taxonID	type	description	language	source
8BFC8436CAEA7DDFFC4DC127A10046C3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hererolandia most closely resembles Lophocarpinia, but differs in having scattered curved, deflexed prickles on shoots (vs. scattered straight, conical spines, as well as modified, short, lateral, spinescent branchlets), pinnate leaves with (4 -) 5 - 7 (- 9) pairs of leaflets, arranged in fascicles (vs. alternate, pinnate leaves with 2 - 3 pairs of leaflets), and leaflets elliptic to oblong-elliptic (vs. leaflets obovate or elliptic-orbicular). The most distinctive feature of Hererolandia is the thinly woody, laterally compressed, almost circular to strongly sickle-shaped, usually 1 - seeded fruit, covered in robust trichomes up to 6 mm long (vs. a segmented, falcate, lomentaceous fruit, with 4 coarsely serrate wings, breaking up into 1 - seeded units).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
8BFC8436CAEA7DDFFC4DC127A10046C3.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Hererolandia pearsonii (L. Bolus) E. Gagnon & G. P. Lewis ≡ Caesalpinia pearsonii L. Bolus	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
8BFC8436CAEA7DDFFC4DC127A10046C3.taxon	description	Description. A multi-stemmed shrub to 2 m, but usually less than 1 m tall, armed with curved, deflexed, 7 mm long prickles scattered along the branches; bark white or brown; stems terete and slightly sinuous, with a fine silvery indumentum on the young twigs, older stems glabrescent. Stipules not seen. Leaves pinnate, 7 - 17 mm long, subsessile, borne in fascicles on short woody brachyblasts that are usually subtended by a pair of tiny (sometimes obscure) prickles; leaflets opposite, (4 -) 5 - 7 (- 9) pairs per pinna, eglandular, covered in a fine silvery pubescence, 5 - 6.5 x 2.5 - 3 mm, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, apex obtuse, with an acuminate tip, main vein prominent, secondary venation not visible. Inflorescence a short raceme of bisexual flowers, about 5 cm long, usually borne on brachyblasts, covered in a fine silvery pubescence, with prickles along the inflorescence rachis; bracts about 2 - 3 x 1.5 mm, ovate, apex acute, caducous. Flowers zygomorphic; calyx with a short hypanthium, and 5 free sepals, c. 3 - 5 mm long, finely white pubescent, with the lower sepal cucullate and covering the other 4 sepals in bud, all sepals caducous, but hypanthium persistent as a ring around the stipe of the fruit; petals 5, yellow, free, c. 6 - 9 mm long, obovate; stamens 10, free, up to 10 mm long, eglandular, pubescent on the lower half; ovary pubescent, stigma a fringed and slightly indented chamber. Fruit a thinly woody, laterally compressed, almost circular to strongly sickle-shaped pod, c. 2 - 2.3 x 1 - 1.5 cm, dehiscing along the sutures, finely pubescent and covered in robust trichomes up to 6 mm long, usually 1 - seeded. Seeds laterally compressed, about 6 - 8 mm long.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
8BFC8436CAEA7DDFFC4DC127A10046C3.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A monospecific genus endemic to Namibia, on the Great Escarpment.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
8BFC8436CAEA7DDFFC4DC127A10046C3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Semiarid Hereroland, a region of eastern Namibia, is the type locality of Hererolandia pearsonii. The Herero people who inhabit this region are nomadic cattle herders and it is they and their region that are honoured in the name proposed for this monospecific genus, endemic to this restricted area of Namibia.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
C4BE3FFFBB3556D7AC719E72F443FAE6.taxon	materials_examined	Type. NAMIBIA, Ababes, breccia banks of Tsondab River below farm, 29 Dec 1915, Pearson 9162 (holotype: BOL; isotypes: K!, GRA, NBG, PRE).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
74211485F10D35C1EE17BB5BA1D62337.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Lophocarpinia aculeatifolia (Burkart) Burkart ≡ Cenostigma aculeatifolium Burkart.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
74211485F10D35C1EE17BB5BA1D62337.taxon	description	Description. Shrub 0.5 (- 3) m tall, armed with scattered straight, conical, 2 - 5 mm long spines on shoots; leaves and inflorescences crowded on brachyblasts; shoots glabrous, reddish, the lateral ones sometimes, spinescent. Stipules acuminate, caducous. Leaves alternate, paripinnate, 5 - 10 mm long; leaflets in 2 (- 3) pairs, obovate or elliptic-orbicular, 4 - 7 x 2 - 2.4 mm, finely pubescent, eglandular, with a pair of small prickles at the insertions of the leaflets. Inflorescences short, corymbiform, pubescent racemes, each with 3 - 6 bisexual flowers; bracts small, caducous. Flowers zygomorphic, 1 - 1.5 cm long; calyx with a turbinate, fleshy hypanthium, and 5 oblong, pubescent, caducous sepals, lower sepal cucullate and covering the other 4 sepals in bud, embracing the androecium and gynoecium at anthesis; petals 5, yellow to yellow-orange, free, the median petal differentiated from the rest by a fleshy claw and wavy blade margins, pubescent; stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent; ovary glabrous; stigma apical, concave. Fruit a lomentum, with 1 - 5 segments, falcate, with 4 coarsely serrate wings. Seeds ellipsoid to reniform, smooth.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
74211485F10D35C1EE17BB5BA1D62337.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A monospecific genus restricted to Argentina and Paraguay (possibly also occurring in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, pers. comm. H. C. de Lima).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
74211485F10D35C1EE17BB5BA1D62337.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From lopho - (Greek: combed or crested) and carpos (Greek: fruit), the fruit has 4 crested wings, the ending - inia signifies a close relationship with Caesalpinia.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
8368D82657075A0793A979B6F2125A61.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Haematoxylum campechianum L.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
8368D82657075A0793A979B6F2125A61.taxon	description	Description. Multi-stemmed shrubs to 3 m, to medium-sized trees, 3 - 15 m in height, armed with scattered straight conical spines, 0.5 - 1.5 cm long on shoots, and the short, lateral shoots spinescent; mature trees with conspicuously fluted trunks, shrubs often with ribbed branches; young stems reddish brown to grey, glabrous to pubescent, eglandular (or with stalked glands in Haematoxylum dinteri). Leaves alternate, pinnate or bipinnate (both can be present on the same individual in some species), glabrous to pubescent, eglandular, 1 - 10 cm long; pinnate leaves with 2 - 6 pairs of leaflets, 2.5 - 35 x 3 - 30 mm, glabrous to slightly pubescent, eglandular; bipinnate leaves with 1 - 3 pairs of pinnae plus a terminal pinna, each pinna with 2 - 5 (- 6) pairs of leaflets, 5 - 11 x 2 - 4.5 mm; leaflets in opposite pairs, obcordate to obovate, apex emarginate to obtuse, base cuneate to attenuate (occasionally obtuse), short-petiolulate; primary vein centric, secondary veins ascending, and forming a sharp angle with the primary vein. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes or panicles of pedicellate flowers; rachis and pedicels unarmed, glabrous to pubescent, eglandular or glandular. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic to zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium and 5 free sepals that are c. 6 - 7 mm long, glabrous to pubescent, eglandular or glandular, the lower sepal cucullate and slightly covering the other 4 in bud, sepals caducous, hypanthium persisting in fruit, forming a calyx ring; petals 5, yellow to pale yellow or white, free, imbricate, obovate to oblanceolate, 4 - 10 mm long; stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent, particularly on the lower half; ovary glabrous to pubescent. Fruit flattened, membranaceous to chartaceous, oblong to fusiform (occasionally falcate), apex rounded to obtuse, base acute, dehiscing along the middle of the valves, or near the margin of the fruit, but never along the sutures, 10 - 50 x 4 - 15 mm, 1 - 3 - seeded. Seeds oblong to reniform, flattened, 6 - 12 x 3.8 - 5 mm.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
8368D82657075A0793A979B6F2125A61.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. Haematoxylum comprises five species: two in Central America (Salvador to Costa Rica), Mexico, South America (Colombia and Venezuela) and the Caribbean (perhaps introduced), two endemic to Mexico and one in Southern Africa (Namibia).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
8368D82657075A0793A979B6F2125A61.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From haemato - (Greek: bloody) and xylon (Greek: wood), alluding to the blood-red heartwood of Haematoxylum campechianum L. which produces a brilliant red dye.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
60C5AB133703D4BD2BAD032A3F339602.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Paubrasilia is closely related to Caesalpinia, but differs in habit, forming medium-sized to large trees, 5 - 15 + m tall, armed with small to large upturned prickles, these usually arising from woody protuberances (vs. shrubs or small to medium sized trees, usually 1 - 6 m tall, unarmed or armed with curved deflexed prickles, either occurring in pairs at the base of leaves, or scattered on shoots, or both, and sometimes present at the base of trunk). Paubrasilia also differs from Caesalpinia by having alternate pinnae with consistently alternate leaflets (vs. opposite pinnae with opposite to alternate leaflets), the median petal with a blood red central blotch (vs. the median petal lacking a red central blotch) and a spiny, woody, finely pubescent, sub-lunate, 1 - 2 - seeded pod (vs. an unarmed, glabrous, oblong-elliptic, generally 3 - 7 - seeded pod, with a marcescent style forming an acute apex).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
60C5AB133703D4BD2BAD032A3F339602.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Paubrasilia echinata (Lam.) E. Gagnon, H. C. Lima & G. P. Lewis ≡ Caesalpinia echinata Lam.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
60C5AB133703D4BD2BAD032A3F339602.taxon	description	Description. Medium sized to large trees, 5 - 15 + m tall, armed with small to large upturned prickles, these usually arising from woody protuberances, 1 - 20 mm long (the prickles often sparse or lacking on more mature specimens and larger, older branches); bark chestnut brown to almost black with greyish pustular lenticels, flaking in large woody plates; heartwood red, with the trunk exuding a red sap when injured. Stipules lanceloate, acute to acuminate, caducous. Leaves bipinnate, ending with a pair of pinnae; petiole and rachis finely tomentose; pinnae alternate, the terminal pair opposite to subopposite, with (2 -) 3 - 20 pairs of pinnae per leaf; leaflets alternate, with (2 -) 3 - 19 (- 21) leaflets per pinna (generally the number of leaflets is inversely proportional to their size), 0.9 - 5 x 0.5 - 3.6 cm (although some specimens have leaflets up to 12 cm long), leaflet blades coriaceous, broadly oblong to subrhombic, apex rounded, obtuse or emarginate, base asymmetric, eglandular, glabrous, midvein excentric, secondary veins brochidodromous. Inflorescence a terminal, or occasionally axillary, finely tomentose raceme or panicle, with c. 15 - 40 flowers; bracts broadly ovate-triangular, apex acute to acuminate, less than 1 mm long, pubescent, caducous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx a tomentose hypanthium with 5 sepals, that are c. 5 - 9 mm long, the lowest sepal cucullate, covering the other 4 in bud, all sepals caducous but the hypanthium persisting as a free ring around the pedicel as the pod matures; petals 5, free, bright yellow, the median petal with a blood-red blotch on the inner face, c. 11 - 15 x 4 - 10 mm, all petals eglandular, broadly-obovate to slightly spathulate, the petal claws pubescent; stamens 10, free, 7 - 9 mm long, eglandular, densely pubescent on lower half; ovary pubescent with small spines intermixed, stigma a subterminal fringed-chamber. Fruit a spiny, finely pubescent, sub-lunate, woody, 5.5 - 7.3 x 1.9 - 2.6 cm, elastically dehiscent pod with twisting valves, 1 - 2 - seeded. Seeds laterally compressed, ovate-obovate.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
60C5AB133703D4BD2BAD032A3F339602.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A monospecific genus endemic to Eastern Brazil, in the states of Pernambuco, Bahia, Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro. Widely cultivated in Brazil as an ornamental street or park tree, and sometimes in plantations.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
60C5AB133703D4BD2BAD032A3F339602.taxon	etymology	Etymology. " Pau-brasil " is the national tree of Brazil, and has long been associated with the country. Its red sap was once used for dying cotton and cloth and its wood is much prized for the manufacture of high quality violin bows. Originally described as Caesalpinia echinata by Lamarck in 1785, it is appropriate that this phylogenetically isolated taxon should be placed in its own monospecific genus and a Latinization of its well-known and much used common name recognises the importance of the species to Brazil. For a detailed account of this iconic species refer to Pau-brasil by E. Bueno [et al.], Sao Paulo, Axis Mundi (2002).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
CEBD232F36565578B5E51F7E42BF938D.taxon	materials_examined	Type. [BRAZIL] " In locis mari vicinis non apparet, sed tantum in mediterraneis silvis, unde magno labore ad littoralia vehitur " (Lectotype: [icon] " Ibirapitanga, sive Lignvm Rvbrvm " in Piso, De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica: 164. 1658, designated here).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
70148D7541E600510A7EDA65E2B9AFAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Caesalpinia resembles Guilandina, but differs in habit, comprising armed shrubs and small trees (vs. armed lianas and scrambling / trailing shrubs). It also differs in having racemes of bisexual flowers (vs. racemes of unisexual flowers), sepals imbricate in bud, with a pronounced lower cucullate sepal (vs. sepals valvate in bud), zygomorphic corollas variable in colour (yellow, white, red, orange, pink or green), with petals extending well beyond the sepals (vs. zygomorphic to sub-actinomorphic, yellow corollas, with petals barely extending beyond the sepals), coriaceous, oblong-elliptic to linear, laterally compressed, glabrous pods (vs. oblong-elliptic inflated pods, usually armed with 5 - 10 mm long spinescent bristles), and obovoid, laterally compressed seeds (vs. obovoid globular seeds).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
