taxonID	type	description	language	source
039287A2FFC5FFFC96DE7E241B9CFED6.taxon	type_taxon	Type: — Trichanthecium parvifolium (Lam.) Zuloaga & Morrone	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFC5FFFC96DE7E241B9CFED6.taxon	description	Annuals or perennials, with culms decumbent and rooting at the lower nodes, to erect and cespitose; internodes hollow. Ligules membranous, shortly laciniate at the apex. Blades filiform to ovate-lanceolate, flat or inrolled. Inflorescence an open panicle, with first-order branches alternate and divergent; spikelets solitary on long pedicels. Spikelets dorsally compressed, 2 - flowered, disarticulating below the glumes; lower glume (1 / 4 –) 1 / 2 or as long as the spikelet, nerveless to (1 –) 3 - nerved, with or without a long mucronate tip, stipe conspicuous or not between the lower and upper glume; upper glume 3 – 5 (– 7) - nerved; lower lemma subequal to the lower lemma, 5 (– 7) - nerved; lower palea reduced to as long as the lower lemma, hyaline; lower flower staminate or neuter; upper anthecium indurate, muticous, usually pale, covered with bicellular microhairs, occasionally glabrous, and simple papillae evenly distributed all over its surface or absent; occasionally with long macrohairs, smooth; upper lemma 5 - nerved. Caryopsis with a punctiform to elliptic hilum; embryo less than 1 / 2 the length of the caryopsis. Chromosome number: x = 9.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFC5FFFC96DE7E241B9CFED6.taxon	discussion	A genus with 52 species, distributed in America, continental Africa, and Madagascar (Zuloaga et al. 2011).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFC96DE781E1F0EF954.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype [designated as “ holotype ” by A. P. M. van der Zon (1992: 220)]: — CAMEROON. “ Hab. Cameroon Mountains ”, December 1882, G. Mann 2100, K [00182374] image!, isolectotype SI!).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFC96DE781E1F0EF954.taxon	description	Perennial, not tufted; culms slender, 20 – 30 (– 50) cm long, decumbent, rooting and branching at the lower nodes, then erect; internodes cylindrical, hollow, glabrous, 3 – 10 cm long, longer than the sheaths; nodes dark, compressed, glabrous. Sheaths striate, 3 – 6 cm long, glabrous, the upper margins ciliate. Ligule membranous, laciniate at the apex, pale, 0.5 mm long, with long hairs beneath at the base of the blade. Blades ovate-lanceolate, 2 – 8 × 0.4 – 1.8 cm, flat, asymmetric, with cross veins, subcordate to cordate at base, acuminate, sparsely to densely pilose, with tuberculate hairs, to glabrous, the margins scaberulous, the basal ones ciliate. Inflorescence a terminal, open to contracted, long exserted panicle, 6 – 10 (– 14) × 2 – 6 cm; peduncle cylindrical, 12 – 22 cm long, glabrous; pulvini glabrous; first-order branches alternate, divergent, glabrous, spikelets solitary and appressed on the upper portion of first-order branches, pedicels flexuous, 1 – 4 mm long, claviform, glabrous. Spikelets ellipsoid, 2.1 – 2.6 × 1 – 1.1 mm, greenish; lower glume long ovate, 1 – 1.8 mm long, 1 / 2 or more the length of the spikelet, 1 – 3 (– 5) - nerved, membranous, pilose; upper glume as long as the spikelet, membranous, 5 – 7 - nerved, acute, with long whitish hairs 3 – 4 mm long toward the apex; lower lemma glumiform, 2 mm long, 5 – 7 - nerved, acute, with long whitish hairs toward the apex or glabrous; lower palea elliptic, hyaline, 1 – 1.7 × 0.9 mm or absent; lower flower neuter. Upper anthecium ellipsoid, 1.7 – 2 × 0.7 – 1 mm, pale, chestnut at maturity, indurate, smooth and shiny, upper lemma 5 - nerved, with bicellular microhairs toward the apex. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFC96DE781E1F0EF954.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — West tropical Africa, where it is present in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea (Bioko); it grows in montane forest shade, at 2000 – 3000 m elevation.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFC96DE781E1F0EF954.taxon	biology_ecology	Chromosome number: — 2 n = 32 (Morton 1993).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFC96DE781E1F0EF954.taxon	discussion	Typification: — When describing Panicum acrotrichum, Hooker f. (1864) did not indicate where the type specimen collected by Mann was deposited, nor did he provide its collecting number. Van der Zon (1992) designated the specimen K 00182374 as the holotype of the species; this is a well-preserved specimen that agrees with the protologue of the species. Notes: — This species is distinguished, from other species of the genus, by the presence of long whitish hairs at the apex of the upper glume.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFC96DE781E1F0EF954.taxon	conservation	Trichanthecium acrotrichum was classified, as P. acrotrichum, as Vulnerable (A 2 c) according to Cheek & Lovell (2021) (https: // www. iucnredlist. org /).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFC96DE781E1F0EF954.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens examined: — CAMEROON. Buea, January 1929, Maitland 344 (K, US); Mann´s Spring, between Lu and Ukile, 30 March 1948, Brenan 9533 (BR, K, P, US); Tchabal Mbabo: Hama Aoudi, 3 November 1967, Jacques-Félix 9026 (P); Piste de Verkovi au Mont Oku, 15 km SW de Kumbo, 8 December 1974, Letouzey 13459 (P); Bamenda Division, 22 May 1959, Hepper 2028 (K, P); Douala et Mts. Bamboutos, 21 November 1965, Meurillon 58 (BR, P); au NW de Nabemo, route Meigan-Baibokoum, 15 October 1963, Letouzey 6176 (P). EQUATORIAL GUINEA. Bioco, El Pico, 10 December 1951, Boughay 119 (K, P), ibidem, Boughay 129 (SI, US), ibidem, Boughay 134 (K); Bioco, carretera del Pico Basilé, km 18 – 19, 2470 m, 1 November 1988, de Carvalho 3676, 3757 (BR, US).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFD96DE7F921B38FA71.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (here designated): — SOUTH AFRICA. Cape Province, “ In graminosis inter Morley et Omtata alt. 1000 – 2000 ”, J. F. Drege 4290 (P [00442137!]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFD96DE7F921B38FA71.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (here designated): — SOUTH AFRICA. Coastal Region: Albany Div.: Coldspring near Grahamstown, H. G. Flanagan 766 (K [000255485!]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFD96DE7F921B38FA71.taxon	description	Annual or short-lived, not tufted perennial; culms slender, 15 – 60 (– 90) cm long, scrambling, decumbent and rooting at the lower nodes, then ascending; internodes cylindrical, 3 – 8 cm long; nodes compressed, dark, glabrous. Sheaths striate, 3 – 7 cm long, longer or shorter than the internodes, densely hirsute, the upper margins long ciliate. Ligule membranous, 0.5 mm long, brownish, with long hairs up to 5 mm long behind the ligule and at the base of the blade. Blades narrowly lanceolate, 3 – 11 (– 20) × 0.3 – 0.9 (– 1.1) cm, narrowed at the base, flat, herbaceous glabrous to densely hirsute, acute or acuminate, narrowed into a short pseudopetiole, pseudopetiole shortly pilose, the margins ciliate. Inflorescence a terminal exserted panicle, broadly ovate, 4 – 15 (– 20) × 4 – 15 cm; peduncle cylindrical, 6 – 20 cm long, pilose; first-order branches alternate or subopposite, hirsute, spikelets solitary on first- and second-order branches, pedicels 2 – 5 mm long, flexuous, pilose. Spikelets narrowly ovoid, 2.5 – 3 × 1 mm, dark brown at maturity; lower glume ovate, almost as long as the spikelet, 3 (– 5) - nerved, acute, pubescent, upper glume ovate, 7 - nerved, acute, pubescent; lower lemma 5 - nerved, membranous, acute, pubescent, lower palea elliptic, 2.4 – 2.6 × 0.6 mm, hyaline, glabrous, to reduced; lower flower staminate to neuter. Upper anthecium ovoid, 2.3 – 2.8 × 1 mm, pale, indurate, shiny, smooth and glabrous. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFD96DE7F921B38FA71.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Species widely distributed from Ethiopia to South Africa, where it is found in shade of forest margins, rocky slopes or grassland on clay or sandy soils; at 200 – 2600 m elevation.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFD96DE7F921B38FA71.taxon	biology_ecology	Chromosome number: — n = 18 (Spies et al. 1991).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFD96DE7F921B38FA71.taxon	discussion	Typification: — When describing Panicum aequinerve, Nees mentioned two collections made by Drege in South Africa, of which P 00442137 is here selected as the lectotype since it agrees with the protologue of the species and includes a full specimen. Another syntype of P. aequinerve is: “ Graminibus altis immixtum inter Omsamculo et catarractas maiores pari altitudine ... ”, J. F. Drège s. n. (HAL [0082518] image!, P [00442136] image!). Stapf (1920) cited three South African syntypes in his description of P. perlaxum; of these, Flanagan 766, K 000255485, is here designated as the lectotype. Another syntypes of this species are: South Africa. Eastern Region: Tembuland; near Morley, 1000 – 2000 ft, J. F. Drège s. n. (K 000255484!). Natal: coastland, Sutherland s. n. (K 000255847!). Note: — Brown (1977) reported that this is a non-Kranz species with a ₰ 13 C value of – 26.7.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCBFFFD96DE7F921B38FA71.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens examined: — BURUNDI. Bujumbura: Karinzi, route Gakara-Bujumbura, 8 June 1979, Ndabaneze 706 (BR, K); Muberure, 11 May 1985, Ndabaneze 1795 (BR). ETHIOPIA. Kaffa. Mount Maigudo, ca. 40 km from Jimma-Addis Adeba road on Omo-Nadda track, Friis et al. 1443 (K); Jimma, Stewwen 172 (K). MALAWI. Mlanje Mountains, Lichenya Plateau, 8 June 1962, Robinson 5310 (K). RWANDA. Route Gitarama-Ruhengeri, 13 km de Gitarama, 21 May 1970, Bouxin & Radoux 2145 (BR). SOUTH AFRICA. Cape. Cap de Bonne Espérance, Drége s. n. (P 002250417); Fort Beaufort, Fort Fordyce, Story 2109 (K). Natal. Nkandhla, Gudeni Forest Reserve, 19 February 1940, Fisher 13 (K, US); District Babanango, 17 km SSW of Mahlabatini, 14 January 1948, Acoks 13969 (BR); 33 km S of Nqutu along road o Kranskop, 23 February 1974, Davidse 6858 A (MO); Mkambati Nature Reserve, near mouth of Mkambati River, 10 December 1986, Smook 6052 (US); 42 km from Underberg on road to Nottingham Rd., 16 January 1980, Smook 1674 (US); 10 km from Louwsburg on road to Pongola Grassland, 9 January 1980, Smook 1568 (US); Ngome Forest, 8 January 1980, Smook 1550 (US); Van Reenens Pass, January 1980, Smook 1216 (K). Transvaal. Near summit of Wolkberg propei, SE of Haenetsburg, Meeuse 9902 (K); 1 km E of Steilkop, New Agatha Forest Reserve, Muller & Scheepers 30 (K). UGANDA. Bwanda Pass, Toro, Thomas 1416 (K).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCAFFFF96DE7CF61AF1FBCD.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (here designated): — KENYA. Aberdare forests, E. Batiscombe 685 (K [000282433!], isolectotype K [000282434!]). Fig. 4	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCAFFFF96DE7CF61AF1FBCD.taxon	description	Perennial, not tufted; culms slender, (15 –) 20 – 90 (– 130) cm long, rooting and branching from lower nodes, then erect; internodes cylindrical, 2 – 14 cm long, longer than sheaths, hollow, glabrous; nodes brownish, compressed, glabrous. Sheaths striate, 2 – 12 cm long, densely hispid to glabrous, the upper margins ciliate. Ligule membranous, 0.5 mm long; collar pilose. Blades ovate-lanceolate, 4 – 13 × 0.5 – 2 cm, herbaceous densely hirsute to glabrous, the base cordate, amplexicaul, acuminate, the margins shortly ciliate. Inflorescence a terminal exserted, lax and open panicle, (8 –) 13 – 19 (– 25) × 12 – 20 cm; peduncle cylindrical, 10 – 20 cm long, glabrous, pulvini glabrous; first-order branches alternate to subopposite, axis of the branches glabrous, spikelets sparsely distributed on second-order branches, pedicels 2 – 5 mm long, claviform, glabrous. Spikelets narrowly ellipsoid, 2 – 2.6 × 0.8 – 0.9 mm, tinged with purple; lower glume 1 – 1.4 mm long, 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 the length of the spikelet, 1 – 3 - nerved, acute, membranous, glabrous; upper glume (5 –) 7 - nerved, membranous, acute, glabrous; lower lemma glumiform, (5 –) 7 - nerved, acute, glabrous; lower palea absent, lower flower neuter. Upper anthecium ovoid, 1.7 – 1.9 × 0.7 – 0.8 mm, indurate, glabrous, smooth, shiny. Caryopsis ellipsoid, 1.5 × 0.6 mm; hilum punctiform, embryo less than 1 / 3 the length of the caryopsis.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCAFFFF96DE7CF61AF1FBCD.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Species widely distributed in West and East tropical Africa. It grows in forest shades and forest margins, at 1000 – 2900 m elevation.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCAFFFF96DE7CF61AF1FBCD.taxon	discussion	Typification: — Stapf (1920) included four syntypes, from Kenya and Uganda, in his diagnosis of P. calvum. We choose Batiscombe 685 (K 000282433), as the lectotype, since it includes a full specimen that has original drawings by Stapf (1920), and agrees completely with the original description of the species. Other syntypes of P. calvum are: UGANDA: Ruwenzori: in shady forest near Kivata, May 1893, Scott Elliott 7647 (BM [000923141] image!, K [000282435!], 7686 (BM [000923140] image!, K [000282436!]): Mt. Elgon in thickets about Butalivi, January 1918, R. A. Dummer 3727 (K [000282437!]). Note: — Brown (1977) reported that this is a non-Kranz species.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCAFFFF96DE7CF61AF1FBCD.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens examined: — BURUNDI. Bujumbura. Ijenda-Mayuyu, 18 May 1969, Lewalle 3569 (P). Muramvya. Bugarama, 5 June 1976, Reekmans 5214 (BR, MO); Nyabigondo, 2 February 1967, Lewalle 1548 (BR). CAMEROON. Buea, December 1927, Maitland 104 (BR, US); versant occidental et crete montagne de Tabenken, 10 km SE Nkambe, 14 November 1974, Letouzey 13255 (P); Bambari, 18 April 1981, Rousvoal 61 (P); Tchabal Mbabo, de Ardo Bouba a Ardo Niakol, 1 November 1967, Jacques-Felix 8962 (P); Massif du Manengouba, 15 km NW Nkoncsamba, 30 August 1975, Letouzey 14405 (P); Mont Cameroun, 31 July 1974, Dujardin 251 (BR). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. Mikeno, Parc National Albert, 17 August 1937, Louis 5239 (BR, P), flanc NW du Volcan Karisimbi, s. d., Louis 5248 (BR), August 1937, Lebrun 7278 (P); District Kivu Nord, Virungavulkane, Nyamuragira, N-Hang, 22 August 1954, Stauffer 128 (P). ETHIOPIA. 