taxonID	type	description	language	source
039387BAFFE4FFFCFF2BF8C669CAFC72.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Talorchestia brito Stebbing, 1891. Included species. Sandhoppers. Britorchestia includes 2 species: B. brito (Stebbing, 1891); B. ugolinii (Bellan-Santini & Ruffo, 1991).	en	Bopiah, Arundathi (2012): Britorchestia, a new talitrid genus from western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and a revision of Pseudorchestoidea and Sardorchestia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae). Zootaxa 3451: 60-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215408
039387BAFFE4FFFCFF2BF8C669CAFC72.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for the type species ‘ T. brito ’ in combination with the Orchestia stem. Diagnostic description (based on male). Eyes large (greater than 1 / 3 head length). Antenna 1 short, not longer than article 4 of antenna 2 peduncle. Antenna 2 peduncular articles well developed, slender; peduncular article 3 without ventral process. Labrum without robust setae. Mandible left lacinia mobilis 5 - dentate. Maxilliped palp article 2 distomedial lobe well developed; article 4 fused to article 3. Gnathopod 1 parachelate; posterior margin of carpus and propodus each with lobe covered in palmate setae. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; merus and carpus free; dactylus not modified distally. Pereopods 3 – 7 cuspidactylate. Pereopods 5 – 7 without setae along posterior margin of the dactylus. Pereopods 6 – 7 not sexually dimorphic, without row of short setae along posterior margin of dactyli. Pleonites 1 – 3 without dorsal spines. Pleopods all well developed. Epimera without vertical slits. Uropod 1 rami without apical separ-shaped setae; outer ramus slender; with marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 well developed; ramus subequal or slightly shorter in length to peduncle. Telson entire, with 3 – 6 robust setae per lobe.	en	Bopiah, Arundathi (2012): Britorchestia, a new talitrid genus from western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and a revision of Pseudorchestoidea and Sardorchestia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae). Zootaxa 3451: 60-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215408
039387BAFFE4FFFCFF2BF8C669CAFC72.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Britorchestia brito (Stebbing, 1891) was originally described from North Devon, England in the genus Talorchestia and subsequently transferred to Pseudorchestoidea by Bousfield (1982). It is a widespread species known from Poland in the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean and along the Atlantic coast in Morocco. Britorchestia ugolinii (Bellan-Santini & Ruffo, 1991) was originally described from Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea in the genus Talorchestia and is currently confined to records in the Mediterranean Sea. The main generic-level character differences that excludes these taxa from either Pseudorchestoidea or Talorchestia are: the presence of marginal robust setae on the outer ramus of uropod 1 in Britorchestia (absent in Pseudorchestoidea and Talorchestia) and the sparse number of telsonic setae (3 – 6) in Britorchestia (at least 10 in Talorchestia).	en	Bopiah, Arundathi (2012): Britorchestia, a new talitrid genus from western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and a revision of Pseudorchestoidea and Sardorchestia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae). Zootaxa 3451: 60-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215408
039387BAFFE4FFFCFF2BF8C669CAFC72.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Eastern Atlantic: Norway, England, Ireland, Denmark, Holland, France, Morocco. Mediterranean Sea: Corsica, France, Tunisia.	en	Bopiah, Arundathi (2012): Britorchestia, a new talitrid genus from western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and a revision of Pseudorchestoidea and Sardorchestia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae). Zootaxa 3451: 60-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215408
039387BAFFE1FFFDFF2BFC6468FEFF21.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Orchestia biolleyi Stebbing, 1908, original designation. Included species. Pseudorchestoidea includes 3 species: P. biolleyi (Stebbing, 1908); P. meridionalis (Schuster, 1954); P. mexicana Bousfield, 1982. Diagnostic description (based on male). Eyes large (greater than 1 / 3 head length). Antenna 1 short, not longer than article 4 of antenna 2 peduncle. Antenna 2 peduncular articles slender; peduncular article 3 without ventral process. Labrum without robust setae. Mandible left lacinia mobilis 4 or 5 - dentate. Maxilliped palp article 2 distomedial lobe well developed; article 4 fused to article 3. Gnathopod 1 parachelate; posterior margin of carpus and propodus each with lobe covered in palmate setae. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; merus / carpus free; dactylus not modified distally. Pereopods 3 – 7 cuspidactylate. Pereopods 5 – 7 without setae along posterior margin of the dactylus. Pereopods 6 – 7 not sexually dimorphic, without row of short setae along posterior margin of dactyli. Pleonites 1 – 3 without dorsal spines. Pleopods all well developed. Epimera without vertical slits. Uropod 1 rami with apical spear-shaped setae; outer ramus slender, without marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 well developed; ramus longer or subequal in length to peduncle. Telson entire, with 3 – 9 robust setae per lobe.	en	Bopiah, Arundathi (2012): Britorchestia, a new talitrid genus from western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and a revision of Pseudorchestoidea and Sardorchestia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae). Zootaxa 3451: 60-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215408