70148D7541E600510A7EDA65E2B9AFAE.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Caesalpinia brasiliensis L.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
70148D7541E600510A7EDA65E2B9AFAE.taxon	description	Emended description. Shrubs or small trees, usually 1 - 6 m tall, armed with curved deflexed prickles (except Caesalpinia nipensis which is unarmed), these either in pairs at the base of leaves, or scattered along the shoots (or both), or sometimes on woody protuberances at the base of trunks and stems; young shoots terete, glabrous and eglandular. Stipules not seen. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, c. 4 - 30 cm long, ending with a pair of pinnae, unarmed, or sometimes with a pair of prickles at the insertion of the pinnae on the leaf rachis, sometimes also at the insertions of the leaflets on the pinna rachis; pinnae opposite, in (1 -) 2 - 6 pairs per leaf; leaflets alternate to opposite, in 3 - 13 pairs per pinna, short-petiolulate, blades suborbicular, obovate or elliptic, apex mucronate, rounded or emarginate, base cuneiform, rounded or oblique; main vein centric, secondary veins reticulate. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary raceme or panicle of pedicellate, bisexual flowers, c. 5 - 37 cm long, unarmed; bracts lanceolate or ovate, apex acute to acuminate, caducous. Flowers zygomorphic, c. 13 - 25 mm long; calyx comprising a hypanthium with 5 sepals, that are each c. 7 - 17 mm long, glabrous to occasionally finely puberulous, always eglandular, the lower sepal strongly cucullate and covering the other 4 sepals in bud, all sepals caducous, but hypanthium persistent as a free ring around the pedicel as the fruit matures; petals 5, variable in colour (yellow, white, red, orange, or green; certain horticultural varieties are also pink), the corolla also variable in shape (related to different pollination systems: bees, butterflies, birds and bats); stamens 10, free, c. 10 - 65 mm long, the filaments pubescent, eglandular; ovary glabrous and eglandular. Fruit a wingless, unarmed, coriaceous, glabrous, eglandular, oblong-elliptic, or linear pod, with a marcescent style forming an acute apex, c. 34 - 120 x 7 - 26 mm, explosively dehiscent, with twisting valves, 3 - 7 - seeded. Seeds laterally compressed, obovate, up to 10 mm in diameter.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
70148D7541E600510A7EDA65E2B9AFAE.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. Caesalpinia, as re-circumscribed here, is reduced to around nine species (a detailed taxonomic revision is needed to properly delimit species), and is now restricted to the Neotropics (apart from the pantropically cultivated Caesalpinia pulcherrima). All the Old World species previously included in Caesalpinia s. s. sensu Lewis (2005) are here transferred to other genera. One species (Caesalpinia cassioides) occurs in the northern Andes from Peru to Colombia, one (Caesalpinia pulcherrima) is likely native in Guatemala and the state of Sonora in Mexico), two occur in the Caribbean (one, Caesalpinia nipensis, is endemic to Cuba, the other widely distributed and possibly divisible into six separate species, all of which are listed below). Caesalpinia pulcherrima is a widely cultivated ornamental throughout the tropics. It includes red, orange, pink, and pure yellow-flowered forms and cultivated specimens are usually unarmed and lack bristles (unlike wild specimens which are armed and bristly).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
70148D7541E600510A7EDA65E2B9AFAE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named by Linnaeus for Andrea Cesalpino (1519 - 1603), Italian naturalist, botanical collector, systematist and philosopher, physician to Pope Clement VIII, professor of medicine and botany in Pisa and Rome.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
BB7AA91C05975547A6BA60EDE945D89F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Denisophytum is closely related to Tara (Fig. 3), but differs in having flowers with a lower cucullate sepal with an entire margin (vs. a lower cucullate sepal with a pectinate margin), and dehiscent, coriaceous, laterally compressed pods (except for Denisophytum madagascariense which has inflated fruits) (vs. indehiscent, somewhat fleshy, coriaceous pods that are slightly turgid). Morphologically, species of Denisophytum are most likely to be confused with those of Caesalpinia s. s., but no reliable diagnostic characters have been found to differentiate these two genera. The corolla of Denisophytum species is consistently yellow and the flowers are bee pollinated, whereas Caesalpinia s. s. species display a wide range of flower colour (yellow, orange, red, green and white) and pollination syndromes (chiropterophily, ornitophily, psychophily and mellitophily).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
BB7AA91C05975547A6BA60EDE945D89F.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Denisophytum madagascariense R. Vig.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
BB7AA91C05975547A6BA60EDE945D89F.taxon	description	Emended description. Shrubs to small trees, 0.5 - 2 (- 5) m tall, armed with straight or curved, deflexed prickles, scattered along shoots and also in pairs at the petiole base (except Denisophytum madagascariense which is unarmed); young twigs glabrous to pubescent, eglandular. Stipules either minute or foliaceous and conspicuous, caducous (persistent in Denisophytum stuckertii). Leaves alternate, bipinnate, ending with a pair of pinnae; petiole and rachis glabrous and eglandular, with membranous or spinulose stipels at the insertions of pinnae on the leaf rachis, occasionally also at the insertion of the leaflets on the pinnae; pinnae opposite, in 1 - 6 pairs per leaf; leaflets opposite, in 2 - 10 (- 11) pairs per pinna, elliptic, obovate to orbicular, with a rounded, acuminate or emarginate apex, c. 2 - 25 x 3 - 12 mm, leaflet blades glabrous to pubescent, eglandular. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary raceme; bracts caducous (acuminate and filiform in Denisophytum stuckertii). Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx a short hypanthium with 5 sepals, c. 4 - 10 mm long, eglandular, glabrous to finely pubescent, lower sepal cucullate and covering the other 4 sepals in bud, all sepals caducous, leaving a persistent free hypanthium ring on the pedicel as the fruit develops; petals 5, free, yellow, the median petal sometimes with red markings on the inner face of the blade, c. 5 - 10 mm long, obovate, petal claw almost absent (present in Denisophytum madagascariense); stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent and eglandular (8 - 11 mm long in Denisophytum madagascariense), anthers dorsifixed, glabrous to pubescent; ovary glabrous. Fruits coriaceous, oblong-elliptic, laterally compressed (but inflated in Denisophytum madagascariense), glabrous, eglandular pods with a tapering, sharp beak, 18 - 49 x 5 - 15 mm, elastically dehiscent, with twisting valves. Seeds ovoid, laterally compressed.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
BB7AA91C05975547A6BA60EDE945D89F.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. Denisophytum comprises nine taxa in eight species, found across North America, South America and Africa, including Madagascar, a classical highly disjunct trans-continental distribution typical of lineages occupying the succulent biome sensu Schrire et al. (2005). Three species are distributed in Mexico, Florida, and the Caribbean, one species is endemic to Paraguay and Argentina, one is endemic to northern Madagascar, and the other three occur in northern Kenya, Somalia and Arabia. An evaluation of species limits is needed in this group.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
BB7AA91C05975547A6BA60EDE945D89F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. There is no indication of the etymology of Denisophytum in the posthumous publication of the generic name. Nevertheless, it is quite likely that the author, Rene Viguier, had intended to honour his friend and collaborator, Marcel Denis, a botanist with expertise in the genus Euphorbia in Madagascar. Sadly, M. Denis passed away prematurely at the age of 33 in 1929 (Allorge and Allorge 1930).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
0C15111584D85DE5B4F57D7C8106235E.taxon	materials_examined	Type. SOMALIA, Uebi, Aug 1891, Robecchi-Bricchetti 622 (FI). Denisophytum bessac is based on depauperate material and is of dubious status (Thulin, 1993).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
02628BFED013558689C127D14B5346B3.taxon	materials_examined	Type. HAITI, " inter Gonaives et Grosmorne ad Perou ", Buch 322 (holotype presumed at B †).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
0B2E9E32E0D05D1A987432F9659E9EA0.taxon	materials_examined	Type. SOMALIA, from Obbia to Wuarandi, Aug 1891, Robecchi-Bricchetti 534 (syntype FI, fragments K!); and Boscaglia between Attod and Doldobscio, Apr 1924, Puccioni & Stefanini 450 (syntype FI).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
EBFBE30DA8B05662B869225C0C7A726F.taxon	materials_examined	Type. KENYA, Northern Frontier Province, Banessa-Ramu, 23 May 1952, Gillett 13274 (holotype K!; isotype EA).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
08E5613B84FD50108DE2F3A3DDD40A10.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MADAGASCAR, Loky R. basin, Perrier de la Bathie 4147 (holotype P). Caesalpinia antsiranensis Capuron, Adansonia, ser. 2, 7: 203. 1967. Type. MADAGASCAR, NE of Diego Suarez [Antsiranana], Orangea, Capuron 22990 - SF (holotype P).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
1845815629AE5C96BC08E7AD19C4DA2A.taxon	materials_examined	Type. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (Santo Domingo) prope Azua, Rose, Fitch & Russell 3861 (holotype US, photo K!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
EEBD38F16B45542B9007064E16CECB83.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Bolson de Mapimi, 10 May 1847, Gregg s. n. (syntype NY); Mexico, Coahuila, on hills and mesas about Jumulco, May 1885, Pringle 202 (syntypes BR, CAS, CORD!, E, F, GH, GOET, JE, K!, MO, PH, SI!, US).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
0134C8FD39ED53BFBF0720603D5A2E85.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ARGENTINA, Prov. Tucuman, Dept. Bunyacu: prope Canada Alegre, 5 Jan 1900, Stuckert 21276 (? holotype SI). Caesalpinia herzogii Harms, in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 27: 38 (1915). Type. ARGENTINA, Gran Chaco: near Camoteras, Nov 1910, Herzog 1077 (? holotype L). Caesalpinia stuckertii var. robusta Hassl., in Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg. Veg. 12: 202. 1913. Type. ARGENTINA, Prov. Tucuman, Depto. Bunyacu: Canada Alegre, 31 Dec 1908, Stuckert 19726 (? holotype SI).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
7ABD34E55BE45EE0BB6BA1C7BA2D3228.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tara differs from the closely related Coulteria in having racemose or paniculate inflorescences of bisexual flowers (vs. racemose inflorescences of unisexual flowers), indehiscent, laterally compressed, oblong, straight, slightly turgid and somewhat fleshy, coriaceous, sessile pods (vs. chartaceous to papyraceous, laterally-compressed, oblong to elliptic, occasionally suborbicular, pods, with a stipe ca. 4 - 13 mm long), and ellipsoid (vs. ovate-orbicular to sub-quadrate, compressed) seeds.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
7ABD34E55BE45EE0BB6BA1C7BA2D3228.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Tara tinctoria Molina ≡ Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
7ABD34E55BE45EE0BB6BA1C7BA2D3228.taxon	description	Emended description. Shrubs or trees, 3 - 5 (- 8) m tall, armed with deflexed prickles on the shoots; twigs glabrous to puberulent. Stipules not seen. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, ending with a pair of pinnae, sometimes armed with prickles at the base of the pinnae and leaflets; pinnae in 2 - 5 opposite pairs; leaflets opposite, in 1 - 8 pairs per pinna, obovate, broadly elliptic to oblong-elliptic, apex rounded, obtuse, to slightly emarginate, base equal or asymmetrical, rounded to cuneate, 10 - 46 x 7 - 35 mm, eglandular, glabrous or pubescent on lower surface; primary vein centric, secondary venation reticulate. Inflorescences in terminal or axillary racemes or panicles, rachis c. 5 - 30 cm long, glabrous or puberulous, eglandular, unarmed; bracts minute, usually under 3 mm long, with a long acuminate tip, caducous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx a hypanthium with five sepals that are 6 - 9 mm long, eglandular, glabrous to puberulous, lower sepal cucullate covering the other 4 sepals in bud, with a pectinate, fimbriate or entire margin, sepals caducous, but the hypanthium persisting as a calyx ring around the pedicel as the pod matures; petals 5, free, yellow, the median petal with red markings, c. 10 mm long; stamens 10, free, the filaments pubescent, eglandular. Fruit an indehiscent, straight, oblong, laterally compressed, slightly turgid and somewhat fleshy, coriaceous pod, 4 - 15 x 1.2 - 4 cm, eglandular, often puberulent when young, glabrescent. Seeds ellipsoid, c. 8 - 10 mm diameter, brown, shiny.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
7ABD34E55BE45EE0BB6BA1C7BA2D3228.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A genus of three species, one in South America (Tara spinosa thought to be native to Peru and Ecuador), one in Mexico (Tara cacalaco) and one in Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua and extending into the Caribbean (Tara vesicaria). Tara spinosa is also widely cultivated across the tropics and subtropics (including in the Canary Islands) as a source of tannins and occasionally as an ornamental.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
