identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0391554CFF831124FF13FF1CFEF3898C.text	0391554CFF831124FF13FF1CFEF3898C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Penghou	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Penghou new genus</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–25)</p>
            <p>Body length: 1.90–2.20 mm; body width (widest point of elytra): 0.80–1.10 mm. Pronotum width to length: 1.08– 1.12. Width of elytra at base (in middle of humeral calli) to width of pronotum at base: 1.30–1.40.</p>
            <p>Head, pronotum except base, ventral side of body, and femora dark brown to black with light bronzish tint. Elytral disc, basal part of pronotum, tibiae, tarsi, and antennae light brown. Elytral surface and frontal part of pronotum with sparse, erect hairs (Figs 1, 2).</p>
            <p>Head (Figs 3, 6) with midcranial and frontal sutures absent. Supraorbital sulcus shallow, sometimes consisting of few long and parallel wrinkles. Orbital sulcus and supracallinal sulci well developed. Supraantennal sulcus shallow, poorly developed. Supracallinal sulcus oblique and slightly convex. Midfrontal sulcus well developed, long; antennal calli completely separated. Suprafrontal and frontolateral sulci well developed. Antennal callus long, oblique, nearly trapezoidal, entering interantennal space. Surface of antennal callus above surface of vertex. Frontal ridge and vertex separated by antennal calli. Width of frontal ridge to width of antennal socket (counting surrounding ridges) 0.70–0.75. Frontal ridge in lateral view moderately convex. Area below antennal socket concave. Orbit normally wide, nearly as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Distance between eyes above antennal sockets to transverse diameter of eye in frontal view 3.25–3.32. Sides of head below eyes converging ventrally. Labrum flat, trapezoid, with 2 pairs of setae; anterior margin slightly emarginate. Apical maxillary palpomere conical (Fig. 5). Preapical maxillary palpomere much wider than apical palpomere. Antennal sockets situated below middle of eye. Antenna filiform, with 11 antennomeres. Length of antenna over pronotum reaching middle of elytron.</p>
            <p>Pronotum (Fig. 6) about as long as wide, with sides only slightly convex. Pronotal surface near base slightly transversely impressed, impression without distinct borders. Pronotal surface near apex with two oblique, shallow impressions forming in middle an even shallower impression. Pronotal base straight. Lateral margin of pronotum slightly explanate, with short setae. Anterolateral callosity relatively long, nearly parallel to lateral margin. Posterolateral callosity short, not protruding beyond lateral margin. Pronotal punctures larger and denser at base than at apex. A few short setae situated on apical margin and on basal margin near corners. Procoxal cavities open (Fig. 8). Intercoxal prosternal process thin, extends beyond procoxae, lateral sides concave, posterior end slightly widened and straight.</p>
            <p>Scutellum present. Elytron (Fig. 15) with punctures confused, dorsal surface covered with sparse erected setae. Elytra at base wider than base of pronotum. Humeral calli well developed. Basal calli poorly developed with shallow impression posteriad. Epipleura (Fig. 17) oblique outwardly, gradually narrowing from base to apex, reaching end of side of elytron, but not apex. Width of epipleura in middle equal to width of metafemur at apex. Internal surface of elytron (Figs 16, 18–20) with 2 binding patches, spicules in middle of basal patch shovel shaped (Fig. 20), spicules on more distant patch ogival in shape, slightly bent anteriorly (Fig 19). Mesosternum (Fig. 8) without elevated projection in middle. Metasternum (Fig. 10) anteriorly without elevated projection in middle and not projecting forward hiding mesosternum. Metepisternum anteriorly wider than posteriorly.</p>
            <p>Abdominal ventrites 1 and 2 not fused (Fig. 10). Abdominal ventrite 1 as long as ventrites 2, 3 and 4 together. Abdominal ventrite 5 longer than ventrites 4 and 3 together, evenly convex in female, in male obliquely cut on sides with lobe in middle. First abdominal ventrite beween coxae without longitudinal ridges, with apex narrowly truncate. Last visible tergite without longitudinal groove in middle.</p>
