identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039687C0EF7AFF93FF3D8C29C45FFE6B.text	039687C0EF7AFF93FF3D8C29C45FFE6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actenoncus Chaudoir 1871	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Actenoncus Chaudoir, 1871</p>
            <p> Type species  A. atratus Chaudoir, 1871 (=  A. ater (Castelnau), 1835 ), in MNHN. Chaudoir, 1871: 126; Andrewes, 1930: 9; Lorenz, 2005: 392 </p>
            <p> Redefinition of the generic character states of  Actenoncus Chaudoir. The members of  Actenoncus can be recognized from other orthogonines by the following character states combined: medium-sized (length 12.0- 17.0 mm) for orthogonines; mandibles short, right mandible with (  A. foersteri ) or without (other species) a median tooth; mentum asetose; palpiger with a seta at base; frontal impressions deep, well marked; eyes very large, and very prominent; antennae stout, pubescent from basal one-third of antennomere 4; pronotum strongly transverse, hind angle broadly rounded, median portion of hind margin more or less produced backwards; lateral expanded margins of pronotum well defined, wide or narrow, reflexed or not, and more or less twisted; elytral intervals without setiferous pore; striae shallow or rather deep, punctures large or small, isolated or connected one other; intervals subequal width each other in middle; elytral base unbordered, apex rounded, inner angle with a small but evident denticle; legs slender, spines and spurs short and small; fore tibia slightly dilated at apex, outer angle somewhat rectangular, apex slightly rounded; mid- and hind tibiae hardly enlarged at apex; hind tibia with apical spurs short and sharp; hind tarsomere 1 much longer than 2, tarsomere 3 as long as tarsomere 4, tarsomere 4 asymmetrically and slightly emarginated or deeply bilobed at apex; mid- and hind coxae glabrous in median portion and all tarsal claws simple. Morphological habitus images of  Actenoncus species are given in Figs. 1–4. </p>
            <p>Male genitalia. Median lobe of aedeagus widely opening dorsally, stout or slender, the apical lamella very short (Figs. 8–10).</p>
            <p>Sexual dimorphism. Male specimens with adhesive setae on fore tarsi, while only with simple setae in female, and abdominal ventrite VII more or less emarginated in male (Figs. 5–7), but complete in female.</p>
            <p>Geographical distribution. Southeast Asia.</p>
            <p> To date 3 species of  Actenoncus have been recorded, viz,  A. ater (Castelnau), 1834 ,  A. foersteri (Andrewes), 1931 and  A. punctatus Tian and Deuve, 2006 . In addition, a new species,  A. wallacei ,  new species , is hereby described and illustrated from Indonesia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687C0EF7AFF93FF3D8C29C45FFE6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tian, Ming-Yi;Deuve, Thierry	Tian, Ming-Yi, Deuve, Thierry (2009): A review of the genus Actenoncus Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Caraboidea: Orthogoniini). Zootaxa 2135: 57-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188480
039687C0EF7AFF90FF3D88DEC28EF97A.text	039687C0EF7AFF90FF3D88DEC28EF97A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actenoncus Chaudoir	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to species of  Actenoncus Chaudoir</p>
            <p> 1 Eyes very large and very prominent, elytral apical inner angle with a small but evident denticle; elytral intervals without setiferous pore (  Actenoncus Chaudoir ) ........................................................................................................... 2 </p>
            <p> 1’ Eyes small to moderate, and less prominent, elytral apical inner angle without an evident denticle, at least elytral interval 3 with setiferous pores ......................................................................................... other genera of  Orthogoniini</p>
            <p> 2 Black, surface smooth, impunctate, more convex .............................................................................................  A. ater</p>
            <p>2’ Brown to dark brown, more or less punctate, surface less convex ............................................................................. 3</p>
            <p> 3 Antennae comparatively stouter, only extending to base of elytra, pronotum impunctate ...  A. wallacei ,  new species</p>
            <p>3’ Antennae longer, extending at least to basal 1/4 of elytra, pronotum evidently punctate ........................................... 4</p>
            <p> 4 Right mandible without median tooth, elytral striae shallow, with large and isolated punctures; abdominal ventrite VII deeply emarginated at apical margin in male; aedeagus more slender ...............................................  A. punctatus</p>