7ABD34E55BE45EE0BB6BA1C7BA2D3228.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the vernacular name ' tara' in Peru, Bolivia and Chile.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B03428E857785D35A860D58B15631950.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Coulteria differs from Tara by its racemose inflorescences of unisexual flowers (vs. inflorescences of racemes and panicles with bisexual flowers), chartaceous to papyraceous, laterally-compressed, oblong to elliptic (occasionally suborbicular) stipitate pods, subtended by a 4 - 13 mm long stipe (vs. indehiscent, laterally compressed but slightly turgid and somewhat fleshy, coriaceous, straight, oblong, sessile pods), and compressed, ovate-orbicular to sub-quadrate, compressed (vs. ellipsoid) seeds.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B03428E857785D35A860D58B15631950.taxon	materials_examined	Type. No type designated in the original publication, nor since. Type designated here: Coulteria mollis Kunth.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B03428E857785D35A860D58B15631950.taxon	description	Emended description. Trees or shrubs, 3 - 20 m tall, unarmed; young twigs with a dense velvety-bronze pubescence, glabrescent. Stipules not seen. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, ending in a pair of pinnae; petiole and rachis glabrous or densely velutinous; pinnae in 2 - 6 pairs; leaflets in (2 -) 4 - 12 (- 14) pairs per pinna, 0.6 - 8 cm long, elliptic, oblong to ovate, apex obtuse to acute, base narrow, rounded or obtuse, eglandular, glabrous to velvety pubescent; main vein centric, secondary veins brochidodromous. Inflorescence racemose, axillary or terminal, 5 - 16 (- 25) cm long; bracts minute, with an acute tip, pubescent, caducous. Flowers unisexual, male and female flowers on separate trees, zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium with 5 sepals, 8 - 10 mm long, velvety-pubescent, lower sepal cucullate, glandular-pectinate, covering the other 4 sepals in bud; petals 5, yellow, free; male flowers with 10 free stamens, filaments pubescent, eglandular. Fruit chartaceous to papyraceous, laterally-compressed, oblong to elliptic (occasionally suborbicular), indehiscent (or sometimes opening along one suture), wingless, 3 - 15 x 2 - 4 cm, with a 4 - 13 mm long stipe, pendulous, often persisting to next flowering season, eglandular, glabrous to densely velutinous, 1 - 6 - seeded. Seeds ovate orbicular or sub-quadrate, compressed.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B03428E857785D35A860D58B15631950.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A genus of approximately seven species in Mexico and Central America, one species extending to Cuba, Jamaica and Curacao, one to Venezuela (including Isla Margarita) and Colombia.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B03428E857785D35A860D58B15631950.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named by Kunth for the Irish botanist Thomas Coulter (1793 - 1846) who collected in central Mexico (1825 - 1834) and was curator of the herbarium at Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
774155D529AE61D3CA03642F855EFDA3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Gelrebia is morphologically similar to Caesalpinia s. s. but the two genera differ somewhat in habit, with Gelrebia species being erect to scrambling shrubs (vs. erect shrubs or small trees), in having dark pinkish mauve to light pinkish-white flowers (vs. flowers that are variable in colour, from yellow, white, red and orange to green), and coriaceous, broadly oblong-ovoid to obliquely pyriform pods, with a large, oblique, rounded base (vs. coriaceous, oblong-elliptic to linear pods, with an oblique cuneate base).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
774155D529AE61D3CA03642F855EFDA3.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Gelrebia rubra (Engl.) E. Gagnon & G. P. Lewis ≡ Hoffmannseggia rubra Engl.: Caesalpinia rubra (Engl.) Brenan	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
774155D529AE61D3CA03642F855EFDA3.taxon	description	Description. Erect to scambling shrubs, 0.3 - 5 m tall, armed with scattered, straight or curved, deflexed prickles (these 7 - 20 mm long); stems puberulous to pubescent when young, glabrescent. Stipules not seen. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, ending in a pair of pinnae; pinnae opposite, in 1 - 17 pairs; leaflets opposite (except in Gelrebia glandulosopedicellata), in 1 - 33 pairs per pinna, narrowly oblong or oblong-elliptic, 3 - 11 x 2 - 5 mm, apex rounded to emarginate, sometimes mucronate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, lower surface of the blades with numerous subepidermal glands or translucent dots (best seen with a x 10 hand lens or microscope). Inflorescence a terminal or axillary raceme, c. (1 -) 2 - 19 (- 25) cm long, unarmed; bracts broadly ovate to suborbicular, apex aristate, 3 - 10 mm long, caducous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx comprising a short hypanthium with 5 sepals, c. 5 - 13 mm long, eglandular, glabrous to finely pubescent, lower sepal strongly cucullate (occasionally with a beaked apex), covering the other 4 sepals in bud before anthesis, all sepals caducous, but hypanthium persisting as a free ring around the pedicel as the pod matures; petals 5, free, dark pinkish mauve to light pinkish-white, c. 7 - 24 x 5 - 15 mm, eglandular; stamens 10, free, filaments 8 - 20 mm long, pubescent and eglandular; ovary glabrous. Fruit a coriaceous, broadly oblong-ovoid to obliquely pyriform pod, apex acute, with a large, oblique, rounded base, c. 15 - 40 x 12 - 23 mm, dehiscent along both sutures, glabrous to minutely pubescent, eglandular. Seeds obovoid, laterally compressed.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
774155D529AE61D3CA03642F855EFDA3.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A genus of nine taxa in eight species, restricted to Africa, in Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Northern Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia. One species also found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire, Katanga).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
774155D529AE61D3CA03642F855EFDA3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Gelreb or gelrib is the Somali name for Gelrebia trothae subsp. erlangeri (field labels of Dale K 724 (" gelrib ") and of Gillett 13223 (" gelreb ") from Kenya), meaning ' camel trap' and clearly alluding to the robust deflexed prickles characteristic of the species, and indeed the genus as a whole, which can hinder the passage of camels.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
4E19C63115E55C1CAEB95B31CD9EF1F4.taxon	materials_examined	Type. [South Africa, Cape Province]: " 2819 (Ariamsvlei): Kenhardt District, on farm Skroef, near hot spring (Warmbad Noord) on Orange River (- DA) ", 29 Sep 1987, Van Hoepen 1941 (holotype PRE).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D07BF67B92565BBE9CEA3327D910F651.taxon	materials_examined	Type. KENYA, 30 km on the Ramu-Malka road, c. 4 ° 04 ' N, 40 ° 59 ' E, 8 May 1978, Gilbert & Thulin 1583 (holotype UPS; isotypes BR, EA, K!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
3900EF9636AE55E39DD040984F31FBF4.taxon	materials_examined	Type. " Congo Belge ", district du Haut-Katanga: environs de Niemba, Schmitz 1595.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
1B53EAC9DBC1520290902F2F71E6E592.taxon	materials_examined	Type. SOUTH WEST AFRICA, Dist. Luederitz-Sued, Farm Uitsig, Wendt in herb. W. Giess 14713 (holotype M; isotypes K!, PRE, WIND).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D5C5ADA85CEB5B2F911A199C90947CFE.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ETHIOPIA, " Arussi Galla ", Apr 1901, Ellenbeck 2038 (holotype B †); SOMALIA, rive dello Scebelia Bulo Burti, 25 Feb 1924, Puccioni & Stefanini 134 (neotype FI, designated by G. Roti-Michelozzi in Webbia 13: 207. 1957).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
61BCEF195D6152DCB43240009CC20E6F.taxon	materials_examined	Type. SOUTH AFRICA, from cultivation in Durban Botanic Garden, raised from seed obtained from " Delagoa Bay ", Maputo (Lourenco Marques), Wood 7943 (holotype K!; isotypes BOL, NH, PRE).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
5369F5576DE054A99A6A8ECB99CDE685.taxon	materials_examined	Type. NAMIBIA, Karibib Dist., Usakos, Marloth 1432 (holotype? B; isotypes BOL, PRE).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
CF9A69DF741B52A08F1CF418F39C69DB.taxon	materials_examined	Type. TANZANIA,? Dodoma District, Ugogo, Chumo Pass, Jan. 1897, von Trotha 186 (holotype B †).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
6A8E509BF0235E00B4AD6D78245770AE.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ETHIOPIA, Galla Sidama, Borana, Tarro Gumbi, Ellenbeck 2071 (holotype B †). Somalia, Dolo, sul Daua, 6 May 1893, Riva 1104 (neotype FI, designated by G. Roti-Michelozzi in Webbia 13: 209, 1957).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
E5D266F27AF41806BE09C3EF7128E5BB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hultholia is closely related and morphologically similar to Guilandina. While both genera form armed lianas, Hultholia differs in having stems with dome-shaped glands intermixed with dense slender, patent, needle-like prickles (vs. stems eglandular and with strongly recurved, robust prickles in Guilandina); both genera have sharp recurved prickles on the leaf and pinnae rachises. Hultholia has bisexual flowers (vs. unisexual flowers on separate female and male racemes in Guilandina), a zygomorphic corolla, with petals extending beyond the sepals, and the median (standard) petal smaller than the other four (vs. a sub-actinomorphic to zygomorphic corolla, with petals only slightly extending beyond the sepals in Guilandina), unarmed, obovoid, falcate, pubescent, vesicular pods (vs. oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, eglandular, inflated pods, usually armed with 5 - 10 mm long, slender spinescent bristles), and sub-globose, oblong, grey, ca. 10 x 7 mm, smooth seeds (vs. obovoid to globular c. 20 mm in diameter, grey, pale to dark brown or orange seeds, with parallel fracture lines concentric with the small apical hilum).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
E5D266F27AF41806BE09C3EF7128E5BB.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Hultholia mimosoides (Lam.) E. Gagnon & G. P. Lewis ≡ Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
E5D266F27AF41806BE09C3EF7128E5BB.taxon	description	Description. Climbing woody shrub; branches densely armed with short, robust, needle-like trichomes; young stems pubescent, with rust-coloured, hyaline hairs and dome-shaped glands, topped with a few hairs. Stipules subulate, 7 - 15 mm long, pubescent, caducous. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, without a single terminal pinna, 22 - 40 cm long; pinnae opposite, in 10 - 30 pairs per leaf, about 3 - 5 cm long, pubescent, with a pair of deflexed prickles at the insertion of the pinnae on the leaf rachis, and at the insertion of leaflets on the pinnae rachises; leaflets opposite, in 7 - 20 pairs per pinna, oblong, asymmetric at base, c. 9 x 4 mm, glabrous, eglandular. Inflorescences terminal or leaf-opposed, lax racemes, with 50 or more flowers, 20 - 40 cm long; rachis and pedicels armed with needle-like, robust trichomes, pubescent and covered with domed, hair-tipped glands. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium with 5 sepals 13 - 16 x 6 mm; hypanthium and sepals pubescent and glandular, the sepal margins sometimes with small stipitate glands, <1 mm long; petals 5, free, bright yellow, dark glands present on the blade, median (standard) petal c. 8 mm wide and smaller than the 4 lateral petals, that are c. 1.7 x 1.3 cm; stamens 10, free, filaments 1.8 cm long, pubescent at least on the lower 1 / 2; ovary densely pubescent, and with glandular dots (often obscured by the dense pubescence). Fruit an obovoid, falcate, vesicular, unarmed, dehiscent pod, sparsely pubescent, particularly along the margin, and with a few obscure stellate hairs, and covered in gland dots, 5 - 6 x 2.5 - 3 cm, 1 - 3 - seeded. Seeds sub-globose, oblong, 10 x 7 mm, grey.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
E5D266F27AF41806BE09C3EF7128E5BB.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. The single species is distributed across Asia, in China (Yunnan), Bangladesh, India, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand and Vietnam.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
E5D266F27AF41806BE09C3EF7128E5BB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name Hultholia honours the Cambodian botanist Dr. Sovanmoly Hul Thol (born 1946), whose doctoral thesis, " Contribution a la revision de quelques genres de Caesalpiniaceae, representes en Asie " (1976), is an important revision of the Asian species and genera of the Caesalpinia group, and particularly the genus Pterolobium. Dr. Hul Thol retired from the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris in 2014, but continues as an honorary researcher. She is a specialist on the flora of Cambodia and South East Asia, directed the publication of multiple volumes of the Flora of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam from 1995, and is one of the co-founders of the National Herbarium of Cambodia, Royal University of Phnom Penh.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
5B80DE23792359D69156F58057DA37E6.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Specimen originally from Malabar, sent to Lamarck by Sonnerat (P: Herb. Lamarck, fide Vidal and Hul Thol. 1976).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B9058E18C9BDAF67DE19D49CACD64459.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Guilandina bonduc L.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B9058E18C9BDAF67DE19D49CACD64459.taxon	description	Description. Lianas, woody climbers, scrambling or trailing shrubs, often forming dense tangled clumps, densely armed with recurved prickles on branches and shoots, as well as in pairs at leaf bases (except Caesalpinia murifructa and closely related species in the Caribbean which are unarmed). Stipules foliaceous to subulate, sub-persistent or caducous. Leaves bipinnate, ending with a pair of pinnae, prickles present in pairs at the insertion of pinnae and scattered on the leaf rachis, and at the insertion of leaflets on the pinnae rachises; leaflets oblong, apex obtuse and mucronulate to acuminate, base rounded. Inflorescences supra-axillary or terminal racemes, 30 - 60 cm long; bracts narrow, lanceolate, aristulate, 1 mm long, to conspicuous and exceeding floral buds, caducous. Flowers unisexual, segregated on separate male and female racemes, the female flowers cryptically bisexual with 10 fully formed stamens, but these produce no pollen; male flowers with a highly reduced, non-functional pistil, zygomorphic to sub-actinomorphic; calyx with a hypanthium and 5 almost equal sepals, these valvate in bud, the lower sepal slightly cucullate, the hypanthium and sepals caducous, leaving no persistent calyx ring, eglandular, without spines (except Madagascan Caesalpinia delphinensis in which the calyx is armed with slender prickles); petals 5, free, yellow, barely exceeding the sepals; stamens 10, free, pubescent near the filament base; ovary usually covered in bristly trichomes, except in a few species, including Caesalpinia solomonensis and Caesalpinia murifructa. Fruits oblong-elliptic, inflated pods, usually armed with 5 - 10 mm long spinescent bristles, apex terminating in a beak, base acute, 1 - 4 - seeded. Seeds obovoid to globular, c. 2 cm in diameter, smooth, grey, pale to dark brown, or orange, with parallel fracture lines concentric with the small apical hilum.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B9058E18C9BDAF67DE19D49CACD64459.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. This pantropical genus lacks a recent global taxonomic account and there are doubts about the number of species, with previous estimates ranging from seven to as many as 19. Species occur from as far north as Japan, south to South Africa, with three species in the Caribbean, one in China, India, Myanmar (Burma), Indo China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, one endemic to Madagascar, one in Australia, and two widespread across the Old and New World tropics.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B9058E18C9BDAF67DE19D49CACD64459.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named by Linnaeus for Melchior Wieland (1515 - 1589), Prussian naturalist, traveller and scholar from Koenigsberg, who settled in Italy and italianised his name to ' Guilandini', or Guilandinus in Latin; he was sent to the Levant, Asia and Africa (1559 - 1560), was captured by pirates and finally ransomed by Gabriele Falloppio.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