15 km SW of Gera on trail to Afallo, 2 December 1964, Meyer 8859 (P); 22 km west of Bonta, Kaffa Prov., 2 January 1965, Meyer 9072 (P), 34 km S of Gore, 6 km S of Gurbadima, along Gore-Mossha track, 17 December 1972, Friis et al. 1841 (BR, C); 25 km S of Gore along the Gore-Mossha track, Ainingeria forest, 19 December 1972, Friis et al. 1862 (BR, C). KENYA. Fort Hall District: Kimakia Forest Reserve, 3 May 1957, Napper 664 (K); 15 miles SSW of Nyeri, 14 November 1956, Bogdan 4346 (P); Aberdare Range, E edge of gate to Aberdare National Park, Croat 28398 (MO). SIERRA LEONE. Loma Mountains, Jaeger 8317 (P). TANZANIA. Moshi District: Weru Weru Furrow, 20 November 1967, Vesey-Fitzgerald 5472 (K); Lushoto District: Mazumbai, W. Usambaras, 9 May 1953, Drummond & Hemsley 2454 (K, P); Lushoto, Renvoize 1765 (K, US); Makete District: Livingstone Mountains, ca. 1.5 km W of church at Madihani, 15 June 1992, Gereau & Kayombo 4722 (MO); Rungwe District: Ngozi Forest, Faden et al. 96 / 411 (US). UGANDA. Kigezi District: Kachwekano, 3 July 1945, Thomas 4230 (K). Mbale District: Butandiga, 12 September 1927, Snowden 1231 (K, US).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFC8FFF996DE7D2A1A90FE45.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (here designated): — TANZANIA. Rungwe District, Kymbila, 1600 m, 15 May 1912, A. Stolz 1270 (M [0103866] image!, isolectotypes BR [0000008760661!], G [00022446!], JE [00006127] image!, K [000282487!], L [1294047] image!, S – G- [4483] image!, U! [0257877] image, US [00148350!] [fragment ex M], US [00731052!], W [19160007804!], WAG [0001524] image!). Fig. 5	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFC8FFF996DE7D2A1A90FE45.taxon	description	Annual or short lived, not tufted perennial; culms slender 35 – 90 cm long, decumbent and branching at the lower and middle nodes; internodes cylindrical, 3 – 12 cm long, hollow, glabrous; nodes compressed, pale, glabrous. Sheaths striate, 3 – 10 (– 15) cm long, usually shorter than the internodes, sparsely hispid to glabrous. Ligule membranous, laciniate at the apex, 0.6 – 0.7 mm long, hyaline, with long hairs beneath at the base of the blade. Blades lanceolate, 5 – 10 (– 16) × 0.5 – 1 cm, rounded toward the base and then narrowed into a short and pilose pseudopetiole, pseudopetiole pilose, acuminate, glabrous or pilose, the margins scabrous. Inflorescence a terminal, lax and exserted panicle, 10 – 20 × 6 – 20 cm; peduncle cylindrical, 15 – 25 cm long, hispid to glabrous, pulvini hispid or glabrous; first-order branches alternate, divergent, axis of the branches glabrous, spikelets solitary on flexuous, claviform pedicels 1 – 5 mm long. Spikelets ovoid, 2.1 – 2.5 × 0.8 – 0.9 mm, acuminate, greenish and tinged with purple; lower glume lanceolate, 2 – 2.2 mm long, 4 / 5 to as long as the spikelet, 3 - nerved, acute, membranous, glabrous; upper glume ovate, 5 (– 7) - nerved, membranous, acute or acuminate, glabrous; lower lemma glumiform, 5 - nerved, membranous, acute, glabrous; lower palea narrowly elliptic-ovate, 1.4 – 1.6 (– 2) × 0.4 – 0.6 mm, hyaline, glabrous; lower flower staminate or neuter. Upper anthecium ovoid, 1.5 – 1.9 × 0.7 – 0.9 mm, indurate, pale, glabrous, smooth, shiny; upper lemma 5 - nerved. Caryopsis narrowly ovoid, 1.2 × 0.6 mm; hilum punctiform, embryo 1 / 3 the length of the caryopsis.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFC8FFF996DE7D2A1A90FE45.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — This species is commonly found in east tropical Africa (Burundi, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda. Malawi, and Zambia) in shaded forest habitats, from 1000 – 3000 m elevation.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFC8FFF996DE7D2A1A90FE45.taxon	discussion	Typification: — The holotype of Panicum chionachne at B was destroyed. An isotype at M is here designated as lectotype; it was identified by Mez and consists of a full specimen that agrees with the protologue. Notes: — This species is morphologically related, and perhaps conspecific, with Trichanthecium hochstetteri, the latter differing by having spikelets usually sparsely pubescent, oblong in outline. Brown (1977) reported that this is a non-Kranz species.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFC8FFF996DE7D2A1A90FE45.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens examined: — BURUNDI. Siguvyaye (Bururi), 1 June 1979, Ndabaneze 638 (BR). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. Nioka, 10 March 1956, Froment 10 (BR). MALAWI. Zamba Plateau, 23 November 1949, Wiehe N / 363 (P, US); Mlanje Mountain, Likabula valley, Wiehe N / 358 (US); banks of Mulungusi stream, Zomba, Wiehe N / 611 (US). TANZANIA. Mpanda District: 12 km N of Uzondo Camp, 5 May 2008, Bidgood et al. 6667 (K, P); Uzondo Plateau, 17 April 2006, Bidgood et al. 5581 (K, MO, P); Mufindi, Kigogo river valley, Renvoize & Abdallah 1903 (K, MO); Nyassa-Hochland, Station Kyimbila, Stolz 1374 (JE). UGANDA. Kigezi, Kachwekano Farm, Purseglove 3476 (K); Mubende, Thomas 4123 (K, US). ZAMBIA. Muchinga. Mpika District: Mutinondo Wilderness Area, western end of Airstrip, 9 May 1916, Bidgood et al. 8727 (K, P).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCEFFF996DE78A21B45F815.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SUDAN. “ In Nubia superior ad flumen caeruleum ”, Figari s. n. (not found, probably at TO). Fig. 6	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCEFFF996DE78A21B45F815.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (here designated): — ETHIOPIA. “ W. Schimper. Pl. Abyss. Ed. II Hohenack. (1852), n 2020 ”, prope Djeladjeranne, G. H. W. Schimper 2020 (S 05 - [8786] image!, isolectotypes GOET [006775] image!, JE [00006119] image!, LG [0000090035814] image!, LG [0000090035777] image!, M [0103984] image!, MPU [024437] image!, P [02251163!], P [002251164!], P [00442149!], S [S 05 - 8787] image!, TUB [006439] image!, TUB [006440] image!, W [19160019406!], W [18890236383!]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCEFFF996DE78A21B45F815.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — “ Abissinia: sotto gli .. …. preso Djeladjeranne ”, 1200 – 1500 m, G. H. W. Schimper 1840 (holotype FT?, not located).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCEFFF996DE78A21B45F815.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — MOZAMBIQUE. Nyasaland District: Shire Highland, Namasi, May 1899, K. J. Cameron 16 (holotype K [000255519!]