            <p> 4’ Right mandible with a distinct median tooth, elytral striae deep, punctures smaller and connected; abdominal ven- trite VII shallowly emarginated at apical margin.........................................................................................  A. foersteri</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687C0EF7AFF90FF3D88DEC28EF97A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tian, Ming-Yi;Deuve, Thierry	Tian, Ming-Yi, Deuve, Thierry (2009): A review of the genus Actenoncus Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Caraboidea: Orthogoniini). Zootaxa 2135: 57-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188480
039687C0EF78FF91FF3D8EFEC61BFED0.text	039687C0EF78FF91FF3D8EFEC61BFED0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actenoncus ater (Castelnau) Castelnau	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Actenoncus ater (Castelnau)</p>
            <p>(Figs. 1, 5 and 8)</p>
            <p> Lebia ater: Castelnau, 1835: 48</p>
            <p> Actenoncus atratus: Chaudoir, 1871: 126</p>
            <p> Actenoncus ater: Chaudoir, 1878: 7 ; Andrewes, 1930: 9; Csiki, 1932: 1592; Lorenz, 2005: 392 </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Medium to large, body more convex, dark brown to black, surface smooth and impunctate, right mandible without median tooth, labrum slightly emarginated at frontal margin, elytral striae shallow, with punctures isolated, abdominal ventrite VII more or less emarginated at apical margin in male.</p>
            <p>Length: 14.5–17.0 mm, width: 6.5–7.2 mm.</p>
            <p>Dark brown to black except for femora reddish brown. Habitus as in Fig. 1.</p>
            <p>Surface smooth, glabrous and impunctate. Microsculptural meshes densely isodiametric on elytra, but faint or somewhat transverse on head and pronotum.</p>
            <p> Head as long as wide, eyes very large and extraordinary prominent, frons and vertex convex, frontal impressions very deep, but rather narrow and rather long compared to other members of  Actenoncus ; clypeus bisetose, surface quite even; labrum with frontal margin slightly emarginated; mandibles rather short, right mandible without median tooth; palpi stout, subcylindrical, maxillary palpomere 3 as long as 4, both glabrous, except palpomere 3 with two or three short setae at apex; labial palpomere 2 slightly longer than 3; labial palpomere 2 bisetose at subapex in inner margin; ligula small and narrow, bisetose at apex; mentum without median tooth, asetose, submentum with a pair of setae; palpiger unisetose; antennae extending beyond basal one-fifth of elytra; antennomeres 1 and 4 subequal, slightly longer than 3, and twice as long as 2. </p>
            <p>Pronotum transverse, PW/PL=1.7–1.8, disc strongly convex; sides evenly expanded, widest at a little before middle, lateral expanded margins well defined, wide and flat, hardly reflexed; fore and hind angles rounded; basal margin distinctly produced backwards in median portion; both fore and hind transversal impressions distinct, basal foveae large and deep, connected to expanded margins.</p>
            <p>Elytra elongate ovate, EL/EW=1.7–1.75, strongly convex, widest a little behind middle, base unbordered; sides slightly expanded in middle portion and hardly paralleled; apex broadly truncate, outer angles rounded, slightly but distinctly contracted near inner angle, making a denticle; striae shallow, punctures isolated; intervals flat, smooth and without setiferous pore.</p>
            <p>Prosternal process unbordered at apex. Hind tarsomere 4 bilobed at apex. Abdominal ventrite VII with two pairs (in female), three or four (in male) pairs of setae, that of male distinctly or shallowly emarginated at apical margin (Fig. 5).</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. Median lobe of aedeagus stout, apical portion somewhat bent, blunt (or rather sharp in one specimen) at apex in profile, the apical lamella very short, broad (or rather pointed) at apex (Fig. 8).</p>
            <p>Distribution. Indonesia and Thailand (after Csiki, 1932).</p>
            <p> Materials examined. 1 female, the holotype of  A. atratus Chaudoir , “  ater Castelnau , Java, Coll. Dejean”, “Ex-Musaeo Mniszech”, “  atratus Chaud. , actena Dej.” (MNHN); 1 male, “Java”, “Janson, Acq. 1884” (MNHN); 2 males 1 female, “Java, Mts. Kawie, Pasoeroean”, “Museum Paris, Ex. Coll. M. Maindron, Coll. G. Babault, 1930” (MNHN, except a male in SCAU); 1 female: “W. Sumatra Prov., Kenici, Seblat N. P., 24 km NE Tapan: Muara Sako- E env., 2.05 S / 101.15 E, 400–550 m, Dembicky leg, 4–18. III. 2003 ” (NHMB); 1 female, “Java, Bajaekidrel, Temocyoeroch ss/ol, Jan. 1934, leg. Blom”, and “Coll. Dr. D. Mac Gillarry” (ZMAN). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687C0EF78FF91FF3D8EFEC61BFED0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tian, Ming-Yi;Deuve, Thierry	Tian, Ming-Yi, Deuve, Thierry (2009): A review of the genus Actenoncus Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Caraboidea: Orthogoniini). Zootaxa 2135: 57-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188480
