taxonID	type	description	language	source
03948791CB202921FD8DFBBE9B79D1AC.taxon	description	Figs 2, 13	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB202921FD8DFBBE9B79D1AC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined BRAZIL • 7 specs; Rio de Janeiro, Praia Vermelha; 16 Aug. 2012; M. Coutihno and V. Schawn leg.; ECOSUR P 3208.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB202921FD8DFBBE9B79D1AC.taxon	description	Description BODY AND MEASUREMENTS. Non-type specimens (ECOSUR P 3208) in good conditions, complete, largest specimen 23 mm long, 1.9 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 67 chaetigers. Body dorsally pigmented, with reddish brown pigmentation in palps, prostomium and chaetigers, intense in anterior region, progressively discoloring posteriorly (Fig. 2 A – B). Pale lines present in dorsum of first 12 chaetigers (Fig. 2 A), fingerprint-like pattern from chaetiger 13. PROSTOMIUM. Subpyriform, as long as wide; anterior region distally entire, rectangular, slightly longer than posterior region, dorsal groove present (Fig. 2 A); anterolateral gap between antenna and palpophore as long as diameter of antennae. ANTENNAE. Digitiform, not passing palps, lacking pigments, half as long as prostomium, gap between them as long as basal wide of antennae (Fig. 2 A). PALPS. Palpophores ovoid, swollen, 1.5 × as long as wide, shorter than prostomium, subdistal transverse groove present (Fig. 2 A). Palpostyles rounded. EYES. Rounded, anterior and posterior pairs subequal, in trapezoidal arrangement, posterior pair covered by anterior margin of tentacular belt (Fig. 2 A). TENTACULAR BELT. 1.5 × as long as chaetiger 1, covering posterior pair of eyes, anterior dorsal margin straight (Fig. 2 A). TENTACULAR CIRRI. Moniliform, not jointed, basal segment largest, remaining ones decrease in size progressively toward distal end longest cirri reaching end of chaetiger 1 (Fig. 2 A). PHARYNX. Dissected; jaws brown, cutting edge with 10 rounded teeth (Fig. 2 D). Maxillary ring: I = 5 cones in triangle; II = 11 – 12 cones in arc; III = 19 cones in rectangle; IV = 19 – 33 cones in arc. Oral ring: V = 3 cones in triangle, two cones over each lateral edges; VI = 1 – 1 smooth bars; VII – VIII = 40 cones in two bands: anterior band with 8 paragnaths in a furrow row with 1 cone on the regions a – d, and 12 paragnaths in ridge row with 1 cone on each B – G regions; posterior band with 8 paragnaths in furrow row with 1 cone on the regions a – d, and 12 paragnaths in ridge row with 2 cones on region A and 1 cone on the regions B – F (Fig. 13). Furrow pattern of areas VI – V – VI, Π- shaped (Fig. 13). DORSAL CIRRI. Digitiform in first chaetigers, filiform thereafter, attached basally to dorsal ligule in anteriormost chaetigers, medially in middle chaetigers, and subdistally in posterior chaetigers (Fig. 2 E – I); 1.5 × as long as distal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 1, 2.2 × in chaetiger 10, 2.3 × in chaetiger 28, 2.5 × in chaetiger 45, 3.2 × in chaetiger 62 (Fig. 2 E – I); 4.7 × as long as proximal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 1, 2.7 × in chaetiger 10, 2.6 × in chaetiger 28, 1.5 × in chaetiger 45, 1 × length in chaetiger 62 (Fig. 2 E – I). DORSAL LIGULES. Subconical with blunt tip in anterior and middle chaetigers, becoming pennant-like toward posterior chaetigers, with distal lobes longer than proximal ones in first chaetigers, becoming as long as in anterior and shorter than in middle and posterior chaetigers (Fig. 2 E – I). Distal lobe of dorsal ligule subconical throughout; as long as median ligule in chaetigers 10 and 28, 1.8 × as long as in chaetiger 45, 2.8 × in chaetiger 62 (Fig. 2 E – I). MEDIAN LIGULES. Subconical with blunt tip in anterior chaetigers, becoming sharper thereafter (Fig. 2 E – I); 1 × length of neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 10, 4.3 × in chaetiger 28, 2 × in chaetigers 45 and 62 (Fig. 2 E – I). NEUROACICULAR LIGULES. Subconical in anterior and middle chaetigers, becoming rounded in posterior ones (Fig. 2 E – I); 0.7 × length of ventral ligule in chaetiger 1, 2 × in chaetiger 10, 1 × in chaetiger 28, 2 × in 45, 1.6 × in chaetiger 62 (Fig. 2 E – I). NEUROPODIAL SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR LOBES. Present in anterior and middle chaetigers, both rounded, inferior one wider than superior one throughout (Fig. 2 E – I). NEUROPODIAL POSTCHAETAL LOBES. Rounded, half as long as neuroacicular ligule throughout. VENTRAL LIGULES. Digitiform throughout (Fig. 2 E – I). VENTRAL CIRRI. Digitiform throughout (Fig. 2 E – I); 1 × length of ventral ligule in chaetiger 1, 0.8 × length thereafter (Fig. 2 E – I). ACICULAE. Dark brown throughout (Fig. 2 A – I); notoaciculae absent in first two chaetigers (Fig. 2 E). NOTOCHAETAE. All homogomph symmetrical spinigers. Blades of spinigers with basal pectinate, coarse teeth, becoming minute toward distal end. NEUROCHAETAE. Homogomph symmetrical spinigers and heterogomph falcigers in supra-acicular fascicles, heterogomph spinigers and falcigers in sub-acicular fascicles. Neuropodial homogomph spiniger as notopodial ones. Heterogomph spinigers with blades pectinate, minute teeth and decreasing in size toward distal end. Heterogomph falcigers pectinate, long and narrow teeth, half of inner edge of blade dentate, distal tips stout, stouter in supra-acicular falcigers (Fig. 2 J – K). PYGIDIUM. Crenulated, bilobate (Fig. 2 B); anal cirri subulate, as long as last three chaetigers (Fig. 2 B).	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB202921FD8DFBBE9B79D1AC.taxon	discussion	Remarks Kinberg (1865) included few features in the original description of P. anderssoni, all focused on features of the anterior end of the body. Hartman (1948) briefly redescribed the species and regarded Nereis bairdii Webster, 1884, and doubtfully P. ponteni Kinberg, 1865, as junior synonyms. Morphological differences between P. anderssoni and P. ponteni have been pointed out in recent studies (e. g., Coutinho & Santos 2014; Coutinho et al. 2015), and here the synonymy of N. bairdii is rejected (see remarks of Perinereis bairdii below). Epitokes were not available for this study, but recently Peixoto & Santos (2016) detailed the reproductive biology of P. anderssoni, finding four epitokal stages in both males and females. De León-González & Solís-Weiss (1998) redescribed P. anderssoni based on the best-preserved specimen of the syntype series, but they highlighted the poor conditions of the type series and the absence of pigmentation. To improve the available redescription, a complementary description is provided based on topotypes in better condition of preservation. De León-González & Solís-Weiss (1998) also recorded the species from Chile and the Gulf of Mexico, regarding it as amphiamerican. The inclusion of material from Juan Fernández, Chile is explained after Hartman (1948) noted some similarities in parapodia between P. anderssoni and P. pseudocamiguina (Augener, 1922) (type locality: Juan Fernández) (Augener 1922; Hutchings et al. 1991), but there are differences between them: 1) P. pseudocamiguina has 1 – 2 cones in area I, 7 – 13 cones in area III, and occasionally bars in areas IV; whereas P. anderssoni has 4 – 5 cones in area I, 19 – 21 cones in areas III, and no bars in areas IV; 2) in P. pseudocamiguina, dorsal cirri in posterior chaetigersare 0.5 – 0.6 × as long as proximal lobe of dorsal ligule, whereas in P. anderssoni they ate as long as; 3) in P. pseudocamiguina, dorsal cirri are 2.0 – 2.2 × as long as distal lobe of dorsal ligules, whereas in P. anderssoni they are 3.2 × longer; 4) in P. pseudocamiguina, the dorsal ligules in posterior chaetigers are longer than wide and with dorsal surface slightly convex; whereas in P. anderssoni, they are wider than long and with dorsal surface strongly convex. Finally, Hartman (1948), following Augener (1934), also considered N. minor Hansen, 1882 (type locality: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) as a probable junior synonym of P. anderssoni; the original description is succinct, but the illustrations included show the high similarities in the arrangement of paragnaths and the parapodia (probably from anterior chaetigers), so the synonymy with N. minor is retained until a further revision of type material. Liñero-Arana & Reyes-Vásquez (1979) reported P. anderssoni from Venezuela, but based on the redescription and the current description, there are key differences between Venezuelan specimens and P. anderssoni: 1) in Venezuelan specimens, numbers of paragnaths in some pharyngeal areas as follows: I = 10 – 18, II = 20 – 27, V = 1, whereas in P. anderssoni are as follows: I = 5, II = 11 – 12, V = 3; 2) in Venezuelan specimens, dorsal cirri in posterior chaetigers are 0.6 × as long as proximal lobes and 1.5 × as long as distal lobes of dorsal ligules, whereas in P. anderssoni, dorsal cirri are as long as proximal lobes and 3.2 × as long as distal lobes of dorsal ligules; 3) in Venezuelan specimens, the dorsal ligules are at least 3.5 × as long as median ligules and the ventral ligules are 2 – 4 × longer than neuroacicular ligules in posterior chaetigers, whereas in P. anderssoni, the dorsal ligules are 2.8 × as long as median ligules and ventral ligules are shorter than neuroacicular ligules. These specimens are closer to P. ponteni or P. bairdii than to P. anderssoni because of the large number of paragnaths in area I and a single paragnath in area V, recorded a couple of times (Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2002; Vanegas-Espinosa et al. 2007). The two Perinereis species described from Venezuela, P. mochimaensis Liñero-Arana, 1983 and P. cariacoensis Liñero-Arana, 1983, are also different, therefore Venezuelan specimens belong to another, undescribed species. Following Hartman (1948), Rioja (1960) reported P. anderssoni for Veracruz, Mexico but recognizing that the specimens are closer to P. ponteni. Key differences among these Mexican specimens and P. anderssoni are the following: 1) in Mexican specimens, area I has 10 – 12 cones and area V has 1 cone, whereas in P. anderssoni, area I has 5 cones and area V has 3 cones; 2) in Mexican specimens, antennae are 0.3 × as long as prostomium, whereas in P. anderssoni they are half as long; 3) in Mexican specimens, dorsal cirri in anterior chaetigers are shorter than distal lobes of dorsal ligules, whereas in P. anderssoni they are longer; 4) in Mexican specimens, dorsal cirri are 2 × as long as distal lobes of dorsal ligules and ventral ligules are 2.5 × as long as neuroacicular ligules in posterior chaetigers, whereas in P. anderssoni dorsal cirri are 3.2 × longer and the ventral ligules are shorter than. Salazar-Vallejo & Jiménez-Cueto (1997) reported P. anderssoni for the Mexican Caribbean, but these specimens differ from Brazilian ones in the following features: 1) in the Caribbean specimens, dorsal cirri are 1.4 × as long as distal lobes of dorsal ligules and median ligules are as long as neuroacicular ligules in anterior chaetigers, whereas in the Brazilian ones the dorsal cirri are 2.2 × longer and median ligules are subequal; 2) in the Caribbean specimens, dorsal cirri are 0.5 × as long as proximal lobes and as long as distal lobes of dorsal ligules in posterior chaetigers, whereas in the Brazilian ones the dorsal cirri are as long as proximal lobes and 3.2 × as long as distal lobes. Records of P. anderssoni in other Caribbean regions (e. g., Fauchald 1977; Ibárzabal 1986) deserve a new evaluation.