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCEFFF996DE78A21B45F815.taxon	description	Annual, not tufted; culms geniculately ascending; slender; rooting and branching at the lower nodes, 10 – 30 (– 50) cm long; internodes cylindrical, hollow, hirsute, 3 – 8 cm long. Sheaths striate, 1 – 5 cm long, densely pilose with tuberculate trichomes, the margins long ciliate toward the apex, cilia ca. 2 mm long. Ligule membranous, 0.5 mm long, with long trichomes, up to 2 mm long, beneath at the base of the blade. Blades ovate-lanceolate, 3 – 8 × 0.4 – 1.2 cm, flat, narrowed at the base, the apex acuminate, densely to sparsely hairy, the margins scabrous. Inflorescence an open panicle 3 – 8 cm long; peduncle cylindrical, 5 – 8 cm long, glabrous; pulvini glabrous; main axis sparsely pilose, first-order branches alternate, divergent, axis of the branches hispid, spikelets solitary on first- and second-order branches, pedicels claviform, 1 – 3 mm long, glabrous. Spikelets narrowly ellipsoid, 2 – 2.5 (– 2.8) × 0.8 – 0.9 mm; lower glume 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, 1 / 6 to 1 / 4 the length of the spikelet, hispid, membranous, hyaline, obtuse, nerveless; upper glume as long as the spikelet, hispid, membranous, 3 - nerved, aristate, awn up to 1 mm long; lower lemma glumiform, hispid, 3 - nerved, acute; lower palea as long as the lower lemma, elliptic, hyaline, glabrous; lower flower staminate, anthers 3. Upper anthecium ovoid, 1.2 – 2 × 0.6 – 0.9 mm, shorter than the upper glume, indurate, pale, shiny. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCEFFF996DE78A21B45F815.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — East tropical Africa; present in forest margins, shade of boulders and rocky outcrops, at 1000 – 2400 m elevation.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCEFFF996DE78A21B45F815.taxon	discussion	Typification: — When describing this species, Chiovenda included the specimen Schimper 2020 without indicating a herbarium where the specimen is kept. Here, we designate a collection from S, [S 05 - 8786], as the lectotype since it agrees with the protologue and is a complete collection; isolectotypes are included from other herbaria. The type specimen of Panicum figarianum could not be located at FT; in this herbarium there is a specimen labeled as type, FI [0001123!], collected by A. R. Delile, but is not part of the type gathering of this species. However, there is a specimen at TUB [006440!], Schimper s. n., which is an isotype of the species. Note: — This species is characterized by the presence of a reduced lower glume and with the upper glume long acuminate.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCEFFF996DE78A21B45F815.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens examined: — MALAWI. Nyika Plateau, 11 April 1969, Pawek 2110 (K); Ntchisi Mt., 6 May 1963, Verboom 965 (K); Nyasaland, slopes of Dedza, 27 March 1950, Wiehe N / 465 (K, US). TANZANIA. Sumbawanga District: Tatanda, 25 April 2006, Bidgood et al. 5701 (P). Kigoma District: Tubira Forest, 26 April 1994, Bidgood & Vollesen 3185 (K, P); Iringa Region, Mufindi District: Lake Ngwazi, 9 April 1986, Lovett & Bidgood 629 (MO, US); Tilosa District: Ukaguru Mountains, Ihanga rock, 2 June 1978, Thulin & Mhoro 2856 (C, K); on slopes of Mbeya Mountain near the small village of Iwala near Lunji Farm, Lovett & Kayombo 22 (MO); Mshewe, Ihanga riverine forest, Lovett & Kayombo 211 (MO); Mporoto Ridge, ca. 4 km NW of Igoma on NW slope of Mlima wa Bangi, 24 April 1989, Gereau et al. 3429 (MO). ZAMBIA. Mbala, 14 April 1959, McCallum-Webster A 319 (K).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFFB96DE79DA1D10FC58.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — TANZANIA. Usambara, E. Eick 113 (holotype B [10 _ 0591779!], isotype US [00148463!] [fragment ex B]). Fig. 7	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFFB96DE79DA1D10FC58.taxon	description	Perennial, not tufted, culms decumbent at base, then erect, 5 – 30 cm long; internodes cylindrical, 1 – 5 cm long, hollow, glabrous; nodes brownish, glabrous. Sheaths striate, 3 – 5 cm long, usually longer than the internodes, the margins ciliate, otherwise glabrous. Ligule membranous, 0.7 mm long, hyaline. Blades lanceolate, 1 – 5 (– 6.5) × 0.2 – 0.4 cm, flat, rounded at base, acuminate, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Inflorescence a contracted, terminal and exserted panicle, 1.5 – 2 (– 6) × 2 – 4 cm; peduncle cylindrical, up to 20 cm long, glabrous, pulvini glabrous; main axis wavy, glabrous, first-order branches alternate, axis of the branches flexuous, glabrous, spikelets solitary and appressed on first- and second-order branches, pedicels flexuous, 1 – 5 mm long, glabrous. Spikelets long ovoid, 2 – 3 × 0.9 – 1 mm, greenish, glumes and lower lemma strongly nerved; lower glume 2.6 – 2.8 mm long, almost as long as the spikelet, 3 (– 5) - nerved, acuminate, glabrous, membranous; upper glume as long as the spikelet, 7 - nerved, glabrous, membranous, acuminate; lower lemma glumiform, 2.6 – 2.7 mm long, 5 – 7 - nerved, glabrous, membranous, acute; lower palea elliptic, 2.4 – 2.5 × 0.8 mm, hyaline, glabrous; lower flower staminate. Upper anthecium narrowly ovoid, 2.4 – 2.5 × 0.8 mm, indurate, smooth, glabrous, shiny. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFFB96DE79DA1D10FC58.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, growing in rocky open soils, at 2300 – 2900 m elevation.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFFB96DE79DA1D10FC58.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens examined: — MALAWI. Mt. Mulanje, Chambe Plateau, Wiehe N / 344 (K). RWANDA. Foret de Nyungwe, sommet du mont Ibigugu, 4 March 1952, Bouxin 1358 (P). TANZANIA. Makete District. Kitulo Plateau, 32 km E of the turnoff of Mbeya-Tukuyu road, 2850 m, 27 June 1996, Faden et al. 96 / 427 (BR, US); Bezirk Morogoro: Uluguru-Gebirge, Westseite, 20 February 1933, Schlieben 3521 (BR). ZIMBABWE. Chimanimani Mountains, 29 December 1957, Goodier & Phipps 189 (K).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFE596DE7A9F1EDEFC05.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype [designated as “ holotype ” by A. P. M. van der Zon (1992: 221)]: — ETHIOPIA (Abyssinia), ” Schimper, Hrbr. Un. it. Abyss. nr. 115 ”, 3 October 1837, G. H. W. Schimper 115 (P [00442164!], isolectotypes BR [0000008761439!], BR [0000008367389!], ETH [000000928] image!, GOET [006772] image!, HAL [0145339] image!, HOH [008985] image!, K [000255567!], K [000255566!], K [000255568!], L [0044807] image!, L [0044808] image!, L [0044809] image!, L [0044810] image!, LG [0000090035678] image!, M [0103859] image!, MO- 1660942!, MO- 1093884!, P [01817882!], P [00442165!], P [00442166!], P [01817884!], P [01817885!], P [01817886!], P [00731450!], REG [000289] image!, S [05 - 8778] image!, S [05 - 8779] image!, S [05 - 8780] image!, TUB [006399] image!, TUB [006400] image!, US [00147885!], W [0000281!], W [18890211183!]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFE596DE7A9F1EDEFC05.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype [designated as “ holotype ” by A. P. M. van der Zon (1992: 221)]: — CAMEROON. “ Hab. Cameroon Mountains ”, 7000 ft., December 1862, G. Mann s. n. (K [000182413!], isolectotypes K [000182414!], W [0023208!]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFE596DE7A9F1EDEFC05.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SOMALIA. Villaggio di Burgi (Hamara), 11 November 1893, D. Riva 1519 (1641) (FT [000238!]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFE596DE7A9F1EDEFC05.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (here designated): — ERITREA. Sarae: Gaza-Gobo M, 1800 – 2000 m, 7 – 10 October 1902, A. Pappi 129 (FT [000237!], isolectotype US- 2874903!).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFE596DE7A9F1EDEFC05.