identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0392662BFF992F63FF61F103FC9EFD3A.text	0392662BFF992F63FF61F103FC9EFD3A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclotella striata (Kutzing) Grunow	<div><p>Cyclotella striata (Kützing) Grunow in Cleve &amp; Grunow (1880: 119) (Fig. 2)</p> <p>References: Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1991, pl. 45, fig. 6; Desikachary 1988, pl. 560, figs 3, 4, 6 and 7–9; Al-Handal 2009, p. 16, figs 17,18.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 20–36 μm, marginal striae 8–10 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves circular, central area undulate, coarsely punctate. Marginal striae radiate, occupy almost halve the distance to valve center. Marginal chambers cover 2–3 alveolar openings.</p> <p>Remarks: C. striata may be confused with similar species like C. littoralis Lange &amp; Syvertsen (1989: 343) and C. baltica (Grunow) Håkansson (2002:104) but can be distinguished by the absence of valve face fultoportulae.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed brackish water and marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Simonsen 1974; Al-Handal 2009). Common in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF992F63FF61F103FC9EFD3A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF992F63FF61F2F3FC24FB92.text	0392662BFF992F63FF61F2F3FC24FB92.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclotella stylorum Brightwell 1860	<div><p>Cyclotella stylorum Brightwell (1860: 96) (Fig. 3)</p> <p>References: Brightwell 1860, pl. 6, fig. 16; Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1991, p. 46, pl. 59, fig. 6; Desikachary 1988, pl. 560, figs 1,2,5, 10; Hendey, 1970, p.112, pl. 6, fig. 68.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 36–60 μm, marginal striae 13–15 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves circular, central area slightly undulate to nearly flat, coarsely punctate. Marginal striae radiate, occupy 1/3 the distance to valve center.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed brackish water and marine species, more common in warm waters. Previously known from the Gulf (Hendey 1970). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF992F63FF61F2F3FC24FB92	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF992F63FF61F699FD3CF849.text	0392662BFF992F63FF61F699FD3CF849.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Podosira stelligera (Bailey) Mann 1907	<div><p>Podosira stelligera (Bailey) Mann (1907: 242) (Figs 5, 6)</p> <p>References: Mann 1907, p. 242; Hendey 1964, p. 90, pl. 22, fig. 6; Hoppenrath et al. 2009, fig. 54.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 34–56 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves circular, rounded areolae arranged in radial striae. Distinct straight rows of dots occur from the center up to the periphery of the valve face forming a stellate appearance.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A marine benthic species commonly found in the plankton. Previously reported from the Gulf (Simonsen 1974). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF992F63FF61F699FD3CF849	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF992F63FF61F4A5FA6AF9AD.text	0392662BFF992F63FF61F4A5FA6AF9AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tryblioptychus cocconeiformis (Cleve) Hendey 1958	<div><p>Tryblioptychus cocconeiformis (Cleve) Hendey (1958: 46) (Fig. 4)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1958, p. 46; pl. 2, fig. 10; Prasad et al. 2002, p. 295, figs 5–26; Al-Handal 2009, p. 164, fig. 12.</p> <p>Features: Length 26–32 μm, width 25–28 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves broadly elliptical, slightly undulate with raised and depressed sectors. Valve mantle distinct with a ring of large areolae. Striae on valve surface arranged in fascicles, each fascicle with 2–4 rows of small areolae.</p> <p>Remarks: This species is rather common in the North-West region of the Gulf. It was first recorded by Tynni (1983, p. 8, fig. 86) but he mistakenly described it as new species belonging to Cyclotella (C. crassa Tynni 1983:13) based on the short marginal radial striae, which is a feature seen in some species of Cyclotella.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A marine epipelic species commonly found in warm waters, particularly in bays and shallow coastal water. Previously reported from the Gulf (Tynni 1983, Al-Handal 2009). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF992F63FF61F4A5FA6AF9AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F2F3FD8BFBB6.text	0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F2F3FD8BFBB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coscinodiscus centralis Ehrenberg 1839	<div><p>Coscinodiscus centralis Ehrenberg (1839: 129) (Fig. 8)</p> <p>References: Hasle &amp; Syvertsen 1997, figs 6a–c; pl. 15, figs 20a, b; Desikachary 1988, pl. 510, fig. 4, pl. 514, fig. 6, pl. 547, figs 1–4.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 140–200 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves circular, slightly convex. Hexagonal areolae arranged in radial lines. In the center of the valve is visible characteristic rosette of larger central areolae.</p> <p>Remarks: This large species is widespread in the plankton of the Gulf and is deposited on the sediment in Basra corals.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: widely distributed pelagic species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Simonsen 1974). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F2F3FD8BFBB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F447FDFAFA2E.text	0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F447FDFAFA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenberg 1843	<div><p>Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenberg (1843: 412) (Fig. 9)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 78, pl. 22, fig.2; Desikachary 1988, pl. 537, figs 1–4, pl. 538, figs 1–6.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 41–70 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves circular, convex with large hexagonal areolae arranged in quincunx structure. Marginal areolae smaller in size, central area absent. Valve margin broad.</p> <p>Remarks: Deposited from the plankton.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed pelagic species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Kandari et al. 2009). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F447FDFAFA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F0B3FABBFDCE.text	0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F0B3FABBFDCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1873	<div><p>Paralia sulcata (Ehrenberg) Cleve (1873: 7) (Fig. 7)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 73, pl. 23, fig. 5; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 37, pl. 8, figs 10, 11.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 40–70 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves circular with flat to slightly convex and hyaline center. Valve face with a ring of short and radiate markings.</p> <p>Remarks: The genus Paralia includes several species which are difficult to separate without observations with electron microscopes (Crawford 1979), this is mainly due to different valve types of the species. Observations with SEM revealed several taxa previously described as P. sulcata (Macgillivary &amp; Kaczmarska 2013). The present specimens were assigned to P. sulcata based on matching with illustrations of the species in the literature.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A marine cosmopolitan species, normally found on sediment but occasionally in the plankton. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1964, Al-Kandari et al. 2009). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F0B3FABBFDCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F613FD94F8DE.text	0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F613FD94F8DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triceratium robertsianum Greville 1863	<div><p>Triceratium robertsianum Greville (1863) (Fig. 10)</p> <p>References: Greville 1863, pl. 9, fig. 9; Navarro 1981, p. 619, fig. 62.</p> <p>Features: Length between two angles 58–70 μm, areolae 3 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves triangular with constricted rounded apices and concave margins. Middle part of the valve face slightly arched. Hexagonal areolae are distributed forming a quincunx structure.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution s: A marine species more commonly found in warm waters. Previously reported from the Gulf (Simonsen 1974). Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF9F2F65FF61F613FD94F8DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF9F2F66FF61F7E7FD37FE53.text	0392662BFF9F2F66FF61F7E7FD37FE53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actinocyclus curvatulus Janisch 1874	<div><p>Actinocyclus curvatulus Janisch in Schmidt et al. (1878: pl. 57:31) (Fig. 11)</p> <p>References: Schmidt et al. 1878, pl. 57, fig. 31; Hustedt, 1930, fig. 307; Witkowski et al., 2000, p. 20, pl. 6, fig. 2.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 40–65 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves circular and concave with rounded areolae decrease in size towards valve margin. Small pseudonodulus are visible near the valve margin.</p> <p>Remarks: This species can be distinguished by the distinctly curved rows of areolae which decrease in size towards the margin and the marginal processes located at the end of each row (internal side of the valve). Marginal pseudonodulus may become indistinguishable. Areolae 6–8 in 10 μm near the center and 10–18 in 10 μm near the margin. Marginal process 10–12 in the observed specimens which is less than those reported elsewhere (12–18).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed species, previously recorded from the Gulf (Simonsen 1974, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF9F2F66FF61F7E7FD37FE53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF9C2F66FF61F224FB95FCEF.text	0392662BFF9C2F66FF61F224FB95FCEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actinocyclus octonarius Ehrenberg 1837	<div><p>Actinocyclus octonarius Ehrenberg (1837: 61) (Fig. 12)</p> <p>References: Ricard 1987, figs 35–39; Podzorski &amp; Håkansson 1987, pl. 3, fig. 1; Witkowski et al., 2000, pl. 4, figs 2,3.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 70–150 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves circular and convex with rounded areolae arranged irregularly in fascicles and decrease in size towards the margin. Large pseudonodulus occur near valve margin.</p> <p>Remarks: This species can be easily distinguished by the distinct marginal psudonodulus and the fasciculate areolae which are separated by longer striae. Areolae 8–10 near valve center but become much smaller towards the margin.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously recorded from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Simonsen 1974, Al-Handal 2009; Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF9C2F66FF61F224FB95FCEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF9C2F66FF61F408FC2EFA0B.text	0392662BFF9C2F66FF61F408FC2EFA0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyrella abrupta (Gregory) D. G. Mann	<div><p>Lyrella abrupta (Gregory) D.G. Mann in Round et al. (1990: 674) (Fig. 13)</p> <p>References: Hustedt 1961–66, p. 516, fig. 1558; Hendey, 1964, p. 210, pl. 33, fig.12 (as Navicula abrupta (W.Gregory) Donkin 1870: 13); Witkowski et al., 2000, p. 229, pl. 95, figs 4, 5; pl. 99, fig. 8.</p> <p>Features: Length 40–56 μm, width 16–20 μm, striae 14–17 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves elliptical with broadly rounded apices and straight raphe fissures. Narrow lanceolate lateral hyaline areas slightly expanded, becoming narrower near central pores and terminal fissures.</p> <p>Remarks: Observed specimens were with slightly higher striae density than originally described.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species. Previously known from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011, Al-Handal 2009). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF9C2F66FF61F408FC2EFA0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF9C2F66FF61F59CFD5FF94F.text	0392662BFF9C2F66FF61F59CFD5FF94F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyrella clavata (Gregory) D. G. Mann	<div><p>Lyrella clavata (Gregory) D.G. Mann in Round et al. (1990: 672) (Fig. 14)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1970, p. 135, pl. 2, fig. 17 (as Navicula clavata Gregory (1856: 46); Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 231, pl. 97, fig. 6.