identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0394878CA122FFB2FA9DFA9AFA21B922.text	0394878CA122FFB2FA9DFA9AFA21B922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aphodiini	<div><p>Key to Aphodiini genera of the Laikipia plateau, Kenya</p> <p>1. Elytra with less than ten striae; epistome with some large setigerous punctures, setae straight; epipleura very broad; color sericeous, brownish yellow, elytra pale, with or without preapical spots; length 5.0-8.0 mm............................................................... Lorditomaeus Péringuey</p> <p>— Elytra with ten striae; epistomal setae, epipleura, color, and length variable............................ 2</p> <p>2(1). Scutellum large, at least as long as 1/6 of sutural margin of elytra or longer........................... 3</p> <p>— Scutellum small, at most as long as 1/7 of sutural margin of elytra or shorter........................ 5</p> <p>3(2). Elytral disc regularly convex; scutellum broad, triangular; claws of male middle tarsi modified, large and unequal; color blackish, elytra mostly reddish brown; length 3.5-5.0 mm.......................................................................................................................... Macroretrus Péringuey</p> <p>— Elytral disc more or less strongly flattened; scutellum long; claws of male middle tarsi not modified; length variable.......................................................................................................................... 4</p> <p>4(3). Relatively larger body size (length 8.0-16.0 mm); elytra feebly flattened on disc; body yellow, sometimes pronotal and elytral disc dark brown, rarely completely blackish; epipharynx with anterior margin deeply excised medially, bearing 1 to 6 long spinules........................................................................................................................................ Calocolobopterus Dellacasa</p> <p>— Relatively smaller body size (length 5.0-12.0 mm); elytra strongly flattened on disc; pronotum black, with lateral margins yellowish; elytra yellowish with cloudy discal spot dark brown or completely blackish; epipharynx with anterior margin arcuate, spinules entirely lacking or present in varying numbers............................................................ Neocolobopterus Landin</p> <p>5(2). Seventh and ninth elytral interstices joined preapically, raised into a prominent oblique fold; body oval, elongate, glabrous, shiny; dark brown or blackish; length 2.5-4.0 mm......................................................................................................................................... Plagiogonus Mulsant</p> <p>— Seventh and ninth elytral interstices normally shaped; body shape and color variable............ 6</p> <p>6(5). Elytral striae not joined apically; body convex, rather stout, subshiny, glabrous; color blackish or brownish; length 5.0-7.5 mm............................................................. Pharaphodius Reitter</p> <p>— Elytral striae joined apically; body convex or elongate, shiny or not, color and size variable.... 7</p> <p>7(6). Scutellum pentagonal.................................................................................................................. 8</p> <p>— Scutellum triangular................................................................................................................. 11</p> <p>8(7). Hind tibiae apically fimbriate with short, equal spinules; base of pronotum not bordered; elytra dirty yellowish, usually with discal brownish spot; length 3.0-7.0 mm....................................................................................................................................... Labarrus Mulsant and Rey</p> <p>— Hind tibiae apically fimbriate with unequal, elongate spinules; base of pronotum not bordered; elytra yellowish or not.............................................................................................................. 9</p> <p>9(8). Clypeal margin fimbriate; small species, rather stout, brownish black or brownish yellow; sometimes elytra yellowish with a scutellar blackish spot; length 2.5- 4.0 mm.......................................................................................................................... Mesontoplatys Motschulsky</p> <p>— Clypeal margin glabrous; color and body size variable............................................................. 10</p> <p>10(9). Elytral interstices medially tectiform; striae more or less distinctly bordered at each side; color more or less dark brownish; length 3.0-5.0 mm............................. Pleuraphodius Schmidt</p> <p>— Elytral interstices flat or convex but never tectiform medially; striae not bordered at each side; color reddish brown or reddish; length 4.0-6.0 mm................. Koshantschikovius Schmidt</p> <p>11(7). Basal margin of pronotum bordered with marginal bead; clypeus widely rounded at sides; color blackish or brownish with reddish elytra; length 3.0-5.0 mm..... Nobius Mulsant and Rey</p> <p>— Basal margin of pronotum not bordered; clypeus rounded or angulate at sides; color and length variable................................................................................................................................... 12</p> <p>12(11). Elytral intervals with row of more or less long, erect setae on coarse punctures aligned near striae; color blackish or brownish; elytra often with cloudy yellowish or reddish discal spots; length 3.0-6.0 mm............................................................................... Aganocrossus Reitter</p> <p>— Elytral pubescence, if present, recumbent, short; color variable; body length variable........... 