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (here designated): — EQUATORIAL GUINEA. Bioko (Fernando-Po), J. Mildbraed 7086 (HBG [525742!], isolectotype US [00148316!] [fragment ex B]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFE596DE7A9F1EDEFC05.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ETHIOPIA. Abyssinia: Addis Alam, 20 miles from Addis Adeba, 20 September 1926, J. O. Coopers. n. (holotype K [000255570!]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFE596DE7A9F1EDEFC05.taxon	description	Perennial, not tufted; culms 20 – 60 cm long, slender, trailing, decumbent and rooting at the lower nodes to erect; internodes cylindrical, hollow, glabrous; nodes glabrous, compressed. Sheaths striate, 2 – 5 cm long, sparsely hirsute to glabrous, the margins ciliate, cilia 2 – 3 mm long. Ligule membranous, 0.5 mm long, truncate, with long hairs beneath at the base of the blade. Blades lanceolate, 3 – 7.5 (– 11) × 0.4 – 1.4 cm, narrowed at the base, shortly pseudopetiolate, acute to acuminate, sparsely pilose on both surfaces to glabrous, flat, membranous, the midnerve manifest, margins scaberulous. Inflorescence a terminal, exserted, lax and open panicle 4 – 6 (– 16) × 4 – 16 cm; peduncle cylindrical, striate, 10 – 20 cm long, hirsute to glabrous; pulvini pilose to glabrous, first-order branches alternate, divergent, axis of the branches glabrous to pilose, spikelets dispersed on second-order branches, pedicels 2 – 8 mm long, glabrous, smooth. Spikelets oblong in outline, 2 – 2.5 (2.6) × 1 – 1.1 mm, often sparsely pubescent, rarely glabrous or scaberulous, dark green, glumes and lower lemma with strong nerves; lower glume 1.5 – 1.7 mm long, 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 the length of the spikelet, 3 (– 5) - nerved, sparsely pubescent, membranous; upper glume and lower lemma subequal (5 –) 7 - nerved, sparsely pubescent, acute, membranous; lower palea elliptic, 2.2 – 2.3 × 1 mm, hyaline, glabrous; lower flower staminate, anthers 3. Upper anthecium ovoid, 1.8 – 2 × 0.7 – 0.9 mm, glabrous, smooth, indurate, shiny. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFE596DE7A9F1EDEFC05.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Tropical Africa, from Ethiopia to Tanzania and Uganda; it grows on rocky slopes and forest shade, at 1500 – 3000 m elevation. Chromosome number: — 2 n = 54 (Morton 1993).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFE596DE7A9F1EDEFC05.taxon	discussion	Typification: — When describing Panicum hochstetteri, Steudel mentioned the specimen Schimper 115 as type, and included P. trichanthum Rich. in synonymy; the latter author cited the specimen of Schimper and also another one collected by Quarter Dillon s. n. Of these, the collection Schimper 115 from P [00442164!], was designated as “ holotype ”, and consequently a lectotype of the species. Other syntypes of this species are: Ethiopia. Ambaetcha, October 1839, R. Quarter Dillon s. n. (P [00442167!], P [00442168!], P [00442169!], W [0023203!]). Two specimens were included in the diagnosis of P. hochstetteri var. glaberrimum, Pappi 129 and Tellini 350, FT [FT 0000236!]. Of these, Pappi 129 from FT [FT 000237!] is here selected as the lectotype of the variety, since it is a complete specimen and agrees with the protologue. The holotype specimen of P. mokaense, J. Mildbraed 7086, is lost at B, presumably destroyed during WWII Clayton & Renvoize (1982) mentioned erroneously that the holotype of this species is deposited at B. An isotype from HBG [525742!] is designated as lectotype of the species. Note. Brown (1977) reported that this is a non-Kranz species.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFCCFFE596DE7A9F1EDEFC05.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens examined: — DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. Kasindi, Lubango, January 1932, Lebrun 4828 (BR, US); Parc du Kahuzi-Biega, 20 July 1976, Dujardin 519 (BR). EQUATORIAL GUINEA. Bioco, Malabo-Moca, km 68, 24 October 1986, Carvalho 2610 (US). ETHIOPIA. 5 km W of Jinma, 15 November 1955, Stewart 173 (K, US); Amba Sea, 17 September 1863, Schimper 1087 (US); Jimma, Mooney 6033 (K); Arussi Prov.: ca. 5 km N of Asella at Kulumsa farm, Thulin 1557 (K). KENYA. Kitale, edge of riparian forest, Bogdan 4290 (K). NIGERIA. Obudu Plateau, 1 November 1964, Tuley 1028 (K, US). TANZANIA. Bez. Morogoro, Ulugura-Geb, 13 May 1933, Schlieben 3918 (K, US), 26 June 1933, 4025 (MO, US). UGANDA. Mbale District: Mount Elgon, January 1918, Dummer 3567 (K, US); West Suk, 6 miles northeast of Kapenguria, 14 November 1953, Bogdan 3855 (K, US).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD2FFE596DE7D621CC4F831.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (here designated): — ZIMBABWE. Mutare, Umtali, 1560 m., on hillsides in shade of bush and undergrowth; 15 February 1926, Herb. Dept. Agric. S. Rhod. 3375 (K [000255521!], isolectotypes K [000255522!], K [000255523!], K [000255524!], SRGH [0007632 - 0] image!). Fig. 8	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD2FFE596DE7D621CC4F831.taxon	description	Perennial, not tufted, with delicate, erect, or decumbent culms from a slender rhizome; culms 10 – 30 cm long; internodes cylindrical, hollow, glabrous. Sheaths striate, 1.5 – 5 cm long., densely hispid with whitish hairs, occasionally glabrous, the margins ciliate, hairs 1 – 2 mm long. Ligule membranous, reduced, 0.7 mm long. Blades lanceolate, 1.5 – 5 × 0.3 – 0.6 cm, flat, subcordate, acuminate, pilose to glabrous. Inflorescence a terminal, exserted few flowered panicles, 1.5 – 6 × 1.5 – 5 cm; peduncle cylindrical, 6 – 12 cm long, glabrous; pulvini glabrous, main axis wavy, glabrous, first-order branches alternate, divergent, spreading axis of the branches glabrous, spikelets solitary on first-order branches, pedicels 2 – 10 mm long, claviform, scabrous. Spikelets long ovoid, 2 – 2.7 × 1 mm, sparsely to densely pilose, acuminate; lower glume 2 – 2.5 mm long, almost as long as the spikelet, 3 - nerved, sparsely to densely pilose, membranous, acuminate; upper glume and lower lemma subequal, sparsely to densely pilose, membranous, as long as the spikelet, upper glume 7 - nerved, lower lemma 5 - nerved, pilose toward the apex, otherwise glabrous; lower palea elliptic, 1.8 × 0.9 mm or reduced, hyaline, glabrous; lower flower neuter or staminate, anthers 3, 1.6 mm long. Upper anthecium ovoid, 1.8 – 2 × 0.7 – 1 mm, indurate, pale, glabrous, smooth and shiny. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD2FFE596DE7D621CC4F831.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — It grows in Eastern tropical Africa; it is found in submontane grassland, in wet places, at 1600 – 2400 m elevation.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD2FFE596DE7D621CC4F831.taxon	discussion	Observations: — Renvoize (1989 b) mentioned that the holotype of P. inaequilatum is kept at K. However, there are four type specimens at this herbarium, of which K [000255521!] is here designated as the lectotype. The species is related to Trichanthecium eickii, from which it differs by the pilose spikelets.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD2FFE596DE7D621CC4F831.