taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
0390350AFFB8DF23FE211631FB079188.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202159/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202159	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB8DF23FE211631FB079188.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202161/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202161	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB8DF2CFE2010C2FDC892B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202159/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202159	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB8DF2CFE2010C2FDC892B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202161/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202161	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB4DF29FE301587FC2C90D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202163/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202163	Figure 4. Characters distinguishing the genera of Carukiidae. The location of the characters illustrated in (A–J) are indicated on the specimen in the upper left hand corner. The rhopaliar niche ostium is always horizontally oriented and more or less oval in the Carukiidae; however, its shape may vary among specimens. Carukia: (A) rhopaliar niche with horns, (B) velarium, (C) tentacle with “neckerchiefs”; Malo: (D) rhopaliar niche with horns, (E) velarium; Gerongia: (F) rhopaliar niche with horns, (G) velarium; Morbakka: (H, I) differences of rhopaliar niche and horns between M. fenneri (H) and M. virulenta (I), in both cases the rhopaliar horns are “rabbit-ear” shaped but the angle and breadth of the horns vary, (J) velarium. nc: “neckerchief”, nw: nematocyst wart, pl: perradial lappet, rn: rhopaliar niche, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	Figure 4. Characters distinguishing the genera of Carukiidae. The location of the characters illustrated in (A–J) are indicated on the specimen in the upper left hand corner. The rhopaliar niche ostium is always horizontally oriented and more or less oval in the Carukiidae; however, its shape may vary among specimens. Carukia: (A) rhopaliar niche with horns, (B) velarium, (C) tentacle with “neckerchiefs”; Malo: (D) rhopaliar niche with horns, (E) velarium; Gerongia: (F) rhopaliar niche with horns, (G) velarium; Morbakka: (H, I) differences of rhopaliar niche and horns between M. fenneri (H) and M. virulenta (I), in both cases the rhopaliar horns are “rabbit-ear” shaped but the angle and breadth of the horns vary, (J) velarium. nc: “neckerchief”, nw: nematocyst wart, pl: perradial lappet, rn: rhopaliar niche, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB4DF29FE301587FC2C90D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202159/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202159	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB4DF29FE301587FC2C90D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202161/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202161	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB2DF2BFE371003FD219513.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202159/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202159	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB2DF2BFE371003FD219513.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202161/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202161	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB0DF2BFE161447FECC91C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202159/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202159	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB0DF2BFE161447FECC91C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202161/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202161	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB0DF2AFE3D1332FEC191A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202159/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202159	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	Figure 2. Representative species of box jellyfish from each family of Carybdeida (A–E) and one from Chirodropida (F). Note that the chirodropid possesses multiple tentacles per pedalium (F) whereas the carybdeid species possess only a single tentacle per pedalium (A–E). (A) Tamoya ohboya (Tamoyidae; image courtesy of Tim Lowry), (B) Malo kingi (Carukiidae), (C) male and female of Copula sivickisi coupling during courtship (Tripedaliidae; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (D) Carybdea branchi (Carybdeidae; image courtesy of Brent Viljoen), (E) Alatina sp. (Alatinidae), (F) Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Chiropsalmidae).sb: swimming bell, pe: pedalium, te: tentacle.