729730958D0E5C43BC2AA8308717574B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Moullava is related to Mezoneuron, but differs by its fleshy, oblong-elliptic, indehiscent, sub-torulose, wingless pods, with thickened sutures (vs. laterally compressed, chartaceous, coriaceous or ligneous, indehiscent pods, with a longitudinal wing along the upper suture), and by its subglobular (vs. compressed) seeds.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
729730958D0E5C43BC2AA8308717574B.taxon	materials_examined	Type. " H. M. 6 t. 6 " (= Rheede's Hortus Malabaricus 6, plate 6, 1686) = Moullava spicata.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
729730958D0E5C43BC2AA8308717574B.taxon	description	Emended description. Lianas and scrambling shrubs, armed with deflexed prickles on shoots. Stipules not seen. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, ending with a pair of pinnae, 12 - 40 cm long, glabrous to pubescent-tomentose, with a pair of prickles at the insertion of each pinna; pinnae opposite, in 7 - 20 pairs; leaflets in 5 - 40 opposite pairs per pinna, sessile, narrowly oblong to ovate-oblong, apex rounded to emarginate, sometimes mucronate, base asymmetrical to rounded, blades eglandular, glabrous to pubescent, 4 - 20 x 2 - 6 mm. Inflorescence an elongated terminal or axillary raceme, the flowers subsessile, pedicels, when present, 10 - 25 mm long, the racemes sometimes aggregated into panicles, 8 - 60 cm long, unarmed or with a few prickles at the base. Flowers bisexual, sub-actinormophic or zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium with 5 sepals, 6 - 12 x 2 - 4 mm, the lower sepal strongly cucullate, covering the other 4 sepals in bud, all sepals eglandular and glabrous; petals 5, free, yellow, the median and lateral petals sometimes streaked red, eglandular; stamens 10, free, barely exserted beyond the corolla, densely pubescent on lower half of filaments, 8 - 15 mm long; ovary glabrous or pubescent. Fruit fleshy, oblong-elliptic, unarmed, indehiscent, sub-torulose, with thickened sutures, the apex apiculate, 35 - 50 (- 80) x 15 - 30 mm, drying black (immature fruits of Moullava spicata red-tomentose), exocarp and endocarp strongly adnate, glabrous, 1 - 4 - seeded. Seeds sub-globular, 12 - 20 mm in diameter, olive-brown to black.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
729730958D0E5C43BC2AA8308717574B.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A genus of four species, three in south Asia: India, Nepal, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, southern China (Yunnan and Hainan), and the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, and one in Africa: Cameroun, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Zambia (Kabompo Dist.), Uganda and Tanzania (Kigoma Dist.).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
729730958D0E5C43BC2AA8308717574B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the vernacular name of Moullava spicata, " mulu " (Malayalam: spiny), a spiny climber.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
AEB1D3BFE41F57498706F771316F3B76.taxon	materials_examined	Type. [S. INDIA] Marmelon (near Madras), 9 Oct 1799, Rottler s. n. (? B: Herb. Willdenow, K!). Caesalpinia gracilis Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: 110. 1855. Type. INDIA, Roxburgh (n. v.). Caesalpinia oleosperma Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 32. 1814. Type. JAVA, Horsfield 138 (holotype K!; isotype BM). Caesalpinia flavicans Grah., Cat.: 5825. 1832, nom. nud.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
ACD586DE44775C419297459B0EFCBF40.taxon	materials_examined	Type. WESTERN INDIA, Bombay presidency. Caesalpinia ferox Hohen., Pl. Ind. Or. Exs. No. 414, non Hassk. Type. Not traced. Caesalpinia digyna Graham, Cat. 60. 1839, non Rottl. 1803, nom. illeg. Caesalpinia mimosoides Heyne & Wall, Numer. List n. 5837. 1831, nom. illeg., non Lam. 1785.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
DD2E5A68911F56D58D14113CC5A81FDB.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Specimen originating from SUMATRA, cultivated in the Botanic Garden of Calcutta, " Hort. Calc. E. Sumatra ", Roxburgh s. n. (holotype: K!). Caesalpinia acanthobotrya Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (Suppl.): 108 (1860) & 293 (1861). Type. W. SUMATRA, prov. Priaman, 1855 - 60, Diepenhorst HB 2240 (holotype U; isotype BO). Caesalpinia microphylla Buch. - Ham ex Prain, in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 471. 1897, non Mart. ex G. Don, 1832. Type. INDIA, Goyalpara, 6 Aug 1908, Wallich 5826 (K!). Caesalpinia tortuosa var. grandifolia Craib, Fedde Repert. Spec. Nov. Reg. Veg. 12: 392. 1913. Type. MYANMAR [Burma], Kowpok, Jan 1912, Meebold 17208 (K!). Caesalpinia cinclidocarpa Miq., in Fl. Ned. Ind 1: 110 (1855). Type. JAVA, as for Cinclidocarpus nitidus, non Caesalpinia nitida Hassk. (1844). Cinclidocarpus nitidus Zoll. & Moritzi, in Naturr-Geneesk. Arch. Ned. - Indie 3: 82 (1846). Type. JAVA, Zollinger 3462 (holotype L; isotypes A, BM, P). Caesalpinia tortuosa Wall., Numer. List n. 5827 D. 1831, nom. nud.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
1DD03A0350A65877B9EEB5FB87C27DA4.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ANGOLA, Cuanza Norte, Golungo Alto, Welwitsch 608 (holotype LISU; isotypes BM, K!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
595ED69AD48B57158BBD8087D3965881.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Biancaea is closely related to Mezoneuron, differing principally in its fruit, a coriaceous, laterally compressed, wingless, dehiscent pod (except Biancaea decapetala, which has somewhat inflated, boat-shaped pods, often with a narrow wing or ridge along the upper suture). In contrast, Mezoneuron has chartaceous, coriaceous or ligneous pods, which are also laterally compressed, but indehiscent, and with a wing along the upper suture. In addition, the ovary of Biancaea species always has a velvety indumentum (vs. glabrous to pubescent in Mezoneuron).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
595ED69AD48B57158BBD8087D3965881.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Biancaea scandens Tod. ≡ Biancaea decapetala (Roth) Deg.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
595ED69AD48B57158BBD8087D3965881.taxon	description	Emended description. Lianas, climbing or trailing shrubs (1 - 3 m), or small trees (2.5 - 10 m), armed with short, slightly recurved prickles, scattered along the branches; young shoots pubescent or glabrescent. Stipules lanceolate-oblong to broadly-ovate, sometimes amplexicaul at base, 3 - 4 mm to 4.5 cm long, caducous or sub-persistent to persistent. Leaves alternate (except in Biancaea oppositifolia), bipinnate, ending with a pair of pinnae, rachis pubescent (glabrous in Biancaea oppositifolia), armed with pairs of prickles at the base of each pinna, sometimes also scattered on the rachis; pinnae in 4 - 19 opposite to alternate pairs; leaflets opposite to alternate, in 5 - 20 pairs per pinna, blade membranous, eglandular, glabrous to pubescent, 10 - 35 x 4 - 15 mm (4 - 10 x 1.5 - 4.5 cm in Biancaea oppositifolia), oblong-elliptic, apex acute, obtuse, rounded to emarginate, base asymmetric. Inflorescences erect, showy, terminal or axillary racemes or panicles; rachis eglandular, pubescent, unarmed or with a few scattered prickles, mainly near the base; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 - 8 mm long, caducous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx with a short hypanthium and 5 sepals, the lower sepal cucullate and covering the other 4 in bud, sepals pubescent (except in Biancaea sappan), caducous, but the hypanthium persisting as a calyx ring around the pedicel as fruits mature; petals 5, free, yellow to white, eglandular, the claws pubescent; the median petal smaller than the other 4, and inrolled towards the centre, lateral petals oblong, obovate to spathulate, 4 - 10 x 2 - 8 mm; stamens 10, filaments densely pubescent (most evident at the base), eglandular, 10 - 15 mm long; ovary densely velutinous. Fruit a coriaceous, glabrous, eglandular, oblong-elliptic to obovate, dehiscent, wingless, laterally compressed (but somewhat inflated and often with a narrow wing along the upper suture in Biancaea decaptala), 4.5 - 10 x 2 - 4 cm, 2 - 8 - seeded pod, usually much broader at the rounded to truncate apex, which terminates in a sharp beak. Seeds flat, elliptic, ovoid to orbicular, c. 2 cm in diameter, black or brown.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
595ED69AD48B57158BBD8087D3965881.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A genus of six species widespread across southern Asia, from India, to Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, south China, Japan, the Philippines, and the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago, one species endemic to Sabah (near Sandakan). Biancaea decapetala, native to Asia, has been widely introduced across the tropics as a hedge plant or ornamental and is considered to be invasive in South Africa and Hawaii.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
595ED69AD48B57158BBD8087D3965881.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Unknown.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
1F2BF85FE5785297B6E31B5B49F1A2C1.taxon	materials_examined	Type. VIETNAM (South), Cap St-Jacques (Vung Tau), 18 Mar 1875, Godefroy s. n. (lectotype K!, designated by Vidal and Hul Thol, 1976). Caesalpinia thorelii Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris). 2: 207. 1912. Types. VIETNAM, 1 er pont de l'avalanche pres Saigon, 14 Jan 1865, Lefevre, Thorel et Godefroy no. 145 (syntype P 02940578!); Cochinchine, Bien-hoa, Nov 1866, Thorel 848 (syntype P 02940348!); ad Bienhoa, Pierre 130 (syntype P 02940353); Cochinchine, Baria, Baudoin and Talmy 104 (syntype);	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
50965A34ECE75C29AD6472AAAD82D2CC.taxon	materials_examined	Type. CHINA, Millett s. n. (K!). Pterolobium subvestitum Hance, J. Bot. 22 (12): 365. 1884. Cantuffa subvestita (Hance) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 168. 1891. Type. CHINA, Kwangtung, Lo Fau Sahn, Faber in herb. Hance 22291 (BM).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
7432AE5D3B9D5135A5686D1C7BDA7FFE.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MALESIA, Sabah [North Borneo], Ranau Distr. Hot Spring track, 15 Feb 1961, J. Singh 24026 (holotype SAN; isotypes K!, L).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B4F598BEC408596ABEE2EAE50F417834.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MALAY PENINSULA, Perak, Relau Tugor, May 1888, Wray 1909 (lectotype CAL, designated by Hattink 1974; isolectotypes K!, SING). Caesalpinia parviflora var. stipularis Prain, in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 66: 230. 1897. Types. MALAY PENINSULA, Perak, Larut, Wray 3983, 3991, 4261 (syntypes). Caesalpinia stipularis Ridl., in Fl. Malay Penin. 1: 651 (1922), nom. illeg., non Caesalpinia stipularis (Vogel) Benth. (1870) (= Pomaria stipularis (Vogel) B. B. Simpson & G. P. Lewis). Caesalpinia parviflora var. typica (Prain ex King) Prain, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 60: 230. 1897, nom. illeg. Caesalpinia borneensis Merr., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15: 104. 1929. Type. BORNEO, Tawao, Elphinstone Prov., Oct 1922 - Mar 1923, Elmer 21449 (holotype MO; isotypes A, BM, BO, K!, L, NY, P, SING, U, UC). Caesalpinia macra Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 2: 386. 1927. Type. THAILAND, Saraburi, Muak Lek, 10 Nov 1924, Marcan 1866 (syntype K), Pak Chong, 30 Dec 1923, Marcan 1532 (syntype K). Caesalpinia minutiflora Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 5: 1803. 1913. Type. PHILIPPINES, Palawan, Puerto Princesa, Mt. Pulgar, Apr 1911, Elmer 12969 (BM, K!, L, P, PNH, U).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
AFAEAFA153FC5F85978BF144BBA13441.taxon	materials_examined	Type. SRI LANKA (CEYLON), Hb. Hermann, vol. 4, fol. 31 (holotype BM). Caesalpinia angustifolia Salisb., Prod.: 326. 1796, nom. illeg.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
EF82C6EC98AEF455E8AD5C5368FCD79C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Pterolobium lacerans R. Br. ex Wight & Arn., nom. illeg. (Cantuffa exosa J. F. Gmel. = Pterolobium exosum (J. F. Gmel.) E. G. Baker; this now considered a synonym of Pterolobium stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
EF82C6EC98AEF455E8AD5C5368FCD79C.taxon	description	Description. Lianas or scrambling / trailing shrubs, armed with prickles on shoots, as well as in pairs at the base of leaves. Stipules small, inconspicuous, subulate or triangular-subulate, caducous. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, ending in a pair of pinnae, 6 - 30 cm long; petiole and rachis pubescent to sparsely pubescent or glabrous; pinnae opposite, in 5 - 20 pairs; leaflets opposite, in 6 - 25 pairs per pinna, linear-oblong to elliptic-oblong, apex rounded to emarginate, sometimes mucronate, eglandular or punctate-glandular, 6 - 15 x 1.5 - 10 mm. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes, often aggregated into panicles, pubescent to glabrous, 4 - 25 cm long; bracts small, caducous. Flowers bisexual, sub-actinomorphic to zygormophic; calyx comprising a short hypanthium and 5 sepals, glabrous to pubescent, the lower sepal cucullate, covering the other 4 sepals in bud; petals 5, free, yellow to white, equal to slightly differentiated, claws pubescent, the median petal sometimes inrolled; stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent (occasionally glabrous); ovary pubescent, stigma chambered. Fruit a red to brown samara, the basal seed-containing portion 12 - 20 x 8 - 15 mm, reticulate or smooth, glabrous to pubescent, the upper suture much prolonged and broadly winged, the wing 20 - 45 mm long and usually wider distally, 1 (- 2) - seeded.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