</p> <p>Features: Length 40–72 μm, width: 26–34 μm, striae 11–15 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves broadly elliptical with sub-rostrate apices and straight raphe fissures. Hyaline lateral areas are broadly lanceolate.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine littoral species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Handal 2009). Frequent in Basra corals,</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF9C2F66FF61F59CFD5FF94F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF9C2F68FF61F6D8FD83FF57.text	0392662BFF9C2F68FF61F6D8FD83FF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyrella hennedyi (W. Smith) Stickle & D. G. Mann	<div><p>Lyrella hennedyi (W. Smith) Stickle &amp; D.G. Mann in Round et al. (1990: 672) (Fig. 15)</p> <p>References: Hustedt 1961–66, p. 453, fig. 1516; Desikachary, 1989, pl.629, figs 1,3,4,5,9; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 233, pl. 95, fig.3, pl.98, fig.4</p> <p>Features: Length 42–64 μm, width 26–44 μm, striae 12–18 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves broadly elliptical with rounded apices and straight raphe fissures. Hyaline lateral areas broadly lanceolate becoming narrower near the apices. Transapical striae parallel at the center and radiate at the poles.</p> <p>Remarks: All observed specimens were with higher striae density, normally L. hennedyi possesses 9–11 striae in 10 μm.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970,</p> <p>Al-Handal 2009). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF9C2F68FF61F6D8FD83FF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF922F68FF61F120FD21FD07.text	0392662BFF922F68FF61F120FD21FD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyrella lyra var. subcarinata (Grunow) Moreno 1996	<div><p>Lyrella lyra var. subcarinata (Grunow) Moreno in Moreno et al. (1996: 88) (Fig. 16)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1951, p. 50, pl. 10, figs 2,3; Moreno et al. 1996, p. 88; pl. 24, fig. 1; Desikachary 1989, pl. 640, fig. 10 (all as Navicula subcarinata Hendey 1951: 50).</p> <p>Features: Length 80–140 μm, width 40–52 μm, striae 13–15 in 10μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves broadly elliptical with sub-rostrate apices and straight raphe fissures. Hyaline lateral areas narrow. Transapical striae parallel throughout the length of the valve.</p> <p>Remarks: The main characteristic feature that differentiate this variety from the type is the shape of the central area which is more elevated, a reason that led Hendey (1951) to consider it as a distinctive species.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in the material examined.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF922F68FF61F120FD21FD07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF922F68FF61F290FE4FFBEB.text	0392662BFF922F68FF61F290FE4FFBEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lyrella spectabilis (Gregory) D. G. Mann	<div><p>Lyrella spectabilis (Gregory) D.G. Mann in Round et al. (1990: 673) (Fig. 17)</p> <p>References: Hustedt 1961–66, p. 474, fig. 1532 (as Navicula spectabilis Gregory (1857: 481); Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 236, pl. 95, figs 1, 2, pl. 96, fig.1, pl. 99, fig. 1.</p> <p>Features: Length 85–130 μm, width 40–64 μm, striae 7–9 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves broadly elliptical with rounded apices and straight raphe fissures. Hyaline lateral areas lanceolate, becoming narrower near the apices. Transapical striae parallel at the center and strongly radiate at the poles.</p> <p>Remarks: This species differs from Lyrella hennedyi (W.Smith) Stickle &amp; D.G.Mann (in Round et al. 1990: 672) and L. lyra (Ehrenberg) Karajeva (1978: 1595) by the shape of the axial area.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF922F68FF61F290FE4FFBEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF922F68FF61F4BCFC2EF9BF.text	0392662BFF922F68FF61F4BCFC2EF9BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petroneis granulata (Bailey) D. G. Mann	<div><p>Petroneis granulata (Bailey) D.G.Mann in Round et al. (1990: 674) (Fig. 18)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 208, pl. 31, fig. 6 (as Navicula granulata Ehrenberg (1836: 220); Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 327, pl. 97, figs 1, 2.</p> <p>Features: Length 90–124 μm, width 34–44 μm, striae 8–12 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves elliptical-lanceolate with protracted rostrate apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in expanded pores. Transapical striae monoseriate, parallel at the center and radiate at the poles. Striae composed of rounded areolae more dense in the valve margin.</p> <p>Remarks: P. granulata can be distinguished by striae structure which exhibit a more spaced and irregularly positioned areola around the axial area that become more compact and dense towards the margins.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widespread marine littoral species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Handal 2009, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF922F68FF61F4BCFC2EF9BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF922F68FF61F648FB88F783.text	0392662BFF922F68FF61F648FB88F783.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petroneis marina	<div><p>Petroneis marina (Ralfs in Pritchard) D.G. Mann in Round et al. (1990: 674) (Fig. 19)</p> <p>References: Brockmann 1950, pl. 3, fig. 17; Hustedt 1961–1966 fig. 1697 (both as Navicula marina Ralfs in Pritchard (1861: 903); Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 328, pl. 102, fig. 1.</p> <p>Features: length 40–64 μm, width 20–28 μm, striae 11–13 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description:Valves elliptical-lanceolate with rounded apices.Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in expanded pores. Central area slightly transapically dilated. Monoseriate transapical striae strongly radiate and composed of rounded areolae.</p> <p>Remarks: Distinguished from the similar P. granulata D.G. Mann (in Round et al. 1990: 674) by having regularly spaced striae.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widespread marine and brackish water species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970; Al-Handal 2009; Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF922F68FF61F648FB88F783	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF932F69FF61F6A6FE4FF7A2.text	0392662BFF932F69FF61F6A6FE4FF7A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Berkeleya scopulorum (Brebisson) Cox 1979	<div><p>Berkeleya scopulorum (Brébisson) Cox (1979: 173) (Fig. 23)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 193, pl. 41, fig. 1 (as Navicula scopulorum Brébisson (in Kützing 1849: 81); Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 157, pl. 62, figs 3–5; Al-Handal 2009, p. 22, fig. 124.</p> <p>Features: Length 100–180 μm, width 8–16 μm, striae 16–20 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves long, linear with broadly rounded apices and widened middle zone. Raphe fissures straight, terminal endings terminate below apices. Axial area very narrow, central area rounded. Transapical striae coarsely punctate, slightly radiate at the center, convergent near the apices.</p> <p>Remarks: This is an epipelic species widely distributed in estuaries. Although considered as marine species, it can thrive in brackish water (Al-Handal 2009).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widespread species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF932F69FF61F6A6FE4FF7A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF932F69FF61F47BFC31FA76.text	0392662BFF932F69FF61F47BFC31FA76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cocconeis latecostata Hustedt 1955	<div><p>Cocconeis latecostata Hustedt (1955: 16) (Fig. 22)</p> <p>References: Hustedt 1955, p. 16, pl. 5, figs 1–3; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 110, pl. 33, figs 10–12.</p> <p>Features: Length 18–24 μm, width 12–16 μm, marginal transapical striae on sternum valve 7–8 in 10 μm, inner striae on both sides of the sternum 28–30 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Sternum valve elliptical with broadly rounded apices. Sternum wide, lanceolate with irregularly dispersed areolae. Valve margin costate.</p> <p>Remarks: Only sternum valves were observed with valves slightly wider than that reported by Hustedt (1955) and having shorter marginal striae.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: C. latecostata is a marine species rarely reported in the literature and seems to have limited distribution, originally described from the coasts of California, the United States (Husted 1955). Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Rare in Basra corals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF932F69FF61F47BFC31FA76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF932F69FF61F26EFBA1FC36.text	0392662BFF932F69FF61F26EFBA1FC36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mastogloia quinquecostata Grunow 1860	<div><p>Mastogloia quinquecostata Grunow (1860: 578) (Fig. 21)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1970, p. 147, Pl. 1, fig. 5; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 259, pl. 80, figs 7, 8.</p> <p>Features: Length 90–160 μm, width 30–50 μm, striae 14–16 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves elliptical to rhombic with protracted apices. Raphe branches almost straight, ending centrally in slightly expanded pores and bordered by slightly raised thickenings. External valve face shows a lanceolate median depression on both sides of the raphe-sternum, slightly raised up at the center. Transapical striae monoseriate, parallel at the center and radiate at the poles, crossed by more or less wavy longitudinal ribs.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens observed were larger in size than previously reported, with striae slightly less dense.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species particularly in warm waters. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Common in Basra corals,</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF932F69FF61F26EFBA1FC36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF912F6BFF61F50CFD8EF9D3.text	0392662BFF912F6BFF61F50CFD8EF9D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biremis ambigua (Cleve) D. G. Mann	<div><p>Biremis ambigua (Cleve) D.G. Mann in Round et al. (1990: 664) (Fig. 28)</p> <p>References: Witkowski et al., 2000, p. 158, pl. 155, figs 2–6; Hein et al., 2008, p. 47, pl.20, fig. 9; pl. 21, fig. 6.</p> <p>Features: Length: 42–60 μm, width: 6–8 μm, striae 12–14 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear with rounded apices. Raphe-sternum large with slightly undulate raphe fissures. Central area undistinguished. Transapical striae coarse, parallel and developed in the outer zone of the valve.</p> <p>Remarks: Examined specimens possess slightly higher striae density (normally 8–11 in 10 μm).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF912F6BFF61F50CFD8EF9D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF912F6BFF61F1C8FF3DFC97.text	0392662BFF912F6BFF61F1C8FF3DFC97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parlibellus rhombiformis (Hustedt) Cox 1988	<div><p>Parlibellus rhombiformis (Hustedt) Cox (1988: 25) (Fig. 26)</p> <p>References: Simonsen 1987, p. 490, pl, 472, figs 1–3; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 326, pl. 103, fig. 8.</p> <p>Features: Length 60–68 μm, width 21–22 μm, striae 20–22 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves rhombic-lanceolate with rounded, slightly produced apices. Raphe straight, terminal endings terminate below apices. Axial area narrow, central area small, elliptical. Transapical striae radiate, finely punctate.</p> <p>Remarks: A slightly larger specimen with coarser striae were observed.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A rare marine tropical species. Not recorded previously from the Gulf. Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF912F6BFF61F1C8FF3DFC97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF912F6CFF61F6FCFD7CFF57.text	0392662BFF912F6CFF61F6FCFD7CFF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fallacia forcipata (Greville) Stickle & D. G. Mann	<div><p>Fallacia forcipata (Greville) Stickle &amp; D.G. Mann in Round et al. (1990: 668) (Fig. 29)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 211, pl. 33, figs 8,9; Krammer &amp; Lange Bertalot 1986, pl. 65, figs 12,13 (as Navicula forcipata Greville 1859: 83); Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 205, pl. 72, figs 2–9.