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB0DF2AFE3D1332FEC191A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202161/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202161	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	Figure 3. Key characters for identification of the Carybdeida: (A) location of taxonomic characters (Carybdea brevipedalia; image courtesy of Alvaro Migotto), (B) T-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium; note the three scales covering the niche, thus leaving a T-shaped ostium, (C) heartshaped rhopaliar niche ostium; niche ostium with only one upper covering scale, (D) key-hole shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Copula sivickisi, (E) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tripedalia, (F) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium in Tamoya, (G) frown-shaped rhopaliar niche ostium with rhopaliar horns in Malo, (H, I) vertical gastric phacellae in the stomach of Tamoya, (J) multiple pedalia on each corner of the swimming bell in Tripedalia, (K) crescentric gastric phacellae in Alatina (apical view). cs: covering scale, ma: manubrium, ph: gastric phacellae (comprises gastric cirri) in the stomach cavity, pc: pedalial canal, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pe: pedalium, rh: rhopalium, rn: rhopaliar niche that opens on the exumbrellar side of the bell with the rhopaliar niche ostium, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, sto: stomach, te: tentacle, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB1DF36FE0F10E3FC46973E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202163/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202163	Figure 4. Characters distinguishing the genera of Carukiidae. The location of the characters illustrated in (A–J) are indicated on the specimen in the upper left hand corner. The rhopaliar niche ostium is always horizontally oriented and more or less oval in the Carukiidae; however, its shape may vary among specimens. Carukia: (A) rhopaliar niche with horns, (B) velarium, (C) tentacle with “neckerchiefs”; Malo: (D) rhopaliar niche with horns, (E) velarium; Gerongia: (F) rhopaliar niche with horns, (G) velarium; Morbakka: (H, I) differences of rhopaliar niche and horns between M. fenneri (H) and M. virulenta (I), in both cases the rhopaliar horns are “rabbit-ear” shaped but the angle and breadth of the horns vary, (J) velarium. nc: “neckerchief”, nw: nematocyst wart, pl: perradial lappet, rn: rhopaliar niche, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	Figure 4. Characters distinguishing the genera of Carukiidae. The location of the characters illustrated in (A–J) are indicated on the specimen in the upper left hand corner. The rhopaliar niche ostium is always horizontally oriented and more or less oval in the Carukiidae; however, its shape may vary among specimens. Carukia: (A) rhopaliar niche with horns, (B) velarium, (C) tentacle with “neckerchiefs”; Malo: (D) rhopaliar niche with horns, (E) velarium; Gerongia: (F) rhopaliar niche with horns, (G) velarium; Morbakka: (H, I) differences of rhopaliar niche and horns between M. fenneri (H) and M. virulenta (I), in both cases the rhopaliar horns are “rabbit-ear” shaped but the angle and breadth of the horns vary, (J) velarium. nc: “neckerchief”, nw: nematocyst wart, pl: perradial lappet, rn: rhopaliar niche, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB1DF36FE0F10E3FC46973E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202165/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202165	Figure 5. Malo filipina: (A) whole specimen, USNM 27936, (B) view from subumbrellar opening into subumbrellar cavity; the manubrium was cut open showing the inside of the lower portion of the stomach (USNM 27936), (C) frenulum 27936, (D) velarium with perradial lappet (USNM 27936), (E) velarium with perradial lappet (USNM 27935), (F) pedalium (USNM 28714), (G) pedalial canal with proximal pedalial canal bend (USNM 27936), (H) rhopaliar niche (USNM 27936). fre: frenulum, ma: manubrium, me: mesenterium, nw: nematocyst wart, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pl: perradial lappet, rho: rhopaliar horn, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, ve: velarium. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B, D–F), 5 mm (C, G and H).	Figure 5. Malo filipina: (A) whole specimen, USNM 27936, (B) view from subumbrellar opening into subumbrellar cavity; the manubrium was cut open showing the inside of the lower portion of the stomach (USNM 27936), (C) frenulum 27936, (D) velarium with perradial lappet (USNM 27936), (E) velarium with perradial lappet (USNM 27935), (F) pedalium (USNM 28714), (G) pedalial canal with proximal pedalial canal bend (USNM 27936), (H) rhopaliar niche (USNM 27936). fre: frenulum, ma: manubrium, me: mesenterium, nw: nematocyst wart, pcb: pedalial canal bend, pl: perradial lappet, rho: rhopaliar horn, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, ve: velarium. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B, D–F), 5 mm (C, G and H).	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFB1DF36FE0F10E3FC46973E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202167/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202167	Figure 6. Nematocysts of Malo filipina; for identifications and sizes see cnidome description.	Figure 6. Nematocysts of Malo filipina; for identifications and sizes see cnidome description.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFADDF32FE60167AFE6196AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202163/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202163	Figure 4. Characters distinguishing the genera of Carukiidae. The location of the characters illustrated in (A–J) are indicated on the specimen in the upper left hand corner. The rhopaliar niche ostium is always horizontally oriented and more or less oval in the Carukiidae; however, its shape may vary among specimens. Carukia: (A) rhopaliar niche with horns, (B) velarium, (C) tentacle with “neckerchiefs”; Malo: (D) rhopaliar niche with horns, (E) velarium; Gerongia: (F) rhopaliar niche with horns, (G) velarium; Morbakka: (H, I) differences of rhopaliar niche and horns between M. fenneri (H) and M. virulenta (I), in both cases the rhopaliar horns are “rabbit-ear” shaped but the angle and breadth of the horns vary, (J) velarium. nc: “neckerchief”, nw: nematocyst wart, pl: perradial lappet, rn: rhopaliar niche, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	Figure 4. Characters distinguishing the genera of Carukiidae. The location of the characters illustrated in (A–J) are indicated on the specimen in the upper left hand corner. The rhopaliar niche ostium is always horizontally oriented and more or less oval in the Carukiidae; however, its shape may vary among specimens. Carukia: (A) rhopaliar niche with horns, (B) velarium, (C) tentacle with “neckerchiefs”; Malo: (D) rhopaliar niche with horns, (E) velarium; Gerongia: (F) rhopaliar niche with horns, (G) velarium; Morbakka: (H, I) differences of rhopaliar niche and horns between M. fenneri (H) and M. virulenta (I), in both cases the rhopaliar horns are “rabbit-ear” shaped but the angle and breadth of the horns vary, (J) velarium. nc: “neckerchief”, nw: nematocyst wart, pl: perradial lappet, rn: rhopaliar niche, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, rho: rhopaliar horn, ve: velarium, vec: velarial canal.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFADDF32FE60167AFE6196AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202169/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202169	Figure 7. Morbakka virulenta: (A) specimen in its natural environment in Hiroshima Bay (image courtesy of Masato Kawahara), (B) whole specimen of the neotype USNM 1124253, (C) interior of stomach with area corrugata, (D) subumbrellar view with manubrium and mesentery, (E) frenulum, (F) velarium with perradial lappet, (G) pedalium with nematocyst warts on outer keel and overhang on inner keel, (H) pedalial canal with pedalial canal bend, (I) rhopaliar niche. (B, C, I) USNM 1124253; (H) USNM 114252. ac: area corrugata, fre: frenulum, ik: inner keel, ma: manubrium, me: mesentery, ok: outer keel, pl: perradial lappet, rho: rhopaliar horn, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, ve: velarium. Scale bars: 10 mm.	Figure 7. Morbakka virulenta: (A) specimen in its natural environment in Hiroshima Bay (image courtesy of Masato Kawahara), (B) whole specimen of the neotype USNM 1124253, (C) interior of stomach with area corrugata, (D) subumbrellar view with manubrium and mesentery, (E) frenulum, (F) velarium with perradial lappet, (G) pedalium with nematocyst warts on outer keel and overhang on inner keel, (H) pedalial canal with pedalial canal bend, (I) rhopaliar niche. (B, C, I) USNM 1124253; (H) USNM 114252. ac: area corrugata, fre: frenulum, ik: inner keel, ma: manubrium, me: mesentery, ok: outer keel, pl: perradial lappet, rho: rhopaliar horn, rno: rhopaliar niche ostium, ve: velarium. Scale bars: 10 mm.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
0390350AFFADDF32FE60167AFE6196AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/5202171/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202171	Figure 8. Nematocysts of Morbakka virulenta; for identifications and sizes see cnidome description.	Figure 8. Nematocysts of Morbakka virulenta; for identifications and sizes see cnidome description.	2012-11-30	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl		Zenodo	biologists	Bentlage, Bastian;Lewis, Cheryl			