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB202921FD8DFBBE9B79D1AC.taxon	distribution	Distribution Brazil.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB242936FDA1FC319B45D694.taxon	description	Figs 3 – 6, 13	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB242936FDA1FC319B45D694.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Lectotype (hereby designated) BERMUDA • 1 spec.; Bermuda; 1876; G. B. Goode leg.; USNM 4786. Paralectotypes (hereby designated) BERMUDA • 4 specs; Bermuda; 1876; G. B. Goode leg.; USNM 1660576. Additional material BERMUDA • 1 spec.; Bermuda, SW of Whalebone Bay; 17 Nov. 1979; M. L. Jones leg.; USNM 1480190 • 3 ♂♂; Bermuda, Ferry Reach; 11 Oct. 1982; Manning and Hart leg.; with night light; USNM 1480197 • 2 ♂♂; Bermuda, Ferry Reach; 9 Oct. 1982; Manning and Hart leg.; with night light; USNM 1480191.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB242936FDA1FC319B45D694.taxon	description	Description Atoke BODY AND MEASUREMENTS. Specimen designated as lectotype (USNM 4786) complete, 26 mm long, 1.7 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 64 chaetigers (Fig. 3 A – B). Specimens designated as paralectotypes (USNM 1660576) (Fig. 3 D – F) 4 complete, in good condition, largest paralectotype 48 mm long, 2 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 118 chaetigers. Additional non-type specimen (USNM 1480190) complete, in excellent conditions, 50 mm long, mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 77 chaetigers (Fig. 4 A – B). Pigmentation faded out in type and additional specimens. PROSTOMIUM. Subpyriform, as long as wide, anterior region distally entire, as long as posterior region, dorsal groove present (Figs 3 A, 4 A); anterolateral gap between antenna and palpophore as long as diameter of antennae (Figs 3 A, 4 A). ANTENNAE. Digitiform or subconical, not passing palps, 0.3 × as long as prostomium, gap between them as long as basal wide of antennae (Figs 3 A, 4 A). PALPS. Palpophores subconical, swollen, 1.2 × as long as wide, shorter than prostomium, subdistal transverse groove present (Figs 3 A, F, 4 A). Palpostyles rounded or digitiform (Figs 3 A, F, 4 A). EYES. Rounded, anterior and posterior pairs subequal, in trapezoidal arrangement, sometimes posterior pair partly covered by anterior margin of tentacular belt (Figs 3 A, 4 A). TENTACULAR BELT. 1.5 – 2.0 × as long as chaetiger 1, covering posterior pair of eyes, anterior dorsal margin straight and sometimes omega-shaped (Figs 3 A, E – F, 4 A). TENTACULAR CIRRI. Moniliform, not joint, basal segment largest, remaining ones decrease in size progressively toward distal end longest cirri reaching end of chaetigers 2 – 3 (Figs 3 A, F, 4 A). PHARYNX. Everted in both types and additional material; jaws brown, cutting edge with 8 – 11 teeth (Figs 3 D, 5 E), proximal ones sometimes ensheathed (Fig. 4 E). Maxillary ring: I = 7 cones in triangle (5 – 18); II = 15 – 16 cones in arc (11 – 28); III = 6 in ellipse (6 – 22); IV = 21 – 24 cones in triangle (14 – 52) (Figs 3 C, E – F). Oral ring: V = 1 cone (0 – 1); VI = 1 – 1 smooth bar (1 – 1); VII – VIII = 39 cones (33 – 39) in two bands: anterior band with 10 paragnaths in furrow row with 1 cone on the regions a – e, and 11 paragnaths in ridge row with 1 cone on the regions A – F; posterior band with 18 paragnaths in a single ridge row with two cones on the regions A – E (Figs 3 C, E – F, 13). Furrow pattern of areas VI – V – VI, λ-shaped (Figs 3 A, 13). DORSAL CIRRI. Digitiform in first chaetigers, subconical with blunt tip thereafter, attached basally to dorsal ligule in anteriormost chaetigers, medially in middle chaetigers, and subdistally in posterior chaetigers (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K); 1 × length of distal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetigers 1 – 2, 1.2 × as long as in chaetigers 10 – 34, 1 × in chaetigers 41 – 59, 1.7 × in chaetiger 72 (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K); 4 × than proximal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetigers 1 – 2, 1.5 × in chaetigers 10 – 11, 1.2 × in chaetigers 21 – 41, 0.58 × length in chaetigers 57 – 59, 0.3 × in chaetiger 72 (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K). DORSAL LIGULES. Subconical with blunt tip in anterior and middle chaetigers, becoming pennant-like toward posterior chaetigers, with distal lobes longer than proximal ones in first chaetigers, becoming as long as in anterior chaetigers, and shorter than in middle and posterior chaetigers (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K). Distal lobe of dorsal ligule lanceolate with blunt tip in anterior chaetigers, subconical thereafter; 1.6 × as long as median ligule in chaetiger 10 – 11, 1.8 × in chaetigers 21 – 41, 3.4 × length in chaetigers 57 – 59, 3.3 × in chaetiger 72 (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K). MEDIAN LIGULES. Digitiform in anterior chaetigers, becoming subconical with blunt tip thereafter (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K); 2.4 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 10 – 11, 1.8 × in chaetiger 21 – 34, 1.5 × in chaetiger 41, 2.5 × in chaetigers 57 – 59, 1.8 × in chaetiger 72 (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K). NEUROACICULAR LIGULES. Subconical throughout (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K); 0.6 × length of ventral ligule in chaetigers 1 – 2, 1 × in chaetigers 10 – 41, 0.8 × length in chaetiger 57 – 72 (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K). NEUROPODIAL SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR LOBES. Present in anterior and middle chaetigers, both rounded, inferior one wider than superior one throughout (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K). NEUROPODIAL POSTCHAETAL LOBES. Rounded, half as long as neuroacicular ligule throughout. VENTRAL LIGULES. Digitiform throughout (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K). VENTRAL CIRRI. Digitiform throughout, becoming narrower toward posterior chaetigers (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K); 0.7 × length of ventral ligule in chaetigers 1 – 11, 0.4 × in chaetigers 21 – 34, 0.7 × in chaetigers 41 – 72 (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K). ACICULAE. Amber or dark brown throughout (Figs 3 G – J, 4 F – K); notoaciculae absent in first two chaetigers (Figs 3 G, 4 F). NOTOCHAETAE. All homogomph symmetrical spinigers. Blades of spinigers with pectinate, minute teeth, teeth decreasing in size toward distal end. NEUROCHAETAE. Homogomph symmetrical spinigers and heterogomph falcigers in supra-acicular fascicles, heterogomph spinigers and falcigers in sub-acicular fascicles. Neuropodial homogomph and heterogomph spinigers with blades as notopodial ones. Heterogomph falcigers pectinate, narrow teeth, two third of inner edge of blade dentate, distal tips stout (Fig. 4 C – D); shafts of supra-acicular falcigers stouter than in sub-acicular ones (Fig. 4 C – D). PYGIDIUM. Crenulated (Figs 3 B, 4 B); anal cirri subulate, as long as last 3 – 4 chaetigers (Figs 3 B, 4 B). Male BODY AND MEASUREMENTS. Three specimens (USNM 1480197) complete, in excellent conditions, specimen used for description 15 mm long, 1.2 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 78 chaetigers (Fig. 5 A). Pigmentation present in anterior end, brown pigment in prostomium and tentacular belt; two transverse, parallel lines of brown pigment in lateral margins of chaetigers 1 – 13 (Fig. 5 A – C). PROSTOMIUM. As long as wide, subpentagonal, anterior margin directed downward, dorsal groove present (Fig. 5 A – C). ANTENNAE. Subconical with sharp tip, oriented downward, not extending beyond palps (Fig. 5 A – C). PALPS. Palpophores ovoid, swollen, 1.2 × as long as wide, shorter than prostomium, subdistal transverse groove present (Fig. 5 C). Palpostyles rounded. EYES. Black, rounded, subequal, in rectangular arrangement, anterior and posterior pairs overlapped, lenses visible, posterior pair not covered by tentacular belt (Fig. 5 A – C). TENTACULAR BELT. As long as chaetiger 1, with straight anterior margin (Fig. 5 A – C). TENTACULAR CIRRI. Smooth, cirrophores conspicuous, longest cirri extending backwards up to chaetiger 3 (Fig. 5 A – C). PHARYNX. Dissected (Fig. 5 E); jaws brown, cutting edge with 7 – 8 rounded teeth (Fig. 6 A). Maxillary ring: I = 7 cones in triangle; II = 17 – 16 cones in arc; III = 21 cones in ellipse; IV = 27 – 23 cones in triangle (Fig. 5 E). Oral ring: V = 1 cone; VI = 1 – 1 smooth bar; VII – VIII = 37 cones in two bands: anterior band with 10 paragnaths in furrow row with 1 cone on the regions a – e, and 11 paragnaths in ridge row with 1 cone on the regions A – F; posterior band with 16 paragnaths in a single ridge row with 2 cones on the regions A – D and 1 cone on the regions E (Fig. 5 E). Furrow pattern of areas VI – V – VI, λ-shaped. BODY REGIONS. Two regions: 1) pre-natatory region includes chaetigers 1 – 13, subdivided into two subregions: a) dorsal cirri in chaetigers 1 – 7 and ventral cirri in chaetigers 1 – 5 pyriform or cattail-like, and 2) chaetigers 8 – 13 with both dorsal and ventral cirri cirriform; 2) natatory region includes