13</p> <p>13(12). Head and pronotum completely pubescent, or at least pubescent on sides; epistome and pronotal disc coarsely densely punctured; distal segment of male labial palpi cylindrical and feebly rounded; color yellowish or more or less dark brown; elytra with or without darker preapical spot; length 2.5-5.0 mm....................................................................................... Trichaphodius Schmidt</p> <p>— Head and pronotum glabrous; epistome and pronotal disc finely or very finely punctured; distal segment of male labial palpi elliptical and strongly flattened; color brownish; elytra yellow, more or less variegated with darker spots; length 5.0-6.0 mm.. Trichaphodioides Paulian</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA122FFB2FA9DFA9AFA21B922	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFF1AFBB3BF42.text	0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFF1AFBB3BF42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganocrossus (Reitter)	<div><p>GENUS Aganocrossus (Reitter)</p> <p>Aphodius (Aganocrossus) Reitter, 1895: 208.</p> <p>Aganocrossus: G. Dellacasa et al. 2001: 71.</p> <p>Distribution: Afrotropical, Australian, Oriental and Palearctic regions.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFF1AFBB3BF42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFE5AFA21BFE2.text	0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFE5AFA21BFE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganocrossus	<div><p>Key to Laikipia species of Aganocrossus</p> <p>1. Elytra entirely setose, setae long, erect.................................................. A. vestitus (Boheman)</p> <p>— Elytra glabrous.................................................................................. A. meticulosus (Paulian)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFE5AFA21BFE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFDFAFB50BDA2.text	0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFDFAFB50BDA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganocrossus meticulosus Paulian 1942	<div><p>Aganocrossus meticulosus Paulian</p> <p>Aganocrossus meticulosus Paulian, 1942: 49.</p> <p>Aphodius (Aganocrossus) meticulosus: Bordat, 1992b: 357</p> <p>Specimens examined (5): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, Zebra dung (1); idem, leg. R Gordon, African Buffalo dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1- 31.VIII.2001, leg. Kadir Abdi, Waterbuck dung (1); Laikipia Plateau, Mpala Research Centre, N00 o 17' - E36 o 53' E, 1650 m, 17-20 Sept. 1999, S.E. Mille, T. M. Kuklenski &amp; R. R. Snelling (2). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Eastern Africa (Kenya and Tanzania) and Zaire.</p> <p>Dung preference: Not known, specimens were found in buffalo and waterbuck dung.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFDFAFB50BDA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFBDAFEBDBB62.text	0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFBDAFEBDBB62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aganocrossus vestitus (Boheman) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Aganocrossus vestitus (Boheman), n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius vestitus Boheman, 1857: 359.</p> <p>Aphodius (Aganocrossus) vestitus: Bordat, 1992b: 362.</p> <p>Specimens examined (17): Laikipia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.85/lat 0.5)">Impala Ranch</a>, N00 o 30’ - E36 o 51’, 1-13. V.2002, #6, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 15-29.II.2001, 1-13.V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (16). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Eastern and southern Africa.</p> <p>Dung preference: Apparently a generalist, taken from dung of several mammals including waterbuck, hippo, etc.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFBDAFEBDBB62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA124FFB3FA9DF95AFA21B922.text	0394878CA124FFB3FA9DF95AFA21B922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calocolobopterus	<div><p>Key to Laikipia species of Calocolobopterus</p> <p>1. Anterior clypeal margin strongly reflexed, clypeal surface with dense, coarse punctures; elytral intervals slightly convex, densely, distinctly punctured.................. C. magnicornis Bordat</p> <p>— Anterior clypeal margin feebly reflexed, clypeal surface with punctures less dense, not coarse; elytral intervals flat, finely, indistinctly punctured......................... C. principalis (Harold)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA124FFB3FA9DF95AFA21B922	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFA1AFDEEB842.text	0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFA1AFDEEB842.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calocolobopterus Dellacasa	<div><p>GENUS Calocolobopterus Dellacasa</p> <p>Aphodius (Calocolobopterus) G. Dellacasa, 1986: 216.</p> <p>Calocolobopterus G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 110.</p> <p>Distribution: Afrotropical Region.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA124FFB3FA9DFA1AFDEEB842	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA127FFB0FA9DFF1BFC61BC02.text	0394878CA127FFB0FA9DFF1BFC61BC02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calocolobopterus magnicornis (Bordat) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Calocolobopterus magnicornis (Bordat), n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius (Calocolobopterus) magnicornis Bordat, 1992c: 101.</p> <p>Calocolobopterus magnicornis: G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 110.</p> <p>Specimens examined (6): Laikipia Plateau, Mpala Research Centre, N00 o 17’ -E36 o.899', 23-25. V. 1998, 1650 m, S.E. Miller &amp; T.M. Kuklenski (4); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (2). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Eastern Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania and Ethiopia.</p> <p>Dung preference: Not known, all specimens were taken at light.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA127FFB0FA9DFF1BFC61BC02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA127FFB0FA9DFD9BFEA3BDE2.text	0394878CA127FFB0FA9DFD9BFEA3BDE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Calocolobopterus principalis (Harold) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Calocolobopterus principalis (Harold), n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius principalis Harold, 1861: 94.