EF82C6EC98AEF455E8AD5C5368FCD79C.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A genus of 10 species; one in southern tropical Africa, East Africa and Arabia, nine in SE Asia (one endemic to India, two in China, four in Indo-China [one endemic to Thailand, two extending to Malesia], three restricted to the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago [one endemic to the Philippines]).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
EF82C6EC98AEF455E8AD5C5368FCD79C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From ptero - (Greek: wing) and lobion (Greek: pod, fruit), in reference to the fruit which is a samara.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
411E9D758EC158648156CA05FD2593B3.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Mezoneuron glabrum Desf. ≡ Mezoneuron pubescens Desf.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
411E9D758EC158648156CA05FD2593B3.taxon	description	Description. Scrambling shrubs or lianas, occasionally medium - sized trees (Mezoneuron kauaiense) to 12 m, usually armed with recurved prickles on stem and leaves, rarely unarmed. Stipules very small, often caducous. Leaves alternate or occasionally opposite, bipinnate, ending in a pair of pinnae; pinnae opposite to sub-opposite, in (1 -) 2 - 18 pairs; leaflets opposite to alternate, in 1 - 15 pairs per pinna, elliptic, oblong, suborbicular to occasionally subrhombic, the base oblique, the apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes (often aggregated into panicles); bracteoles small. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium and 5 imbricate sepals, the lower sepal cucullate, and overlapping the other 4 in bud; petals 5, free, usually yellow with red markings on the median petal, or occasionally red, pink or cream, the median petal somewhat modified (either with a fleshy ligule or a patch of hairs on the inner surface between the blade and claw, or the petal bilobed); stamens 10, free, filaments alternately longer and shorter, usually all 10 pubescent or villous on lower half, or one or all glabrous; ovary glabrous to hairy, 1 - many ovuled, stigma cupular, funnel-shaped, terminal or laterally placed, glabrous, or the rim fimbriate with papillate hairs, not peltate. Fruit laterally compressed, indehiscent, chartaceous, coriaceous or woody, venose, longitudinally and often broadly winged along the upper suture, the wing 1 - 18 mm wide. Seeds 1 - 13 per pod, + / - transversely arranged in seed chamber, compressed, endosperm lacking.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
411E9D758EC158648156CA05FD2593B3.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A genus of 24 extant species, mainly in Asia, extending to Australia, Polynesia, Madagascar and Africa; two species on mainland Africa (one widespread in West Africa, the other in both West, East and Southeast Africa); one endemic to Madagascar; five endemic to New Caledonia; one endemic in Hawaii; one in Vietnam; four endemic to Australia (Queensland and New South Wales); one endemic in the Philippines; one in Australia and Papua New Guinea; nine species more widespread across Asia.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
411E9D758EC158648156CA05FD2593B3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From meso - (Greek: middle) or meizon (Greek: greater) and neuron (Greek: nerve), the upper suture of the fruit is bordered by a usually broad longitudinal wing so that the suture appears as a prominent sub-central nerve or vein.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
9009C612B5B6DD124999DFEE2DC4A49C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Cordeauxia edulis Hemsl.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
9009C612B5B6DD124999DFEE2DC4A49C.taxon	description	Description. Evergreen shrubs, multi-stemmed, to 4 m tall, unarmed, red gland dots on stems. Leaves alternate, pinnate; leaflets in (1 -) 2 - 4 (- 6) pairs per leaf, ovate-oblong, coriaceous, with conspicuous red glands on the lower surface, elliptic-oblong, up to 3 (- 5) x 1.5 (- 2.5) cm. Inflorescence a terminal, few-flowered raceme. Flowers bisexual, sub-actinomorphic; sepals c. 1 cm long, with red gland dots; petals 5, free, yellow, c. 1.5 cm long, clawed; stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent; ovary with red gland dots. Fruit a compressed-ovoid, ligneous, dehiscent pod, 4 - 6 x 2 cm, with very hard, thick valves, and a cornute beak, 1 - 4 - seeded. Seeds ovoid, 20 - 45 mm long.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
9009C612B5B6DD124999DFEE2DC4A49C.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A monospecific genus from NE Africa (Somalia and Ethiopia). Introduced in Israel, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, and Yemen (Orwa et al. 2009).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
9009C612B5B6DD124999DFEE2DC4A49C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named by Hemsley for Captain H. E. S. Cordeaux (1870 - 1943), one time H. M. Commissioner in Somalia.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
26EFBAE03A99582E95B55B6251F8DA28.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Stuhlmannia moavi Taub.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
26EFBAE03A99582E95B55B6251F8DA28.taxon	description	Description. Unarmed trees, to 25 m tall; bark brown, fissured and fibrous; young shoots eglandular or with small red glands. Stipules not seen. Leaves alternate, pinnate or bipinnate and then ending in a pair of pinnae, (1.5 -) 5 - 11 (- 20 cm) long, pinnae in (1 -) 2 - 10 pairs per leaf, with reddish glands; leaflets in 3 - 12 pairs per pinna, opposite to sub-opposite, elliptic, 7 - 75 (- 120) x 3 - 30 (- 60) mm, obtuse at the base and apex, glabrous, eglandular or with red glands on the lower surface. Inflorescence a 2 - 11 cm long, terminal or axillary raceme; pedicels 3 - 13 mm long. Flowers bisexual, sub-actinomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium and 5 sepals, these 5 - 6.5 mm long, valvate in bud, caducous; petals 5, free, yellow, the median petal with red markings, obovate, 9 - 12 x 3 - 6 mm, apex rounded, median petal slightly smaller than the others; stamens 10, free, 5.5 - 8 mm long, filaments pubescent; ovary stipitate, with red sessile glands, glabrous to pubescent. Fruit a flattened, oblong, woody, elliptic pod with an acuminate apex, 4.5 - 6 x 1.5 - 2 cm, dehiscing along both sutures, valves twisting, glabrous to thinly puberulous. Seeds flattened, sub-circular to ovate, c. 10 - 13 x 8 - 9 mm, brown.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
26EFBAE03A99582E95B55B6251F8DA28.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A monospecific genus in E Africa (Kenya and Tanzania) and N Madagascar.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
26EFBAE03A99582E95B55B6251F8DA28.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named by Taubert for the German naturalist Franz Ludwig Stuhlmann (1863 - 1928).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
099278E8BC1256F0BAF4F3BFF4DBE7E0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cenostigma is morphologically most similar to the genus Erythrostemon. It differs from the latter by its leaves with alternate to subopposite (occasionally opposite) leaflets (vs. leaflets consistently opposite in Erythrostemon). A number of other characters can help to distinguish between the two genera, but these are not constant across species of Cenostigma. For example, a stellate indumentum on the leaflets, inflorescences, and / or sepals is found on some, but not all Cenostigma species, but is always lacking in Erythrostemon. Black subepidermal glands (visible with a x 20 lens) can be found scattered in the undersurface of leaflets and / or on sepals in Cenostigma (vs. these always lacking in Erythrostemon). Cenostigma pods are generally woody with thickened margins or an adaxial, proximal woody ridge or crest (vs. less robust pods lacking any woody ridge or crest in Erythrostemon).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
099278E8BC1256F0BAF4F3BFF4DBE7E0.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
099278E8BC1256F0BAF4F3BFF4DBE7E0.taxon	description	Emended description. Unarmed multi-stemmed shrubs, small compact trees, (0.3 -) 0.5 - 6 m, or large trees to 35 m tall, the larger trees with fluted trunks at maturity (Cenostigma bracteosum, Cenostigma pluviosum, Cenostigma eriostachys, Cenostigma tocantinum and Cenostigma macrophyllum); bark smooth, or occasionally rough and flaking (some infraspecific taxa of Cenostigma pluviosum), brown, grey, or mottled silver or grey; young shoots terete, glabrous to pubescent, glandular to eglandular. Stipules red, with ciliate margins, broadly ovate with a rounded apex, and caducous in Cenostigma pyramidale, not seen in other species. Leaves alternate, pinnate or bipinnate and then ending in a pair of pinnae plus a single terminal pinna, glabrous to densely pubescent, sometimes with stellate hairs or various types of sessile or stalked glands; petioles (0.1 -) 0.6 - 4.8 (- 6) cm, rachis 0.5 - 17 (- 26.5) cm; species with pinnate leaves (Cenostigma tocantinum, Cenostigma marginatum, Cenostigma pinnatum, and Cenostigma macrophyllum) either with three leaflets or 2 - 9 pairs of opposite leaflets; species with bipinnate leaves with 1 - 11 pairs of opposite to alternate pinnae, plus a terminal pinna, each pinna with 3 - 29 alternate to subopposite (occasionally opposite) individual leaflets; leaflets vary greatly in size, 0.5 - 15 x 0.1 - 7 cm, glossy on the upper surface, usually more or less coriaceous (chartaceous in Cenostigma tocantinum), ovate-elliptic, lanceolate with an acute to acuminate apex (some specimens of Cenostigma tocantinum), obovate, oblong-elliptic or suborbicular, apex rounded or emarginate, mucronate, base cuneate, cordate or truncate, the blade often inequilateral at the base, eglandular, or with black subepidermal glands (visible with a x 20 lens) scattered on the undersurface, and / or with conspicuous, sessile or punctate glands on the undersurface or along the margins, in addition to stipitate glands; veins usually prominent, main vein often excentric, secondary venation brochidodromous. Inflorescences either axillary or terminal racemes, these sometimes pyramidal in shape, sometimes aggregated into large showy panicles, inflorescence rachis and pedicels densely tomentose to glabrescent, sometimes covered in stellate hairs, these occasionally intermixed with stipitate glands; pedicels 5 - 22 mm long, articulated; bracts 2.5 - 6 mm long, caducous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx a short hypanthium with 5 sepals, 4.5 - 9 (- 11) mm long, the lower cucullate sepal generally slightly longer than the other four, apices entire or with a fimbriate-glandular margin, puberulous or tomentose, sometimes with a dense stellate indumentum (Cenostigma eriostachys, Cenostigma tocantinum and Cenostigma macrophyllum), the sepal lobes eglandular or with scattered dark, subepidermal glands, caducous, but the hypanthium persisting as a calyx ring in fruit; all 5 petals free and clawed, bright yellow, the median petal (7.5 -) 9 - 15 (- 19) x 5 - 13 (- 17) mm, with red or orange markings on the inner surface of the blade, suborbicular to elliptic or spathulate, with a thickened, pubescent claw, the outer surface of which has short-stalked glands, these sometimes also on the dorsal surface of the blade, lateral petals 0.9 - 2.7 x 0.4 - 2 cm, broadly elliptic, sub-rectangular, obovate or suborbicular, petal claws pubescent and with stalked-glands, these sometimes also on the dorsal surface of the blade; stamens 10, free, filaments (7 -) 8 - 14 (- 21) mm long, pubescent on lower ⅔ to 1 / 2, with short-stipitate glands along entire length (except in Cenostigma macrophyllum); ovary pubescent with glands intermixed, these sometimes obscured by the indumentum, stigma a terminal fringed-chamber. Fruits laterally compressed, coriaceous to woody pods, (3.8 -) 5 - 14 (- 16) x 1.2 - 3.3 (- 3.7) cm, with conspicuously thickened margins (an adaxial, proximal woody ridge or crest in Cenostigma macrophyllum), elastically dehiscent (sometimes tardily), the valves twisting at maturity, either glabrous or pubescent, smooth or prominently reticulately veined (on herbarium specimens), usually eglandular or with a few scattered stipitate or sessile glands (densely glandular in Cenostigma microphyllum). Seeds 2 - 6 (- 8) per pod, ovate-elliptic to ovate-orbicular, 9 - 19 x (6 -) 8 - 12 x 1 - 3 mm, ochre, brown, or mottled, shiny.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
099278E8BC1256F0BAF4F3BFF4DBE7E0.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. We recognise 20 taxa in 14 species, all of them neotropical; only two of these taxa do not require new names, while the rest are species of Caesalpinia here transferred to Cenostigma. The majority of species are found in central and NE Brazil, including parts of the Amazon. Two species extend around the circum-Amazonian arc of dry forests and adjacent cerrado, including in Paraguay, Argentina and Bolivia, and one taxon is also found in the seasonally dry inter-Andean valleys of Peru. Species are also found throughout Central America, from Panama northwards and in Mexico, extending to the Caribbean, with endemics in Cuba and Hispaniola.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
099278E8BC1256F0BAF4F3BFF4DBE7E0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From ceno - (Greek: empty) and stigma, presumably alluding to the chambered stigma (a character of many species of the Caesalpinia Group, and not restricted to Cenostigma).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
68F964D61FC75709A8E94232F3774F74.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Piaui, Gardner 2144 (holotype P!; isotypes BM!, K!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
F00DF7538E02594FA5AD63E6696732CF.taxon	materials_examined	Type. COSTA RICA, Cocos Island, Barclay s. n. (lectotype K!, designated by Lewis, 1998). Schizolobium covilleanum Pittier, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 18: 231. 1917, pro parte (flowering material only). Type. PANAMA, Prov. Cocle, between Aguadulce and Chico River, Pittier 5105.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
38A8087340EA5C3A91BF07AC312FBD9D.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Yucatan, Progresso, 5 Mar 1899, Millspaugh 1675 (holotype F). Poincianella guanensis Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23 (5): 333. 1930. Caesalpinia guanensis (Britton) Leon, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio " De La Salle " 9: 12. 1950. Type. CUBA, Remates de Guane, Pinar del Rio, Apr 1926, Fors 3965 (holotype NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