            <p> Protibial and mesotibial spurs absent. Metatibia straight (Figs 7, 11, 12). Metatibia in crossection around its middle more or less cylindrical. Middle part of metatibia dorsally convex. Bristles present on lateral and mesal sides of metatibiae. Metatarsomere 1 attached to apex of metatibia. Apical spur of metatibia simple, much shorter than maximum width of metatibial tip, narrow, ending in one tooth, situated medially. Tarsus with tarsomere 3 round, wider than long, with small incision in middle. First metatarsomere relatively long, but shorter than those in  Longitarsus Latreille , convex dorsally, flat ventrally. Claws slightly appendiculate (Fig. 13). Wing with generally reduced veins. Radial vein slender, rp-mp2 short (Fig. 21). </p>
            <p>Median lobe of male genitalia in cross section somewhat oval (Fig. 25).</p>
            <p>Spermatheca with distinct border between receptacle and pump. Receptacle longer than wide, much wider and longer than pump, straight. Spermathecal duct curved, without coils (Fig. 23). Vaginal palpi not fused medially, with length many times greater than width (Fig. 22). Tignum with narrow base and dilated apex (Fig. 24).</p>
            <p> Etymology. We named the genus after the  Pénghoú () , a tree spirit from Chinese folklore. The name is masculine. </p>
            <p> Type species.  Penghou yulongshan Ruan, Konstantinov, Prathapan, Ge, Yang ,  new species . </p>
            <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan province.).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Penghou is markedly different from all known genera of Chinese and broadly Oriental flea beetles. However, based on the general shape of the beetle body, setose elytra and general shape of the legs,  Penghou is similar to  Hespera and related genera (  Hesperomorpha Ogloblin and  Taiwanohespera Kimoto ),  Laotzeus Chen ,  Luperomorpha ,  Mandarella Duvivier ,  Omeiana Chen , and  Stenoluperus Ogloblin. Penghou may be easily distinguished from the latter genera based on the following characters: smaller body size (maximum— 2.2 mm, while average body size of  Hespera —  Stenoluperus is 3.6 mm); pronotum clearly elongate, about as long as wide, pronotum in  Hespera —  Stenoluperus generally much wider than long; pronotum with weak antebasal transverse impression and two oblique impression near apex, pronotum in  Hespera —  Stenoluperus (except for  Laotzeus ) lacks impressions, respectively; anterolateral callosity of pronotum elongate, barely extending beyond pronotal margin, the callosity is rounded, extending far beyond pronotal margin in  Hespera —  Stenoluperus (except some species of  Luperomorpha ); supracallinal sulci oblique, they are generally perpendicular to mid of the head in  Hespera —  Stenoluperus . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391554CFF831124FF13FF1CFEF3898C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ruan, Yong-Ying;Konstantinov, Alexander S.;Prathapan, K. D.;Ge, Si-Qin;Yang, Xing-Ke	Ruan, Yong-Ying, Konstantinov, Alexander S., Prathapan, K. D., Ge, Si-Qin, Yang, Xing-Ke (2015): Penghou, a new genus of flea beetles from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini). Zootaxa 3973 (2): 300-308, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.5
0391554CFF871127FF13F8ABFE1B8B65.text	0391554CFF871127FF13F8ABFE1B8B65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Penghou yulongshan	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Penghou yulongshan new species</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–25)</p>
            <p>Body length: 1.90–2.20 mm; body width: 0.80–1.10 mm. Ratio of pronotum width at base to width at apex: 1.00– 1.05. Elytra length (along suture) to width of both (maximum): 1.59–1.63. Length of elytron to length of pronotum: 2.70–2.90. Abdomen length to height of the body (in lateral view including metasternum): 2.65–2.72.</p>
            <p>Head, pronotum except base, lateral sides of elytra, ventral side of body, basal antennomere, and femora dark brown to black with light bronzish tint. Elytral disc, basal part of pronotum, tibae, and tarsi, and antennomere second to seventh light brown. Elytral surface and frontal part of pronotum with sparse, erect hairs.</p>