</p> <p>Aphodius (Calocolobopterus) principalis: G. Dellacasa, 1986: 220.</p> <p>Specimens examined (11): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, African Buffalo dung (2); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #7, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-31. V.2001, leg. Kadir Abdi, African Elephant dung (6); idem, leg. Kadir Abdi, ultra violet light (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-31.VIII.2001, leg. Kadir Abdi, Waterbuck dung (1). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Afrotropical region.</p> <p>Dung preference: Probably a generalist, found in dung of buffalo, elephant, and waterbuck, also taken at light.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA127FFB0FA9DFD9BFEA3BDE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA127FFB0FA9DFA3AFD69B862.text	0394878CA127FFB0FA9DFA3AFD69B862.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koshantschikovius Schmidt	<div><p>GENUS Koshantschikovius Schmidt</p> <p>Aphodius (Koshantschikovius) Schmidt 1913: 89.</p> <p>Koshantschikovius: Paulian, 1942: 78; G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 163.</p> <p>Distribution: African and Oriental Regions.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA127FFB0FA9DFA3AFD69B862	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA127FFB1FA9DF97BFEA1BFA2.text	0394878CA127FFB1FA9DF97BFEA1BFA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Koshantschikovius : Paulian 1942	<div><p>Koshantschikovius near substriatus (Schmidt)</p> <p>Aphodius substriatus Schmidt, 1911: 48.</p> <p>Koshantschikovius substriatus: Paulian, 1942: 79.</p> <p>Aphodius (Artengruppe Koshantschikovius) substriatus: Endrödi, 1964: 275.</p> <p>Specimens examined (15): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13.V.2002, #7, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13.V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon,</p> <p>Impala dung (5); idem, leg. R. Gordon, African Buffalo dung (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Hippopotamus dung (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, pitfall trap cow dung (2); idem, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (5). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Distribution: Ethiopia, Kenya, and (?) Cameroon.</p> <p>Dung preference: Certainly a generalist, taken from dung of buffalo, elephant, and hippo, also attracted to light.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA127FFB1FA9DF97BFEA1BFA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA126FFB1FA9DFD7AFA21BA42.text	0394878CA126FFB1FA9DFD7AFA21BA42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labarrus : Adam 1994	<div><p>Key to Laikipia species of Labarrus</p> <p>1. Male head with median tubercle small, indistinct, head flat in both sexes; elytral intervals densely, rather coarsely punctured............................................................... L meruensis (Petrovitz)</p> <p>— Male head with median tubercle large, distinct, head convex in both sexes; elytral intervals not noticeably punctate, or with punctures indistinct................................................................... 2</p> <p>2(1). Hind tibia with superior apical spur widened at middle, distinctly longer than first tarsal segment; middle tibia with male inferior apical spur feebly broadened and obliquely truncate apically in both sexes................................................................................................. L. lividus (Olivier)</p> <p>— Hind tibia with superior apical spur evenly acuminate from base to apex, widest at base, approximately as long as first tarsal segment or slightly longer; middle tibia with inferior apical spur evenly widened, acuminate apically in both sexes.................................................................................................................................................... L. pseudolividus (Balthasar)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA126FFB1FA9DFD7AFA21BA42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA126FFB1FA9DFB5BFBA9BBA2.text	0394878CA126FFB1FA9DFB5BFBA9BBA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labarrus lividus (Olivier 1789)	<div><p>Labarrus lividus (Olivier)</p> <p>Scarabaeus lividus Olivier, 1789: 86.</p> <p>Labarrus lividus: G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 166.</p> <p>Specimens examined (1): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (1). (NMK).</p> <p>Geographic distribution: Probably cosmopolitan.</p> <p>Dung preference: This widespread species is a known dung generalist.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA126FFB1FA9DFB5BFBA9BBA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA126FFB1FA9DFE3AFDD2BC62.text	0394878CA126FFB1FA9DFE3AFDD2BC62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labarrus Mulsant and Rey	<div><p>GENUS Labarrus Mulsant and Rey</p> <p>Aphodius (Labarrus) Mulsant and Rey, 1870: 516.</p> <p>Labarrus: Adám, 1994: 14; G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 165.</p> <p>Distribution: Subcosmopolitan.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA126FFB1FA9DFE3AFDD2BC62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA126FFBEFA9DF9DBFE89BEE2.text	0394878CA126FFBEFA9DF9DBFE89BEE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labarrus meruensis (Petrovitz) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Labarrus meruensis (Petrovitz), n. comb</p> <p>Aphodius (Nialus) meruensis Petrovitz, 1961: 350</p> <p>Specimens examined (43): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 15-28.II.2001, #1, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (3); idem, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (28); idem, leg. R. Gordon, pitfall trap cow dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #7, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (2); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-31.XII.2001, leg. Kadir Abdi, Impala, Hippopotamus, Zebra dung (1). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda.</p> <p>Dung preference: This is a generalist species, found in dung of cattle, elephant, hippo, impala, and zebra.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA126FFBEFA9DF9DBFE89BEE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFE9BFB23BCA2.text	0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFE9BFB23BCA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labarrus pseudolividus (Balthasar 1941)	<div><p>Labarrus pseudolividus (Balthasar)</p> <p>Aphodius (Nialus) pseudolividus Balthasar, 1941: 148.</p> <p>Aphodius (Labarrus) pseudolividus: Bordat, 1990a: 36.</p> <p>Labarrus pseudolividus: M. Dellacasa et al., 2002: 170.</p> <p>Specimens examined (12): Laikipia Plateau, Mpala Research Centre, N00 o 17' - E36 o 53', 15-17.I.1999, 17-20.IX.1999, 30-31.V. 2001, 1650 m, leg. S. E. Miller &amp; T. M. Kuklenski, S.E. Miller &amp; V. Shitakule, leg. S.E. Miller, T. M. Kuklenski &amp; R. R. Snelling (12). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Subcosmopolitan.</p> <p>Dung preference: This is another known dung generalist, also attracted to light.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFE9BFB23BCA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFCDAFDEEBD62.text	0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFCDAFDEEBD62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lorditomaeus Peringuey 1901	<div><p>GENUS Lorditomaeus Péringuey</p> <p>Lorditomaeus Péringuey, 1901: 436; G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 176.</p> <p>Distribution: Afrotropical Region.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFCDAFDEEBD62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFC7BFB45BAA2.text	0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFC7BFB45BAA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lorditomaeus tanganyicanus Balthasar 1965	<div><p>Lorditomaeus tanganyicanus Balthasar</p> <p>Lorditomaeus tanganyicanus Balthasar, 1965: 211.</p> <p>Specimens examined (1): Kenya, Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, Hippopotamus dung (1). (Specimen lost in shipment).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Tanzania. This may be the first Kenya record.</p> <p>Dung preference: Not known, the only specimen found was taken from hippo dung.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFC7BFB45BAA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFA5DFE6DB902.text	0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFA5DFE6DB902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macroretrus confusus (Harold 1862)	<div><p>Macroretrus confusus (Harold)</p> <p>Macroretrus confusus Harold, 1862: 154; Bordat et al., 2000: 110.</p> <p>Specimens examined (46): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, Hippopotamus dung (31); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (3); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Zebra dung (2); idem, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (6); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #7, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (2); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Zebra dung (2); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #8, leg. R. Gordon, Giraffe dung (1). (USNM) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Senegal, Ethiopia and Kenya.</p> <p>Dung preference: Probably a generalist dung feeder, specimens were taken from dung of elephant, hippo, giraffe, and zebra.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFA5DFE6DB902	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFB3AFDEEBB42.text	0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFB3AFDEEBB42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macroretrus Peringuey 1908	<div><p>GENUS Macroretrus Péringuey</p> <p>Macroretrus Péringuey, 1908: 632; G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 179.</p> <p>Distribution: Afrotropical Region.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA129FFBEFA9DFB3AFDEEBB42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA129FFBFFA9DF89AFC9CBEC2.text	0394878CA129FFBFFA9DF89AFC9CBEC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesontoplatys Motschulsky	<div><p>GENUS Mesontoplatys Motschulsky</p> <p>Mesontoplatys Motschulsky, 1863: 462; G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 190.</p> <p>Distribution: Afrotropical and Oriental Regions.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA129FFBFFA9DF89AFC9CBEC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFEDBFC65BC02.text	0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFEDBFC65BC02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mesontoplatys bolzi (Petrovitz) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Mesontoplatys bolzi (Petrovitz) n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius (Mesontoplatys) bolzi Petrovitz, 1967: 211.</p> <p>Specimens examined (4): Kenya, Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (4). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Tanzania, these specimens may be the first Kenya records.</p> <p>Dung preference: All four specimens were found in impala dung.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFEDBFC65BC02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFDBAFDEEBCE2.text	0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFDBAFDEEBCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neocolobopterus Landin 1974	<div><p>GENUS Neocolobopterus Landin</p> <p>Colobopterus (Neocolobopterus) Landin, 1974: 235.</p> <p>Neocolobopterus: G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 198.</p> <p>Distribution: Afrotropical Region.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFDBAFDEEBCE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFCFBFA21BAE2.text	0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFCFBFA21BAE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neocolobopterus maculicollis (Reiche) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Neocolobopterus maculicollis (Reiche), n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius maculicollis Reiche, 1847: 341.