FEF06C4209805D7BAD06B9730DBBD1EB.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Bahia, near Villa da Barra, Blanchet 3146 (isotypes BM!, BR!, F!, GH!, K!, MG!, P! [P 02142655, P 02142656, P 02142657]). Caesalpinia laxiflora Tul. var. pubescens Benth., Mart., Fl. Bras. 15 (2): 70. 1870. Type. BRAZIL, Bahia, near Maracas, Martius s. n. (holotype M!; isotypes M!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
8E4B1EE1685D59618AC3FD872DBEDFA2.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, 1883, C. Gaudichaud, Herb. Imp. Bras. No. 213 (P 03014131!). Cenostigma gardnerianum Tul., Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 Ser. 20: 141, pl. 3. 1843. Type. BRAZIL, Piaui, Gardner 2523 (isotype K!). Cenostigma angustifolium Tul., Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 Ser. 20: 141, pl. 3. 1843. Types. BRAZIL, Bahia, Gentio do Ouro: Serra do Acurua, Blanchet 2798 (syntypes K!, MO!, P 03104099!); Marais de St-Antoine, Blanchet 3144 (syntype P 03104095!)	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
668421CAC1745774BC0CAAF2A2C63862.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BOLIVIA, Chiquitos, near San-Juan (Bois de la Tapira), without date, d'Orbingy 831 (holotype P 0242658!). Cenostigma sclerophyllum Malme, Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. - Akad. Handl. 25 (11): 24. 1900. Type. PARAGUAY, Colonia Risso, near Rio Apa, 20 Oct 1893, Malme 1084 (lectotype S!, designated by Lewis (1998); isolectotype S!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
37C360F844CB5C909030F0AB4E98D6E4.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Bahia, in sylvis catingas, Martius Obsv. 2274 (lectotype M!, designated by Lewis (1998); isolectotypes K!, M!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
51FB1564AD40534FB92826D1EDB57506.taxon	materials_examined	Type. CUBA, Oriente, between Holguin and Myabe, Apr 1909, Shafer 1403 (holotype NY!; isotype A!). Libidibia pauciflora Griseb. var.? puberula Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.: 79. 1866. Type. CUBA, Wright 2362 (incorrectly given as " 1362 "). Caesalpinia hornei Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 67. 1920. Poincianella hornei (Britton) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23 (5): 333 (1930). Caesalpinia myabensis var. hornei (Britton) Barreto, Acta Bot. Cub. 89: 5 1992. Type. CUBA, Ciego de Avila, Camaguey, 3 Sep 1905, Horne 95 (holotype NY!). Caesalpinia subglauca Britton in Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 16: 66 (1920). Poincianella subglauca (Britton) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23 (5): 333 (1930). Caesalpinia myabensis var. subglauca (Britton) Barreto, Acta Bot. Cub. 89: 6 (1992). Type. CUBA, Oriente, near Santiago, Britton et al. 12596 (holotype NY!). Poincianella clementis Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 23 (5): 333. 1930. Caesalpinia clementis (Britton) Leon, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio " De La Salle " 9: 12. 1950. Caesalpinia myabensis var. clementis (Britton) Barreto, Acta Bot. Cub. 89: 6. 1992. Type. CUBA, Oriente, Rente, Santiago, Jul 1919, Clement 135 (holotype NY!; isotype HAC!). Caesalpinia hermeliae Leon, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio " De La Salle " 9: 12. 1950. Caesalpinia myabensis var. hermeliae (Leon) Barreto, Acta Bot. Cub. 89: 5. 1992. Type. CUBA, Oriente, SW of Holguin, orillas del monte de Caguairanal, 18 Mar 1932, Leon & Garcia 15501 (holotype LS (transferred to HAC)!; isotypes HAC!, NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D3F13104820224A2194E2641E92D090B.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Piaui, between Praya Grande and Boa Esperanca, Feb 1839, Gardner 2148 (holotype K!; isotype BM!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
F106FAF1C27152E484AEE2995C401C2B.taxon	materials_examined	Type. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, Ehrenberg s. n. (isotype NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
4CCCC428553E57128F1E8014C49FBC05.taxon	materials_examined	Type. CUBA, Wright 2360 (holotype GOET!; isotypes GH!, K!, NY!). Caesalpinia oblongifolia Urban, Symb. Ant. 2: 281 (1900). Poincianella oblongifolia (Urban) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23 (5): 335 (1930). Type. As for Caesalpinia pinnata. Poincianella savannarum Britton & Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 23 (5): 335 1930. Caesalpinia savannarum (Britton & Wilson) Leon, Contr. Ocas. Mus. Hist. Nat. Colegio " De La Salle " 10 (Fl. Cub. 2): 283. 1951. Caesalpinia oblongifolia var. savannarum (Britton & Wilson) A. Borhidi & O. Muniz, Bot. Koezlem. 62 (1): 25. 1975. Type. CUBA, Sancti Spiritus, 20 Jul 1915, Leon & Roca 7835 (holotype NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
710A887B0B685A0F97497DC9E521CC4C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, 1819, Leandro di Sacramento 5 (P 02142667!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
A84E9DA4474157C0BCE70ABB01CDA9A6.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Bahia, Mun. Santa Cruz de Cabralia, c. 12 km NW of Porto Seguro, 27 Nov 1979, Mori et al. 13029 (holotype CEPEC!; isotypes K!, NY).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
0DB2789CDD3952A7BEF8B1AAAED28B8F.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Bahia, Abaira, road to Jussiape, 15 Feb 1987, Harley et al. 24326 (holotype SPF; isotype K!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
6085C344786D58EC80A16E3082CD2E47.taxon	materials_examined	Type. PERU, Cajamarca, Celendin, Maranon Valley, km 50 rd from Celendin to Leimebamba, 23 Apr 2002, fl. & fr., Hughes, Daza & Forrest 2215 (holotype FHO!; isotypes K!, MOL!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
13A2E2E77AEA511FAFFC5793FEA7A77C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Para, near Monte Alegre, Ducke s. n. (BM!, K!, MG, RB).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
4C64732F629F50D291ACA9B81B617E99.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 1032 (syntypes BM!, BR!, F!, P 02142662!); Glaziou 6 (syntype BR!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
5D1357A5FDCC503AA62C1E598818E234.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Bahia, 35 km S of Livramento do Brumado, 1 Apr 1991, Lewis & Andrade 1932 (holotype CEPEC!; isotype K!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D8F0340B9A03593CBDEA5252BE81B4A6.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Serra Jacobina, 1841, J. S. Blanchet 3425 (holotype P 003790235!; isotypes BM!, BR!, F!, MG!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
E7318E7BC904576CB28CA6BB3BBD8259.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Maranhao, Jun 1841, Gardner 6006 (lectotype K!, designated by Lewis, 1998; isolectotype BM!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
474808CD2F58546590CC57FA7FB11FF3.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Para, Alcobaca, Rio Tocantins, Ducke s. n., H. A. M. P. no. 15643 (holotype MG).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
BA61497BBDE85DBAA8B22DF6BBF54ABD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Libidibia is related to Hoffmannseggia, Stenodrepanum, Balsamocarpon and Zuccagnia but differs in being a genus of medium to tall trees, 6 - 20 m in height (versus woody based perennial herbs to shrubs, 10 cm to 5 m tall), most species have a distinctive, smooth patchwork bark in shades of white, grey and green (" snake skin bark ") a characteristic not found in the other four genera. Libidibia (except Libidibia monosperma) has bipinnate leaves (Balsamocarpon and Zuccagnia are pinnate) and coriaceous or woody, glabrous, eglandular, indehiscent fruits which dry black (red in Libidibia monosperma) versus thick, turgid, glandular, resinous, indehiscent fruits (Balsamocarpon), or laterally compressed, gall-like,? indehiscent fruits covered in trichomes (Zuccagnia). Stenodrepanum and Hoffmannseggia are bipinnate but the fruits of most species of Hoffmannseggia are dehiscent with twisting pod valves and persistent sepals (in Libidibia sepals are caducous in fruit); the fruits of Stenodrepanum are narrow, cylindrical and torulose.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
BA61497BBDE85DBAA8B22DF6BBF54ABD.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Libidibia coriaria (Jacq.) Schltdl. ≡ Poinciana coriaria Jacq.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
BA61497BBDE85DBAA8B22DF6BBF54ABD.taxon	description	Emended description. Small to medium-sized or large unarmed trees, 6 - 20 + meters in height; bark hard, smooth, with a patchwork of shades of grey, white and pale green, often referred to as snake skin bark, (except in Libidibia coriaria and Libidibia monosperma, where it is rough and fissured). Stipules not seen. Leaves alternate, bipinnate and ending in a pair of pinnae plus a single terminal pinna, rarely pinnate (Libidibia monosperma); pinnae (in bipinnate species) in 2 - 10 opposite pairs, plus a single terminal pinna; leaflets opposite, in 3 - 31 pairs per pinna, ovate, elliptic to oblong, apex rounded, mucronate or acute, base often oblique, subcordate, rounded or obtuse, eglandular or with subsessile gland dots on the undersurface of the blades, on either side of the midvein, glabrous to occasionally puberulous; in bipinnate leaves the leaflets (3 -) 4 - 31 x 2.5 - 14 mm; in pinnate leaves, leaflets are much larger, c. 40 - 90 x 15 - 35 mm. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes or panicles, sometimes corymbose, with pedicellate flowers. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium and 5 sepals, the lower sepal slightly longer and cucullate in bud, caducous, but hypanthium persisting as a calyx ring around the pedicel as pods mature; petals 5, free, yellow or white, the median petal sometimes flecked or blotched orange or red; stamens 10, free, pubescent on the lower half of the filaments, eglandular (except for Libidibia ferrea, which has stipitate glands); ovary eglandular, glabrous or pubescent. Fruit coriaceous to woody, oblong-elliptic to suborbicular, straight (contorted in Libidibia coriaria), indehiscent, eglandular, glabrous, black (red and somewhat fleshy in Libidibia monosperma), 15 - 80 x 10 - 30 mm. Seeds oblong to elliptic, somewhat laterally compressed, smooth.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
BA61497BBDE85DBAA8B22DF6BBF54ABD.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A genus of ten taxa in seven species in the Neotropics. One species in Mexico, one widespread in Brazil, one in Colombia, Venezuela and the Antilles, one in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, one in Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina and SW Brazil, one (Libidibia monosperma, previously in the monospecific genus Stahlia) endemic to Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, and Libidibia coriaria widespread throughout Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean and NW South America. Other species perhaps waiting to be discovered and described, both in the field and in herbaria; the genus needs revising.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
BA61497BBDE85DBAA8B22DF6BBF54ABD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name Libidibia is derived from the vernacular name ' libi-dibi' or ' divi-divi' used for some species.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
734776FF4B6E5788AF0EBB7835BF7D25.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Curacao, " Habitat in Curacao & Carthagenae frequens; in limosis praesertim inudatisque maritimis; ad salinas ", [no date], Jacquin s. n. (holotype probably in W; photo Field Museum 1794 of probable isotype " Hb. Willdenow " (fl.); by micro. Reprod. of the same Hb. Willdenow 8023: SI). Caesalpinia thomaea Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 343. 1825. Type. " Ins. S. Thomae, Bertero ".	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B88B73389D9E54C5A82AD034E74481D7.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, " Province of Alagoas, Tropical Brazil, Gardner 1277 (holotype P 02736428!; isotypes BM!, K!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
87D55CE0CE3B52D58BDB3C12047F8761.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Sergipe-Alagoas, " banks of the Rio St. Francisco ", Feb 1838, Gardner 1276 (holotype K).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D3E959CE14D154D2BFC8328F49D0C037.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL " prope Rio de Janeiro juxta viam ad Jacarepagua ducentem ", 13 Mar 1868, Glaziou 2555 (P 02736434!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
06103FC1DDDE5C57BE081E0865D812C5.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, " in sylvis catingas de interioribus prov. Bahia ", Martius s. n.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
363451542F2E545B9772E5C331DB8145.taxon	materials_examined	Type. PERU, " Crescit inter urbem Caxamarcae et pagum Madgalenae, Peruvia ", M. A. Bonpland 3712 (holotype P 00679209!; isotype P 02142659!, photo K!, photo and fragment F 937253). Libidibia corymbosa (Benth.) Britton & Killip, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 35 (3): 189 (1936). Caesalpinia corymbosa Benth., Pl. Hartw.: 117. 1832. Type. ECUADOR, Guayaquil, [without date], Hartweg 651 (holotype K!; isotypes K!, P! (two sheets: P 02737048!, P 02737051!), photo at F, no. 1774). Caesalpinia paipai Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 4, Ic. 375. 1830. Type. PERU, " Limae & Chancay " (lectotype based on Ic. 375, fragment of the material probably used for the illustration " Hb. Ruiz & Pavon, Peru, Chacau " MA: F 842538). Caesalpinia paipai var. pubens J. F. Macbr., Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. (Fl. Peru) 13, 3, 1: 193. 1943. Type. PERU, Dpto. Piura: Salitral y Serran, Mar 1912, Weberbauer 5994 (holotype F).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
A0D121E33A4B508CAC873157CDFD45C7.taxon	materials_examined	Type. PUERTO RICO, without exact locality or date, A. Plee 713 (lectotype P 03090076, designated by Santiago-Valentin, Sanchez-Pinto & Francisco-Ortega, 2015). Stahlia monosperma var. domingensis Standl, Trop. Woods 40: 16. 1934. Type. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, delta of Soco River, J. C. Scarff s. n. (" type " Hb. Field Mus. No. 7147180; Yale No. 27244). Stahlia maritima Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 255. 1881. Type. PUERTO RICO, Guanica, in sylvis inter Barina et la Boca, 2 Mar 1886, P. E. E. Sintensis 3876 (neotype NY, designated by Santiago-Valentin, Sanchez-Pinto & Francisco- Ortega, 2015; isoneotypes BM, G, GH, NY, P, W).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