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens examined: — MOZAMBIQUE. Namuli Mountain, Mozambique plateau north of two peaks, Harris 399 (K). ZIMBABWE. Ynyanga. Inyanga National Park; Mare Dam, 12 February 1974, Davidse et al. 6550 (MO); Birkenough Bridge, Chimanimani km 86, near Skyline junction, Laegaard 16003 (US); Melsetter District: Sawerombi Road, 16 January 1951, Cook 346 (K, US).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD0FFE196DE79DA1F82FE23.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — Democratic Republic of Congo. Plateau des Marungu, Mount Kibobwa, 15 February 1970, S. Lisowski, F. Malaisse & J. J. Symoens 9669 (holotype BR [0000001222405!], isotype POZG). Fig. 9	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD0FFE196DE79DA1F82FE23.taxon	description	Plants presumably perennial, base not observed, 60 – 70 cm tall; culms simple, erect; internodes cylindrical, up to 20 cm long, hollow, glabrous to sparsely hairy with appressed tuberculate hairs; nodes compressed, glabrous. Sheaths striate, open, longer than the internodes, 17 – 25 cm long, covered with appressed or spreading tuberculate hairs, the margins ciliate. Ligule membranous, laciniate at the apex, 0.6 – 0.8 mm long, brownish, with long hairs beneath at the base of the blade. Blades lanceolate, 12 – 20 × 0.4 – 0.6 cm, flat or with involute borders, rounded at base, the apex acuminate, densely covered, on both surfaces, with long tuberculate hairs, the margins ciliate, midrib manifest. Inflorescence a terminal, contracted panicle, 20 cm long; main axis wavy, glabrous, pulvini glabrous; spikelets appressed and solitary on alternate first-order primary branches, axis of the branches glabrous, pedicels flexuous, claviform, glabrous, 1 – 3 mm long. Spikelets broadly ellipsoid, 2.2 × 1.2 mm, greenish and tinged with purple; lower glume as long as the spikelet, 5 - nerved, glabrous, membranous, with two whitish tuberculate hairs 2 – 3 mm long toward the apical portion; upper glume as long as the spikelet, 5 - nerved, glabrous, membranous, slightly gibbose; lower lemma glumiform, 5 - nerved, 2 mm long, glabrous; lower palea elliptic, hyaline, 2 × 1 mm, glabrous; lower flower staminate, anthers 3, 1.8 mm long. Upper anthecium plano-convex, 1.6 – 1.8 × 1 mm, shorter than the upper glume and lower lemma, whitish, indurate, shiny, with bicellular microhairs at the lemma and palea surface, upper lemma 5 - nerved. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD0FFE196DE79DA1F82FE23.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Endemic to the Marungu high plateau, in grassland at 2000 m elevation. In flower in February.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD0FFE196DE79DA1F82FE23.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Trichanthecium marunguensis differs from other species of Trichanthecium by its broadly ellipsoid spikelets, the lower glume with two tuberculate hairs, 2 – 3 mm long, at the apical portion. Only known from the type collection, this species occurs only in the Marungu high plateau, southwest of Lake Tanganyka in D. R. Congo (Dessein et al. 2006), which is largely covered by savannas (Lisowski et al. 1971), dominated by many species of Cyperaceae and Poaceae. The plateau is isolated from other highland areas, therefore forming a sky island of very peculiar environmental and edaphic conditions (Dessein et al. 2006). The transverse section of the leaf of Trichanthecium marunguensis showed a flat outline, ribs and furrows scarcely distinguishing, median keel undifferentiated, chlorenchyma cells elongated radially around the vascular bundles, 4 – 5 mesophyll cells between contiguous vascular bundles, vascular bundles with two sheaths, the outer with parenchymatous globose cells, translucent without specialized chloroplasts and with adaxial and abaxial extensions, 1 (– 2) seriate, linking the bundle with both epidermis, the inner sheath with mestomatic cells with the walls thickened and also without chloroplasts, the adaxial bulliform cells are inflated in well-defined fan-shaped groups, of 3 – 6 cells between consecutive vascular bundles, occupying approximately 1 / 4 of the leaf thickness (Fig. 2 A – C). The abaxial epidermis of the leaf in surface view with costal and intercostal zones differentiated, costal zones with silica bodies in dumb-bell and nodular shaped, intercostal zones with rectangular cells with undulations in the walls, alternating with intercostal zones with shorter cells, more cuboidal and without marked undulations, stomata with dome-shaped subsidiary cells, separated by a single interstomatal long cell, unicellular macrohairs with some raised epidermal cells surrounding the sunken base, bicellular microhairs and hooks scattered; the adaxial epidermis is similar to the abaxial one, but with square to short rectangular bulliform cells in intercostal zones, and less stomata and macrohairs (Fig. 2 D – E). Although the general pattern of leaf anatomy of Trichanthecium marunguensis (Lisowski et al. 9669) agrees with that of a C 3 species, some characters are somewhat distinctive such as the vascular bundles that are closer together than in other C 3 species, with only 4 to 5 mesophyll cells between adjacent bundles, and the presence of adaxial and abaxial parenchymatous extensions of the vascular bundles (Fig. 2 A – C). These both particular attributes were also reported in the foliar anatomy of Trichanthecium cyanescens and T. wettsteinii (Zuloaga et al. 2011). Ellis (1988) analyzed South African species of Panicum s. l. and grouped species C 3 with this type of anatomy in the Group 1 b. On the other hand, the C 3 species that lack these attributes were included in the group Group 1 a as P. aequinerve. Ellis (1988) mentioned that species of both groups are anatomically related and possibly the distance between adjacent bundles and the parenchymatous extensions of the bundles could depend on the sunlight situation of the specimen. Based on these observations, Ellis (1988) pointed out that both groups are only anatomically recognized but are undoubtedly closely related, an idea that is supported here by the phylogenetic analysis presented. The analysis of the spikelet of Trichanthecium marunguensis with SEM revealed that the abaxial epidermis of the lower glume has, in the nerved zones, rows of dumb-bell silica bodies, with stomata between nerves; also, elongated bicellular microhairs are distributed mainly in the upper half of the glume; two prominent macrohairs were observed at the apex of the lower glume, each one having an hemispherical cell surrounding the base of the hair (Fig. 3 A – B, D). The upper anthecium is typically plano-convex with small simple papillae on the upper lemma, scarce in its lower half. Also, elongated bicellular microhairs were observed, with the proximal cells with thicker wall than the distal one, the latter collapsed or sometimes deciduous. The surface of the palea presents similar characteristics to the ones described for the upper lemma, with the addition that some developed prickles were observed in the apex, partially covered by the lemma (Fig. 3 C, E – G).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE196DE7B461D92FA94.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated by Vorontsova 2018: 170): — MADAGASCAR. Fianarantsoa, Massif d’Andringitra, 2200 m, March 1921, Perrier de la Bâthie 13694 (P [00224770!], isolectotypes K [000244712!], P [00224771!]