chaetigers 14 to end of body, chaetiger 14 with upper lamella in dorsal cirrus and both upper and lower lamellae in ventral cirrus, in chaetiger 15 and remaining ones also appear lower lamella in dorsal cirrus, a lamella below median ligule, ventral lamella and a basal, dorsal protrusion in neuropodial ventral ligules. PRE- NATATORY REGION. Parapodia resembling atokous ones (Fig. 6 B – E). Dorsal cirrus pyriform in chaetigers 1 – 3, cattail-like in chaetiger 4 – 7, and filiform in remaining chaetigers (Fig. 6 B – E); 2 × as long as distal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 2, 2.7 × in chaetiger 3, 2.0 × in chaetigers 7 and 10 (Fig. 6 B – E); 2.6 × as long as proximal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 2, 2.9 × in chaetiger 3, 2.4 × in chaetiger 7, 1.5 × in chaetiger 10 (Fig. 6 B – E). Dorsal ligule digitiform in first chaetigers, becoming subconical toward posterior ones; distal lobe of dorsal ligule 1 × length of median ligule in chaetiger 3, 1.5 × in chaetiger 7, 1.5 × in chaetiger 10 (Fig. 6 B – E). Median ligule digitiform throughout; 2.3 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 3, 1.7 × in chaetiger 7, 1.5 × in chaetiger 10 (Fig. 6 B – E). Neuroacicular ligule subconical throughout; 1.7 × as long as ventral ligule in chaetiger 2, 0.8 × length in chaetiger 3, 1.2 × in chaetiger 7, 1.3 × in chaetiger 10 (Fig. 6 B – E). Neuropodial superior and inferior lobes rounded, inferior one longer and wider than superior one throughout (Fig. 6 B – E); neuropodial postchaetal lobe rounded, half as long as neuroacicular ligule (Fig. 6 B – E). Ventral ligule digitiform throughout; 0.7 × length of ventral cirrus in chaetiger 2, 1 × in chaetiger 3, 1.3 × in chaetigers 7 and 10 (Fig. 6 B – E). Ventral cirrus pyriform in chaetigers 1 – 5, filiform thereafter (Fig. 6 B – E). NATATORY REGION. Parapodia distinct from atokous ones (Fig. 6 F – J). Dorsal cirrus filiform, crenulations present from chaetiger 15, decreasing in size and number toward posterior chaetigers until disappear (Fig. 6 F – J); 1.5 × as long as distal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 14, 2 × in chaetiger 15, 1.6 × in chaetiger 30, 1.2 × in chaetiger 50, 1.2 × in chaetiger 72 (Fig. 6 F – J). Upper lamella of dorsal cirrus present since chaetiger 14, flabellate throughout, larger in middle chaetigers, 0.7 × length of dorsal cirrus in chaetiger 30 (Fig. 6 F – J); ventral lamella after chaetiger 15, flabellate and smaller than upper lamella of dorsal cirrus throughout (Fig. 6 G – J). Dorsal ligule subconical in chaetiger 14, digitiform thereafter, becoming narrower toward posterior chaetigers (Fig. 6 F – J); distal lobe of dorsal ligule 2.7 × as long as median ligule in chaetiger 14, 0.7 × in chaetiger 15, 1 × in chaetigers 30 – 50, 1.2 × in chaetiger 72 (Fig. 6 F – J). Notopodial prechaetal lobe rounded, lamelliform, present since chaetiger 15 (Fig. 6 G – J); 0.5 × length of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 15, 0.3 × in chaetigers 30 – 72 (Fig. 6 G – J). Median ligule digitiform throughout, becoming narrower toward posterior chaetigers (Fig. 6 F – J); 1.4 × as long as neuroacicular ligules in chaetigers 15 – 50, 1.8 × in chaetiger 72 (Fig. 6 F – J); small basal lamella of median ligule present since chaetiger 15, flabellate throughout (Fig. 6 G – J). Neuroacicular ligule subconical in chaetiger 14, digitiform thereafter (Fig. 6 F – J), superior and inferior lobes absent; 1.2 × as long as ventral ligule in chaetiger 14, 2 × in chaetiger 15, 1.2 × in chaetigers 30 – 50, 0.8 × in chaetiger 72 (Fig. 6 F – J). Neuropodial postchaetal lobe rounded in chaetiger 14, transformed into broad flabellate ventral lamella with a basal, dorsal protrusion thereafter (Fig. 6 F – J); 2 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 15, 2.5 – 3 × in chaetigers 30 – 50, 2 × in chaetiger 75 (Fig. 6 G – J). Ventral ligule subconical in chaetiger 14, and digitiform with a small basal, dorsal lobe thereafter (Fig. 6 F – J); 0.7 × length of ventral cirrus in chaetigers 14 – 15, 1 × in chaetigers 30 – 50, 1.2 × in chaetiger 72 (Fig. 6 F – J). Ventral cirrus filiform throughout (Fig. 6 F – J); upper lamella divided in two subequal, digitiform lobes (Fig. 6 F – J); lower lamella flabellate, 2 – 3 × as wide as upper ones throughout (Fig. 6 F – J). ACICULAE. Basally amber and distally dark brown, amber region enlarges toward posterior chaetigers (Fig. 6 B – J). Notoaciculae absent in first two chaetigers (Fig. 6 B), proximal end rectangular in nonnatatory region and becoming flabellate in natatory one. NOTO- AND NEUROCHAETAE. Resembling atokous ones in non-natatory region, replaced with paddle-like, heterogomph chaetae with short bosses in natatory region (Fig. 6 B – J). PYGIDIUM. Crenulated, with a rosette of papillae formed by two or three rows of papillae (Fig. 5 D); anal cirrus as long as last 4 – 5 chaetigers (Fig. 5 D).	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB242936FDA1FC319B45D694.taxon	discussion	Remarks Webster (1884) did not indicate where the type series was deposited. USNM records state that a group of specimens called ‘ Annelids collected in Bermuda in 1876 - 7 ’ was received from the Wesleyan University as a gift, entered in the Worm catalog in February 1890 with the accession number 22885, and assigned catalog number USNM 4786 for the 9 syntypes of ‘ Nereis bairdii n. sp. ’ (K. Ahlfeld, USNM, pers. com.). The original description of Webster (1884) is detailed, including the illustrations of the pharynx and parapodia from several regions of the body. Remarkably, Webster described two recently revised pharyngeal features: the description of the shape of areas VI as “ which have straight inner margins ” (Webster 1884), i. e., the pattern of areas V – VI – V, and the description of the disposition of the paragnaths in areas VII – VIII into discrete regions, i. e., furrow and ridge regions of areas VII – VIII (Conde-Vela 2018; Villalobos-Guerrero 2019). As outlined above, two different morphological patterns were observed in the syntypes of N. bairdii. For the discussion in the following paragraphs, specimens with short tentacular cirri, several paragnaths in areas VII – VIII, and large dorsal ligules in posterior chaetigers are referred to as ‘ sp. 1 ’; and specimens with long tentacular cirri, a smaller number of paragnaths in areas VII – VIII, and short dorsal ligules in posterior chaetigers are referred to as ‘ sp. 2 ’. There are some indications that Webster described Nereis bairdii using several specimens because features from the two morphological patterns are mixed in the description. Webster (1884: fig. 22) detailed an anterior end with long posterodorsal tentacular cirri, which was also included in the description: “ Tentacular cirri … the posterior superior longest, reaching back to the eighth segment … ”, which matches with sp. 2. Webster (1884) described the arrangement of paragnaths but the number of paragnaths in most areas was not detailed, but they can be traced from his figures 22 a and 23. The area I was depicted with 7 paragnaths, which matches with sp. 1, although the number of paragnaths in areas II – IV lies between the range of variation of sp. 1 and sp. 2. Webster (1884) described the presence of 0 – 3 paragnaths in area V, but all syntypes examined have 0 – 1 paragnaths in such area. Webster (1884) described areas VII – VIII as follows: “ vii and viii in two series, the anterior composed of a few denticles, the posterior more numerous and smaller ”, which could refer to both sp. 1 and sp. 2, but the figure (Webster 1884: fig. 23) clearly shows an anterior band with a furrow row, which is absent in sp. 2. Therefore, the pharynx depicted and described (Webster 1884) belongs to a specimen from sp. 1. Webster (1884) described the parapodia of his new species in a paragraph and depicted them in figures 24, 25, and 26. At the end of this paragraph, Webster mentioned that “ other specimens, certainly belonging to this species, have the feet more delicate, the dorsal and ventral cirri a trifle longer. (figs 24 a, 26 a.) ”. Webster described the dorsal ligules as follows: “ The superior lingula is enlarged (fig. 25), the dorsal cirrus moves nearer the apex of its lingula, and on the extreme posterior feet becomes a little more delicate (fig. 26) ”; figure 26 shows a posterior parapodium with dorsal ligule several times longer than median ligule and ventral ligule slightly longer than neuroacicular ligule. Conversely, posterior parapodium depicted from ‘ other specimens’ (Webster 1884: fig. 26 a) shows dorsal ligule faintly longer than median ligule and ventral ligule shorter than neuroacicular ligule. Therefore, the former parapodial description is from sp. 1, whereas the illustrations of the ‘ other specimens’ match with sp. 2. The chaetae described are a notopodial homogomph spiniger and a neuropodial heterogomph falciger, but both drawings are very schematic and match either sp. 1 or sp. 2. Finally, Webster (1884) described anal cirri as long as last ten chaetigers, matching with sp. 2. All these pieces of information point to the fact that Webster used more than one specimen from the syntypes when describing Nereis bairdii: descriptions of pharynx and parapodia refer to sp. 1, whereas the descriptions of the anterior end, additional illustrations of the parapodia, and the anal cirri, refer to sp. 2. Despite the mix of features in the original description, the idea that Nereis bairdii has short tentacular cirri and enlarged dorsal ligules in posterior chaetigers, i. e., corresponding with sp. 1, prevailed among the contemporary authors, explaining the synonymy of Nereis bairdii with P. anderssoni because they have a very similar morphology. For example, Augener (1927) reported Nereis (Perinereis) bairdii for Curaçao, and proposed the synonymy of Nereis (Perinereis) melanocephala McIntosh, 1885 with this species, a species from Bermuda with tentacular cirri reaching to chaetiger 3 and dorsal ligules enlarged in posterior chaetigers; posteriorly, Augener (1936) reported the species for Bonaire. Monro (1933 b) transferred N. bairdii to Perinereis and retained the synonymy proposed by Augener (1927). Later, Hartman (1944) examined the type material of P. anderssoni and concluded that Nereis bairdii and N. melanocephala are junior synonyms and maintained this viewpoint in subsequent works (Hartman 1948, 1951). Hartman (1951) reported P. anderssoni for the Gulf of Mexico (and including N. bairdii as a junior synonym) and highlighted that the species “ is readily identified for having posterior notopodial lobes much prolonged … ”, which is reinforced when describing P. floridana some paragraphs below as “ … posterior parapodial lobes are short, resembling those of median segments and are thus not be confused with those of P. anderssoni (see above). ”. Other records of P. anderssoni retained the synonymy of N. melanocephala but not mentioned N. bairdii (e. g., Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2002). With all these pieces of information, it is concluded that the name Nereis bairdii is represented with specimens of sp. 1 and that specimens of sp. 2 are not N. bairdii, so the split of the syntypes is required. To redefine Nereis bairdii and to preserve the stability of the name and its application through time (ICZN 1999, Recomm. 