</p> <p>Features: Length 34–48 μm, width 10–16 μm, striae 16–18 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear-elliptical with rounded apices. Raphe fissures straight with transapical dilated central area connected with the large hyaline lateral sterna. Transapical striae parallel at the center and radiate near the apices.</p> <p>Remarks: Striae density of F. forcipata is variable, normally it is in the range of 13–16 in 10 μm but higher densities (up to 22 in 10 μm) were reported (Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1986).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine and brackish water species. Previously reported from the</p> <p>Gulf (Hendey 1970). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF912F6CFF61F6FCFD7CFF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF962F6CFF61F42CFD3EFAD7.text	0392662BFF962F6CFF61F42CFD3EFAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caloneis elongata (Grunow) Boyer 1927	<div><p>Caloneis elongata (Grunow in Schmidt) Boyer (1927: 312) (Fig. 33)</p> <p>References: Simonsen 1974, p. 42, pl. 26, fig.5; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 164, pl. 152, fig. 10.</p> <p>Features: Length: 58–90 μm, width: 8–12 μm, striae 18–20 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear with parallel margins and rounded apices. Raphe-sternum large with straight raphe fissures. Axial area narrow, central area rounded with crescent-like markings on both sides. Transapical striae parallel throughout.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens observed bear slightly higher striae density (15–18 in 10 μm in Witkowski et al. 2000).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF962F6CFF61F42CFD3EFAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF962F6CFF61F5A0FA88F8BB.text	0392662BFF962F6CFF61F5A0FA88F8BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caloneis liber (W. Smith) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Caloneis liber (W. Smith) Cleve (1894: 54) (Fig. 34)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1951, pl. 9, fig. 8; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 166, pl. 152, fig. 9.</p> <p>Features: Length: 55–90 μm, width: 12–17 μm, striae 17–19 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear with rounded apices. Raphe fissures almost straight with expanded central pores. Axial area narrow, central area rounded. Transapical striae parallel throughout, interrupted by longitudinal lines.</p> <p>Remarks: Several specimens examined appeared slightly shorter and wider than reported in the literature. A. liber may be distinguished by the position of the longitudinal lines interrupting transapical striae, which lie in the middle distance between axial area and valve margins. Tynni (1983) presented two images under the name Caloneis cf. liber encountered in Khor Abdallah, south to Basra coral reef location but his images look more similar to C. elongata (Grunow) Boyer (1927: 312) than to this species.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine and brackish water species. Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF962F6CFF61F5A0FA88F8BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF962F6CFF61F120FCACFDE3.text	0392662BFF962F6CFF61F120FCACFDE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fallacia nummularia (Greville) D. G. Mann	<div><p>Fallacia nummularia (Greville) D.G. Mann in Round et al. (1990: 669) (Fig. 30)</p> <p>References: Hustedt 1961–66, p. 527, fig. 1566 (as Navicula nummularia Greville 1859: 249); Witkowski et al., 2000, p. 209, pl. 71, figs 10, 11.</p> <p>Features: Length 20–36 μm, width 12–20 μm, striae 14–15 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves broadly elliptical with rounded apices. Raphe fissures almost straight with transapical dilated central area connected with the narrow hyaline lateral sterna. Transapical striae parallel at the center and radiate near the apices.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A marine species most commonly found in warm waters. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF962F6CFF61F120FCACFDE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF962F6DFF61F74CFD8AFEE7.text	0392662BFF962F6DFF61F74CFD8AFEE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Progonoia musca (W. Gregory) Schrader 1974	<div><p>Progonoia musca (W. Gregory) Schrader (1974: 992) (Fig. 32)</p> <p>References: Hustedt 1935, pl. 1‒2; Hendey 1964, p. 228, pl. 29, fig. 17; Schrader 1971, pl. 1, figs 1–3, pl. 2, figs 1–4, pl. 3, figs 1, 2, 9, pl. 6, figs 7–13.</p> <p>Features: Length 46–58 μm, width 16–19 μm, striae 6–7 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves broadly lanceolate, slightly constricted at the center. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Axial area large, central area small. Transapical striae parallel at the center, strongly radiate near the apices. Areolae transapically dilated.</p> <p>Remarks: This species has been widely reported as Oestrupia musca (Gregory) Hustedt (1935: 17).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Common in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF962F6DFF61F74CFD8AFEE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF972F6DFF61F35CFD11FAB3.text	0392662BFF972F6DFF61F35CFD11FAB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploneis chersonensis (Grunow) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Diploneis chersonensis (Grunow) Cleve (1894: 91) (Fig. 36)</p> <p>References: Peragallo &amp; Peragallo1897 –1908, pl. 19, fig. 9; Hustedt 1931 –1959, fig. 1088; Hendey, 1964, p. 227, pl. 32, figs 7, 8, 1970, p. 142, pl. 5, fig. 48; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 184, pl. 86, fig. 10; Lobban et al. 2012, pl. 44, figs 1‒4.</p> <p>Features: Length 50–78 μm, width 15–30 μm, striae 9–10 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves panduriform, constricted at the center with rounded apices. Raphe fissures straight with rounded central nodule. Axial area narrow with linear longitudinal canals. Transapical striae parallel at the center, strongly radiate near the apices.</p> <p>Remarks: D. chersonensis is characterized by having a square central area bordered by four chambers on each side; the outer chambers are longer than the central ones. In the observed specimens, longer chambers are visible but the shorter ones are not but can be observed by changing focus of the microscope field.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF972F6DFF61F35CFD11FAB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF972F6DFF61F544FBD7F92B.text	0392662BFF972F6DFF61F544FBD7F92B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploneis fusca (Gregory) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Diploneis fusca (Gregory) Cleve (1894: 93) (Fig. 37)</p> <p>References: Hendey, 1964: p. 225, pl. 32, fig. 4; Ricard, 1977, pl. 4,figs 1, 2; Witkowski et al., 2000, p. 186, pl.94, fig. 16.</p> <p>Features: Length 120 μm, width 55 μm, striae 7–8 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear-elliptical with rounded apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in expanded pores. Central area apically dilated. Valve face shows narrow axial area and longitudinal canals decreasing in width toward the apices. Transapical striae parallel at the center, strongly radiate near the apices.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine littoral species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Few specimens were encountered in this study.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF972F6DFF61F544FBD7F92B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF972F6DFF61F6FCFA70F783.text	0392662BFF972F6DFF61F6FCFA70F783.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploneis gemmatula (Grunow) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Diploneis gemmatula (Grunow) Cleve (1894: 103) (Fig. 38)</p> <p>References: Hustedt 1931 –1959, p. 527, fig. 1038; Desikachary 1988, pl. 570, figs 1–6,8; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 187, pl. 91, fig. 14.</p> <p>Features: Length 90–110 μm, width 30–38 μm, striae 5 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear-elliptical, slightly constricted at the center, with rounded apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Central nodule small and transapically dilated. Axial area large, longitudinal canals linear and narrow. Transapical striae parallel at the center, radiate near the apices.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: widely distributed marine species particularly in tropical and subtropical waters, less common in temperate regions. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Kandari et al. 2009). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF972F6DFF61F6FCFA70F783	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF972F6DFF61F1C8FD37FCCB.text	0392662BFF972F6DFF61F1C8FD37FCCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploneis interrupta (Kutzing) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Diploneis cf. interrupta (Kützing) Cleve (1894: 84) (Fig. 35)</p> <p>References: Hustedt 131–1959, figs 1019a; Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1986, p. 292, pl. 112, figs 5, 6; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 188, pl. 94, figs 17–19, Pennesi et al. 2017, p. 198, figs 10–16.</p> <p>Features: Length 52–68 μm, width 18–22 μm, striae 9–12 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves panduriform, constricted at the center with rounded apices. Raphe fissures straight. Axial area broad, longitudinal canals linear, slightly convex on the outer margin. Transapical striae parallel at the center, strongly radiate near the apices.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widespread species in marine and brackish water. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF972F6DFF61F1C8FD37FCCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF952F6FFF61F08CFE4FFDE3.text	0392662BFF952F6FFF61F08CFE4FFDE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploneis nitescens (Gregory) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Diploneis nitescens (Gregory) Cleve (1894: 97) (Fig. 39)</p> <p>References: Podzorski &amp; Håkansson, 1987, pl. 21, fig.3; Desikachary 1988, pl. 566, figs 1–13; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 189, pl. 90, figs 1–3, Pl. 94, fig. 1.</p> <p>Features: Length 52–70 μm, width 18–26 μm, striae 7–9 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves elliptical to rhombic-elliptical with rounded apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in expanded pores. Central nodule square with wavy margin. Axial area large, longitudinal canals semi-lanceolate, decreasing in size toward the apices. Transapical striae radiate at the center, strongly radiate near the apices.</p> <p>Remarks: Rather similar to D. smithii (Brébisson) Cleve (1894: 96) but distinguished by having wider longitudinal canals.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: According to Hustedt (1937), D. nitescens is widely distributed species in marine coasts from Northern Europe to the Mediterranean. Previously recorded from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF952F6FFF61F08CFE4FFDE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF952F6FFF61F2B4FF3DFB0F.text	0392662BFF952F6FFF61F2B4FF3DFB0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploneis smithii (Brebisson) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Diploneis smithii (Brébisson) Cleve (1894: 96) (Fig. 40)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, pl. 32, fig. 10; Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1986, p. 291, pl. 112, figs 2–4; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 193, pl. 90, figs 7, 15, pl. 91, figs 1, 2; Lobban et al. 2012, pl. 45, figs 3–6, pl., fig. 1; Pennesi et al. 2017, p. 205, figs 32–38.</p> <p>Features: Length 42–60 μm, width 16–20 μm, striae 8–10 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves broadly elliptical with rounded apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Central nodule apically dilated. Axial area narrow, longitudinal canals linear, slightly expanded in the middle. Transapical striae parallel, becoming strongly radiate near the apices.</p> <p>Remarks: A rather variable species with several varieties described. The common feature which separate D. smithii from closely related taxa such as D. fusca (Gregory) Cleve (1894: 93) and D. nitescens (Gregory) Cleve (1894: 97) is the undivided striae, which are formed of double rows of alternating areolae (pores).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed species in all marine coasts and in inland brackish waters. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Handal 2009, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Common in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF952F6FFF61F2B4FF3DFB0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF952F6FFF61F498FCAEF9F7.text	0392662BFF952F6FFF61F498FCAEF9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diploneis weissflogii (Schmidt) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Diploneis cf. weissflogii (Schmidt) Cleve (1894: 91) (Figs 41, 42)</p> <p>References: Podzorski &amp; Håkansson, 1987, p. 61, pl. 21, figs 6, 7; Witkowski et al., 2000, pl. 92, figs 4, 5; Hein et al., 2008, pl. 27, fig. 9; Lobban et al. 2012, pl. 46, figs 5–7; Pennesi et al. 2017, p. 209, figs 58–65, 107.</p> <p>Features: Length 34–81 μm, width 12–24 μm, striae 7–9 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves panduriform with rounded apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Valve center with small nodule and three parallel transapical striae on each side. Axial area narrow, longitudinal canals linear. Transapical striae radiate.</p> <p>Remarks: Our specimens show the typical areolae and central nodule that occur in D. weissflogii, but exhibit three parallel transapical striae on each side of the central nodule which are not commonly found in this species. Most of the observed specimens appeared with one half of the valve slightly larger than the other.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed in all warm water coasts. Previously known from the Gulf (Hendy 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Common in Basra corals</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF952F6FFF61F498FCAEF9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F0CBFD8EFDCE.text	0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F0CBFD8EFDCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Navicula arenaria Donkin 1861	<div><p>Navicula arenaria Donkin (1861: 10) (Fig. 44)</p> <p>References: Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1986, p. 118, pl. 39, figs 1,2; Desikachary 1989, pl. 640, figs 13,14; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 267, pl. 116, figs 15–17, pl. 134, figs 8, 9.</p> <p>Features: Length 54–70 μm, width 9–12 μm, striae 7–8 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear lanceolate with acutely rounded apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Axial area narrow, central area transapically dilated. Transapical striae radiate at the center, parallel near the apices.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Known previously from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F0CBFD8EFDCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F25FFDDFFC26.text	0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F25FFDDFFC26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Navicula cancellata Donkin 1873	<div><p>Navicula cancellata Donkin (1873: 55) (Fig. 45)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 204, pl. 30, figs 18–20; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 271, pl. 138, figs 1–3, pl. 144, figs 1–7.</p> <p>Features: Length 50–60 μm, width 8–10 μm, striae 5–6 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves lanceolate with rounded apices. Raphe branches straight, apical endings hooked to one direction. Axial area narrow, central area asymmetrically dilated. Transapical striae slightly radiate at the center, becoming parallel near the apices.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species. Previously known from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F25FFDDFFC26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F3F7FED8FAD6.text	0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F3F7FED8FAD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Navicula carinifera Grunow	<div><p>Navicula carinifera Grunow in Schmidt et al. (1874: pl. 2, fig. 1) (Figs 46–48)</p> <p>References: Schmidt et al. 1874, pl. 2, fig. 1; Hendey 1964, pl. 31, fig.11, Stidolph et al. 2012, pl. 16, fig. 78.</p> <p>Features: Length 63–89 μm, width 24–25 μm, striae 12–18 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves broadly lanceolate with sub-rostrate apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Axial area narrow, raised below apices, central area small and transapically dilated. Transapical striae monoseriate formed by rounded areolae, slightly radiate throughout.</p> <p>Remarks: Navicula carinifera can be distinguished by the raised parts of the axial area above and below the central area towards the apices.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species. Not reported previously from the Gulf. Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F3F7FED8FAD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F5A7FC7AF8BA.text	0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F5A7FC7AF8BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Navicula cincta (Ehrenberg) Ralfs	<div><p>Navicula cf. cincta (Ehrenberg) Ralfs in Pritchard (1861: 901) (Fig. 49)</p> <p>References: Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1986, pl. 28, figs 8–15; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 272, pl. 110, figs 1–29, pl. 129, fig. 17.</p> <p>Features: Length 53–61 μm, width 10–11 μm, striae 9–10 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear lanceolate with rounded apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Axial area narrow, central area transapically dilated or irregular. Transapical striae strongly radiate in the middle, becoming convergent near the apices.</p> <p>Remarks: Large specimens of this species were observed with slightly less dense striae and central area transapically dilated than the specimens reported by Witkowski et al. (2000). Median striae are more distant and less convergent than the rest.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Navicula cincta is brackish water species prefers eutrophic conditions. Previously reported from South Iraq (Maulood et al. 2013). Rare in Basra corals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8A2F70FF61F5A7FC7AF8BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8A2F71FF61F773FB54FEE7.text	0392662BFF8A2F71FF61F773FB54FEE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Navicula directa (W. Smith) Ralfs	<div><p>Navicula directa (W. Smith) Ralfs in Pritchard (1861: 906) (Fig. 50)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, pl. 30, fig. 22; Poulin &amp; Cardinal 1982, fig. 10; Stidolph et al. 2012, pl. 12, figs 91, 92; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 275, pl. 129, fig. 1, pl. 133, figs 10–12,?13;</p> <p>Features: Length 73–90 μm, width 8–10 μm, striae 8–11 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear lanceolate with apiculate apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores, slightly deflected in the same direction. Axial area narrow, central area transapically dilated. Transapical striae parallel throughout.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A cosmopolitan marine species. Previously reported from Kuwait (Hendey 1970; Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011) and from Southern Iraq (Al-Handal 2009). Common in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8A2F71FF61F773FB54FEE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8B2F71FF61F1B0FED8FD73.text	0392662BFF8B2F71FF61F1B0FED8FD73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Navicula distans (W. Smith) A. Schmidt	<div><p>Navicula distans (W. Smith) A. Schmidt (1854: pl. 46, figs 11–14) (Fig. 51)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 203, pl. 27, fig. 13; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 275, pl. 143, figs 1–4.</p> <p>Features: Length 91–110 μm, width 18–20 μm, striae 6–7 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves lanceolate to weakly rhombic with apiculate apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Axial area narrow, central area rounded to irregular. The coarse transapical striae are slightly radiate at the center becoming parallel toward the apices.</p> <p>Remarks: A large species with strong and coarse lineolate striae.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species. Not reported previously from the Gulf. Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8B2F71FF61F1B0FED8FD73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8B2F71FF61F304FD12FB0F.text	0392662BFF8B2F71FF61F304FD12FB0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Navicula kariana var. frigida (Grunow) Cleve 1895	<div><p>Navicula kariana var. frigida (Grunow) Cleve (1895: 28) (Fig. 52)</p> <p>References: Poulin &amp; Cardinal 1982, p. 283, fig. 33; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 285, pl. 132, fig. 11–14, pl. 133, fig. 5–9.</p> <p>Features: Length 60–72 μm, width 23–24 μm, striae 11–13 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves lanceolate with sub-rostrate apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in expanded pores. Axial area narrow, central area very small, rounded. Transapical striae parallel throughout.</p> <p>Remarks: Observed specimens are slightly larger than those reported by Witkowski et al. (2000).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: This is a cold water species and has not been reported earlier from warm waters, mostly occurs in the Arctic Ocean but also found in Britain (Whitton et al. 2003) and in Canada (Mather et al. 2010). Not reported previously from the Gulf. Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8B2F71FF61F304FD12FB0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8B2F71FF61F498FC3CF99B.text	0392662BFF8B2F71FF61F498FC3CF99B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Navicula transistantioides Foged 1975	<div><p>Navicula transistantioides Foged (1975: 44) (Fig. 53)</p> <p>References: Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 310, pl. 135, figs 2–6; Foged 1975, p. 44, pl. 19, figs 10, 11.</p> <p>Features: Length 86–88 μm, width 12–14 μm, striae 11–12 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves lanceolate with apiculate apices. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Axial area very narrow, central area very small, quadrangular. The coarse transapical striae weakly radiate throughout.</p> <p>Remarks: Observed specimens showed a slightly smaller number of transapical striae.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: This species has a limited distribution, reported originally from the Indian Ocean (Foged 1975). Not reported previously from the Gulf. Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8B2F71FF61F498FC3CF99B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF892F73FF61F1ECFC4EFD73.text	0392662BFF892F73FF61F1ECFC4EFD73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachyneis antillarum (Cleve & Grunow) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Trachyneis antillarum (Cleve &amp; Grunow) Cleve (1894: 193) (Fig. 56)</p> <p>References: Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2010, p. 89, pl. 90, figs a–g; Al-Handal 2009, p. 26, fig. 190.</p> <p>Features: Length 80–126 μm, width 23–28 μm, striae 9–11 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves lanceolate to rhombic-lanceolate with rounded apices. Raphe branches straight to slightly bent, ending centrally in simple pores. Axial area narrow, asymmetrically dilated in one direction, central area large, transapically dilated. Striae appear in transverse and oblique rows.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widespread marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Simonsen 1974, Al-Handal 2009, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Common in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF892F73FF61F1ECFC4EFD73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF892F73FF61F304FC2BFB47.text	0392662BFF892F73FF61F304FC2BFB47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachyneis aspera (Ehrenberg) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Trachyneis aspera (Ehrenberg) Cleve (1894: 191) (Fig. 57)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 236, pl. 29, fig. 13; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 355, Pl. 159, figs 1–6, 9; Lobban et al. 2012, p. 293, pl. 48, figs 4–9; Stidolph et al. 2012, pl. 33, fig. 34.</p> <p>Features: Length 72–98 μm, width 18–20 μm, striae 9–10 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear lanceolate with rounded apices. Raphe branches straight, terminal endings hooked to the same direction. Axial area narrow, central area transapically dilated forming fascia widened towards the margin (staurous), terminating before valve margin. Striae appear in transverse and longitudinal rows, strongly radiate in the middle.</p> <p>Remarks: Observed specimens are slightly narrower than those reported by Witkowski et al. (2000).