF.taxon	description	Figs. 2 – 10.	en	Chen, Zhi-Teng (2020): Plecoptera larvae of China: larval descriptions of two stonefly species (Capniidae, Nemouridae) from Jiangsu Province. Zootaxa 4759 (2): 223-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.2.5
039F87E256514957FF43FC06FB6CF8FF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Two male larvae and seven female larvae, China: Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Mt. Zijinshan (Fig. 1), 32 ° 03 ′ 20 ″ N, 118 ° 51 ′ 15 ″ E, 50 m, Jan. 5, 2020, leg. Zhi-Teng Chen (ICJUST). Mature larva. Body length 7.0 – 7.5 mm. General color pale brown, appendages pale (Figs. 2, 3). Head rounded, frontal area covered with pale, soft hairs; clypeus broad and elliptical, with a posterior notch; epicranial suture pale (Figs. 4). Three ocelli somewhat reddish; compound eyes dark and covered with pale, short hairs. Antennae slender, subequal to ⅔ of body length, each segment apically fringed with several short bristles (Fig. 5). Mouthparts typical euholognathan as in Fig. 4 C and Fig. 6, glossa and paraglossa of labium knob-shaped, subequal in length (Fig. 4 C); labial palp short, three-segmented with longest apical segment; maxillary palp five segmented (Fig. 6 A); stipes of maxilla long cylindrical, basal half covered with sparse long bristles; galea hook-shaped, outer margin of apical half fringed with several moderate spines, inner margin glabrous; lacinia semicircular and weakly sclerotized, with long, stout apical teeth, dorsal comb with about 20 long bristles, ventral comb with about 10 long bristles. Mandible with six major unserrated, sclerotized apical teeth, near the apical teeth with a marginal comb of about 13 moderate bristles (Fig. 6 B – D). Cervix elongated and membranous, ventrally with paired lateral cervical sclerites (Fig. 4 A – C). Thoracic terga covered with dense, pale hairs (Fig. 4). Pronotum subquadrate with obtuse corners (Fig. 4 A, B), anterior margin narrower than posterior margin and slightly protruded anterolaterally, lateral margins with long hairs; anterior half of pronotum with a curved transverse suture, pattern indistinct, with small dark brown spots together resembling the letter Х. Wing pads of meso- and metanota pale (Fig. 4 D, E), triangular with a rounded tip, margined with long bristles. Coxae membranous and glabrous dorsally, but ventrally and laterally with short spines; trochanters ventrally with short spines (Figs. 4 C, F, 7). Femora dorsally covered with sparse, short spines (Fig. 7 A, C), ventrally with two longitudinal rows of spines along the two ridges respectively near the outer and inner margins (Fig. 7 B, D). Tibiae evenly covered with short spines, inner and outer margins with long, thick spines; two large tibial spurs present ventrally (Fig. 7 B, D). Outer margin of femora and tibia covered with sparse swimming hairs, the length of which increases in the distal part (Fig. 7 B, D). Tarsal segments with sparse short spines on inner margins; mid tarsal segment shortest; basal tarsal segment two times longer than mid tarsal segment; apical tarsal segment longest, two times longer than basal tarsal segment; outer margins of tarsal segments with sparse swimming hairs (Fig. 7 B, D). Claws sharp, apically sclerotized (Fig. 7). Abdominal segments covered with pale, short hairs; posterior margin of each tergum fringed with long bristles (Fig. 8); terga and sterna distinctly divided (Fig. 9 A, B); terga 1 – 9 generally dark brown; sterna 1 – 8 generally pale brown (Figs. 8 – 9). In male larvae: tergum 10 projected backwards, forming a sharp, apically glabrous process (Fig. 8 C); a slender adult epiproct enclosed within the process; a rounded adult vesicle visible below sternum 9; paraprocts kidney-shaped in ventral view. In female larvae: abdominal segments wider than the male (Fig. 3); tergum 10 posteriorly rounded; paraprocts subtriangular in ventral view. Cerci pale, subequal in length to abdomen, each segment with several long apical bristles, length of which does not exceed the segment length (Figs. 1, 10 A, B).	en	Chen, Zhi-Teng (2020): Plecoptera larvae of China: larval descriptions of two stonefly species (Capniidae, Nemouridae) from Jiangsu Province. Zootaxa 4759 (2): 223-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.2.5
039F87E256514957FF43FC06FB6CF8FF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Capnia zijinshana is the only known capniid species from southeastern China, being restricted to one small stream in Mt. Zijinshan (Du & Chen 2016, Chen & Song 2019). The larvae are similar to the adults, exhibiting hairy body segments and appendages. Both sexes of the larvae are easily separated by the body shape and terminal modifications. In early January no adults of C. zijinshana were collected near the nearly dry stream. Larvae were collected from the fallen leaves in the water and crawled actively when captured by dip net (Fig. 1).	en	Chen, Zhi-Teng (2020): Plecoptera larvae of China: larval descriptions of two stonefly species (Capniidae, Nemouridae) from Jiangsu Province. Zootaxa 4759 (2): 223-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.2.5
039F87E25657495EFF43FF2DFED8F84D.taxon	description	Figs. 11 – 20.	en	Chen, Zhi-Teng (2020): Plecoptera larvae of China: larval descriptions of two stonefly species (Capniidae, Nemouridae) from Jiangsu Province. Zootaxa 4759 (2): 223-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.2.5