74 A), specimens of sp. 1 were selected lectotype and paralectotypes; the terms lectotype and paralectotypes have been stated in the material examined and in the description of P. bairdii, they have been described and illustrated and their data updated for its recognition (ICZN 1999, Art. 74.7, Recomm. 74 A – G). Specimens of sp. 2 are shown to be an undescribed species and are identified as the new species, Perinereis websteri sp. nov. The synonymy of Nereis (Perinereis) melanocephala with P. bairdii is retained here. Nereis (Perinereis) melanocephala was described from Bermuda from a single specimen (McIntosh 1885), and based on the original description, it agrees with P. bairdii in most features, the following being the most relevant ones: 1) anterior end with brown pigment, 2) tentacular cirri reaching chaetiger 3, 3) tentacular belt twice longer than chaetiger 1, 4) arrangement of paragnaths are almost identical and especially the size of smooth bars in areas VI, 5) dorsal ligules 2 – 3 × longer than median ligules, 6) dorsal cirri not extending beyond the tip of the distal lobe of dorsal ligules in posterior chaetigers, 7) ventral ligules longer than neuroacicular ligules in posterior chaetigers. Conversely, there are several differences between Perinereis bairdii and P. anderssoni: 1) in P. anderssoni, the pattern of areas V – VI – V is Π- shaped, whereas in P. bairdii it is λ- shaped; 2) in P. anderssoni, the area V has 3 paragnaths in a triangle and are not horizontally aligned with smooth bars in areas VI but they are posteriorly displaced, whereas P. bairdii has 0 – 1 cones that are horizontally aligned with smooth bars; 3) in P. anderssoni, the smooth bars in areas VI are half as long as wide in area VI, whereas in P. bairdii they are almost as long as; 4) in P. anderssoni, the posterior band has one furrow and one ridge row, whereas in P. bairdii has a single ridge row only; 5) in P. anderssoni, there are 13 ridge regions (A – G) in areas VII – VIII, whereas in P. bairdii there are 11 ridge regions (A – F); 6) in P. anderssoni, the dorsal and ventral ligules in first two chaetigers are subconical, whereas in P. bairdii they are globose; 7) in P. anderssoni the dorsal cirri are longer than dorsal ligules in anterior chaetigers and becoming shorter toward posterior ones, whereas in P. bairdii they are shorter than dorsal ligules throughout body; 8) in P. anderssoni, the neuropodial heterogomph falcigers are stouter and the length of inner margin edentate is longer than in P. bairdii. It seems reasonable to assume that most reports of Perinereis anderssoni from the Caribbean Sea represent P. bairdii, but it is unclear. For example, P. anderssoni from Venezuelan coasts (Liñero-Arana & Reyes- Vásquez 1979; Díaz-Díaz & Liñero-Arana 2002; Vanegas-Espinosa et al. 2007) differs from P. bairdii in the following features: 1) in Venezuelan specimens, there are 46 – 85 paragnaths in area III, whereas in P. bairdii they are 6 – 22 paragnaths; 2) in Venezuelan specimens, dorsal cirri in posterior chaetigers are 0.6 × as long as proximal lobes and are 1.5 × as long as distal lobes of dorsal ligules, whereas in P. bairdii, dorsal cirri are 0.3 × as long as proximal lobes and are 1.7 × as long as distal lobes of dorsal ligules; 3) in Venezuelan specimens, the dorsal ligules are at least 3.5 × as long as the median ligules and the ventral ligules are 2 – 4 × longer than the neuroacicular ligules in posterior chaetigers, whereas in P. bairdii, the dorsal ligules are 3.3 × as long as the median ligules and the ventral ligules are 1.2 × than the neuroacicular ligules. A record of P. anderssoni from the Mexican Caribbean (Salazar-Vallejo & Jiménez-Cueto 1997) differs from P. bairdii in the following features: 1) in Caribbean specimens, the dorsal cirri are 1.4 × as long as the distal lobes of the dorsal ligules and the median ligules are as long as the neuroacicular ligules in anterior chaetigers, whereas in P. bairdii the dorsal cirri are 1.2 × longer and the median ligules are 2.4 × longer; 2) in Caribbean specimens, the dorsal cirri are 0.5 × as long as proximal lobes and as long as distal lobes of dorsal ligules in posterior chaetigers, whereas in P. bairdii the dorsal cirri are 0.3 × as long as the proximal lobes and are 1.7 × as long as the distal lobes. Further studies will clarify whether records of P. anderssoni from the Gulf of Mexico and the Mexican Caribbean, and other regions of the Caribbean Sea, are different species.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB242936FDA1FC319B45D694.taxon	distribution	Distribution Bermuda.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB332932FDC5FB499B45D58A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 F 30 E 930 - AAA 6 - 4 F 85 - 810 A- 76 EEB 08070 C 9 Figs 7 – 9, 13	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB332932FDC5FB499B45D58A.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named after Harrison Edwin Webster, as a tribute to his work on polychaete taxonomy and studying the nereidid species reviewed here.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB332932FDC5FB499B45D58A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BERMUDA • 1 spec.; Bermuda, Jews Bay, Public Wharf, near Waterlot Inn; 26 Nov. 1976; M. L. Jones leg.; intertidal sand; USNM 1490807. Paratypes BERMUDA • 6 specs; same data as for holotype; USNM 1490808 • 2 specs; Bermuda, S side of Ferry Reach, ½ mile along Kindley Field Road; 23 Nov. 1976; intertidal, rock / mud; USNM 1490809. Additional material BERMUDA • 1 spec.; Bermuda, Bay E of BBS; 25 Sep. 1982; 0.75 m depth; M. L. Jones, GJ leg.; associated with red mangrove roots; 32 ppt; USNM 1490804 • 2 specs; Bermuda, ½ mile along Kindley Field Road, S side of Ferry Reach; 23 Nov. 1976; intertidal, rock / mud; USNM 1490805 • 8 specs; Bermuda, between Ferry Reach and St Georges Harbor, S of Stokes Pt; 21 Sep. 1982; 1 m depth; M. L. Jones, G. J. leg.; from gravel; 32 ppt; USNM 1490806 • 4 specs; Bermuda; 1876; G. B. Goode leg.; USNM 1660577 (syntypes of Nereis bairdii removed from USNM 4786).	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB332932FDC5FB499B45D58A.taxon	description	Type locality Jews Bay, Bermuda. Description BODY AND MEASUREMENTS. Holotype (USNM 1490807) complete, 35 mm long, 1.4 mm wide at chaetiger 10, 87 chaetigers (Fig. 8 A). Two paratypes (USNM 1490809) in good conditions; one paratype complete, 75 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at chaetiger 10, 104 chaetigers; another paratype incomplete, 67 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at chaetiger 10, 83 chaetigers. Non-type material from syntypes of Nereis bairdii (USNM 1660577), one specimen dissected, 35 mm long, 1.6 mm wide at chaetiger 10, 90 chaetigers. Pigmentation not observed in all specimens (Figs 7 – 8). PROSTOMIUM. Subpentagonal, as long as wide, anterior region distally entire, as long as posterior region, dorsal groove present (Figs 7 A – B, 8 F); anterolateral gap between antenna and palpophore as long as diameter of antennae (Figs 7 A – B, 8 F). ANTENNAE. Cirriform, not passing palps, half as long as prostomium, gap between them as long as basal wide of antennae (Figs 7 A – B, 8 F). PALPS. Palpophores subconical, swollen, 1.2 × as long as wide, as long as prostomium, subdistal transverse groove present (Figs 7 A – B, 8 F). Palpostyles digitiform (Fig. 7 A – B). EYES. Rounded, anterior and posterior pairs subequal, in trapezoidal arrangement, posterior pair not covered by anterior margin of tentacular belt (Figs 7 A – B, 8 F). TENTACULAR BELT. 1.5 × as long as chaetiger 1, covering posterior pair of eyes, anterior dorsal margin omega-shaped (Figs 7 A – B, 8 F). TENTACULAR CIRRI. Smooth, longest cirri reaching end of chaetiger 7 (Figs 7 A – B, 8 F). PHARYNX. Dissected in holotype, everted in paratypes and non-type specimens (Figs 7 C – D, 8 B – C, H) and in non-types (Fig. 8 D – E); jaws brown, 10 teeth with truncate tips (Fig. 9 I). Maxillary ring: I = 3 cones (3 – 11); II = 10 – 9 cones (8 – 19) in arc; III = 9 cones (8 – 13), 7 in a central ellipse and one cone at each lateral side of the ellipse; IV = 18 – 19 cones (18 – 27) in arc (Figs 7 C – D, 8 B – E). Oral ring: V = 1 cone (1 – 1) displaced toward posterior margin of ring; VI = 1 – 1 smooth bar (1 – 1), rarely 4 – 6 paragnaths behind each bar; VII – VIII = 16 cones (10 – 16) in two bands: anterior band with one furrow row with 6 cones with 1 cone on the regions a – c; second band with one furrow row with 4 cones with 1 in each regions a – b, and one ridge row with 6 cones, 2 cones in region A and 1 cone in each regions B – C (Figs 7 C – D, 8 B – E, H, 13). Furrow pattern of areas VI – V – VI, λ-shaped (Figs 7 D, 8 B, D, 13). DORSAL CIRRI. Digitiform in first chaetigers, subconical with blunt tip thereafter; attached basally to dorsal ligule in anteriormost chaetigers, medially in middle chaetigers, and subdistally in posterior chaetigers (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H); 1.2 × as long as distal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 2, 1.4 × in chaetigers 10 – 50, 1.8 × in chaetigers 70 – 75, 2.5 × in chaetigers 82 – 100 (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H); 3.7 × as long as proximal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 2, 5 × in chaetigers 10 – 31, 1.5 × in chaetigers 50 – 75, 1.2 × in chaetigers 