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Handal 2009, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Common in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF892F73FF61F304FC2BFB47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF892F73FF61F4D0FCEDF9F7.text	0392662BFF892F73FF61F4D0FCEDF9F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachyneis clepsydra (Donkin) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Trachyneis clepsydra (Donkin) Cleve (1894: 192) (Fig. 58)</p> <p>References: Donkin 1861, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 3 (as Navicula clepsydra Donkin (1861: 8)); Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 355, pl. 159, fig. 11.</p> <p>Features: Length 110–130 μm, width 20–25 μm, transapical striae 12 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear lanceolate with rounded apices. Valve face slightly depressed in the middle. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores deflected to the same direction. Axial area narrow, central area rounded to transversely dilated. Striae appear in transverse and oblique rows.</p> <p>Remarks: Observed specimens have parallel transapical striae, slightly different from those illustrated by Witkowski et al. (2000) which have slightly radiate transapical striae.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Common in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF892F73FF61F4D0FCEDF9F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF892F73FF61F680FA65F783.text	0392662BFF892F73FF61F680FA65F783.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachyneis debyi (Leuduger-Fortmorel) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Trachyneis debyi (Leuduger-Fortmorel) Cleve (1894: 193) (Fig. 59)</p> <p>References: Simonsen, 1974: p. 43, Pl. 27: 1; Pl. 28: 1; Desikachary, 1989, pl. 762, fig. 11; Al-Handal, 2009: p. 26, figs 191, 193.</p> <p>Features: Length 90–140 μm, width 19–26 μm, striae 10–12 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves narrowly lanceolate with rounded apices. Valve face strongly arched. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Axial area narrow, slightly asymmetrically dilated in one direction, central area rounded, transapically dilated, with two semi-lunate furrows on each side. Areolae are irregular in shape and arranged in transverse and oblique rows. Transapical rows parallel throughout.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widespread marine species, particularly in warm waters. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Simonsen 1974, Al-Handal 2009, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF892F73FF61F680FA65F783	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F2BDFA84FC6D.text	0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F2BDFA84FC6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Donkinia carinata (Donkin) Ralfs 1861	<div><p>Donkinia carinata (Donkin) Ralfs (1861: 921) (Fig. 61)</p> <p>References: Pritchard 1861, pl. 40; Peragallo &amp; Peragallo 1908, pl. 36, fig. 15; Hartley et al. 1996, pl. 290; Hein et al. 2008, p. 54, pl. 29, fig. 2. Kim et al. 2017, figs 5I‒P.</p> <p>Features: Length 80–120 μm; width 18–25 μm, striae fine, 22–24 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear- lanceolate with acutely rounded apices. Raphe branches sigmoid, raised as ridge upon valve margin. Central nodule small and rounded. Striae appear in equidistant oblique and transverse rows.</p> <p>Remarks: Observed specimens appeared with striae slightly denser than previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970; Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011) who observed 18–20 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A marine littoral species, mostly on muddy sediments. Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F2BDFA84FC6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F423FA4BFA00.text	0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F423FA4BFA00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurosigma diverse-striatum Meister 1935	<div><p>Pleurosigma diverse-striatum Meister (1935: 102) (Fig. 62)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1970, p. 152, pl. 6, fig. 62; Al-Handal 2009, p. 24, fig. 153; Stidolph et al. 2012, pl. 8, fig. 166.</p> <p>Features: Length 60–90 μm, width 16–20 μm, oblique striae 18–22 in 10 μm, transapical striae 16–18 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves sigmoid-lanceolate with acutely rounded apices. Raphe branches sigmoid, central, and eccentric near the apices. Axial area narrow, central nodule small and rounded. Striae appear in oblique and transverse rows. Oblique striae crossed each other at angle of 65 o.</p> <p>Remarks: Under light microscope, this species looks rather similar to Pleurosigma inflatum Shadbolt (1853: 16) but can only be separated by raphe angle which is +8–13 o in P. inflatum and +17–22 o in P. diverse-striatum.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf both from muddy and sandy sediment (Hendey 1970, Al-Handal 2009, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F423FA4BFA00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F595FD8EF8DD.text	0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F595FD8EF8DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurosigma strigosum Smith 1852	<div><p>Pleurosigma strigosum Smith (1852: 7) (Fig. 63)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 246, pl. 26, fig. 7; Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1988, p. 294, pl. 113, figs 1,2).</p> <p>Features: Length 122–138 μm, width 20–26 μm, oblique striae 18–22 in 10 μm, crossing each other by an angle of 60 o or slightly larger.</p> <p>Description: Valves elongated, sigmoid-lanceolate in shape with protracted apices. Raphe central, sigmoid, slightly eccentric towards apices. Axial area narrow, central nodule small and rounded. Striae appear in equidistant oblique and transverse row. Oblique striae crossed each other in 60 o angle.</p> <p>Remarks: very similar to P. angulatum (Quekett) W. Smith (1852: 7) but can be separated by having larger striae angles and absence of terminal perpendicular striae as well as valve margins are more smoothly curved.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F595FD8EF8DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F0B3FC82FDAA.text	0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F0B3FC82FDAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachyneis velata (Schmidt) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Trachyneis velata (Schmidt) Cleve (1894: 194) (Fig. 60)</p> <p>References: Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 356, pl. 159, figs 7, 8; Lobban et al. 2012, pl. 49, figs 1, 2.</p> <p>Features: Length 78–120 μm, width 18–23 μm, striae 13–15 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves rhombic-lanceolate with rounded apices. Valve face arched. Raphe branches straight, ending centrally in simple pores. Axial area narrow, unilateral, central area rounded, transapically dilated. Striae appear in transverse and oblique row. Transverse rows slightly radiate.</p> <p>Remarks: Distinguished from T. aspera (Ehrenberg) Cleve (1894: 191) in having a round central area not extending as fascia.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widespread marine species, particularly in warm waters. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8E2F74FF61F0B3FC82FDAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8E2F76FF61F7EDFC97FE25.text	0392662BFF8E2F76FF61F7EDFC97FE25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiotropis lepidoptera (Gregory) Kuntze 1898	<div><p>Plagiotropis lepidoptera (Gregory) Kuntze (1898: 421) (Figs 64, 65)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 256, pl. 36, figs 2,4 (as Tropidoneis lepidoptera (Gregory) Cleve 1894: 25); Paddock 1988, pl. 13, figs 1–11; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 338, pl. 174, figs 1, 2.</p> <p>Features: Length 101–126 μm, width 15–18 μm, striae 18–19 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Frustules in girdle view rectangular, constricted in the middle with distinct wings. Valves linear elliptical with apiculate apices. Raphe central, raised upon a keel and runs along the apical axis. Axial area narrow, central area small, transversely dilated. Areolae very fine and arranged in parallel transapical striae.</p> <p>Remarks: This species may reach larger sizes, Hendey (1964) reported specimens up to 280 μm long. The observed specimens were rather small but fall in the range reported previously from the Gulf.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed marine and brackish water species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1964; Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova). Rare in Basra corals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8E2F76FF61F7EDFC97FE25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8C2F76FF61F3F3FED8FAD9.text	0392662BFF8C2F76FF61F3F3FED8FAD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora acuta Gregory 1857	<div><p>Amphora acuta Gregory (1857: 524) (Fig. 67)</p> <p>References: Wachnicka &amp; Gaiser 2007, p. 410, fig. 80, Levkov 2009, pl. 80, figs 1–5.</p> <p>Features: Length 110–150 μm, width 12–18 μm, striae 14–16 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves semi-elliptical with acutely rounded apices. Dorsal margin arcuate, ventral margin straight or weakly concave. Raphe close to ventral margin. Axial area narrow, central area extends transversely in a form of fascia reaching dorsal margin. Ventral striae indistinct.</p> <p>Remarks: This species looks similar to Amphora decussata Grunow (1877:178) but valves of the later species are narrower with more concave ventral margin and denser ventral striae.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widespread marine littoral species. Not recorded previously from the Gulf. Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8C2F76FF61F3F3FED8FAD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8C2F76FF61F550FE4BF890.text	0392662BFF8C2F76FF61F550FE4BF890.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora arenaria Donkin 1858	<div><p>Amphora arenaria Donkin (1858: 31) (Fig. 68)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 268, pl. 38, figs 1–4; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 130, pl. 168, fig. 14.</p> <p>Features: Length 102–120 μm, width 14–18 μm, striae very fine, 28–30 in 1 μm on the dorsal side.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear with slightly ventrally bent rounded apices. Dorsal margin straight in the middle, becomes rounded towards apices. Ventral margin nearly straight. Raphe biarcuate, positioned in the middle of the valves, proximal endings bent ventrally. Axial area narrow, central area semi-lanceolate.</p> <p>Remarks: Several observed specimens look rather similar to A. obtusa Gregory (1857: 72), which possess almost same valve outline. Striae density may distinguish these two species where it never exceeds 20 in 10 μm in A. obtusa, mostly 10–12 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970). Common in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8C2F76FF61F550FE4BF890	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8C2F77FF61F76EFADFFEC3.text	0392662BFF8C2F77FF61F76EFADFFEC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora commutata Grunow 1880	<div><p>Amphora cf. commutata Grunow in Van Heurck (1880: pl. 1, fig. 14) (Fig. 69)</p> <p>References: Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 134, pl. 169, figs 5–7; Sato et al. 2013, p. 229, Figs 5–12.</p> <p>Features: Length 70–95 μm, width 12–16 μm, striae 6–7 in 10 μm on the dorsal side.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear lunate with ventrally bent rostrate apices. Dorsal margin weakly arched, ventral margin slightly curved. Raphe weakly arcuate, more close to ventral margin, proximal endings bent towards dorsal side. Central area absent.</p> <p>Remarks: This species looks similar to the illustration of A. commutata presented in Witkowski et al. (2000), but slightly different in striae density (9–13 versus 6–7 in 10 μm for this species). In the observed specimens striae run deeper from the dorsal towards ventral margins. The same species was reported by Al-Kandari et al. (2009, pl. 66, fig. A) as Amphora sp.2 from Kuwait coastal water.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Amphora commutata is a brackish water species. Common in Basra corals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8C2F77FF61F76EFADFFEC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8D2F77FF61F154FB10FCCB.text	0392662BFF8D2F77FF61F154FB10FCCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora cingulata Cleve 1875	<div><p>Amphora cingulata Cleve in A. Schmidt et al. (1875: pl. 25, fig. 17) (Fig. 70)</p> <p>References: A. Schmidt 1875, pl. 25, fig. 17; Peragallo and Peragallo 1897 –1908, pl. 48, fig.7, pl. 49, fig. 6.; Wachinka &amp; Gaiser 2007, p. 436, Fig. 189.