</p> <p>Aphodius (Neocolobopterus) maculicollis: G. Dellacasa, 1986: 209.</p> <p>Neocolobopterus maculicollis: Cambefort and Bordat 2003: 572.</p> <p>Specimens examined (36): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon (14); idem, leg. R. Gordon, cattle dung (5); idem, leg. R Gordon, African Buffalo dung (3); idem, leg. R. Gordon, pitfall trap Impala dung (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, pitfall trap cow dung (11); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #3, leg. R. Gordon, cattle dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-31.VIII.2001, leg. Kadir Abdi, Zebra dung (1); idem, leg. Kadir Abdi, Waterbuck dung (2). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Afrotropical region.</p> <p>Dung preference: A dung generalist, specimens found in dung of cattle, impala, waterbuck, and zebra.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFCFBFA21BAE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFA3BFAA7B962.text	0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFA3BFAA7B962.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nobius hepaticus (Roth 1851)	<div><p>Nobius hepaticus (Roth, 1851)</p> <p>Aphodius hepaticus Roth, 1851: 132</p> <p>Nobius hepaticus: Paulian, 1942: 87</p> <p>Aphodius (Artengruppe Nobius) hepaticus Endrödi, 1960: 207</p> <p>Specimens examined (10): Laikipia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.85/lat 0.5)">Impala Ranch</a>, N00 o 30’ - E36 o 51’, 1-13. V.2002, #6, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (2); idem, leg. R. Gordon, African Buffalo dung (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (3); idem, leg. R. Gordon, pitfall trap cow dung (1). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Eastern and central Africa.</p> <p>Dung preference: A generalist, taken from dung of buffalo, cattle, impala, and also at light.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFA3BFAA7B962	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFAFAFCB1BBA2.text	0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFAFAFCB1BBA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nobius Mulsant and Rey	<div><p>GENUS Nobius Mulsant and Rey</p> <p>Aphodius (Nobius) Mulsant and Rey, 1870: 563.</p> <p>Nobius: Paulian, 1942: 86; G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 211.</p> <p>Distribution: Palearctic and Afrotropical Regions.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA128FFBFFA9DFAFAFCB1BBA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DFE5AFA21BDC2.text	0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DFE5AFA21BDC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pharaphodius : Paulian 1942	<div><p>Key to Laikipia species of Pharaphodius</p> <p>1. Length less than 5.0 mm.......................................................................... P. ignotus (Schmidt)</p> <p>— Length more than 5.0 mm.......................................................................................................... 2</p> <p>2(1). Elytral intervals flat, striae feebly impressed; dorsal surface pale yellowish brown........................................................................................................................ P. resplendens (Balthasar)</p> <p>— Elytral intervals strongly convex, striae strongly impressed; dorsal surface brown, reddish brown, or piceous.................................................................................................................................. 3</p> <p>3(2). Clypeal apex abruptly angulate or slightly toothed on each side of median emargination; pronotal surface smooth, polished................................................................... P. fiechteri (Balthasar)</p> <p>— Clypeal apex rounded or slightly angulate on each side of median emargination; pronotal surface at least slightly alutaceous, dull or feebly shiny...................................................................... 4</p> <p>4(3). Posterior pronotal angle slightly sinuate; elytral intervals moderately convex, wide, 3X or more width of striae; dorsal color reddish brown........................................ P. infinitus (Schmidt)</p> <p>— Posterior pronotal angle broadly rounded; elytral intervals strongly convex, narrow, 2X width of striae; dorsal color dark brown to blackish.................................................. P. impurus Roth</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DFE5AFA21BDC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DFBFBFE15BBE2.text	0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DFBFBFE15BBE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pharaphodius fiechteri (Balthasar) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Pharaphodius (s. l.) fiechteri (Balthasar), n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius (Pharaphodius) fiechteri Balthasar, 1941: 127.</p> <p>Aphodius (Artengruppe Pharaphodius) fiechteri: Endrödi, 1960: 125.</p> <p>Specimens examined (14): Kenya, Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (4); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Hippopotamus dung (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, African Buffalo dung (2); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #3, leg. R. Gordon, Cattle dung (2); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #7, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-31.VIII.2001, leg. Kadir Abdi, Waterbuck dung (1) MRC, 1800 m, N. 00017 ', E36 o 53', 15-28.II.2001, #1, leg. R. Gordon, African buffalo dung (5). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Eastern Africa.</p> <p>Dung preference: A generalist, found in dung of buffalo, cattle, elephant, hippo, and waterbuck, also attracted to light.