82 – 100 (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H). DORSAL LIGULES. Subconical with blunt tip in anterior and middle chaetigers, becoming pennant-like toward posterior chaetigers, with distal lobes longer than proximal ones in first chaetigers, becoming as long as in anterior chaetigers, and shorter than in middle and posterior chaetigers (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H). Distal lobe of dorsal ligule subconical with blunt tip throughout; 2 × as long as median ligule in chaetigers 10 – 31, 1.2 × in chaetiger 50, 2 × in chaetigers 70 – 75, 1 × in chaetiger 82, 2 × in chaetiger 100 (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H). MEDIAN LIGULES. Digitiform in anterior chaetigers, becoming subconical with blunt tip thereafter (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H); 2.5 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 10, 1.8 × in chaetiger 31, 2 × in chaetigers 50 – 82, 1.3 × in chaetiger 100 (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H). NEUROACICULAR LIGULES. Subconical throughout (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H); 0.5 × length of ventral ligule in chaetiger 2, 1 × in chaetigers 10 – 70, 1.5 × in chaetiger 75 – 82, 2 × in chaetiger 100 (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H). NEUROPODIAL SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR LOBES. Present in anterior chaetigers, both rounded, inferior one wider than superior one throughout (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H). NEUROPODIAL POSTCHAETAL LOBES. Rounded, half as long as neuroacicular ligule throughout. VENTRAL LIGULES. Digitiform throughout (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H). Ventral cirrus subconical with blunt tips throughout (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H); 1 × length of ventral ligule in chaetiger 2, 0.8 × in chaetiger 10, 0.6 × in chaetigers 31 – 50, 1 × in chaetigers 70 – 75, 1.2 × in chaetiger 82, 1.5 × in chaetiger 100 (Figs 7 E – H, 9 A – H). NOTOCHAETAE. All homogomph symmetrical spinigers. Blades of spinigers with pectinate, minute teeth, teeth decreasing in size toward distal end. NEUROCHAETAE. Homogomph symmetrical spinigers and heterogomph falcigers in supra-acicular fascicles, heterogomph spinigers and falcigers in sub-acicular fascicles. Neuropodial homogomph and heterogomph spinigers with blades as notopodial ones. Heterogomph falcigers pectinate, narrow teeth, three quarter of inner edge of blade dentate, distal tips stout (Fig. 9 J – N); shafts of supra-acicular falcigers stouter than in sub-acicular ones (Fig. 9 J – N). PYGIDIUM. Crenulated, funnel-shaped (Fig. 8 G); anal cirri subulate, as long as last 10 chaetigers (Fig. 8 G).	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB332932FDC5FB499B45D58A.taxon	discussion	Remarks Perinereis websteri sp. nov. is a sympatric species that co-occurs with P. bairdii in Bermuda. As discussed above, the type series of Nereis bairdii had two morphological patterns, and one of them belongs to P. websteri sp. nov.; the differences between them were discussed in the remarks of P. bairdii. Perinereis websteri sp. nov. resembles P. floridana (Ehlers, 1868) by having long tentacular cirri, dorsal ligules with similar development along body, and the shape of neuropodial heterogomph falcigers, but there are relevant differences among their atokes: 1) in P. websteri sp. nov., the anterior and posterior regions of the prostomium are subequal, whereas in P. floridana the anterior region is 1.7 × as long as the posterior one; 2) in P. websteri sp. nov., the anterior margin of tentacular belt is omega-shaped, whereas in P. floridana it is straight; 3) in P. websteri sp. nov., areas VI sometimes can have conical paragnaths, whereas in P. floridana there are smooth bars only; 4) in P. websteri sp. nov., there are no paragnaths in ridge regions D and furrow regions c – d of the posterior band in the areas VII – VIII, whereas in P. floridana they are present in regions D and sometimes present in regions c – d; 5) In P. websteri sp. nov., the dorsal cirri are 1.4 × as long as distal lobes of dorsal ligules in middle chaetigers and 2.5 × in posterior chaetigers, whereas in P. floridana they are 0.8 – 0.9 × longer in middle and posterior chaetigers; 6) in P. websteri sp. nov., the dorsal cirri are 1.2 × as long as proximal lobes in posterior chaetigers, whereas in P. floridana they are 0.8 – 0.9 x; 7) in P. websteri sp. nov., the dorsal ligules are 2 × as long as median ligules in posterior chaetigers, whereas in P. floridana they are 2.4 × longer; 8) in P. websteri sp. nov., the neuroacicular ligules are 1.5 – 2.0 × as long as ventral ligules in posterior chaetigers; whereas in P. floridana they are 0.8 × as long; 9) in P. websteri sp. nov., the ventral cirri are 1.0 – 1.2 × as long as ventral ligules in posterior chaetigers, whereas in P. floridana they are 0.7 × as long.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB332932FDC5FB499B45D58A.taxon	distribution	Distribution Bermuda.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB35293AFDFAFE9F9841D447.taxon	description	Figs 1, 10 – 11, 13	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB35293AFDFAFE9F9841D447.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Syntypes UNITES STATES OF AMERICA • 11 ♂♂; Florida, Charlotte Harbor, Captiva Key; G. W. Wurdemann leg.; MCZ ANNa- 119. Additional material examined UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • 1 spec.; Florida, Charlotte County, Lemon Bay; 26 ° 54 ′ 50 ″ N, 82 ° 20 ′ 26 ″ W; 11 Jan. 1938; O. Hartman leg.; LACM-AHF 7377 • 3 specs; same collection data as for preceding; 14 Jan. 1938; O. Hartman leg.; LACM-AHF 7376. MEXICO • 16 specs; Yucatan, Isla Cerritos; 18 Jan. 1991; Sergio I. Salazar-Vallejo leg.; ECOSUR P 1100 • 1 spec.; Quintana Roo, Isla Contoy; 11 Oct. 1993; Sergio I. Salazar-Vallejo leg.; ECOSUR P 1112.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB35293AFDFAFE9F9841D447.taxon	description	Description Epitoke BODY AND MEASUREMENTS. Syntypes (MCZ ANNa- 119) heteronereis males complete, in good conditions, one selected for description, 32 mm long, 3 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 110 chaetigers (Fig. 10 A). Pigmentation not observed in all specimens (Fig. 10 A). PROSTOMIUM. Subpentagonal, 1.5 × as wide as long, anterior region distally entire, shorter than posterior region, dorsal groove present (Fig. 10 B); anterolateral gap between antenna and palpophore 1.5 × as long as diameter of antennae (Fig. 10 B). ANTENNAE. Cirriform, not passing palps, half as long as prostomium, gap between them as long as basal wide of antennae (Fig. 10 B). PALPS. Palpophores subconical, swollen, 1.6 × as wide as long, shorter than prostomium, subdistal transverse groove present (Fig. 10 B). Palpostyles rounded. EYES. Rounded, anterior and posterior pairs subequal, in rectangular arrangement, anterior and posterior pair overlapped, posterior pair not covered by anterior margin of tentacular belt (Fig. 10 B). TENTACULAR BELT. As long as chaetiger 1, anterior dorsal margin omega-shaped (Fig. 10 B). TENTACULAR CIRRI. Smooth, cirrophores conspicuous, longest cirri extending backwards up to end of chaetiger 7 (Fig. 10 B). PHARYNX. Everted (Fig. 10 B); jaws brown, 7 – 8 teeth, proximal ones ensheathed (Fig. 10 C – D). Maxillary ring: I = 2 cones in a vertical row; II = 6 – 7 cones in arc; III = 9 cones, 7 in a central ellipse and one cone at each lateral side of the ellipse; IV = 13 – 14 cones in arc (Fig. 10 C – D). Oral ring: V = 1 cone displaced toward posterior margin of ring; VI = 1 – 1 smooth bar; VII – VIII = 24 cones in two bands: anterior band with one furrow row with 6 cones with 1 cone on the regions a – c, and 1 cone in ridge region A; second band with one furrow row with 8 cones with 1 cone on the regions a – d, and one ridge row with 9 cones, 3 cones in region A and 1 cone in each regions B – D (Figs 10 C – D, 13); rarely anterior and posterior bands very close to each other (Fig. 10 D). Furrow pattern of areas VI – V – VI, λ-shaped (Figs 10 C, 13). BODY REGIONS. Two regions: 1) pre-natatory region includes chaetigers 1 – 17, subdivided into two subregions: a) dorsal cirri in chaetigers 1 – 7 and ventral cirri in chaetigers 1 – 5 pyriform or cattail-like, and 2) chaetigers 8 – 17 with both dorsal and ventral cirri cirriform; 2) natatory region includes chaetigers 18 to end of body, chaetiger 18 with upper lamella in dorsal cirrus and both upper and lower lamellae in ventral cirrus, in chaetiger 19 and remaining ones also appear lower lamella in dorsal cirrus, a lamella below median ligule, ventral lamella and a basal, dorsal protrusion in neuropodial ventral ligules. PRE- NATATORY REGION. Parapodia resembling atokous ones (Fig. 10 I – L). Dorsal cirrus cattail-like in chaetigers 1 – 7, filiform thereafter (Fig. 10 I – L); 1.5 × as long as distal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetigers 2 – 17 (Fig. 10 I – L); 3.2 × as long as proximal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 2, 2.3 × in chaetiger 6, 2 × in chaetigers 10 – 17. Dorsal ligule digitiform in first chaetiger, becoming subconical with blunt tip toward posterior ones; distal lobe of dorsal ligule 1.3 × as long as median ligule in chaetigers 6 – 10, 1.6 × in chaetiger 17 (Fig. 10 I – L). Median ligule subconical with blunt tip throughout; 3 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 6, 3.5 × in chaetigers 10 – 17 (Fig. 10 I – L). Neuroacicular ligule subconical with blunt tip throughout. Neuropodial superior and inferior lobes rounded, inferior one longer and wider than superior one throughout (Fig. 10 I – L); neuropodial postchaetal lobe rounded, half as long as neuroacicular ligule. Ventral ligule digitiform throughout; 1.4 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 2, 1.8 × in chaetigers 6 – 10, 1.4 × in chaetiger 17 (Fig. 10 I – L). Ventral cirrus cattail-like in chaetigers 1 – 5, filiform thereafter; 0.7 × length of ventral ligule throughout (Fig. 10 I – L). NATATORY REGION. Parapodia distinct from atokous ones (Fig. 10 M – O). Dorsal cirrus filiform, crenulations present from chaetiger 18, decreasing in size and number toward posterior chaetigers until disappear (Fig. 10 M – O); 1.7 × as long as distal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 18, 