</p> <p>Features: Length 50–72 μm, width 11–14 μm, striae 22–24 in 10 μm on both sides.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear with broadly rounded apices. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin straight and slightly convex in the middle. Raphe branches arched with distal endings ventrally bent, axial area very narrow, central area very small, sometimes undistinguished. Striae fine, parallel, becoming slightly radiate near the ends. Near the center, a narrow fascia reaching valve margin interrupts striae.</p> <p>Remarks: The more arcuate dorsal margin and more distinct puncta differentiate this species from the similar species Amphora ocellata Donkin (1861: 11).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: More common in tropical warm water but also recorded from temperate regions (Hendey 1974, Whitton et al. 2003). Not recorded previously from the Gulf. Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8D2F77FF61F154FB10FCCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8D2F77FF61F35CFD37FAD7.text	0392662BFF8D2F77FF61F35CFD37FAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora graeffeana Hendey 1973	<div><p>Amphora graeffeana Hendey (1973: 317) (Figs 73, 74)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1973, p. 317, figs 12–19; Schoemann &amp; Archibald, 1986, p. 15, figs 15–19; Wachinka &amp; Gaiser 2007, p. 416, fig. 108.</p> <p>Features: Length 65–90 μm, width 10–15 μm, striae 14–16 in 10 μm (dorsal).</p> <p>Description: valves dorsiventral with subacute apices. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin straight, slightly inflated in the middle. Axial area widens towards the center, central area undistinguished from the axial area. Raphe biarcuate and close to the ventral margin.</p> <p>Remarks: The illustrations presented by Witkowski et al. (2000, pl. 166, fig. 24, pl. 172, figs 6–9) for this species looks rather different from the original description. In Amphora graeffeana, central area is narrow and only slightly widened near the center while these images have a central area very wide, extending beyond central area. Striae also appear rather coarser.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widespread marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Simonsen 1974; Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8D2F77FF61F35CFD37FAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8D2F77FF61F5A0FEF7F887.text	0392662BFF8D2F77FF61F5A0FEF7F887.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora grevilleana Gregory 1857	<div><p>Amphora grevilleana Gregory (1857: 73) (Figs 75, 76)</p> <p>References: Gregory 1857, pl. 1, fig. 36; Schmidt 1875, pl. 25, fig. 41; Peragallo and Peragallo 1897 –1908, pl. 46, fig.16.</p> <p>Features: Length: 90–100 μm, width 18–24 μm, striae 12–14 in 10 μm on the dorsal side.</p> <p>Description: Valves dorsiventral with shortly protracted, ventrally bent apices. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin straight. Axial area very narrow near the apices, broadly widens in the middle third of the valve, central area absent. Raphe close to ventral margin, proximal ending bent dorsally.</p> <p>Remarks: The observed specimens match illustrations given in the literature above but slightly different in having a less convex dorsal margin. Frustules appeared larger than reported.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Not recorded previously from the Gulf. Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8D2F77FF61F5A0FEF7F887	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF8D2F79FF61F710FC92FE77.text	0392662BFF8D2F79FF61F710FC92FE77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora janischii A. Schmidt 1875	<div><p>Amphora janischii A. Schmidt in Schmidt et al. (1875: pl. 25, figs 51–53) (Figs 77, 78)</p> <p>References: A. Schmidt 1875, pl. 25, figs 51–53, 56, pl. 40, figs 30–32.</p> <p>Features:Length: 45–62 μm, width: 7–9 μm, striae 14–16 in 10 μm on dorsal side, striae on ventral side indistinguishable under LM.</p> <p>Description: valves dorsiventral, semi-elliptical to semi-lanceolate with protracted and truncate apices. Dorsal margin arched, ventral margin straight and slightly inflated in the middle. Dorsal striae interrupted in the middle by lunate hyaline area, ventral striae invisible. Axial area narrow, slightly widens ventrally at the center, central area slightly dilated ventrally. Raphe straight, proximal endings bent dorsally. Remarks; A. janischii is characterized by having an elevated lunate hyaline area on the dorsal margin opposite to the central area which may cover in some specimens one thirds of the dorsal side. This seems to be a characteristic feature that is not shared by other species of Amphora Ehrenberg ex Kützing (Kützing 1844: 107).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Amphora janischii is rarely reported in the literature and appear to have limited geographical distribution. Previously recorded from Australia (Harper et al. 2012) and from the Adriatic (Vilicic et al. 2002). Not reported previously from the Gulf. Rare in Basra corals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF8D2F79FF61F710FC92FE77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF832F79FF61F200FD79FC5B.text	0392662BFF832F79FF61F200FD79FC5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora maletractata var. constricta (Heiden) Simonsen 1992	<div><p>Amphora maletractata var. constricta (Heiden) Simonsen (1992: 72) (Figs 79, 80)</p> <p>References: Simonsen 1992, p. 71, pl. 76, figs 7–15; Witkowski et al. 2000, p.144, pl. 167, figs 12–16.</p> <p>Features: Length: 40–58 μm, width 7–10 μm, striae 18–20 in 10 μm on the dorsal side.</p> <p>Description: Valves dorsiventral, semi-elliptic with protracted capitate apices. Dorsal margin arched, slightly constricted in the middle, ventral margin straight. Dorsal striae interrupted by lanceolate hyaline area on the dorsal margin. Axial area narrow, slightly widens laterally in the center, central area small, rectangular. Raphe straight.</p> <p>Remarks: This taxon can be easily identified by the wide hyaline area separating striae bands on the dorsal margin. This variety differs from the type by having a small constriction in the dorsal margin opposite to central area.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Marine to brackish water form. Although recorded from variable geographic locations including the Arctic (Witkowski et al. 2000), this taxon was not reported to be common on marine coasts. Not recorded previously from the Gulf. Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF832F79FF61F200FD79FC5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF832F79FF61F42CFD8EFA0B.text	0392662BFF832F79FF61F42CFD8EFA0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora marina W. Smith 1857	<div><p>Amphora marina W. Smith (1857: 7) (Fig. 81)</p> <p>References: Hein et al., 2008: p. 44, fig. 19: 4; Witkowski et al., 2000, p. 144, pl. 162, figs 8–14; pl. 166, figs 9–11; Levkov, 2009: p. 80–81, Pl. 76, fig. 7.</p> <p>Features: Length 30–52 μm, width 9–11 μm, striae 18–20 in 10 μm on the dorsal margin and 16–18 in 10 μm on the ventral margin.</p> <p>Description: valves dorsiventral with obtusely rounded apices. Dorsal margin arched, ventral margin weakly concave. Axial area narrow, central area elliptic, making small fascia on both sides. Raphe arched, proximal endings bent dorsally. Dorsal striae crossed by a hyaline band.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF832F79FF61F42CFD8EFA0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF832F79FF61F59CFC38F887.text	0392662BFF832F79FF61F59CFC38F887.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora mexicana Schmidt	<div><p>Amphora mexicana Schmidt in Schmidt et al. (1875: pl. 27, figs 47, 48) (Fig.82)</p> <p>References: Desikachary 1988, pl. 426, fig. 7; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 144, pl. 169, figs 1–4.</p> <p>Features:Length 90–110 μm, width15–28 μm, striae 8–10 in 10 μm on the dorsal side, 14–16 in 10μm on the ventral side.</p> <p>Description: valves dorsiventral, semi-elliptic with rounded apices. Dorsal margin arched, ventral margin straight to slightly concave.Axial area very narrow, central area small. Raphe biarcuate, proximal endings bent dorsally. Dorsal striae coarsely punctate.</p> <p>Remarks: Specimens observed are rather smaller than those reported elsewhere and having slightly denser striae.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species but can also be found in inland water with high alkalinity. Not recorded previously form the Gulf. Frequent in Basra corals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF832F79FF61F59CFC38F887	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF832F7AFF61F710FCE6FF57.text	0392662BFF832F7AFF61F710FCE6FF57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora ocellata Donkin 1861	<div><p>Amphora ocellata Donkin (1861: 11) (Figs 83, 84)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 268, pl. 28, figs 13, 14; Levkov, 2009, p. 263, pl. 116, figs 8, 9.</p> <p>Features: Length: 90–110 μm, transapical length: 11–14 μm, striae 23–25 in 10 μm on the ventral side. Description: Valves linear with narrowly rounded, ventrally bent apices. Dorsal margin straight, weakly concave in the middle, ventral margin straight. Axial area narrow, strongly arched, central area indistinct on the ventral side, forming narrow fascia on the dorsal side. Raphe strongly arched.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970;</p> <p>Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova (2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF832F7AFF61F710FCE6FF57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF802F7AFF61F120FD11FD5F.text	0392662BFF802F7AFF61F120FD11FD5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphora spectabilis Gregory 1857	<div><p>Amphora spectabilis Gregory (1857: 516) (Fig. 89)</p> <p>References: Hendey, 1964, pl. 28, figs 8, 9; Desikachary 1988, pl. 425, figs 1,4–6; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 150, pl. 167, figs 25–27; Levkov, 2009: p. 265, Pl. 114, figs 1–5; Pl. 252, figs 1–5.</p> <p>Features: Length 60–76 μm, width 12–14 μm, striae 8–10 in 10 μm on the dorsal side, 12–14 in 10 μm on the ventral side.</p> <p>Description: Valves dorsiventral, linear to semi-elliptic with broadly rounded, ventrally bent apices. Dorsal margin weakly convex to straight, ventral margin straight. Axial area strongly arched, biarcuate, central area narrow on the dorsal side and broader on the ventral side. Raphe strongly arched with indistinct proximal pores. Dorsal striae distinct, bifurcated near the raphe, particularly at the middle.</p> <p>Remarks: Smaller valve with slightly higher striae density were observed.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF802F7AFF61F120FD11FD5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF802F7AFF61F464FF3DF99B.text	0392662BFF802F7AFF61F464FF3DF99B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halamphora coffeaeformis (Agardh) Levkov 2009	<div><p>Halamphora coffeaeformis (Agardh) Levkov (2009: 179) (Fig. 71)</p> <p>References: Levkov 2009, p. 179, pl. 91, figs 1–14, pl. 94, figs 17–27. pl. 99, figs 15–23.</p> <p>Features:Length30–56μm,width9–14μm,striae 16–18in 10μm on the ventral side,ventral striae hardly visible under LM.</p> <p>Description: valves dorsiventral, semi-lanceolate with slightly protracted rounded apices. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin weakly concave. Raphe straight, following curvature of the ventral margin, proximal endings dorsally bent. Axial area narrow, central area not differentiated from central area.</p> <p>Remarks: Striae of the observed specimens appear less dense than that reported by Witkowski et al. (2000) (17–24 in 10 μm). The species is rather variable in valve outline and about 30 varieties were described (Fourtanier &amp; Kociolek 2009).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed epipelic marine to brackish water species. Common on the mudflats of South Basra (Al-Handal 2009). Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF802F7AFF61F464FF3DF99B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF802F7AFF61F66CFEC5F7A7.text	0392662BFF802F7AFF61F66CFEC5F7A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halamphora costata (W. Smith) Levkov 2009	<div><p>Halamphora costata (W.Smith) Levkov (2009: 181) (Fig. 72)</p> <p>References: Levkov 2009, p. 181, fig. 14,</p> <p>Features: Length 65–105 μm, width 14–16 μm, striae 7–8 in 10 μm on dorsal side, 9–10 in 10 μm on ventral side, areolae coarse, 9 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves dorsiventral with protracted capitate apices, slightly ventrally bent. Dorsal margin convex, ventral margin weakly concave. Axial area narrow, central area indistinct. Raphe biarcuate, proximal endings slightly bent dorsally.