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DFBFBFE15BBE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DF9FBFC53B922.text	0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DF9FBFC53B922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pharaphodius ignotus (Schmidt) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Pharaphodius (s. l.) ignotus (Schmidt), n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius ignotus Schmidt, 1916: 99.</p> <p>Aphodius (Artengruppe Pharaphodius) ignotus: Endrödi, 1964: 124.</p> <p>Specimens examined (9): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (9). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Afrotropical region.</p> <p>Dung preference: Unknown, all specimens were taken at light.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DF9FBFC53B922	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DFF1AFAD0BF42.text	0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DFF1AFAD0BF42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pharaphodius Reitter 1892	<div><p>GENUS Pharaphodius Reitter</p> <p>Aphodius (Pharaphodius) Reitter, 1892: 172.</p> <p>Pharaphodius: Paulian, 1942: 31; G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 241.</p> <p>Distribution: Afrotropical, Oriental, and Palearctic Regions, also the Mexican Transition Zone.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12BFFBCFA9DFF1AFAD0BF42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DFF1BFCDBBCE2.text	0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DFF1BFCDBBCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pharaphodius impurus (Roth 1851)	<div><p>Pharaphodius (s. l.) impurus (Roth)</p> <p>Aphodius impurus Roth, 1851: 131.</p> <p>Pharaphodius impurus: Paulian, 1942: 40.</p> <p>Aphodius (Pharaphodius) impurus: Bordat, 1990a: 68.</p> <p>Specimens examined (42): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-30.IV.2002, leg. Kadir Abdi, Hippopotamus dung (2); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, African Buffalo dung (3); idem, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (3); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #3, leg. R. Gordon, Cattle dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #7, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (1); idem, 15-28.II.2001, #1, leg. R. Gordon, Waterbuck dung (12); idem, #1, leg. R. Gordon, Hippopotamus dung (7); idem, #1, leg. R. Gordon, African elephant dung (10); idem, #1, leg. R. Gordon, Giraffe dung (1); Laikipia Plateau, Mpala Research Centre, N 00017 ' N- E36 o 53', 1650 m, 17-20.IX.1999, leg. S.E. Miller, T. M. Kuklenski &amp; R. R. Snelling (2). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Afrotropical region.</p> <p>Dung preference: This is a certain generalist species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DFF1BFCDBBCE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DFCFBFD72BA62.text	0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DFCFBFD72BA62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pharaphodius infinitus (Schmidt 1920)	<div><p>Pharaphodius infinitus (Schmidt)</p> <p>Aphodius (Pharaphodius) infinitus Schmidt, 1920: 139.</p> <p>Pharaphodius infinitus: Paulian, 1942: 40.</p> <p>Aphodius (Artengruppe Pharaphodius) infinitus: Endrödi, 1964: 113.</p> <p>Specimens examined (17): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #7, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (10); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-31.XII.2001, leg. Kadir Abdi (6). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Eastern Africa.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DFCFBFD72BA62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DFB7BFB7DBBC2.text	0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DFB7BFB7DBBC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pharaphodius resplendens (Balthasar) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Pharaphodius (s. l.) resplendens (Balthasar), n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius (Pharaphodius) resplendens Balthasar, 1941: 128.</p> <p>Aphodius (Artengruppe Pharaphodius) resplendens: Endrödi, 1964: 119.</p> <p>Specimen examined (1): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #7, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (1). NMK (specimen damaged in shipment).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Somalia. This is the first Kenya record.</p> <p>Dung preference: Not known, the only specimen collected was take from elephant dung.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DFB7BFB7DBBC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DF9FAFC2EB882.text	0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DF9FAFC2EB882.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiogonus Mulsant 1842	<div><p>GENUS Plagiogonus Mulsant</p> <p>Plagiogonus Mulsant, 1842: 306; G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 243.</p> <p>Distribution: Afrotropical, Oriental, and Palearctic Regions.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12AFFBDFA9DF9FAFC2EB882	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12AFFBAFA9DF8DAFA21BEC2.text	0394878CA12AFFBAFA9DF8DAFA21BEC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiogonus Mulsant 1842	<div><p>Key to Laikipia species of Plagiogonus</p> <p>1. Clypeal apex deeply emarginate medially, lateral angles dentate or abruptly angulate................................................................................................................... P. clypeodentatus (Bordat) — Clypeal apex feebly emarginate, nearly truncate, lateral angles rounded... P. tertius (Bordat)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12AFFBAFA9DF8DAFA21BEC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFEFBFB17BC62.text	0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFEFBFB17BC62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiogonus clypeodentatus (Bordat) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Plagiogonus clypeodentatus (Bordat), n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius (Plagiogonus) clypeodentatus Bordat, 1990b: 141.</p> <p>Plagiogonus clypeodentatus: Bordat, 2005: 55.