1.4 × in chaetiger 40, 1 × in chaetiger 95 (Fig. 10 M – O). Upper lamella of dorsal cirrus present since chaetiger 18, flabellate throughout, larger in middle chaetigers, as long as dorsal cirrus in chaetiger 40 (Fig. 10 M – O); lower lamella since chaetiger 19, flabellate and much smaller than upper lamella of dorsal cirrus throughout (Fig. 10 M – O). Dorsal ligule subconical with blunt tip in chaetiger 18, digitiform thereafter, becoming narrower toward posterior chaetigers (Fig. 10 M – O); distal lobe of dorsal ligule 1.4 × as long as median ligule in chaetigers 18 – 40, 1.2 × in chaetiger 95 (Fig. 10 M – O). Median ligule subconical with blunt tip in chaetiger 18, digitiform thereafter, becoming broader toward middle chaetigers (Fig. 10 M – O); 4 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 18, 2.6 × in chaetiger 40, 1.6 × in chaetiger 95 (Fig. 10 M – O); small basal lamella of median ligule present since chaetiger 19, flabellate throughout (Fig. 10 M – O). Neuroacicular ligule subconical with blunt tip in chaetiger 18, digitiform thereafter, superior and inferior lobes absent (Fig. 10 M – O). Neuropodial postchaetal lobe rounded in chaetiger 18, transformed into broad flabellate ventral lamella (Fig. 10 M – O); 2 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 40, 1.5 × in chaetiger 95 (Fig. 10 M – O). Ventral ligule subconical with blunt tip in chaetiger 18, digitiform with a small basal, dorsal lobe thereafter (Fig. 10 M – O); 2 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 18, 1.2 × in chaetiger 40, 1 × in chaetiger 95. Ventral cirrus filiform throughout; as long as ventral ligule throughout (Fig. 10 M – O). Upper lamella of ventral cirrus divided in two subequal, digitiform lobes (Fig. 10 M – O); lower lamella of ventral cirrus flabellate, 2 – 3 × as wide as upper ones throughout (Fig. 10 M – O). ACICULAE. Basally amber and distally dark brown, amber region enlarges toward posterior chaetigers (Fig. 10 I – O). Notoaciculae absent in first two chaetigers (Fig. 10 I), proximal end rectangular in nonnatatory region and becoming flabellate in natatory one (Fig. 10 I – O). NOTO- AND NEUROCHAETAE. Resembling atokous ones in non-natatory region (Fig. 10 E – H), replaced with paddle-like, heterogomph chaetae with short bosses in natatory region (Fig. 10 N – O). PYGIDIUM. Crenulated, with a rosette of papillae formed by two or three rows of papillae; anal cirrus as long as last 12 – 14 chaetigers (Fig. 10 A). Atoke BODY AND MEASUREMENTS. Specimens from Isla Cerritos (ECOSUR P 1100) in excellent condition, best preserved specimen complete, 52 mm long, 2.8 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 107 chaetigers. Pigmentation faded out; pale lines present, fingerprint-like pattern present from chaetiger 8. PROSTOMIUM. Subtriangular, 1.2 × as long as wide, anterior region distally entire, 1.7 × as long as posterior region, dorsal groove present (Fig. 11 A); anterolateral gap between antenna and palpophore shorter than diameter of antennae (Fig. 11 A). ANTENNAE. Subconical, not passing palps, half as long as prostomium, gap between them shorter than basal wide of antennae (Fig. 11 A). PALPS. Palpophores subconical, swollen, 1.2 × as long as wide, as long as prostomium, subdistal transverse groove present. Palpostyles rounded or digitiform. EYES. Rounded, anterior and posterior pairs subequal, in trapezoidal arrangement, wide shorter than basal wide of antennae, sometimes posterior pair partly covered by anterior margin of tentacular belt (Fig. 11 A). TENTACULAR BELT. 1.4 × as long as chaetiger 1, sometimes slightly covering posterior pair of eyes, anterior dorsal margin straight (Fig. 11 A). TENTACULAR CIRRI. Moniliform, not jointed, longest cirri reaching end of chaetigers 7 – 8 (Fig. 11 A). PHARYNX. Dissected; jaws brown, cutting edge with 7 – 8 teeth, proximal ones ensheathed (Fig. 11 H). Maxillary ring: I = 2 cones in vertical line; II = 7 – 9 (7 – 10) cones in arc; III = 13 (10 – 14) cones in rectangle; IV = 16 – 17 (14 – 19) cones in arc. Oral ring: V = 1 cone; VI = 1 – 1 smooth bars; VII – VIII = 18 cones in two bands: anterior band with 4 paragnaths in a single furrow row with 1 cone on the regions a – b (sometimes 1 cone on regions c and A – B); posterior band with 6 cones in furrow row with 1 cone on the regions a – c (sometimes 1 cone on regions d), and 8 paragnaths in ridge row with 2 cones on region A and 1 cone on the regions B – D (sometimes 1 additional cone on region A) (Fig. 14). Furrow pattern of areas VI – V – VI, λ-shaped. DORSAL CIRRI. Digitiform in first chaetigers, filiform thereafter, attached basally to dorsal ligule in anteriormost chaetigers, medially thereafter (Fig. 11 C – G); 1.3 × as long as distal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetigers 2 and 10, 0.8 – 0.9 × length thereafter; 3.7 × as long as proximal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 2, 2.3 × in chaetiger 10, 0.8 – 0.9 × length thereafter (Fig. 11 C – G). DORSAL LIGULES. Subconical with blunt tip in anterior and middle chaetigers, becoming pennant-like toward posterior chaetigers, with distal lobes longer than proximal ones in first chaetigers, becoming as long as in middle chaetigers and shorter than in posterior chaetigers (Fig. 11 C – G). Distal lobe of dorsal ligule subconical throughout; 1.3 × as long as median ligule in chaetiger 10, 1.8 × in chaetigers 28 and 61, 2.4 × in chaetiger 91 (Fig. 11 C – G). MEDIAN LIGULES. Digitiform in anterior chaetigers, becoming subconical with blunt tips in middle chaetigers and digitiform to lanceolate in posterior ones (Fig. 11 C – G); 1.2 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 10, 1.8 × in chaetigers 28 and 61, 1.5 × in chaetiger 91 (Fig. 11 C – G). NEUROACICULAR LIGULES. Subconical with blunt tip throughout (Fig. 11 C – G). Neuropodial superior and inferior lobes present in anterior chaetigers, both rounded, inferior one wider than superior one throughout (Fig. 11 C – G). NEUROPODIAL POSTCHAETAL LOBES. Rounded, half as long as neuroacicular ligule throughout. VENTRAL LIGULES. Digitiform throughout (Fig. 11 C – G); 1.4 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetiger 2, 1 × in chaetigers 10 and 28, 1.2 × in chaetigers 61 and 91 (Fig. 11 C – G). VENTRAL CIRRI. Subconical throughout (Fig. 11 C – G); 0.8 × as long as ventral ligule in chaetiger 2, 0.5 – 0.6 × in chaetigers 10 – 61, 0.7 × in chaetiger 91 (Fig. 11 C – G). NOTOCHAETAE. All homogomph symmetrical spinigers. Blades of spinigers with basal pectinate, coarse teeth, becoming minute toward distal end. NEUROCHAETAE. Homogomph symmetrical spinigers and heterogomph falcigers in supra-acicular fascicles, heterogomph spinigers and falcigers in sub-acicular fascicles. Neuropodial homogomph spiniger as notopodial ones (Fig. 11 L). Heterogomph spinigers with blades pectinate, minute teeth and decreasing in size toward distal end (Fig. 11 K). Heterogomph falcigers pectinate, long and narrow teeth, 7 / 10 of inner edge of blade dentate, distal tips stout, stouter in supra-acicular falcigers (Fig. 11 I – J). PYGIDIUM. Crenulated, bilobate (Fig. 11 B); anal cirri subulate, as long as last 5 chaetigers (Fig. 11 B).	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB35293AFDFAFE9F9841D447.taxon	discussion	Remarks Records of Perinereis floridana in the Gran Caribbean region are scarce (Salazar-Vallejo 1996; Dean 2012). This species was described based on epitoke specimens, but most of its records are based on atokes. It is relevant because Perinereis species lack a caudal region with non-transformed parapodia, so parapodial features attributed to the atokes of P. floridana in posterior chaetigers do not come from the original description. Ehlers (1868) placed P. floridana in a group characterized by dorsal ligules of similar size along the body and not expanded or widened (in posterior chaetigers), parapodia with a similar development along the body, paragnaths in all pharyngeal areas, and with both conical and transverse (bars) paragnaths. The parapodial features can differ in atoke and epitoke specimens in Perinereis species as shown in this work, so possibly Ehlers justified the inclusion of P. floridana in this group using the paragnath arrangement and its comparison with another close species, P. cultrifera, which match with the mentioned features. Perhaps the atoke morphology of P. floridana was also taken from Fauvel (1923) when he synonymized Nereis floridana and other 8 species with Perinereis cultrifera because of the presence of a single smooth bar on each area VI, although Fauvel recognized they differ in the number of paragnaths in the area V. Fauvel (1923) described parapodia of P. cultrifera as follows: dorsal and median ligules subequal, with dorsal cirri slightly surpassing tips of dorsal ligules, and both neuroacicular and ventral ligules shorter than median ligules, with short ventral cirri, in posterior parapodia the ligules become sharper and the notopodial ligules are longer than neuropodial ones. For example, Wesenberg-Lund (1949) recorded ‘ P. cultrifera Gr. var. floridana Ehl. ’ from Faror, Iran citing Fauvel and his paragnath-based grouping. Fauvel’s synonymy was not followed in all cases. Horst (1924) recorded Nereis (Perinereis) floridana from Balabalagan islands and declared he followed Gravier instead. Hartman (1938 a) examined the type material of P. floridana but omitted further comments because there was a redescription by Langerhans (1880: pl. 15 fig. 24 a – e), but actually Langerhans (1880) described some atoke specimens from Madeira as Perinereis floridana based on their supposed similarity only without further comments. Monro (1933 c) disagreed with Fauvel about the synonymy with P. cultrifera and reported P. floridana for Dry Tortugas, Florida, but without description or figures. Later, Hartman (1951) reported atokes and epitokes of P. floridana from Lemon Bay, Florida, and cited Monro (1933 c), but some specimens differ in the following features: 1) area V has 3 paragnaths and 2) sometimes two bars in areas VI. Andrew & Andrew (1953) reported P. floridana from North Bimini and highlighted the species has middle chaetigers resembling posterior ones, contrary to P. anderssoni. Finally, Salazar-Vallejo & Jiménez-Cueto (1997) described atokes as P. floridana with specimens from the Yucatan Peninsula, and de León-González & Solís-Weiss (1998) described atokes and female epitokes using specimens from Florida and the Yucatan Peninsula, and they agreed on that P. floridana have dorsal cirri not extending beyond the tip of distal lobes of dorsal ligules in middle and posterior chaetigers, and dorsal ligules in posterior chaetigers slightly longer than in anterior and middle chaetigers but not widened. Here, the set of features used to determine atokes specimens belong to P. floridana are from the tentacular belt, the pharynx, and the chaetigers (anterior chaetigers of atokes, chaetigers 8 – 17 in the pre-natatory region of epitokes): 1) length of longest tentacular cirri, 2) shape and number of teeth in jaws, 3) similar number and arrangement of paragnaths in oral ring, especially areas I and III, 2) position of single paragnath in area V and size of smooth bars in areas VI, 3) similar number and arrangement of paragnaths in areas VII – VIII, 4) similar neuroacicular falcigers in anterior chaetigers, 5) similar ratios among notopodial processes and between ventral ligules and ventral cirri in anterior chaetigers. Main parapodial differences (excepting dorsal and ventral cirri) between atokes (anterior chaetigers) and epitokes (non-natatory region) described here are 1) both notopodial and neuropodial ligules more rounded in epitokes, and 2) relative size of neuropodial ligules. There are similar differences between atokes and epitokes of P. bairdii and P. cariboea, which are discussed below. Based on the main morphological atokous of P. floridana, i. e., the long tentacular cirri, the presence of a single cone in areas V and a single smooth bar on each area VI, the two rows of paragnaths in areas VII – VIII, and parapodia with slight changes between middle and posterior chaetigers, closely resembles P. websteri sp. nov., but they differ as discussed in the remarks section of the latter species. Santos (2007) recorded P. floridana from Rocas Atoll, Brazil, but the specimens described differ from P. floridana as follows: 1) in Brazilian specimens, chaetiger 1 has dorsal cirri 2.4 × as long as the distal lobe of the dorsal ligule, whereas in P. floridana they are 1.3 × longer; 2) in Brazilian specimens, middle and posterior chaetigers, have dorsal cirri longer than distal lobes of dorsal ligules, whereas in P. floridana they are subequal or shorter; 3) in Brazilian specimens, middle chaetigers have both dorsal and median ligules subequal, and in posterior chaetigers dorsal ligules are 1.5 × as long as median ones, whereas in P. floridana dorsal ligules are 1.8 × as long as median ligules in middle chaetigers and 2.4 × longer in posterior ones. Other records of P. floridana outside the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, as in the Indian Ocean (e. g., Horst 1924; Yousefi et al. 2011), are likely distinct species and need to be reassessed. Regardless of the different prostomial features, the length of largest tentacular cirri, and the pharyngeal arrangement, males of P. floridana also differs from males of P. bairdii in the following key parapodial features: 1) in P. bairdii, the natatory region starts in chaetiger 14, whereas in P. floridana it starts in chaetiger 18; 2) in P. bairdii, the first chaetiger from the natatory region (14) has dorsal ligules larger than in the corresponding chaetiger in P. floridana (18); 3) in P. bairdii, both dorsal and ventral lamellae are shorter along the natatory chaetigers than in P. floridana; 4) in P. bairdii, the median ligules along the natatory chaetigers are shorter than in P. floridana.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB35293AFDFAFE9F9841D447.taxon	distribution	Distribution Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB3F2939FE06F9049B1AD5F5.taxon	description	Figs 12 – 13	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB3F2939FE06F9049B1AD5F5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined Holotype MEXICO • 1 spec.; Quintana Roo, Bahia Ascencion, Pajaros Point; 6 Oct. 1983; V. Solís-Weiss leg.; USNM 180694. Additional material examined MEXICO • 2 ♂♂; Quintana Roo, Isla Contoy; 2 Mar. 2001; S. I. Salazar-Vallejo and L. F. Carrera-Parra leg.; ECOSUR P 3209.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB3F2939FE06F9049B1AD5F5.taxon	description	Description of male BODY AND MEASUREMENTS. Two specimens (ECOSUR P 3209), one specimen complete, 20 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 67 chaetigers (Fig. 12 A), another one incomplete, 19 mm long, 2 mm wide at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia, 62 chaetigers. Pigmentation present in anterior end, dark brown pigment in the anterior margin of prostomium and inner margins of palps, a continuous broad band with a row of white spots at the tentacular belt and dorsum of chaetigers 1 – 3, pigment fades at the center of the chaetigers 4 – 7, and become in two lateral rows until chaetiger 13 (Fig. 12 A – C). PROSTOMIUM. 1.6 × as wide as than long, subpentagonal, anterior margin directed downward, dorsal groove present (Fig. 12 A – C). ANTENNAE. Subconical, oriented downward, half as long as prostomium, not extending beyond palps (Fig. 12 A – C). PALPS. Palpophores ovoid, swollen, as long as wide, shorter than prostomium, subdistal transverse groove present (Fig. 12 C). Palpostyles globose. EYES. Black, rounded, subequal, in rectangular arrangement, diameter 4 – 5 × longer than basal diameter of antennae, anterior and posterior pairs overlapped, lenses not visible, posterior pair slightly covered by tentacular belt (Fig. 12 A – C). TENTACULAR BELT. As long as chaetiger 1, with straight anterior margin (Fig. 12 A – C). TENTACULAR CIRRI. Smooth, cirrophores conspicuous, longest cirri extending backwards up to chaetiger 4 (Fig. 12 A – B). PHARYNX. Everted in one specimen (Fig. 12 C – D); jaws brown, cutting edge with 6 – 7 rounded teeth. Maxillary ring: I = 9 cones in round; II = 13 – 14 cones in arc; III = 22 cones in ellipse; IV = 17 – 18 cones in round (Fig. 12 C – D). Oral ring: V = none; VI = 2 – 2 smooth bar; VII – VIII = 19 cones in two bands: anterior band with 6 paragnaths in furrow row with 1 cone on the regions a – c, and 7 paragnaths in ridge row with 1 cone on the regions A – D; posterior band with 6 paragnaths in a single ridge row with 1 cone on the regions C – E (Figs 12 C – D, 13). Furrow pattern of areas VI – V – VI, λ-shaped (Figs 12 C, 13). BODY REGIONS. Two regions: 1) pre-natatory region includes chaetigers 1 – 13, subdivided into two subregions: a) dorsal cirri in chaetigers 1 – 7 and ventral cirri in chaetigers 1 – 5 pyriform or cattail-like, and 2) chaetigers 8 – 13 with both dorsal and ventral cirri cirriform; 2) natatory region includes chaetigers 14 to end of body, chaetiger 14 with upper lamella in dorsal cirrus and both upper and lower lamellae in ventral cirrus, in chaetiger 15 and remaining ones also appear lower lamella in dorsal cirrus, a lamella below median ligule, ventral lamella and a basal, dorsal protrusion in neuropodial ventral ligules. PRE- NATATORY REGION. Parapodia resembling atokous ones (Fig. 12 E – G). Dorsal cirrus pyriform in chaetigers 1 – 7, and filiform in remaining chaetigers (Fig. 12 E – G); 1.8 × as long as distal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetigers 2 – 6, 1.6 × in chaetiger 12 (Fig. 12 E – G); 7.5 × as long as proximal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 2, 2 × in chaetiger 6, 1.7 × in chaetiger 12. Dorsal ligule rounded in first chaetigers, becoming subconical with blunt tip toward posterior ones; distal lobe of dorsal ligule 1.2 × as long as median ligules in chaetigers 6 – 12 (Fig. 12 E – G). Median ligule digitiform throughout, 2 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetigers 6 – 12 (Fig. 12 E – G). Neuroacicular ligule subconical throughout; 1.7 × as long as ventral ligule in chaetiger 2, 1 × in chaetigers 6 – 12 (Fig. 12 E – G). Neuropodial superior and inferior lobes very small, almost inconspicuous; neuropodial postchaetal lobe rounded, half as long as neuroacicular ligule. Ventral ligule digitiform throughout; 1.2 × as long as ventral cirrus in chaetiger 2, 1 × in chaetiger 6, 0.7 × length in chaetiger 12 (Fig. 12 E – G). Ventral cirrus pyriform in chaetigers 1 – 5, filiform thereafter (Fig. 12 E – G). NATATORY REGION. Parapodia distinct from atokous ones (Fig. 12 H – J). Dorsal cirrus filiform, crenulations present from chaetiger 15, decreasing in size and number toward posterior chaetigers until disappear (Fig. 12 H – J); 1.8 × as long as distal lobe of dorsal ligule in chaetiger 14, 1.4 × in chaetiger 18, 1.7 × in chaetiger 35 (Fig. 12 H – J). Upper lamella of dorsal cirrus present since chaetiger 14, digitiform in chaetiger 14, flabellate thereafter, larger in middle chaetigers, as long as dorsal cirrus in chaetiger 35 (Fig. 12 H – J); ventral lamella since chaetiger 14, flabellate and smaller than upper lamella of dorsal cirrus throughout (Fig. 12 H – J). Dorsal ligule subconical in chaetiger 14, digitiform thereafter, becoming narrower toward posterior chaetigers (Fig. 12 H – J); distal lobe of dorsal ligule 1 × length of median ligule in chaetiger 14, 1.5 × longer in chaetigers 18 – 35 (Fig. 12 H – J). Notopodial prechaetal lobe rounded, lamelliform, present since chaetiger 15; 0.3 × as long as dorsal ligule in chaetigers 18 – 35 (Fig. 12 H – J); small basal lamella of median ligule present since chaetiger 15, flabellate throughout (Fig. 12 H – J). Neuroacicular ligule subconical in chaetiger 14, digitiform thereafter (Fig. 12 H – J), superior and inferior lobes absent; 1 × as long as ventral ligule in chaetiger 14, 1.2 × longer in chaetiger 18 – 35 (Fig. 12 H – J). Neuropodial postchaetal lobe rounded in chaetiger 14, transformed into broad flabellate ventral lamella with a basal, dorsal protrusion thereafter (Fig. 12 H – J); 1.5 × as long as neuroacicular ligule in chaetigers 18 – 35 (Fig. 12 H – J). Ventral ligule digitiform and with small basal, dorsal lobe starting in chaetiger 15 (Fig. 12 H – J); 0.7 × as long as ventral cirrus in chaetiger 14, 0.8 × in chaetigers 18 – 35 (Fig. 12 H – J). Ventral cirrus filiform throughout (Fig. 12 H – J); upper lamella divided in two subequal, digitiform lobes (Fig. 12 H – J); lower lamella flabellate, 4 – 5 × as wide as upper ones throughout (Fig. 12 H – J). ACICULAE. Basally amber and distally dark brown, amber region enlarges toward posterior chaetigers. Notoaciculae absent in first two chaetigers, proximal end rectangular in non-natatory region and becoming flabellate in natatory one. NOTO- AND NEUROCHAETAE. Resembling atokous ones in non-natatory region, replaced with paddle-like, heterogomph chaetae with short bosses in natatory region. PYGIDIUM. Crenulated, with a rosette of papillae formed by two or three rows of papillae; anal cirri missing (Fig. 12 A).	