6A933D6EC2E45F16918B8A7210F33A72.taxon	materials_examined	Type. PARAGUAY, " Arbor sylvestris in ripa fluminis Paraguay " (holotype probably at BAF, not found). Caesalpinia melanocarpa Griseb., Abh. Koenigl. Ges. Wis. Goettingen (Pl. Lorentz) 19: 80. 1874. Type. ARGENTINA, Tucuman, infrecuens in sylvis subtropicis et in campis, pr. La Cruz, 20 - 24 Apr 1872, Lorentz 196. (holotype GOET; isotypes CORD, SI). Caesalpinia coriaria Micheli, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve 29 (7): 42. 1883, non (Jacq.) Willd. (1799). Type. PARAGUAY, Assomption in hortis culta, Balansa 1397 and 1397 a (syntypes BAF, G, K!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D0147869F09E5BFBB60E9D5BB4186749.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Balsamocarpon brevifolium Clos	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D0147869F09E5BFBB60E9D5BB4186749.taxon	description	Description. Shrub 1 - 2 m tall, with long terete branches with thin, straight, 3 - 5 mm long, often caducous spines. Stipules deltoid, hairy, glandular. Leaves in fascicles on short brachyblasts, pinnate, 3 - 8 mm long; leaflets in 3 - 4 pairs, elliptic-obovate to orbicular, 1.5 - 4.5 x 1 - 2 mm, glabrous, fleshy. Inflorescences composed of short racemes; pedicels and rachis hairy and glandular; bracts deltoid, hairy and glandular. Flowers bisexual, sub-zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium and 5 sepals, c. 5 - 6 x 4.2 mm, fimbriate, hairy and with glandular trichomes, sepals persistent in fruit; petals 5, free, yellow, obovate, subequal, short-clawed, 10 x 3 - 4.5 mm, with glandular trichomes on the dorsal surface; stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent, eglandular; ovary glandular, finely pubescent, stigma a fringed chamber. Fruit a thick, turgid, resinous, glandular, indehiscent pod, 2.5 - 4 x 1.5 cm, 3 - 4 - seeded.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D0147869F09E5BFBB60E9D5BB4186749.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A monospecific genus endemic to northern Chile, from the Coquibo and La Serena valleys.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D0147869F09E5BFBB60E9D5BB4186749.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From balsamo - (Gk.: balsam) and carpos (Gk.: fruit), the pods yield a sticky resin traditionally used for tanning.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
C87DBDA602FC59CFB11999DFF77E7021.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Herb. Willd. 822, plant cult. Source erroneously attributed to Brazil. Caesalpinia granadillo Pittier, Bol. Cien. Tecn. Mus. Com. Venez. 1: 56. 1926. Libidibia granadillo (Pittier) Pittier, Man. Pl. Usual. Venez. (Suppl.): 37. 1939. Type. VENEZUELA, Zulia: selva montanosa de San Martin, Rio Palmar, 15 Oct 1922, Pittier 10515 (holotype VEN, isotypes GH, P 02736828!, US!). Caesalpinia ebano H. Karst., Fl. Columb. 2: 57, pl. 129. 1862. Libidibia ebano (H. Karst.) Britton & Killip, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 35 (4): 189. 1936. Type. COLOMBIA, " regiones septentrionales calidus, siccas ".	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
A5511D9B346257EDAE391B78546BAFA9.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Oaxaca, between San Geronimo and La Venta, alt. 50 m, 13 Jul 1895, E. W. Nelson 2784 (holotype US 229315).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
3E31FCFF35B5F6AC444CC2556B14400E.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Zuccagnia punctata Cav.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
3E31FCFF35B5F6AC444CC2556B14400E.taxon	description	Description. Shrubs, 1 - 5 m. Stipules caducous. Leaves alternate, pinnate, (2 -) 3 - 5 (- 6) cm long; leaflets in 5 - 13 subopposite pairs, elliptic-linear, rarely obovate, 4 - 14 x 1 - 3 mm, with glandular dots on both surfaces of the leaflet blades. Inflorescences terminal, erect racemes; bracts deltoid, glabrous, glandular, caducous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium and 5 glabrous sepals, persistent after fruit develops, the lower sepal cucullate and covering the other four in bud; petals 5, free, yellow, obovate to broadly obovate, short-clawed, glandular trichomes on the dorsal surface of the petal blades; stamens 10, free, pubescent; ovary pilose. Fruit an ovoid-acute, oblique, laterally compressed, indehiscent (?), gall-like pod, on a short stipe and covered with long reddish brown bristles, c. 1 x 0.6 cm, 1 - seeded.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
3E31FCFF35B5F6AC444CC2556B14400E.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A monospecific genus restricted to Chile, NW and central-W Argentina.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
3E31FCFF35B5F6AC444CC2556B14400E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named by Cavanilles for the Italian physician, traveller and plant collector, Attilio Zuccagni (1754 - 1807).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
3ECA07C017849025F78EF9DE8B5F844B.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Hoffmannseggia falcaria Cav., nom. illeg. = Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
3ECA07C017849025F78EF9DE8B5F844B.taxon	description	Description. Perennial woody herbs, most species forming a basal rosette, or subshrubs to 3 m, unarmed, often arising from bud-bearing and tuberous roots, shoots pubescent and with gland-tipped trichomes. Stipules not seen. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, ending in a pair of pinnae plus a single terminal pinna (except for Hoffmannseggia aphylla); pinnae opposite, in 1 - 13 pairs; leaflets small and numerous, in 2 - 15 (- 18) pairs per pinna, glabrous to pubescent, and glandular. Inflorescences terminal or axillary racemes; bracts often caducous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium and 5 sepals, these weakly imbricate, persistent as pods mature (except in Hoffmannseggia microphylla and Hoffmannseggia peninsularis, where they are not always persistent); petals 5, free, yellow to orange, the median petal often with red markings; stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent; ovary glabrous to pubescent, eglandular to glandular, stigma apical, concave. Fruit a laterally compressed, straight or sometimes falcate pod, the sutures almost parallel, papery to leathery, glabrous to pubescent, eglandular or with glandular trichomes, indehiscent or dehiscent, with twisting valves. Seeds compressed, ovoid.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
3ECA07C017849025F78EF9DE8B5F844B.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. Hoffmannseggia comprises 25 taxa in 23 species and occupies a classical amphitropical distribution in the New World with 10 species restricted to North America (southern USA and Mexico), 12 in South America (Peru, Bolivia to south-central Argentina and Chile, mainly Andean), and one species (Hoffmannseggia glauca (Ortega) Eifert) widespread throughout the range of the genus.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
3ECA07C017849025F78EF9DE8B5F844B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named by Cavanilles for the German botanist, entomologist and ornithologist, Johann Centurius Graf von Hoffmannsegg (1766 - 1849).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
F4B4F4B5E2C2D8852014F8DBF45718C8.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Stenodrepanum bergii Harms.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
F4B4F4B5E2C2D8852014F8DBF45718C8.taxon	description	Description. Suffrutescent shrub, (10 -) 20 - 40 cm tall, with bud-bearing and occasionally tuber-forming roots; glabrous, with globose sessile glands scattered along the branches. Stipules ovate, membranous, 2.5 - 4 x 2 - 2.5 mm. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, pinnae in 1 - 3 pairs plus a single terminal pinna, 4 - 10 cm long; leaflets in 5 - 9 pairs per pinna, obtuse, 5 - 12 x 2 - 5.5 mm, with a crenulate, glandular margin, and embedded glands on the lower surface. Inflorescence a lax, terminal raceme, 4 - 14 cm long. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium and 5 sepals (these not persisting in fruit), glabrous, glandular, the lower cucullate sepal covering the other four in bud; petals 5, free, yellow, the median petal with red markings, obovate, with stipitate glands on the dorsal surface; stamens 10, free, filaments pubescent and glandular; ovary glandular. Fruit a linear to slightly falcate, cylindrical, torulose pod, 30 - 60 x 2 - 2.5 mm, 1 - 5 - seeded. Seeds ovoid.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
F4B4F4B5E2C2D8852014F8DBF45718C8.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A monospecific genus endemic to central and western Argentina.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
F4B4F4B5E2C2D8852014F8DBF45718C8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From steno - (Greek: narrow) and drepano - (Greek: sickle), in allusion to the narrow sickle-shaped fruit.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
32B7A161A8395BFBB2FC9D7F59321E15.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Arquita mimosifolia (Griseb.) E. Gagnon, G. P. Lewis & C. E. Hughes.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
32B7A161A8395BFBB2FC9D7F59321E15.taxon	description	Description. Small to medium-sized, often decumbent shrubs, 0.3 - 2.5 m in height, slender in stature, usually with glandular trichomes on various parts of the plant; young stems and inflorescence rachises red-orange to maroon. Stipules ovate-obovate to deltoid, chartaceous, 2.5 - 5.5 mm long, usually with a fimbriate-glandular margin and short-stalked glands (except in some specimens of Arquita ancashiana), caducous. Leaves bipinnate, with 1 - 5 pairs of pinnae, usually with a single terminal pinna; petiole (0.3 -) 0.5 - 6 cm long; rachis 0.5 - 6 cm long (but sometimes absent); leaflets in 4 - 12 opposite pairs per pinna, oblong-obovate, 2.5 - 10 (- 14) x 1 - 3.5 (- 6) mm, often with maroon / black glands in depressions on crenulated leaflet margins, and sometimes with occasional sessile black glands on the undersurface of leaflet blades (in Arquita ancashiana the glands are submarginal on the lower half of the basal leaflets of the pinnae). Inflorescences leaf-opposed, determinate racemes (with only 1 to 2 flowers open at a given time), (5 -) 7 - 21 (- 41.5) cm long; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, either eglandular or covered in gland-tipped trichomes, 2.75 - 7 mm long, caducous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium, and 5 sepals, 6 - 11 mm long, caducous, the lower sepal cucullate, and sepals either have an entire or glandular-fimbriate margin; petals 5, free, yellow to orange, median petal, sometimes streaked red, 6 - 17 x 4 - 12 mm, claw pubescent at the base, either flat or inrolled, sometimes with stipitate-glandular trichomes on the dorsal surface of the whole petal, upper and lower lateral petals 6 - 17 x 3 - 12 mm; stamens 10, free, 5 - 13 mm long, anthers 0.75 - 2.3 mm long, the stamens deflexed and loosely grouped around the gynoecium; ovary usually covered with gland-tipped trichomes. Fruits laterally compressed, lunate-falcate pods with a marcescent style, covered sparsely to densely with gland-tipped trichomes, these sometimes dendritic, 2 - 4.7 x (0.7 -) 0.9 - 1 cm. Seeds laterally compressed, ovate-orbicular, 4.5 - 6 x 3.5 - 4.5 x 1 mm, the testa shiny olive-grey, sometimes mottled or streaked black.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
32B7A161A8395BFBB2FC9D7F59321E15.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. The genus Arquita comprises six taxa in five species restricted to the Andes in South America, in disjunct inter-Andean valleys, in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Argentina.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
32B7A161A8395BFBB2FC9D7F59321E15.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name Arquita derives from the vernacular name of Arquita trichocarpa in Argentina (Ulibarri 1996).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
ADD1722808E6984C13CB8370836F99C1.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Pomaria glandulosa Cav.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
ADD1722808E6984C13CB8370836F99C1.taxon	description	Description. Small shrubs, subshrubs or perennial herbs, with a moderate to dense indumentum of simple curled hairs, sometimes also scattered plumose trichomes, intermixed with sessile, oblate glands (drying black) on stems. Stipules laciniate, pubescent, glandular, persistent. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, pinnae in 1 - 8 (- 11) pairs plus a terminal pinna; leaflets small, in 2 - 16 (- 27) pairs per pinna, always with multiple sessile glands on their lower surface (these orange in the field, drying black). Inflorescence a terminal or axillary raceme; bracts caducous. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx comprising a hypanthium and 5 lanceolate sepals, the lower sepal cucullate, covering the other 4 in bud, and closely embracing the androecium and gynoecium at anthesis, sepals not persistent in fruit; petals 5, free, yellow, white, red or pink; stamens 10, filaments pubescent; ovary sparsely to densely hairy and glandular, stigma lateral. Fruit a linear or sickle-shaped, laterally-compressed pod, apex acute, with a sparse to dense covering of plumose / dendritic or stellate trichomes (these sometimes obscure and restricted to the fruit margin) intermixed with sessile oblate glands (drying black), elastically dehiscent, with twisting valves. Seeds laterally compressed.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
ADD1722808E6984C13CB8370836F99C1.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. A genus of 17 taxa in 16 species: nine in North America (south-eastern USA, central and northern Mexico), four in South America (south-eastern Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina), and three in southern Africa (Namibia, Botswana and South Africa).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
ADD1722808E6984C13CB8370836F99C1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named by Cavanilles for Dominic Pomar, botanist from Valencia, and doctor to Philip III (1598 - 1621), King of Spain.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