</p> <p>Remarks: Observed specimens are larger than those reported in the literature where valves do not exceed 80 μm. Witkowski et al. (2000) reported valve width reaching 65 μm which is very broad although their image did not show such dimension.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species but has also been recorded as epipelic on brackish mudflats in South Iraq (Al-Handal 2009). Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Common in Basra coral.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF802F7AFF61F66CFEC5F7A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF812F7BFF61F50CFD7EF92B.text	0392662BFF812F7BFF61F50CFD7EF92B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nitzschia behrei Hustedt 1959	<div><p>Nitzschia behrei Hustedt (1959: 99) (Figs 91)</p> <p>References: Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 370, pl. 210, figs 28–32; Simonsen 1987, p. 457, pl. 683, figs 6–10; Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1988, p. 126, pl. 86, figs 1–4.</p> <p>Features: Length 181–210 μm, width (middle) 5–6 μm, fibulae 5–6 in 10 μm, striae very fine, hardly visible under LM.</p> <p>Description: Valves slender, linear lanceolate with long rostrate to capitate apices. Fibulae broader in the middle and equally spaced.</p> <p>Remarks: The long, rostrate and produced apices as well as the distinct coarse fibulae characterize this species.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed species. Previously reported in the plankton of Kuwait coasts (Al-Kandari et al. 2009). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF812F7BFF61F50CFD7EF92B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF812F7BFF61F6FCFE01F86F.text	0392662BFF812F7BFF61F6FCFE01F86F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nitzschia distans Gregory 1857	<div><p>Nitzschia distans Gregory (1857: 530) (Fig. 92)</p> <p>References: Ricard 1987, figs 1069–1072; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 378, pl. 203, figs 7–9.</p> <p>Features: Length 78–110 μm, width 7–8 μm, fibulae irregular, 2–3 in 10 μm, striae 30 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear lanceolate with acutely rounded apices. In girdle view, frustules appear with inflated ends. Raphe central, fibulae coarse, unevenly spaced.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF812F7BFF61F6FCFE01F86F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF812F7BFF61F08CFD8EFDE3.text	0392662BFF812F7BFF61F08CFD8EFDE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramphora ostrearia (Brebisson) Mereschkowsky 1903	<div><p>Tetramphora ostrearia (Brébisson) Mereschkowsky (1903: 54) (Figs 85, 86)</p> <p>References: Podzorski &amp; Håkansson, 1987, Pl. 16, figs 1, 2; Witkowski et al., 2000, p. 146, pl. 170, fig. 23; Hein et al., 2008, pl. 21, figs 2, 7; pl. 22, fig. 1. (All as Amphora ostrearia Brébisson ex Kützing 1849: 94).</p> <p>Features: Length 40–58 μm, width 8–10 μm, striae 14–16 in 10 μm on the dorsal side, 18–20 on the ventral side.</p> <p>Description: valves dorsiventral, semi-eliptic with acutely rounded apices. Dorsal margin arched, ventral margin straight. Axial area narrow, central area expands towards dorsal margin forming narrow fascia. Raphe biarcuate, proximal endings bent dorsally. Striae on dorsal side distinctly punctate.</p> <p>Remarks: Observed specimens appeared rather smaller with slightly denser striae than those reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011) or elsewhere (Witkowski et al. 2000). Several varieties of Amphora ostrearia have been described based on the number of striae bands on the ventral margin and the shape or structure of the stauros.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF812F7BFF61F08CFD8EFDE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF812F7BFF61F2B4FD11FB0F.text	0392662BFF812F7BFF61F2B4FD11FB0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tetramphora rhombica (Kitton 1876) Stepanek & Kociolek 2016	<div><p>Tetramphora rhombica (Kitton) Stepanek &amp; Kociolek (2016: 138) (Figs 87, 88)</p> <p>References: Schmidt et al. 1876, pl. 40, fig. 39; Peragallo and Peragallo 1897 –1908, pl. 50, fig. 4; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 149, pl. 168, figs 12–13 all as Amphora rhombica Kitton in Schmidt et al. (1876: pl. 40, fig. 39).</p> <p>Features: Length 105–140 μm, width 13–18 μm, striae 24–26 in 10 μm on the dorsal side, 28 in 10 μm on the ventral side.</p> <p>Description: valves dorsiventral, elongated semi-elliptic to lanceolate with acutely rounded, ventrally bent apices. Dorsal margin arched, ventral margin straight to weakly arcuate.Axial area narrow, central area small, round to elliptic. Raphe weakly biarcuate, proximal endings bent dorsally.</p> <p>Remarks: Observed specimens possess higher striae density than reported elsewhere, also valves appeared more linear lanceolate and narrower with slightly bent apices. Valve outline may look similar to Amphora rhombica var. intermedia Cleve (1895: 127) but striae are much denser than this variety.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Handal 2009, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF812F7BFF61F2B4FD11FB0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF862F7CFF61F0B3FCD3FE76.text	0392662BFF862F7CFF61F0B3FCD3FE76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nitzschia fluminensis Grunow 1862	<div><p>Nitzschia fluminensis Grunow (1862: 581) (Fig. 93)</p> <p>References: Lange-Bertalot &amp; Krammer 1987, p. 18, pl. 12, figs 6–9; Hein et al., 2008: p. 84, fig. 58: 12; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 381, pl. 202, figs 6–9.</p> <p>Features: Length 95 μm, width 10 μm, striae 16 in 10 μm, fibulae unevenly spaced, 6–7 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves lanceolate with produced apices. Raphe central, fibulae unevenly spaced, moderately long, prolonged into transapical short ribs.</p> <p>Remarks: Easily distinguished by its produced apices, coarse striae and the shape of fibulae.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Marine epipelic species, widely distributed in warm waters. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF862F7CFF61F0B3FCD3FE76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF862F7CFF61F207FD11FCEE.text	0392662BFF862F7CFF61F207FD11FCEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nitzschia lorenziana Grunow 1879	<div><p>Nitzschia lorenziana Grunow in Cleve &amp; Möller (1879: 208) (Fig. 94)</p> <p>References: Krammer &amp; Large-Bertalot 1988, p. 125, pl. 86, figs 6–10; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 392, pl. 210, figs 24, 25, pl. 211, fig. 3, pl. 212, figs 1–3.</p> <p>Features: Length 90–123 μm, width 4–5 μm, fibulae 7–9 in μm 10, striae 16–18 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear lanceolate, sigmoid with long rostrate apices. Raphe eccentric, fibulae unevenly spaced, the two centric fibulae are more spaced.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widespread brackish water species. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF862F7CFF61F207FD11FCEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF862F7CFF61F3BFFAFFFAD6.text	0392662BFF862F7CFF61F3BFFAFFFAD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nitzschia sigma (Kutzing) W. Smith 1853	<div><p>Nitzschia sigma (Kützing) W. Smith (1853: 39) (Fig. 95)</p> <p>References: Krammer &amp; Large-Bertalot 1988, p. 32, pl. 23, figs 1–9; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 404, pl. 206, figs 1–10; Hein et al. 2008, pl. 60, fig. 3.</p> <p>Features: Length 90–130 μm, width 6–12 μm, fibulae 8–12 in 10 μm, striae 22–28 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: valves linear to linear lanceolate, slightly sigmoid, with curving acute apices. Raphe eccentric, fibulae small, equally spaced.</p> <p>Remarks: Several varieties of N. sigma were described based on striae density and whether valves (in valve view) are sigmoid or straight. It is sometimes difficult to identify these varieties and some of them might belong to a different species, which requires further investigation of this complex using SEM diagnosis or molecular data. Striae density is rather variable and in some specimens, these are hardly counted under light microscope.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed species in marine and brackish water habitats. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011, Al-Handal 2011). Common in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF862F7CFF61F3BFFAFFFAD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF862F7CFF61F687FAC9F7A6.text	0392662BFF862F7CFF61F687FAC9F7A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Psammodictyon panduriforme (W. Gregory) D. G. Mann	<div><p>Psammodictyon panduriforme (W. Gregory) D.G. Mann (in Round et al. 1990: 676) (Fig. 97)</p> <p>References: Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 397, pl. 184, figs 13, 14, pl. 186, figs 1–3; Lobban et al. 2012, p. 304, pl. 62, figs 3,4. As Nitzschia panduriformis Gregory (1857: 529)</p> <p>Features: Length 90–110 μm, width 22–30 μm, fibulae 7–9 in 10 μm, striae 14–16 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: valves linear elliptic, constricted in the middle, with broadly cuneate apices. Raphe eccentric, fibulae evenly spaced. Valve face with longitudinal, hyaline, laterally spaced fold which interrupt transapical striae.</p> <p>Remarks: This species is characterized by having an undulating valve surface and a hyaline strip void of puncta, normally more close to the keel margin.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Previously reported from various parts of the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Simonsen 1974, Al-Handal 2009, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF862F7CFF61F687FAC9F7A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF842F7EFF61F5FFFC2CF8BA.text	0392662BFF842F7EFF61F5FFFC2CF8BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphiprora sulcata O'Meara 1871	<div><p>Amphiprora sulcata O’Meara (1871: 22). (Fig. 101)</p> <p>References: Peragallo &amp; Peragallo, 1897 –1908, pl. 38, figs 1–5; Al-Yamani &amp; Subarova 2011, pl. 157, pl. 168, figs a–h.</p> <p>Features: Length 120–140 μm, width 16–24 μm, striae 11–12 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Frustules rectangular, constricted in the middle with biarcuate sides. Transapical striae curved in the middle, becoming parallel towards apices. Puncta on the wings arranged in decussating rows.</p> <p>Remarks: This species can be recognized from other taxa of the genus by the coarse puncta on valve wings, which are arranged in obliquely decussating rows.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A marine species widely distributed in warm waters. Previously reported from the Gulf (Simonsen 1974, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF842F7EFF61F5FFFC2CF8BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF842F7EFF61F0B3FE1EFE76.text	0392662BFF842F7EFF61F0B3FE1EFE76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tryblionella coarctata (Grunow) D. G. Mann	<div><p>Tryblionella coarctata (Grunow) D.G. Mann (in Round et al. 1990: 678) (Fig. 98)</p> <p>References: Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1988, p. 50, pl. 38, figs 13–15A; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 374, pl. 183, fig.?13; pl. 186, figs 4–13; as Nitzschia coarctata Grunow (1880: 68).</p> <p>Features: Length 30–56 μm, width 9.5–14 μm, striae 10–12 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear elliptic with constricted sided and broadly cuneate to sub-apiculate apex. Raphe eccentric, fibulae small, evenly spaced. Transapical striae distinctly punctate, interrupted by longitudinal fold.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widespread marine to brackish water species, also found in freshwater. Previously reported in the plankton of Kuwait coasts (Al-Kandari et al. 2009) and from the Shatt Al-Arab estuary (Al-Handal 2009). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF842F7EFF61F0B3FE1EFE76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF842F7EFF61F207FC6FFC02.text	0392662BFF842F7EFF61F207FC6FFC02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tryblionella didyma (Hustedt) D. G. Mann	<div><p>Tryblionella didyma (Hustedt) D.G. Mann (in Round et al. 1990: 678) (Fig. 99)</p> <p>References: Hustedt 1952, fig. 20; Liu et Chin 1980, fig. E. as Nitzschia didyma Hustedt (1952: 309)</p> <p>Features: Length 60–73 μm, width 14–16 μm, fibulae 14–16 in 10 μm, striae 26–28 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves linear elliptic with shallowly constricted sides and broadly cuneate apices. Raphe eccentric, fibulae distinct, rectangular. Transapical striae interrupted by distinct, slightly lateral and elevated rib.