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE196DE7B461D92FA94.taxon	description	Perennial, not tufted, shortly rhizomatous; culms decumbent, rooting and branching at the lower nodes, then erect, 15 – 65 cm long; internodes cylindrical, hollow, glabrous; nodes compressed, brownish, glabrous. Sheaths striate, glabrous. Ligules membranous, ca. 0.5 mm long. Blades linear, 1.5 – 8 × 0.2 – 0.6 cm, flat, narrow at the base, apex acuminate, often reflexed at maturity, densely hispid on both surfaces to glabrous. Inflorescence a terminal, partly or fully exserted, open, narrowly ovate panicle, 2 – 7 × 2 – 6 cm; peduncle 8 – 10 cm long, cylindrical, glabrous, pulvini glabrous; main axis striate, glabrous, first-order branches alternate, appressed or ascendent, naked at the lower portion, axis of the branches scaberulous, spikelet congested on first- and second-order branches, pedicels 2 – 4 mm long, scaberulous. Spikelets long ovoid, 2 – 5 – 2.8 (– 3) × 0.8 – 1 mm, greenish to purple; lower glume as long as the spikelet, 3 – 5 - nerved, long acuminate, pubescent to glabrous; upper glume as long as the spikelet, 7 - nerved, hispid to glabrous, membranous, lower lemma glumiform, 7 - nerved, hispid to glabrous; lower palea reduced, ca. 0.4 mm long to absent; lower flower absent. Upper anthecium ovoid, 2 × 0.8 – 1 mm, shorter than the upper glume and lower lemma, indurate, pale to brownish, smooth, shiny. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE196DE7B461D92FA94.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Species endemic to high elevations in Madagascar, open savanna, forest understory, rocky habitats, often on limestone and gneiss, at 950 – 2400 m elevation (Vorontsova 2018).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE196DE7B461D92FA94.taxon	materials_examined	Representative material examined: — MADAGASCAR. Massif de L’Andohahela, Vallée supériere de la Sakamalio, January 1934, Humbert 13568 (G). Antsiranana: Mount Tsaratanana, s. d., Perrier de la Bâthie 16363 (P); Massif de Marivohahona au Sud-Est de Manambato, 18 March 1951, Humbert & Capuron 25654, 25692 (P); Montagne d’Ambre, June 1970, Bosser 20353 (K, P). Antananarivo: route Ambatolampy-Faratsiho, February 1957, Bosser 10839 (P); P. K. 40, route d’Anjozorobe, February 1954, Bosser 7255 (P); Lac Mantasoa, February 1954, Bosser 19991 (K, P); Analabe, March 1952, Bosser 5152 (P); La Mandraka, February 1953, Bosser 4902 (P). Fianarantsoa: Ambatofinandrahana, February 1962, Bosser 15869 (P).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE396DE7CD11A09FD1D.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated as “ holotype ” by Clayton & Renvoize 1982: 490): — CAMEROON. Cameroon Mountains, 7000 – 8000 ft, December 1882, G. Mann 2090 (K [K 000182419!]). Fig. 10	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE396DE7CD11A09FD1D.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (here designated): — ETHIOPIA. “ Abyssinien auf Felsen am Hedscha, G. H. W. Schimper 1095 (K [000255571!]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE396DE7CD11A09FD1D.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — MALAWI. Mount Mulanje, 4 February 1971, O. M. Hilliard & B. L. Burtt 6396 (holotype K [000318207!]), syn. nov.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE396DE7CD11A09FD1D.taxon	description	Annual; culms (2 –) 15 – 30 cm tall, decumbent, branching and rooting at the lower nodes, rarely erect; internodes cylindrical, 1 – 3 cm long, hollow, glabrous; nodes dark, pilose. Sheaths striate, 1 – 2 cm long, hirsute, with tuberculate hairs. Ligule membranous, 0.4 mm long. Blades ovate-lanceolate, 0.5 – 4 (4.2) × 0.2 – 0.6 cm, narrowed at the base, flat, membranous, pilose, the apex acuminate. Inflorescence a terminal, short-exserted lax panicle 1 – 2 (4.5) × 1 – 3 cm, peduncle cylindrical, 2 – 4 cm long; main axis flexuous, hispid, first-order branches alternate, divergent, deflexed or not, spikelets solitary on flexuous pedicels, 1 – 3 mm long; axillary inflorescences present, similar to the terminal one. Spikelets ellipsoid, 1.5 – 2 × 0.7 – 0.8 mm, hirsute, with tuberculate hairs, occasionally glabrous, greenish, acute; lower glume 1.2 – 1.5 mm long, 1 / 2 to 4 / 5 the length of the spikelet, 3 - nerved, acuminate, membranous; upper glume and lower lemma subequal, 5 – 7 - nerved, acute, membranous, upper glume early deciduous; lower palea reduced, hyaline, glabrous; lower flower absent. Upper anthecium narrowly ovoid, 1.5 – 1.8 × 0.6 – 0.8 mm, smooth, shiny, indurate. Caryopsis ovoid, 1.2 × 0.6 mm; hilum punctiform, embryo 1 / 3 the length of the caryopsis.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE396DE7CD11A09FD1D.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Widely distributed from Ethiopia to Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania in Tropical East Africa. It is found in clefts, mountain grassland or bushland and forest margins; at 1350 – 3300 m elevation (Clayton & Renvoize 1982).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE396DE7CD11A09FD1D.taxon	biology_ecology	Chromosome number: — 2 n = 18 (Morton 1993).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE396DE7CD11A09FD1D.taxon	discussion	Typification: — The protologue of P. tylanthum mentions a single specimen, Schimper 1095. Since no material was found at B or W, relating it to Hackel or Engler, a specimen of from K [0000255571!] is here selected as the lectotype. Note: — Brown (1977) reported that this is a non-Kranz species with a δ 13 C value of – 26.8.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD6FFE396DE7CD11A09FD1D.taxon	materials_examined	Representative material examined: — BURUNDI. Prov. Muramwya: Mugongomanga, 14 May 1982, Reekmans 11225 (MO); Teza, 31 May 1978, Bouharmont 11329 (BR). CAMEROON. Cameroon Mountains, Maitland 1218 (K, US). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. Kabare, Mugigo, 9 May 1959, Leonard 4097 (BR); Kivu, Kalehe, Petit s. n. (BR). KENYA. 15 miles SSW of Nyeri, 14 November 1956, Bogdan 4347 (K, US); Nakuru, 21 September 1929, Hitchcock 25113 (US); Nakuru, 4 miles W of Nakuru, 10 October 1951, Bogdan 3283 (K, US). MALAWI. Northern Province. Nyika Plateau, below main bridge Dam 1, 22 March 1976, Phillips 1518 (MO). NIGERIA. Obudu cattle ranch, Birnas 222 (K); Chappal Waddi, Gangirwal, Jackson et al. 2023 (K). RWANDA Montagnes a l’Est de Kisenyi, May 1929, Humbert 8478 (BR). TANZANIA. Kilimanjaron; Peters Hut to Marangu, 6 September 1929, Hitchcock 24649 (US). Nyassa Hochland, Kyimbala, 15 May 1912, Stolz 1271 (US).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD4FFE396DE7A5F1CCDF7D4.