039387BAFFE1FFFDFF2BFC6468FEFF21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pseudorchestoidea brito and P. gracilis are moved to Britorchestia and Sardorchestia respectively. Both species have marginal robust setae on the outer ramus of uropod 1. Pseudorchestoidea (sensu stricto) is very similar to Platorchestia (group 3) of Miyamoto & Morino (2004). The only significant generic-level differences between these taxa are: the apparently fused articles 3 and 4 of the maxillipedal palp (reduced, button-shaped in Platorchestia (group 3 )) and the length of the uropod 3 ramus – subequal or longer than the peduncle in Pseudorchestoidea and shorter in Platorchestia (group 3). In our diagnosis Pseudorchestoidea only differs from Talorchestia in the length of the ramus to the peduncle of uropod 3 and that is gradational. Morino & Miyamoto (1988) separate Pseudorchestoidea from Talorchestia based on the large eyes, the short, expanded dactylus of pereopod 5; and the modified apical spade-like robust setae of uropods 1 and 2. They also suggest modified pleopods, but this is a very subtle difference and the elongate ramus of uropod 3, but this is not true for the type species P. biolleyi. As currently defined Pseudorchestoidea is a small genus confined to the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean whose immediate sister taxon appears to be Talorchestia, another small genus confined the the western Pacific Ocean. Distribution. Central America: Costa Rico; El Salvador; Mexico.	en	Bopiah, Arundathi (2012): Britorchestia, a new talitrid genus from western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and a revision of Pseudorchestoidea and Sardorchestia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae). Zootaxa 3451: 60-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215408
039387BAFFE3FFFEFF2BFF0468C3FB37.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Talorchestia pelecaniformis Bellan-Santini & Ruffo, 1986, original designation. Included species. Sardorchestia includes 2 species: S. gracilis (Bousfield & Klawe, 1983); S. pelecaniformis (Bellan-Santini & Ruffo, 1986). Diagnostic description (based on male). Eyes large (greater than 1 / 3 head length). Antenna 1 short, not longer than article 4 of antenna 2 peduncle. Antenna 2 peduncular articles slender; peduncular article 3 without ventral process. Labrum without robust setae. Mandible left lacinia mobilis 4 - dentate. Maxilliped palp article 2 distomedial lobe well developed; article 4 fused to article 3. Gnathopod 1 parachelate; posterior margin of carpus and propodus each with lobe covered in palmate setae. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; merus / carpus free; dactylus not modified distally. Pereopods 3 – 7 cuspidactylate. Pereopods 5 – 7 without setae along posterior margin of the dactylus. Pereopods 6 – 7 not sexually dimorphic. Pleonites 1 – 3 without dorsal spines. Pleopods all well developed. Epimera without vertical slits. Uropod 1 rami without apical separ-shaped setae; outer ramus slender; with marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 well developed; ramus subequal in length to peduncle. Telson apically incised, with 7 to at least 10 robust setae per lobe.	en	Bopiah, Arundathi (2012): Britorchestia, a new talitrid genus from western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and a revision of Pseudorchestoidea and Sardorchestia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae). Zootaxa 3451: 60-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215408
039387BAFFE3FFFEFF2BFF0468C3FB37.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Orchestoidea gracilis Bousfield & Klawe, 1963 was included in Pseudorchestoidea Bousfield, 1982, but it differs from other species in the genus by: gnathopod 1 is parachelate (simple or subchelate in Pseudorchestoidea); and the presence of marginal robust setae on the outer ramus of uropod 1 (absent in Pseudorchestoidea). There appears to be no generic-level characters separating Pseudorchestoidea gracilis (Bousfield & Klawe, 1963) and Sardorchestia pelecaniformis (Bellan-Santini & Ruffo, 1986). Sardorchestia pelecaniformis is considered to have a slightly incrassate second antenna, but when compared with Pseudorchestoidea gracilis there is no discernible difference. We are therefore including P. gracilis in the genus Sardorchestia. An important corroboration of this change would be a molecular comparison of the two species. There is already CO 1 information for S. pelecaniformis. These relationships most likely reflect a situation at the time of the opening of the Atlantic Ocean when the ancestors of all these genera inhabited the beaches of Laurasia.	en	Bopiah, Arundathi (2012): Britorchestia, a new talitrid genus from western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and a revision of Pseudorchestoidea and Sardorchestia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae). Zootaxa 3451: 60-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215408
039387BAFFE3FFFEFF2BFF0468C3FB37.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mexico: Baja California. Mediterranean: Sardinia.	en	Bopiah, Arundathi (2012): Britorchestia, a new talitrid genus from western Europe and the Mediterranean Sea and a revision of Pseudorchestoidea and Sardorchestia (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae). Zootaxa 3451: 60-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215408