</p> <p>Remarks: Witkowski et al. (2000, figs 185: 1, 186: 14, 15) illustrated N. didyma but did not provide any description. Our specimens match those illustrations.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Limited distribution, found in Taiwan (Fujian Coast, Liu et Chin 1980) and China (Liu 2008). Not recorded previously from the Gulf. Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF842F7EFF61F207FC6FFC02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF842F7EFF61F39BFF3DFAB2.text	0392662BFF842F7EFF61F39BFF3DFAB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tryblionella nicobarica (Grunow) D. G. Mann	<div><p>Tryblionella nicobarica (Grunow) D.G.Mann (in Round et al. 1990: 678) (Fig. 100)</p> <p>References: Lange-Bertalot &amp; Krammer 1987, p. 16, pl. 16, fig. 7; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 395, pl. 189, fig. 12 as Nitzschia nicobarica Grunow (1880: fig. 4).</p> <p>Features: Length 85–110 μm, width 27–48 μm, fibulae unevenly spaced, 3–4 in 10 μm, striae 22–25 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: valves linear elliptic with weakly constricted sides and rounded apices. Raphe eccentric, fibulae large, unevenly spaced, the median two are larger and ovoid in shape. Transapical striae interrupted by longitudinal folds, mostly two.</p> <p>Remarks: This species might exceed 200 μm in length but the observed specimens appeared smaller.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A common warm water species. Not reported previously from the Gulf. Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF842F7EFF61F39BFF3DFAB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFF842F40FF61F78BFD0AFEC3.text	0392662BFF842F40FF61F78BFD0AFEC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auricula intermedia (Lewis) Cleve 1894	<div><p>Auricula intermedia (Lewis) Cleve (1894: 21) (Fig. 102)</p> <p>References: Peragallo &amp; Peragallo, 1897 –1908, pl. 42, figs12, 13; Podzorski &amp; Håkansson, 1987, pl. 40, fig. 7.</p> <p>Features: Length: 60 μm, width 15 μm, fibulae 8–10 in 10 μm, striae 16–17 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Frustules rectangular, constricted in the middle with rounded corners. Valves with deeply arcuate dorsal margin and straight ventral margin. Raphe eccentric, fibulae small. Transapical striae parallel in the middle and curved near apices.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Marine species, more common in warm water. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova, 2011). Very rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFF842F40FF61F78BFD0AFEC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F1ECFC3FFC03.text	0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F1ECFC3FFC03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campylodiscus bicostatus W. Smith	<div><p>Campylodiscus bicostatus W. Smith (in Roper1854: 75) (Fig. 103)</p> <p>References: Schmidt et al. 1875, pl. 54, figs 4, 5; Hustedt 1930, fig. 874 (as C. clypeus var. bicostata Husted); Krammer &amp; Lange-Bertalot 1988, p. 215, pl. 178, figs 1–6.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 18–26 μm, ribs 3 in 10 μm, inner transapical striae 9–10 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves nearly circular with round corners. Median part of the valve subquadrangular with round angles and two rows of striae separated by longitudinal hyaline area.</p> <p>Remarks: Campylodiscus bicostatus may appear similar to smaller forms of C. fastuosus Ehrenberg (1845: 361) (see illustration by Hendey 1951, pl. 17, figs 1–6), but can be differentiated in that the inner ends of the ribs which extend from valve margin towards the center is not produced but broad and flat, as well as the two rows of transapical striae on both sides of the central area are not reaching valve upper margins.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Campylodiscus bicostatus is a freshwater species (Kociolek 2005) but also found in coastal water. Not recorded previously from the Gulf. Rare in Basra corals.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F1ECFC3FFC03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F394FDF4FA9F.text	0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F394FDF4FA9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campylodiscus crebrecostatus Greville 1863	<div><p>Campylodiscus crebrecostatus Greville (1863: 11) (Fig. 104)</p> <p>References: Greville 1863, pl. 1, fig. 6; Crosby and Wood 1958, pl. 9, fig. 132; Desikachary 1988, pl. 482, fig. 2.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 40–60 μm, transapical costae 8 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves suborbicular with round corners. Marginal costae occupy one third of the valve face. Median part rectangular with round corners and costae appear as extensions of the marginal ones. Axial rea narrow and shorter than the median area.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: This species was originally reported from Australia and seem to be more distributed in the southern Hemisphere. Known from the Red Sea (Desikachary 1988) and China (Liu 2008). Not reported previously from the Gulf. Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F394FDF4FA9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F568FCC4F9D3.text	0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F568FCC4F9D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campylodiscus daemelianus Grunow	<div><p>Campylodiscus daemelianus Grunow in Schmidt (1874: 54:1,2) (Fig. 105)</p> <p>References: Schmidt 1877, pl. 54, fig. 1, 2; Desikachary 1988, pl. 483, figs 3, 5, 6, pl. 484, figs 1, 2, 4, 5.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 80–120 μm, marginal costae 4–5 in 10 μm, inner puncta 6–7 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves suborbicular and curved. Costae extends to nearly halve distance to valve center and composed of two striae of irregular areolae. Central area large with rows of irregularly spaces areolae.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widely distributed brackish and marine species, particularly in warm waters. Not reported previously from the Gulf. Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F568FCC4F9D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F6A4FEF7F783.text	0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F6A4FEF7F783.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campylodiscus decorus Brebisson 1854	<div><p>Campylodiscus decorus Brébisson (1854: 251) (Fig. 106)</p> <p>References: Desikachary 1988, pl. 482, figs 6, 12; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 412, pl. 214, fig. 15.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 90–120 μm, costae 2–3 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves nearly circular slightly bent. Costae covers most of valve face leaving a narrow axial area which reach valve margins. Valve face with short spines.</p> <p>Remarks: Characterized by long uninterrupted costae extending from valve margin to the axial area, which is linear and narrow, with short spines in between. Based on molecular analysis, this species has been transferred to the genus Coronia Ehrenberg (1840: 59) to become Coronia decora (Brébisson) Ruck &amp; Guiry (2016: 2).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A wide spread marine species. Not reported previously from the Gulf. Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFFBA2F40FF61F6A4FEF7F783	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F0B3FEF7FE52.text	0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F0B3FEF7FE52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campylodiscus imperialis Greville 1860	<div><p>Campylodiscus imperialis Greville (1860: 30) (Fig. 107)</p> <p>References: Schmidt et al. 1875, pl. 53, figs 5, 7; Desikachary 1988, pl. 482, figs 1–3.</p> <p>Features: Diameter 50–70 μm, costae 4–5 in 10 μm, internal transapical striae 10–11 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves orbicular and strongly bent. Marginal costae extends to one third of valve face. Median part orbicular with fine radiating striae. Axial area very narrow.</p> <p>Remarks: The internal punctate transapical striae may appear in lines or separate puncta when changing focus.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: Widely distributed marine species. Not reported previously from the Gulf. Rare in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F0B3FEF7FE52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F22BFD8EFCCA.text	0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F22BFD8EFCCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campylodiscus neofastuosus Ruck, Nakov, Alverson & Theriot 2016	<div><p>Campylodiscus neofastuosus Ruck, Nakov, Alverson &amp; Theriot (2016: 3) (Fig. 110)</p> <p>References: Giffen 1967, fig. 121–123; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 416, pl. 215, figs 4–6; Lobban et al. 2012, pl. 68, figs 4–6, pl. 69, figs 1, 2. as Surirella scalaris Giffen (1967: 286)</p> <p>Features: Length 22–34 μm, width 20–24 μm, striae around central area 24–28 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves small, ovate with broadly rounded apices. Two parallel and striated ridges run along the apical axis, bordering narrow central area.</p> <p>Distribution: A marine species seems to prefer warm water. Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F22BFD8EFCCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F343FAFCFB7A.text	0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F343FAFCFB7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petrodictyon gemma (Ehrenberg) D. G. Mann	<div><p>Petrodictyon gemma (Ehrenberg) D.G. Mann in Round et al. (1990: 674) (Fig. 108)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 288, pl. 50, fig. 5, pl. 52, fig. 4; Krammer &amp; Large-Bertalot 1988, p. 191, pl. 140, figs 1–3 (both as Surirella gemma (Ehrenberg) Kützing (1844: 62); Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 413, pl. 216, figs 8, 9.</p> <p>Features: Length 70–92 μm, width 30–48 μm, striae 20–24 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves ovate to linear ovate with weakly convex margins. Fibulae connected to radiating transapical costae, which end in a very narrow axial area.</p> <p>Remarks: Both P. gemma and P. patrimonii Sterrenburg (2001: 109) appear similar in valve outline and structure but areolae of the former species can be resolved under light microscope while it is invisible in the later (Sterrenburg 2001).</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widespread species both in marine and brackish water habitats. Previously reported from the Gulf (Hendey 1970, Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011, Al-Handal 2009). Common in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F343FAFCFB7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F533FE4FF962.text	0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F533FE4FF962.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Surirella fastuosa (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg 1843	<div><p>Surirella fastuosa (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg (1843: 388) (Fig. 109)</p> <p>References: Hendey 1964, p. 288, pl. 40, fig. 4; Witkowski et al. 2000, p. 414, pl. 215, figs 1–3, pl. 216, fig.?4¸ Stidolph et al. 2012, pl. 6, figs 122–126.</p> <p>Features: Length 68–110 μm, width 38–55 μm, marginal alae 2 in 10 μm.</p> <p>Description: Valves broadly ovate. Costae well-spaced, 1–2 in 10 μm, narrowed towards valve center. Central area lanceolate. Striae very fine and confined to marginal area.</p> <p>Remarks: Valve outline is rather variable in this species; central area may take different shapes and structure. The image given by Hendey (1970, pl. 5, fig. 45) from coastal water of Kuwait as S. recedens A.Schmidt (1875: 19) is rather similar to S. fastuosa.</p> <p>Ecology and Distribution: A widespread marine species, but can also be found in brackish water as in Shatt Al-Arab estuary, Southern Iraq (Al-Handal 2009). Previously reported from the Gulf (Al-Yamani &amp; Saburova 2011). Frequent in Basra corals.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392662BFFBB2F41FF61F533FE4FF962	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Al-Handal, Adil Y.;Thomas, Evan W.;Pennesi, Chiara	Al-Handal, Adil Y., Thomas, Evan W., Pennesi, Chiara (2018): Marine benthic diatoms in the newly discovered coral reefs, off Basra coast, Southern Iraq. Phytotaxa 372 (2): 111-152, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.372.2.1