0B5638E5F4055247B8DAE0985B56872F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Erythrostemon is closely related to Pomaria, but differs in habit, consisting of large shrubs and small to medium sized trees, or occasionally suffrutices (vs. shrubs, suffrutices, or perennial herbs in Pomaria). It also differs by its ovate-lanceolate to orbicular sepals (vs. linear, laciniate sepals in Pomaria), leaflets that are either eglandular or with conspicuous black sessile glands along the margin, these sometimes sunken in the sinuses of the crenulated margin (vs. leaflets with multiple glandular dots on the lower leaflet surfaces, that are orange in the field, drying black), the androecium and gynoecium free from the calyx (vs. the androecium and gynoecium cupped in the lower cucullate sepal), deflexed petals (vs. the two lower petals forming a horizontal platform above the lower cucullate sepal), and oblong-elliptic pods, the valves chartaceous to slightly woody, glabrous to pubescent, eglandular or with stipitate glands (vs. linear to sickle-shaped pods, the valves glabrous or with plumose trichomes and stipitate glands).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
0B5638E5F4055247B8DAE0985B56872F.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Erythrostemon gilliesii (Hook.) Klotzsch.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
0B5638E5F4055247B8DAE0985B56872F.taxon	description	Emended description. Shrubs or small to medium-sized trees varying from (0.5 -) 1 - 12 (- 20) meters tall, occasionally suffrutices (Erythrostemon nelsonii and Erythrostemon caudatus), unarmed (except Erythrostemon glandulosus); bark variable, smooth or rough, sometimes exfoliating, grey, greyish white, pale brown or reddish brown, often with white or black pustular lenticels; young stems terete (angular in Erythrostemon angulatus), glabrous to densely pubescent, eglandular to densely covered in stipitate-glands. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, ovate to orbicular, apex acute to acuminate, caducous (persistent in Erythrostemon argentinus and Erythrostemon caudatus). Leaves alternate, bipinnate, usually ending in a pair of pinnae plus a single terminal pinna; petioles (0.2 -) 0.5 - 8 (- 10) cm long; rachis (0.5 -) 1.2 - 14.5 (- 21.5) cm long, or lacking; petiole and rachis glabrous to densely pubescent, eglandular or covered in stipitate glands; pinnae in 1 - 6 (- 15) pairs, plus a terminal pinna (this occasionally lacking); leaflets in 2 - 13 (- 20) opposite pairs per pinna, size varying from a few mm in length and width (1.4 - 3 x 0.75 - 2 mm in Erythrostemon exilifolius), to 5.3 x 2.5 cm, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, obovate, ovate or sub-orbicular, leaflet blades eglandular or with conspicuous black sessile glands along the margin, these sometimes sunken in the sinuses of the crenulated margin. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal raceme. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx a short hypanthium with 5 sepals, 4.5 - 25 mm long, glabrous to pubescent, eglandular or with stipitate-glands, lower sepal cucullate in bud, all sepals caducous, the hypanthium persistent and abscising to form a free ring around the pedicel as the fruit matures; petals 5, free, imbricate, bright golden yellow, to creamish yellow, salmon pink or pink-scarlet, the median petal often with red-orange markings, the corolla diverse in form, the median petal 6 - 32 x 3.2 - 20 mm, the lateral petals 6 - 32 x 3.5 - 18.5 mm, petal blades eglandular or the dorsal surface covered with stipitate glands, claw margins glabrous to pubescent, eglandular or with gland-tipped trichomes; stamens 10, free, 0.6 - 3.5 cm long (up to 10 cm in Erythrostemon gilliesii), filaments pubescent, eglandular or with stipitate glands; ovary pubescent, eglandular or with sessile or stipitate glands, stigma a terminal fringed chamber. Fruit a chartaceous to coriaceous or slightly woody, laterally compressed pod, with a marcescent style persisting as a small beak, elastically dehiscent with twisting valves, 2.4 - 12.5 x 1 - 2.8 cm, glabrous to pubescent, eglandular or with stipitate glands, (1 -) 2 - 7 (- 8) - seeded. Seeds yellow to ochre-brown, or mottled with grey and black.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
0B5638E5F4055247B8DAE0985B56872F.taxon	distribution	Geographic distribution. The genus comprises 34 taxa in 31 species. Its circumscription is emended here to include many species previously placed in Central American and Mexican Poincianella. 22 species are found across the southern USA, Mexico and Central America, one occurs in the Caribbean (Cuba and Hispaniola), eight occur in South America, with one endemic in the caatinga vegetation of Brazil, and the other seven in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Paraguay.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
0B5638E5F4055247B8DAE0985B56872F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From erythro - (Greek: red) and stemon (Greek: stamen), the type species Erythrostemon gilliesii (Wall. ex Hook.) Klotzsch has long red exserted stamens, but this is unusual in the genus as circumscribed here.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
66857AA93AFF55B5AD2409678EF37F05.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Guerrero, vicinity of Acapulco, Oct 1894 - Mar 1895, Palmer 505 (holotype US!; isotypes F!, GH!, K!, MEXU!, NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
7DF7656209585FF6BB23FDFF3415F09E.taxon	materials_examined	Type. CHILE, Coquimbo (holotype? E, n. v.). Caesalpinia angulicaulis Clos, Fl. Chile: 223. 1846. Type. CHILE, Coquimbo, Andacollo, near the Rio Hurtado, 1837, C. Gay 525 (holotype? TL, n. v.; isotype SGO).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
7B268641B4E45839B03252F1B05828EF.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ARGENTINA, Jujuy, Santa Cornelia, Sierra de Santa Barbara, Nov 1911, Spegazzini 2159 (holotype LP, isotype SI). Caesalpinia coulterioides Griseb. Symb. Fl. Argent.: 113. 1879, pro parte.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
6D995961546854B29C44BFEB16363D55.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Sonora, c. 5 miles below Minas Nuevas, 12 Mar 1910, Rose et al. 12660 (holotype US!; isotype NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
F5EBD54447615B6EB76D70E097A9DA5A.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BRAZIL, Bahia, near Rio de Contas, Mar 1817, Prinz zu Wied-Neuwied (Princeps Maximilianus Neovidensis) s. n. (holotype BR!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
EC9AD08799A058DBA51678B88DE48106.taxon	materials_examined	Type. U. S. A., Texas, between the Nueces and the Rio Grande, Wright 146 (holotype GH; isotype K!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
6E869662F6EF5247874D0153249B8EA0.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Oaxaca State, 27 Mar 1989, Lewis et al. 1802 (holotype MEXU!; isotypes FCME!, FHO!, K!, M!, NY!, SI!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
CE26B99C4EC7558FB03E8E4D4FFC2976.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Argentina, Tucuman, near El Alduralde on the route to Salta, Feb 1873, Lorentz & Hieronymus 1004 (holotype GOET!; isotype CORD).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D80DA1C4102B558584B034584BC2F398.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ARGENTINA, Jujuy, Depto. Tumbaya, El Volcan, 12 - 13 May 1873, Lorentz & Hieronymus 760 (holotype GOET; isotype CORD). Caesalpinia coulterioides Griseb., emend. Burkart, Revista Argent. Agron. 3: 97. 1936.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
3C8AEED5D2B858EBA0DAA8CB4FC789F9.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Guerrero, Mpio. Martires de Cuellar, 18 Feb. 1986, Contreras 1825 (holotype FCME; isotype MEXU).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
FDB18CD04E3D5BEF9A8672AC1A4936A3.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ARGENTINA, Catamarca, near San Jose, 4 Jan 1872, Lorentz 352 (holotype GOET!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
06483A35E920541F8D8361A3FA647E6B.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, a painting, one of the copies of Ic. Fl. Mex. 80, represented at G-DC by de Candolle plate 218.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
FE8BCC80A9315A39AF5D28FF90FE8E80.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Veracruz, vicinity of Pueblo Viejo, 2 km S of Tampico, 1 and 2 Jun 1910. Palmer 556 (holotype US!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
F8E2A3E1AD73505D9F476D66689B258C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. BOLIVIA, " Chivesivi, Valle S de La Paz, alt. 8500 - 12000 ped. angl. ", Pentland 39 (holotype P!; isotype F!). Caesalpinia bangii Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 3 (3): 22. 1893. Type. BOLIVIA, 1891, Bang 757 (holotype NY!; isotypes E!, F!, GH!, K!). Caesalpinia cromantha Burkart, Revista Argent. Agron. 3 (2): 100. 1936. Type. ARGENTINA, Prov. Salta, Depto. Guachipas, Pampa Grande, Jan 1897, Spegazzini 2198 (holotype SI!; isotype LP).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
F23289800F3D587D9A64A4A7A4E8A4DD.taxon	materials_examined	Type. ARGENTINA, near Rio Quatro and Rio Quinto, and in La Punta de San Luis, Gillies s. n. (holotype K!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
21C2611071485B34B889694BB9869C3F.taxon	materials_examined	Type. HISPANIOLA, Bertero 84 (holotype G-DC).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
4E77A5C7987A5E84931A1F44CA4FC647.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Guerrero, District of Coyuca, Cuajilote, 9 May 1935, Hinton 7746 (holotype K!; isotypes A!, F!, GH!, MEXU).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B9D52817281C53FBB0AF1A89AA4C30CB.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Oaxaca, 5 km W of Rio Grande, 25 Mar 1989, Lewis et al. 1795 (holotype K!; isotypes FCME!, FHO!, K!, MEXU!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
661173EB1D295E23A076CEF3468A4670.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Oaxaca, Teojomulco, Hartweg 455 (holotype BM!; isotypes E!, K!, MEXU!, photos F!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
6ECD3B2832A352DAA4BE07F9ABEF519F.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Guerrero, Mpio. Zirandaro de Chavez, 8 Mar 1988, Contreras 2343 (holotype FCME; isotypes K!, MEXU). Caesalpinia laxa sensu McVaugh, pro parte quoad McVaugh 22517, non Benth.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D70423670C3E583CABD4031AFFF0AC20.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Puebla, near Tehuacan, 1 Sep 1906, Rose & Rose 11249 (holotype US!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
C9B1116C0CE4583C9FDAEB328BC851AF.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Nuevo Leon, near Monterrey, 11 Feb 1847, Gregg s. n. (lectotype GH!, fide McVaugh, 1987).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
C6A7ECEDAD96589C94B1FEBF5D3AE058.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Guerrero, between Copala and Juchitango [Juchitan], 9 Feb 1895, Nelson 2303 (holotype US!; isotypes GH!, NY!, photo MEXU).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
186A6F53209D55D8A61B1D6FC0C75652.taxon	materials_examined	Type. NICARAGUA, Department of Esteli, Hughes 1406 (holotype MEXU!; isotypes EAP, FHO, K!, NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
AF7182D7EBCB503E90FA418F879C5C85.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Puebla, Mpio. Acatlan de Osorio, 20 km to the W of Acatlan on the road from Oaxaca City to Izucar de Matamoros (Hwy. 190), 18 ° 17 ' N, 98 ° 5 ' W, 19 Feb 1993, J. A. Hawkins & C. E. Hughes 23 (holotype MEXU; isotypes FHO!, K!, MEXU).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
590785C36A0E5D3F8658D5887024E333.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Sonora, Guaymas, Jun 1887, Palmer 70 (holotype US!; isotypes GH!, K!, NY!). Poincianella arida Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Flora 23 (5): 332. 1930. Caesalpinia arida (Britton & Rose) Wiggins, Contr. Dudley Herb. 3 (3): 69. 1940. Type. MEXICO, Sonora, near Hermosillo, 7 Mar 1910, Rose et al. 12508 (holotype NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
FDE492E5779958CBA0B13F519EA7B215.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Baja California, San Gregoria, 1 Feb 1889, Brandegee s. n. (lectotype UC!, designated by Lewis 1998). Caesalpinia mexicana A. Gray var. californica A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 157. 1861. Poinciana californica (A. Gray) Rose, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 13: 303. 1911. Caesalpinia californica (A. Gray) Standl., Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 23: 426. 1922. Poincianella californica (A. Gray) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Flora 23 (5): 331. 1930. Type. MEXICO, Baja California, Cape St. Lucas, Aug 1859 - Jan 1860, Xantus 29 (lectotype GH!, designated by Lewis 1998; isolectotype NY!). Caesalpinia arenosa Wiggins, Contr. Dudley Herb. 3 (3): 68. 1940. Type. MEXICO, Baja California, 4 miles S of Guadalupe, 21 Mar 1935, Whitehead 839 (holotype DS).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
6BC6619D83465B2C80C590715CD63BAA.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Tamaulipas, Hacienda Buena Vista, 18 Jun 1919, Wooton s. n. (holotype US!; isotype NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
2B7E18F038725E4BBDEAAD6BFF222EC0.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Baja California, La Paz, 4 Feb 1890, Brandegee s. n. (lectotype UC!, designated by Lewis 1998; isolectotype GH!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
B33ED68B0AB85FA48A42530BDE8CBFE3.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Jalisco, Zapotlan, 25 May 1893, Pringle 5467 (holotype GH!; isotype MEXU!). Caesalpinia mexicana A. Gray var. pubescens B. L. Rob. & Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 29: 386. 1894. Type. As above.	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
C5193459E90D5F3490A23E0EA98BBC11.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Nayarit, Acaponeta, 9 Apr 1910, Rose et al. 14190 (holotype NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
43ECECEC337559F98FA65D46BF5FB3CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Yucatan, near Izamal, 1895, Gaumer 371 (holotype F!; isotypes F!, K!, NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
F641969575D858D9820E59CFD0C79BD6.taxon	materials_examined	Type. MEXICO, Chiapas, c. 4 km from Comalapa on road to La Trinitaria, 27 Feb 1992, Hughes et al. 1684 (holotype K (sheet 2)!, isotypes E!, FHO!, K!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
D3B8864E908D55E7B649CE4B647D8AA4.taxon	materials_examined	Type. HONDURAS, Dept. Yoro, lower Aguan Valley, c. 31 km W of Olanchito, 25 Mar 1991, Hughes 1448 (holotype K!; isotype FHO!).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
183F1F3451526004451C2F906A6C0E84.taxon	materials_examined	Type. " H. M. 6: t. 19 " (= Rheede's Hortus Malabaricus 6, plate 19, 1686).	en	Gagnon, Edeline, Bruneau, Anne, Hughes, Colin E., de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Lewis, Gwilym P. (2016): A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae). PhytoKeys 71: 1-160, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.71.9203