039F87E25657495EFF43FF2DFED8F84D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Four male larvae, China: Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Mt. Zijinshan (Fig. 1), 32 ° 03 ′ 20 ″ N, 118 ° 51 ′ 15 ″ E, 50 m, Jan. 5, 2020, leg. Zhi-Teng Chen (ICJUST); one male larva, same locality, Jan. 23, 2019, leg. Zhi-Teng Chen (ICJUST). Mature larva. Body length ca. 5.0 mm. General color light brown, appendages pale (Fig. 11). Head oblong and covered by pale, short hairs; three ocelli indistinct, compound eyes dark and glabrous; anterior half of head dark brown, clypeus contoured by a narrow dark band with mesal notch (Fig. 12 A, B). Epicranial suture pale; a small dark patch beyond epicranial suture, between lateral ocellus and each compound eye; posterior half of head covered with net-shaped rugosities (Fig. 12 A). Antennae subequal in length to abdomen, each segment with an apical fringe of equally short, cylindrical bristles (Figs. 11, 13). Mouthparts typical euholognathan as in Figs. 12 B, 14 and 15, glossa and paraglossa of labium knob-shaped, subequal in length (Fig. 12 B); labial palp short, three-segmented with longest apical segment, maxillary palp five segmented (Fig. 14); cardo of maxilla weakly sclerotized, outer margin of apical half with a row of moderate bristles; stipes of maxilla short, outer margin and ventroapical area with several moderate bristles; galea long and hook-shaped, apex with a bunch of short bristles, outer margin of apical half fringed with a row of long bristles, inner margin slightly serrate; lacinia long triangular and sclerotized, with four major apical teeth, dorsal and ventral combs with about 12 long bristles. Mandible with six major unserrated, sclerotized apical teeth, near the apical teeth with a marginal comb of about 20 moderate bristles and another several (about six) isolated bristles; molar area glabrous (Fig. 15). Cervix elongated and membranous, ventrally with paired lateral cervical sclerites (Fig. 12 A, B). Thoracic terga with irregular brown pattern (Fig. 12 A, C). Pronotum subquadrate, light brown with pale diffuse X-shaped pattern, corners obtuse, margins with moderate spines, the marginal spines reduced near median line of pronotum (Fig. 12 A). Mesonotum anterolaterally fringed with moderate spines which joint and extend backwards along the median suture; wing pads long elliptical, posterolateral margins with several short spines but inner margins glabrous, surface covered with sparse short spines (Fig. 12 C). Metanotum anterolaterally with moderate spines which joint and extend backwards along the median suture; wing pads subtriangular, posterolaterally fringed with several short spines, surface with much fewer short spines than forewing pads (Fig. 12 C). Legs pale. Coxae and trochanters mostly glabrous ventrally, with short spines dorsally (Figs. 12, 16). Femora with patches of short and long thick spines on outer 2 / 3 of dorsal surface and along outer margin, and with a dorsal row of moderate spines near inner margin, but mostly glabrous ventrally; inner margin of femora fringed with a sparse row of short spines (Fig. 16). Tibiae dorsally with two divided longitudinal stripes of long spines, and ventrally with a longitudinal patch of moderate spines; inner and outer margins of tibia with moderate and long spines; two large tibial spurs present ventrally (Fig. 16). Outer margin of femora and tibia covered with sparse swimming hairs (Fig. 16). Tarsal segments mostly glabrous; mid tarsal segment shortest; each segment with an inner row of short hairs; apical tarsal segment with sparse swimming hairs along outer margin (Fig. 16). Claws sharp, apically weakly sclerotized (Fig. 16). Abdominal terga mostly brown (Figs. 17, 18); abdominal sterna mostly pale (Fig. 19). Posterior margins of abdominal segments fringed with thick spines (Figs. 17, 18); less distinct, sparse spines present on posterior 2 / 3 of each segment; boundaries of terga and sterna indistinct (Fig. 19). Terga 6 – 7 each with two pale triangular spots on posterior margins (Figs. 17 A, 18 A). Posterior of tergum 10 with a membranous median process, which covered by short spines (Figs. 17 B, 18 B). Paraprocts subtriangular and covered with sparse long spines (Fig. 19 B, C). Cerci pale, longer than abdomen, each segment apically fringed with long bristles and short cylindrical bristles, length of which increases from basal to distal segments (Figs. 11, 20).	en	Chen, Zhi-Teng (2020): Plecoptera larvae of China: larval descriptions of two stonefly species (Capniidae, Nemouridae) from Jiangsu Province. Zootaxa 4759 (2): 223-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.2.5
039F87E25657495EFF43FF2DFED8F84D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The positive association of larvae and adults of N. nankinensis was confirmed by fact only two stonefly species occurred in the sampled stream. General larval morphology of N. nankinensis is consistent with the generic definition of Stewart & Stark (2002) except for the mandible and maxilla, which are apparently diagnostic characters between species of Nemoura. Additional description of larvae will allow for future comparative morphological studies.	en	Chen, Zhi-Teng (2020): Plecoptera larvae of China: larval descriptions of two stonefly species (Capniidae, Nemouridae) from Jiangsu Province. Zootaxa 4759 (2): 223-236, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.2.5