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (designated as “ holotype ” by Clayton & Renvoize 1982: 491): — KENYA. Kenya Colony: western slopes of Mount Kenya, along trail from West Kenya Forest Station to summit, in the Bamboo zone, at about 3000 m elevation, 28 September – 7 October 1909, E. A. Mearns 1766 (K [000282466!], isolectotype BR [0000008760616!]). Fig. 11	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD4FFE396DE7A5F1CCDF7D4.taxon	description	Perennial, not tufted, culms 30 – 60 cm tall, slender, profusely branching, many noded, rooting and somehow decumbent near the base, then erect; internodes cylindrical, 1.5 – 3.5 cm long, greenish to purple, hollow, glabrous; nodes dark, glabrous. Sheaths striate, 1.5 – 4.5 cm long, sparsely pilose to glabrous, the margins shortly ciliate, more so toward the apex. Ligule membranous, 0.6 mm long, shortly laciniate at the apex. Blades linear, 1.2 – 2.8 × 0.2 (– 0.3) cm, involute, closely appressed to the culms, rarely spreading or deflexed, narrowed at the base, bluntly acute, pilose on the adaxial surface and glabrous on the abaxial one. Inflorescence a terminal, contracted, few flowered panicle, 1 – 4 × 1 – 3 cm; peduncle cylindrical, 3 – 5 cm long, glabrous, pulvini glabrous; first-order branches alternate, appressed to the main axis, spikelets solitary on flexuous, glabrous pedicels 2 – 9 mm long. Spikelets ovoid, 3 – 3.5 × 1.1 – 1.4 mm, dark, pilose toward the apex, otherwise glabrous, glumes and lower lemma with manifest nerves; lower glume ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 – 3.4 mm long, ¾ to as long as the spikelet, pilose toward the apex, otherwise glabrous, membranous, 5 – 7 - nerved, the apex acute; upper glume and lower lemma subequal, acute; upper glume 7 - nerved, pilose toward the apex, otherwise glabrous, membranous; lower lemma 5 - nerved, glabrous, membranous, acute; lower palea elliptic, as long as the lower lemma, hyaline, glabrous; lower flower staminate, anthers 1.8 mm long. Upper anthecium narrowly ovoid, 2.3 – 3 × 1 – 1.2 mm, indurate, glabrous, shiny. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD4FFE396DE7A5F1CCDF7D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — This species is present in western tropical Africa, in Guinea, and eastern tropical Africa, from Democratic Republic of Congo to Tanzania and Uganda. It grows on rocky slopes and swamp meadows, at 2300 – 3250 m elevation.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD4FFE396DE7A5F1CCDF7D4.taxon	discussion	Typification: — Another syntype of this species is: E. A. Mearns 1682 (B [10 _ 0168674!], F [0046937 F!], G [00022431!], GH [00024172!], K [000282465!], US [00148036!], W [19280008778!]). Note: — Trichanthecium striatissimum was considered, as P. striatissimum, to be a synonym of T. eickii (≡ P. eickii) by Clayton & Renvoize (1982). Later, Renvoize (1989 b) correctly distinguished the species as valid, characterized by its linear to filiform blades, and spikelets 3 – 3.5 mm long.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFD4FFE396DE7A5F1CCDF7D4.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens examined: — BURUNDI. Mayuyu, Mont Heha, 7 Apr 1969, Lewalle 3455 (BR); Prov. Muramvya: Teza, mont Ngoma, 4 May 1976, Reekmans 5013 (BR). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. Karisimbi, 1929, Scaetta 1591 (P); Mt. Muhi, vallée près du sommet, July 1948, Hendrickx 5200 (BR); Kivu, Volcan Mikeno, April 1929, Humbert 8063 (BR); Karisimbi, Parc National Albert, 1929, Scaetta s. n. (K, P). GUINEA. Friguiagbé, 6 September 1938, Chillon 703 (P). KENYA. Kenya. Bamboo zone, western slopes of Mount Kenya, along trail from West Kenya Forest Station to summit, at about 3000 m elevation, 28 September 1909, Mearns 1750, 1760 (paratypes, K), 1766 (paratypes, BR, K). RWANDA. Par des Volcans, Karisimbi, 12 February 1975, D´Arcy 7716 b (MO, P); Volcan Karisimbi, au NE du Lac Kivu, June 1929, Humbert 8574 (BR, P). TANZANIA. Udzungwa Mountain, Luke et al. 6969 (K). UGANDA. Kashenyi, Lake Banyoni, 28 November 1935, Johnston 1360 (BR); Behungi, Kigezi, 23 December 1933, Thomas 1194 (K).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFDAFFED96DE79DA1A8DFBAC.taxon	materials_examined	Lectotype (here designated): — MALAWI. Slopes of Dedza Mountain, 27 March 1950, P. O. Wiehe N / 469 (K [000255525!], isolectotypes K [000255526!], K [000255527!]).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFDAFFED96DE79DA1A8DFBAC.taxon	description	Annual, not tufted; culms decumbent, branching and rooting at the lower nodes, then erect, (30 –) 50 – 90 cm; internodes cylindrical, 2 – 4 cm long, hollow, sparsely pilose to glabrous; nodes compressed, dark, shortly pilose to glabrous. Sheaths striate, 2 – 6 cm long, sparsely pilose, with long hairs near the junction with the blade, the margins shortly ciliate. Ligule membranous, 0.5 – 0.6 mm long. Blades ovate-lanceolate, 2 – 15 × 0.4 – 1.6 cm, flat, cordate at base, shortly pseudopetiolate, pseudopetiole short to long pilose, membranous to herbaceous, pilose, with tuberculate hairs, to glabrous, acute, the lower margins ciliate, otherwise scabrous, midnerve manifest. Inflorescence a terminal, open to contracted panicle, 7 – 14 × 6 – 10 cm; peduncle cylindrical, 5 – 15 cm long, glabrous; pulvini dark, glabrous; main axis sparsely pilose to scabrous, first-order branches alternate, divergent to congested, axis of the branches scabrous, spikelets solitary on scabrous pedicels 1 – 6 mm long. Spikelets ellipsoid, 2 – 2.5 × 0.9 – 1 mm; lower glume 0.5 – 0.7 mm long, 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 the length of the spikelet, nerveless to 1 - nerved, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, acute to obtuse, membranous; upper glume and lower lemma subequal, sparsely pubescent to glabrous, membranous, 5 - nerved, the midnerve scabrous; lower palea elliptic, 1.8 – 2.2 × 0.8 – 0.9 mm, as long as the lower lemma, hyaline, glabrous, the margins scaberulous; lower flower staminate, anthers 1.6 mm long. Upper anthecium ovoid, 1.8 – 2.1 × 0.7 – 0.9 mm, glabrous, indurate, smooth, shiny. Caryopsis not seen.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFDAFFED96DE79DA1A8DFBAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Species present in Malawi, Southern Sudan, and Zimbabwe, where it grows in forest margins, scrambling over shrubs in the forest, and riverine woodland; at 1700 – 2200 m elevation (Renvoize 1980).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFDAFFED96DE79DA1A8DFBAC.taxon	discussion	Typification: — The protologue of Panicum wiehei cites a single collection, Wiehe N / 469 at K as the type. However, at K there are three sheets. Therefore, we selected one of them, K [000255525!], as the lectotype. Note: — Trichanthecium wiehei is morphologically similar to T. calvum, the latter differing by having a lower glume of 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 times the length of the spikelet, 1 – 3 - nerved, acute, and by the lack of a lower palea.	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
039287A2FFDAFFED96DE79DA1A8DFBAC.taxon	materials_examined	Representative specimens examined: — MALAWI. Zomba plateau, Lawrence 290 (K); Mutare, Murahwa’s Hill, 22 March 1970, Simon 2118 (K). SOUTHERN SUDAN. Near Gilo village, Friis & Vollesen 8 (K). ZIMBABWE. Inyanga, Honda Valley, Phipps 1115 (K); Mutare (Umtali), Vumba Mountains, Fisher 1535 (K).	en	Zuloaga, Fernando Omar, Aliscioni, Sandra, Delfini, Carolina, Salariato, Diego Leonel (2024): Old World species of Trichanthecium (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) including a new species from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Phytotaxa 646 (3): 230-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.3.2
