taxonID	type	description	language	source
039787A37009FB6D62EAFE1AFB4013DA.taxon	description	Description: — Basidiomata stalked. Peridium subglobose or globose, 1.4 – 1.5 cm in diam. Exoperidium composed of many, dark brown (2 E 3), cone-shaped or pyramid-shaped warts or appendages of varying sizes, which occasionally fall off with age. Mesoperidium absent. Endoperidium brown (3 E 5), with many polygonal grids on the surface when mature. Ostiolum star-shaped, teeth 4 – 6, yellow (4 A 5) when young, vermilion (9 B 7) when mature, exposing a white spore bag. Spore-sac yellowish (1 A 2), membranous, 0.5 cm in diam, with yellowish (1 A 2) power, connected to the ostiolum. Stipe strongly developed, central, 2.5 – 4 × 1.2 cm; surface gelatinous, dark brown (4 E 7), composed of many regularly arranged and occasional branching longitudinal cords. Basidiospores [360 / 18 / 6] (13.5 –) 14 – 20 (– 20.5) × (14 –) 14.5 – 20 μm, Q = (0.93 –) 0.94 – 1.05 (– 1.06), Qm = 1.00 ± 0.03 (including ornamentation), [360 / 18 / 6] (7 –) 8.5 – 12 × (7 –) 8.5 – 12 μm, Q = (0.92 –) 0.94 – 1.05 (– 1.09), Qm = 1.00 ± 0.03 (excluding ornamentation), globose, petal-like under light microscope, petals consist of many vertical lines under SEM, hyaline to pale yellow in KOH. Basidia not seen. Exoperidium hyphae sparsely branched, gelatinized, pale yellow in KOH; terminal cells 31 – 68 × 12 – 16 μm, slightly thick-walled (0.2 – 0.4 μm). Endoperidium hyphae hyaline to yellowish in KOH, occasionally branched; terminal cells 23 – 110 × 3 – 4 μm, thick-walled (1 – 3 μm). Stipe hyphae composed of two layers; hyphae in the first layer pale yellow, with terminal cells measuring 14 – 50 × 4 – 10 μm, thick-walled (2 – 5 μm); hyphae in the second layer hyaline, with terminal cells measuring 10 – 99 × 3 – 4.5 μm, slightly thick-walled (0.4 μm), occasionally with hyaline granular appendages. Clamp connections occasionally observed in endoperidium hyphae. Habitat: — Gregarious or scattered on yellow soil (pH 4.8) in forests dominated by Lithocarpus spp. Known distribution: — Fujian, Jiangxi (Liu et al. 2018) and Hainan Provinces of China. Specimens examined: — CHINA. Hainan Province: Limushan of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, elev. 750 m, 27 July 2017, N. K. Zeng 3128, 3132, 3135, 3137 (FHMU 2089, 2093, 2096, 2098); Yinggeling of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, elev. 800 m, 26 June 2013, N. K. Zeng 1199 (FHMU 765).	en	Xu, Chang, Liang, Zhi-Qun, Jiang, Shuai, Zhang, Ping, Huang, Sheng-Zhuo, Zeng, Nian- Kai (2022): Notes on two species of Calostoma (Calostomataceae, Boletales) from the south of China. Phytotaxa 533 (1): 49-61, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.533.1.2
039787A37004FB6262EAFBECFEAB134B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Latin “ sin - ” meaning China, holotype locality; “ cinnabarinum ” meaning the surface of peridium colored with a red tint. Diagnosis: — Characterized by a gelatinous, orange-red to fiery red peridium, a pale orange stipe, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with prominent reticulations, and a distribution in Asia. Holotype: — CHINA. Hunan Province: Yizhang County, Mangshan National Nature Reserve, 112 ° 93 ′ 21 ″ E, 24 ° 95 ′ 67 ″ 71 N, elev. 1200 m, 29 July 2019, N. K. Zeng 4157 (FHMU 3739). GenBank accession numbers: 28 S = OK 147440, ITS = OK 157459. Description: — Basidiomata stalked. Peridium subglobose or globose, 1.5 – 2.5 cm in diam. Exoperidium gelatinous, hyaline, with jelly-like and seed-like appendages when mature, finally falling off. Mesoperidium reddish orange (6 A 7) when young, then pale brown; surface nearly smooth, then cracked into irregular blocky lobes, finally falling off. Endoperidium red (6 B 8) to fiery red, velvet. Ostiolum vermilion (9 B 7), with upraised ridges, star-shaped, teeth 5 – 8, covered by the exoperidium and mesoperidium when young, exposed when mature. Stipe strongly developed, central, up to 1.8 cm long, about 2 cm wide, consisting of many lines extending from the bottom of the peridium and wrapped by the colloidal exoperidium. Basidiospores [220 / 11 / 4] 10 – 15 (– 16) × (8.5 –) 9 – 12 (– 13) μm, Q = (1.00 –) 1.04 – 1.50 (– 1.61), Qm = 1.25 ± 0.14 (including ornamentation), [220 / 11 / 4] (7 –) 8 – 13 (– 13.5) × (6 –) 6.5 – 9 (– 9.5) μm, Q = (1.00 –) 1.06 – 1.63 (– 1.86), Qm = 1.34 ± 0.19 (excluding ornamentation), broadly ellipsoid, with prominent reticulations, hyaline to pale yellow in KOH. Basidia not seen, disintegrating when mature. Exoperidium hyphae long, sparsely branched, gelatinized, hyaline to yellowish in KOH; terminal cells 12 – 85 × 2 – 3 μm, thick-walled (1 – 2 μm). Mesoperidium hyphae yellowish brown in KOH, occasionally branched, with yellowish brown, granular appendages; terminal cells 15 – 50 × 5 – 7 μm, slightly thick-walled (0.7 – 0.9 μm). Stipe hyphae composed of two layers; hyphae in the first layer lemon yellow, with terminal cells measuring 30 – 65 × 5 – 8.5 μm, thick-walled (1.5 – 2 μm); hyphae in the second layer hyaline to pale yellow, with terminal cells measuring 12 – 49 × 2 – 4 μm, slightly thick-walled (about 0.4 μm). Clamp connections observed in exoperidium hyphae and the second layer of stipe hyphae. Habitat: — Gregarious on dark brown soil (pH 5.5) in mixed forests of Lithocarpus spp. and Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang. Known distribution: — Central China (Hunan Province); eastern China (Jiangxi Province). Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Hunan Province: Yizhang County, Mangshan National Nature Reserve, elev. 1200 m, 20 July 2013, S. Z. Huang s. n. (FHMU 1007); same location, 29 July 2019, N. K. Zeng 4164, 4167 (FHMU 3732, 3818). Jiangxi Province: Wuyi Mountain, Tongmuguan, elev. 1080 m, 14 October 1993, M. Zang s. n. (HKAS 27132).	en	Xu, Chang, Liang, Zhi-Qun, Jiang, Shuai, Zhang, Ping, Huang, Sheng-Zhuo, Zeng, Nian- Kai (2022): Notes on two species of Calostoma (Calostomataceae, Boletales) from the south of China. Phytotaxa 533 (1): 49-61, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.533.1.2