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB3F2939FE06F9049B1AD5F5.taxon	discussion	Remarks Perinereis cariboea has been scarcely recorded since its description; here is described its epitokal morphology, unknown until now. This species is easily identified among the species herein studied by its pharyngeal arrangement: no paragnaths in area V, two smooth bars on each area VI, and a discontinuous posterior band of paragnaths in areas VII – VIII. Atokes of P. cariboea are similar to P. bairdii because of the short tentacular cirri and the similar development of parapodia along the body. Regardless of the pharyngeal arrangement, the males of this species can be differentiated from males of P. bairdii as follows: 1) in P. cariboea, dorsal cirri are pyriform in chaetigers 6 – 7, whereas in P. bairdii they are cattail-like; 2) in P. cariboea, ventral cirri are longer than ventral ligules in chaetigers 12 – 13, whereas in P. bairdii they are shorter; 3) in P. cariboea, dorsal and ventral ligules are subequal in chaetiger 14, whereas in P. bairdii dorsal ligule is 2.7 × as long as ventral one; 4) in P. cariboea, upper lamellae of dorsal cirri in natatory chaetigers are as long as dorsal cirri in chaetigers 30 – 35, whereas in P. bairdii they are 0.7 × the length; 5) in P. cariboea, ventral lamella is 1.5 × as long as neuroacicular ligules in chaetiger 30, whereas in P. bairdii they are 2.5 × longer.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB3F2939FE06F9049B1AD5F5.taxon	distribution	Distribution Caribbean Sea.	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
03948791CB022904FF0EFE9F9B56D44E.taxon	distribution	Key to Atlantic Perinereis species (excluding the Mediterranean Sea) 1,4 1. A single bar-shaped paragnath on each area VI ................................................................................ 2 – Two or more bar-shaped paragnaths on each area VI ..................................................................... 12 2. Lacking paragnaths in area V ....... P. capensis (Kinberg, 1865) (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa) – Having paragnaths in area V ............................................................................................................. 3 3. A single paragnath in area V ............................................................................................................. 4 – More than one paragnath in areas V ................................................................................................ 11 4. Tentacular cirri extending back up to chaetiger 4 (i. e., short tentacular cirri) .................................. 5 – Tentacular cirri extending back beyond chaetiger 6 (i. e., long tentacular cirri) ............................... 9 5. One or two paragnaths in area I ........................................................................................................ 6 – Three or more paragnaths in area I ................................................................................................... 8 6. Areas VII – VIII with a single broad band with several rows of paragnaths (> 100 paragnaths) ......... ............................................................................... P. falklandica (Ramsay, 1914) (Falkland Islands) – Areas VII – VIII with 3 – 4 rows of paragnaths (about 19 – 43 paragnaths) ......................................... 7 7. Paragnath in area V aligned with bars in areas VI, forming a straight row; each bar in areas VI almost as long as wide as area VI (i. e., long bars) ................................ P. oliveirae (Horst, 1889) (Portugal) – Paragnath in area V displaced backward, not aligned with bars in areas VI; each bar in areas VI up to half as long as wide as area VI (i. e., short bars) ................ P. atlantica (São Vicente, Cape Verde) 8. Dorsal ligules 2.3 × as long as median ligules and ventral ligules shorter than neuroacicular ligules in posterior chaetigers ........................................... P. ponteni Kinberg, 1865 (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) – Dorsal ligules 3.3 × as long as median ligules and ventral ligules longer than neuroacicular ligules in posterior chaetigers .................................................................. P. bairdii (Webster, 1884) (Bermuda) 9. Dorsal cirri subequal or shorter than distal lobes of dorsal ligules and ventral ligules longer than neuroacicular ligules in posterior chaetigers ...................................................................................... ................................................................... P. floridana (Ehlers, 1868) (Captiva Key, Florida, USA) – Dorsal cirri longer than distal lobes of dorsal ligules and ventral ligules shorter than neuroacicular ligules in posterior chaetigers ......................................................................................................... 10 10. A single paragnath in area I; ventral cirri shorter than ventral ligules in posterior chaetigers ........... ................................................................ P. falsovariegata Monro, 1933 a (Preekstoel, South Africa) – Three or more paragnaths in area I; ventral cirri longer than ventral ligules in posterior chaetigers. ............................................................................................................ P. websteri sp. nov. (Bermuda) 11. Two bands of paragnaths in areas VII – VIII; dorsal ligules several times longer than median ligules in posterior chaetigers ..................................... P. anderssoni Kinberg, 1865 (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) – A single band of paragnaths in areas VII – VIII; both dorsal and median ligules subequal in posterior chaetigers ........................................... Perinereis taorica Langerhans, 1881 (Canary Islands, Spain) 12. Nine to ten bar-shaped paragnaths on each area VI ............................................................................ ................................................... P. latipalpa (Schmarda, 1861) (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa) – Two bar-shaped paragnaths on each area VI .................................................................................. 13 13. Paragnaths absent in area V; posterior band of paragnaths in areas VII – VIII discontinuous ............. ................................... P. cariboea de León-González & Solís-Weiss, 1998 (Quintana Roo, Mexico) – Paragnaths absent in area V; posterior band of paragnaths in areas VII – VIII continuous ............. 14 14. Notopodial prechaetal lobes present at least in anterior chaetigers; rows in areas VII – VIII with paragnaths of distinct size ................................................ P. brevicirrata (Treadwell, 1920) (Brazil) 2 – Notopodial prechaetal lobe absent; rows in areas VII – VIII with paragnaths of similar size ......... 15 15. Distal lobes of dorsal ligules subequal or shorter than medial ligules in posterior chaetigers; blades of neuropodial falcigers with rod-like tips .......................................................................................... ................................... P. rookeri de León-González & Goethel, 2013 (Rookery Bay, Florida, USA) – Distal lobes of dorsal ligules longer than medial ligules in posterior chaetigers; blades of neuropodial falcigers with falcate tips .......... P. mochimaensis Liñero-Arana, 1983 (Mochima Bay, Venezuela) / .................................................. P. cariacoensis Liñero-Arana, 1983 (Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela) 3 1 Nereis marionii Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 (type locality: Vendée, France) (synonyms: P. longipes de Saint-Joseph, 1898 from Guettary, France, and Nereis crassipes de Quatrefages, 1866 from Normandy, France) and N. aculeata Hansen, 1882 (type locality: Brazil) are excluded from the key. Nereis marionii differs in several pharyngeal and parapodial features from Perinereis species, such as having a continuous band of paragnaths in the oral ring, and the presence of notopodial prechaetal lobes and additional upper lobe in dorsal ligules (Audouin & Milne-Edwards 1833; Fauvel 1923), so likely it belongs to a distinct genus. The original description of Nereis aculeata is succinct (Hansen 1882) and allows to identify it as a Perinereis, but further study is needed to determine if it is a valid species. 2 Treadwell (1920: fig. 2) described a parapodium from chaetiger 10 (likely depicted upside down in his figure) with three notopodial ligules. The species needs further re-evaluation to ensure it is a Perinereis species. 3 As pointed out by de León-González & Goethel (2013), both species are very similar. Both species were proposed based on a single specimen each (even one of them incomplete), and differences in head and parapodial morphology between them are very subtle. Chances are that the transverse bar in area V is due to the partial merging of two or more conical paragnaths like in melted paragnaths, which have been observed in some specimens of P. websteri sp. nov. in additional paragnaths in areas VI. A revision of the type and additional material of both species is needed to clarify their validity. 4 References consulted: Horst (1889); Treadwell (1920); Monro (1933 a); Hartman (1938 b); Day (1967); Liñero-Arana (1983); de León-González & Solís-Weiss (1998); Núñez (2004); de León-González & Goethel (2013); Darbyshire (2014); Coutinho et al. (2015); Paiva et al. (2018); Villalobos-Guerrero (2019).	en	Conde-Vela, Víctor Manuel (2022): Reinstatement of Perinereis bairdii (Webster, 1884) and description of P. websteri sp. nov. from Bermuda, including the reproductive morphology of two Atlantic Perinereis species (Annelida: Errantia: Phyllodocida). European Journal of Taxonomy 787 (1): 104-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.787.1619