</p> <p>Specimens examined (5): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #8, leg. R. Gordon, Giraffe dung (3). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Somalia. This may be the first Kenya record.</p> <p>Dung preference: Probably a generalist, taken from dung of giraffe and impala.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFEFBFB17BC62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFD7BFB47BDE2.text	0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFD7BFB47BDE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plagiogonus tertius (Bordat) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Plagiogonus tertius (Bordat), n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius (Plagiogonus) tertius Bordat, 1992a: 136.</p> <p>Plagiogonus tertius: Bordat, 2005: 54.</p> <p>Specimens examined (3): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, cattle dung (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1- 13. V.2002, #7, leg. R. Gordon, cattle dung (1). (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Kenya.</p> <p>Dung preference: Almost certainly a generalist, found in dung of cattle and impala.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFD7BFB47BDE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFADAFA21BB62.text	0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFADAFA21BB62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleuraphodius : Paulian 1942	<div><p>Key to Laikipia species of Pleuraphodius</p> <p>1. Length 3.0 mm or less.............................................................. P. sp. nr. kavani (Balthasar)</p> <p>— Length 4.0 mm or more........................................................................................ P. leo Paulian</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFADAFA21BB62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFA7BFB0DB8C2.text	0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFA7BFB0DB8C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleuraphodius kavani (Balthasar) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Pleuraphodius kavani (Balthasar), n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius (Trichaphodius) kavani Balthasar, 1935: 69.</p> <p>Aphodius (Artengruppe Pleuraphodius) kavani: Endrödi, 1964: 89.</p> <p>Specimens examined (4): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, pitfall trap cow dung (3). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Eastern Africa.</p> <p>Dung preference: Probably a generalist, taken from dung of cattle and impala.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFA7BFB0DB8C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFB9AFC2EBAC2.text	0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFB9AFC2EBAC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleuraphodius Schmidt	<div><p>GENUS Pleuraphodius Schmidt</p> <p>Aphodius (Pleuraphodius) Schmidt, 1913: 121.</p> <p>Pleuraphodius: Paulian, 1942: 26; G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 249.</p> <p>Distribution: Afrotropical, Oriental, and Palearctic Regions.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12DFFBAFA9DFB9AFC2EBAC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12DFFBBFA9DF8DBFC41BF62.text	0394878CA12DFFBBFA9DF8DBFC41BF62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleuraphodius leo Paulian 1942	<div><p>Pleuraphodius leo Paulian</p> <p>Pleuraphodius leo Paulian, 1942: 30.</p> <p>Aphodius (Pleuraphodius) leo: Bordat, 1990a: 75.</p> <p>Specimens examined (5): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, Hippopotamus dung (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, African Buffalo dung, (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #7, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (2). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Eastern Africa and Madagascar.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12DFFBBFA9DF8DBFC41BF62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DFB9BFB2BBBA2.text	0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DFB9BFB2BBBA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichaphodioides calcaratus (Boheman 1857)	<div><p>Trichaphodioides calcaratus (s. l.) (Boheman)</p> <p>Aphodius calcaratus Boheman, 1857: 353.</p> <p>Trichaphodioides calcaratus: Paulian, 1942: 52.</p> <p>Specimens examined (21): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #8, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (18); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (2). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: This taxon, sensu lato, is known from eastern, central and southern Africa.</p> <p>Dung preference Unknown, specimens were found in elephant dung and at light.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DFB9BFB2BBBA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DF9DBFB25B942.text	0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DF9DBFB25B942.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichaphodioides cinerascens (Klug 1855)	<div><p>Trichaphodioides cinerascens (Klug)</p> <p>Aphodius cinerascens Klug, 1855: 656.</p> <p>Trichaphodioides cinerascens: Paulian, 1942: 53.</p> <p>Specimens examined (3): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-31.III.2001, leg. Kadir Abdi, Burchell’s Zebra dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13.V.2002, #7, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (2). (NMK, two specimen lost in shipment).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Eastern, Western, central and southern Africa.</p> <p>Dung preference: Probably a dung generalist, found in elephant and zebra dung.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DF9DBFB25B942	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DFE7AFDE7BC02.text	0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DFE7AFDE7BC02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichaphodioides Paulian 1942	<div><p>GENUS Trichaphodioides Paulian</p> <p>Trichaphodioides Paulian, 1942: 52; G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 289.