            <p>Vertex with shallow, oblique grooves above antennal calli. Surface of vertex covered with mostly transverse wrinkles and with few shallow punctures. Orbit with 2 setiferous punctures. Supraorbital pore barely recognized. Distance between antennal sockets to transverse diameter of one antennal socket 1.25–1.30.</p>
            <p>Antennomere 1 shorter than next two combined. Antennomere 2 about as long but wider than antennomere 3, shorter than 4. Antennomere 5 about as long as antennomeres 4 and 6 separately. Lenght to width of antennomere 9: 1.75–1.80; 10: 1.62–1.68; and 11: 2.25–2.35.</p>
            <p>Pronotal surface covered with relatively coarse punctures, distance between them about as great or greater than their diameter. Punctures on sides form relatively deep, oblique wrinkles.</p>
            <p>Elytral punctures on disc about as large and dense as pronotal punctures, smaller sparser and shallower on sides and apex.</p>
            <p>Length (not counting trochanter) to maximum width of metafemur 2.35–2.45. Length to width of metatibia in lateral view 5.60–5.70. Width of metatibia at base to width at apex in dorsal view 0.44–0.45. Lenght of metatibia to lenght of first metatarsomere 2.80–2.85. Length of metafumur to metatibia 1.15–1.20. Apical spur of metatibia simple, narrow, ending in one tooth, situated medially. First protarsomere of males about as wide and long as in females. First protarsomere of male, length to width ratio (in dorsal view): 1.62–1.70. Length of first protarsomere to length of second protarsomere: 1.40–1.45. Width of first protarsomere to width of second protarsomere: 1.12– 1.17. First metatarsomere of male, length to width ratio (in dorsal view): 3.10–3.12. Length of first metatarsomere to length of second metatarsomere: 1.50–1.60. Width of first metatarsomere to width of second metarsomere: 0.97– 1.02. Length of fourth metatarsomere to length of third metatarsomere: 1.80–1.90.</p>
            <p>Median lobe of male genitalia relatively short and wide, with apex narrowing broadly, lacking denticle. Ventral surface with relatively narrow groove, widening abruptly in apical one third.</p>
            <p>Spermathecal receptacle nearly cylindrical with straight inner side and slightly curved outer side. Border between receptacle and pump making a “lip” on internal side. Spermathecal duct long, making 3 turns in a single plain. Vaginal palpi separated medially, with apex gradually convex laterally and nearly straight medially, bearing about 9 long setae. Posterior end of tignum relatively well sclerotised, forming two highly sclerotized, long teeth at the end.</p>
            <p> Etymology. This species is named after the mountain region in Yunnan,  Yulongshan where it was collected. </p>
            <p> Holotype. male: 1) China, Yunnan, Lijiang, 29.V. 2002,  Yulongshan , Black River, 2800m, N27°08'46" E100°15'03", leg. A. Konstantinov &amp; M. Volkovitsh; 2) ♂; 3) Holotype; 4)  Penghou yulongshan n. sp. des. Ruan et al. 2014 (IZCAS). </p>
            <p> Paratypes. Male and female: 1) China, Yunnan, 30.V.2002, 20km N Lijiang  Yulongshan , 3406m, dry river, N27°05'39" E100°13'45", leg. A.Konstantinov &amp;M. Volkovitsh; 2) Paratype  Penghou yulongshan new species , des. Ruan et al. 2014 (2 USNM). Male: 1) China, Yunnan, 32km N. Lijiang, 02.VI.2002, Yak Meadow, 3600m N27°10'11" E100°14'55", leg. A.Konstantinov &amp;M. Volkovitsh; 2) Paratype  Penghou yulongshan new species , des. Ruan et al. 2014 (USNM). Male: 1) China, Yunnan, Lijiang, 29.V.2002,  Yulongshan , Black River 2800m N27°08'46" E100°15'03", leg. A.Konstantinov &amp;M. Volkovitsh; 2) Paratype  Penghou yulongshan n. sp. , des. Ruan et al. 2014 (USNM). </p>
            <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan province.).</p>
            <p>Host plant. Unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391554CFF871127FF13F8ABFE1B8B65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ruan, Yong-Ying;Konstantinov, Alexander S.;Prathapan, K. D.;Ge, Si-Qin;Yang, Xing-Ke	Ruan, Yong-Ying, Konstantinov, Alexander S., Prathapan, K. D., Ge, Si-Qin, Yang, Xing-Ke (2015): Penghou, a new genus of flea beetles from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini). Zootaxa 3973 (2): 300-308, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.5