</p> <p>Distribution: Afrotropical Region</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DFE7AFDE7BC02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DFD9AFA21BA02.text	0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DFD9AFA21BA02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichaphodioides Paulian 1942	<div><p>Key to Laikipia species of Trichaphodioides</p> <p>1. Elytra completely pubescent, pubescence on disc distinctly visible........ T. cinerascens (Klug)</p> <p>— Elytra with apical and lateral pubescence, disc not pubescent, or if so pubescence not distinctly visible........................................................................................................................................ 2</p> <p>2(1). Ventral surface yellow, if dark then legs pale yellow; elytra pale brownish yellow, with contrasting transverse dark mark on apical declivity of each elytron...................... T. schaumi (Harold)</p> <p>— Ventral surface brown or dark brown, legs brown or yellowish brown; elytra brown, with or without obscure transverse mark on apical declivity of each elytron...................................... 3</p> <p>3(2). Dorsal color predominantly reddish brown; elytral intervals alutaceous, shiny; body comparatively short, wide..................................................................................... T. calcaratus (Boheman)</p> <p>— Dorsal color predominantly dark brown; elytral intervals alutaceous, dull; body comparatively elongate, narrow................................................................................. T. pulchellus (Müller)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12CFFBBFA9DFD9AFA21BA02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFF1BFA21BCA2.text	0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFF1BFA21BCA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichaphodioides pulchellus (Muller) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Trichaphodioides pulchellus (Müller) n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius (Trichaphodius) pulchellus Müller, 1941: 344.</p> <p>Specimens examined (72): Laikipia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.85/lat 0.5)">Impala Ranch</a>, N00 o 30’ - E36 o 51’, 1-13. V.2002, #6, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-31.III.2001, leg. Kadir Abdi, Burchell’s Zebra dung (3); Kenya, Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13.V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (25); idem, leg. R. Gordon, cattle dung (9); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Hippopotamus dung (3); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Impala dung (10); idem, leg. R. Gordon, African Buffalo dung (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, Zebra dung (1); idem, leg. R. Gordon, pitfall trap cow dung (2); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #7, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (17); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2002, #8, leg. R. Gordon, African Elephant dung (2); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-31.VIII.2001, leg. Kadir Abdi, Zebra dung (1). (MRC) (NMK (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Eastern Africa.</p> <p>Dung preference: A generalist, found in almost all mammal dung examined, and also attracted to light.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFF1BFA21BCA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFCDBFCF5BA22.text	0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFCDBFCF5BA22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichaphodioides schaumi (Harold) Gordon & Bordat & Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2008	<div><p>Trichaphodioides schaumi (Harold), n. comb.</p> <p>Aphodius schaumi Harold, 1859: 205.</p> <p>Aphodius (Trichaphodioides) schaumi: Bordat, 1994: 18.</p> <p>Specimens examined (2): Laikipia, MRC, 1800m, N 00 o 17' E 36 o 53', 15-28.II.2001, #1, R. Gordon, Hippopotamus dung (1); idem, R. Gordon, Waterbuck dung (1). (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Nigeria, Ethiopia and Kenya.</p> <p>Dung preference: Unknown, only two specimens found.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFCDBFCF5BA22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFA9BFDEBB882.text	0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFA9BFDEBB882.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichaphodius humilis : Paulian 1942	<div><p>Trichaphodius humilis (s. l.) (Roth)</p> <p>Aphodius humilis Roth, 1851: 132.</p> <p>Trichaphodius humilis: Paulian, 1942: 57.</p> <p>Aphodius (Trichaphodius) humilis: Bordat, 1989: 305.</p> <p>Specimens examined (6): Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-31.III.2001, leg. Kadir Abdi, Burchell’s Zebra dung (1); Laikipia, MRC, 1800 m, N00 o 17’ - E36 o 53’, 1-13. V.2003, #1, leg. R. Gordon, ultra violet light (5). (MRC) (NMK) (USNM).</p> <p>Geographical distribution: Eastern, central and southern Africa. The true T. humilis should be distributed in southern Africa only.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFA9BFDEBB882	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFB5AFC1CBB02.text	0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFB5AFC1CBB02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichaphodius Schmidt	<div><p>GENUS Trichaphodius Schmidt</p> <p>Aphodius (Trichaphodius) Schmidt, 1913: 136.</p> <p>Trichaphodius: Paulian, 1942: 53; G. Dellacasa et al., 2001: 291.</p> <p>Distribution: Afrotropical, Oriental and Palearctic Regions</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394878CA12FFFB8FA9DFB5AFC1CBB02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gordon, Robert D.;Bordat, Patrice;Dellacasa, Giovanni;Dellacasa, Marco	Gordon, Robert D., Bordat, Patrice, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Dellacasa, Marco (2008): Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of the Mpala Research Centre and environs, Laikipia District, Kenya. Insecta Mundi 2008 (28): 1-15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4532811