039687C0EF78FF97FF3D8953C437FC31.text	039687C0EF78FF97FF3D8953C437FC31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actenoncus wallacei	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Actenoncus wallacei ,  new species</p>
            <p>(Fig. 2)</p>
            <p>Holotype. female, labeled “Homut/Wallace” only, in Bates’ Collection, MNHN. The collecting data of the unique specimen is missing but we presume that it was collected by Homut and Wallace from Indonesia.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized, dark brown or brownish, right mandible without median tooth, labrum straight at frontal margin, head with small punctures at frons and vertex, pronotum smooth, impunctate, elytral striae shallow, punctures large and connected one another.</p>
            <p>Length: 15.5 mm; width: 6.3 mm.</p>
            <p>Head and disc of pronotum dark brown, elytra, lateral expanded margins of pronotum, antennae and legs brownish. Habitus as in Fig. 2.</p>
            <p>Surface very shiny, head with sparse, small punctures only near eyes, frons and vertex; smooth and glabrous; pronotum impunctate, smooth and glabrous. Microsculptural meshes densely isodiametric.</p>
            <p>Head as long as wide; eyes large, extraordinary prominent, neck constricted, labrum straight at frontal margin; frontal impressions deep, very wide, but short, extending only to the level of fore margins of eyes; clypeus bisetose, base distinctly raised, and with a furrow in median portion; mandibles stout, right mandible without median tooth; palpi subcylindrical, slightly dilated and stout; maxillary palpomere 3 as long as 4, both glabrous except palpomere 3 with two or three short setae at apex; labial palpomere 2 slightly longer than 3; labial palpomere 2 bisetose at subapex in inner margin; ligula narrow, bisetose; mentum without median tooth, asetose, submentum with a pair of setae; palpiger unisetose; antennae short and stout, only reaching the base of elytra; antennomeres 1 and 4 subequal, slightly longer than 3, and nearly twice as long as 2.</p>
            <p>Pronotum strongly transverse, PW/PL=1.67, disc strongly convex; markedly expanded at sides, widest at about middle, lateral expanded margins rather narrow, evenly widened, and distinctly reflexed; fore and hind angles rounded, basal margin distinctly produced backwards in median portion; both transversal impressions well marked, basal foveae wide and deep.</p>
            <p>Elytra elongate ovate, EL/EW=1.5, convex; base unbordered, widest a little behind middle, slightly paralleled at sides; apex broadly truncate, inner angle nearly rectangular, pointed; strial punctures large, wellmarked and striate (connected each other, especially in apical half, almost striate near apex), intervals flat, equal in width at middle, impunctate, except a row of tiny punctures at basal part of interval 6; interval 3 without setiferous pore.</p>
            <p>Prosternal process unbordered at apex. Hind tarsomere 4 bilobed at apex. Abdominal ventrite VII complete at apical margin, bisetose on either side.</p>
            <p>Male. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This new species differs from  A. punctatus by the following morphological features: (1) pronotum impunctate; (2) front of labrum nearly straight (while emarginated in  A. punctatus ); (3) elytral striae deep, evidently punctate and connected one another (striae shallow, with punctures larger but isolated in  A. punctatus ); (4) pronotum with lateral expanded margins narrower, quite even, and reflexed (wider, uneven and flat in  A. punctatus ); and (5) antennae stouter, only extending to base of elytra (but at 1/4 of basal elytra in  A. punctatus ). Compared with  A. foersteri , this new species is broader in form, pronotum impunctate, elytral striae largely punctate (but smaller in  A. foersteri ), and right mandible without median tooth (evidently toothed in  A. foersteri ). </p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific name of this new species is dedicated to Alfred R. Wallace, a well-known British traveler and naturalist in the 19th century.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Indonesia, detailed locality unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687C0EF78FF97FF3D8953C437FC31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tian, Ming-Yi;Deuve, Thierry	Tian, Ming-Yi, Deuve, Thierry (2009): A review of the genus Actenoncus Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Caraboidea: Orthogoniini). Zootaxa 2135: 57-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188480
039687C0EF7EFF94FF3D8A37C52AFA01.text	039687C0EF7EFF94FF3D8A37C52AFA01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actenoncus punctatus Tian and Deuve	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Actenoncus punctatus Tian and Deuve</p>
            <p>(Figs. 3, 6 and 9)</p>
            <p> Actenoncus punctatus Tian and Deuve, 2006b: 152</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Rather small, light dark brown, right mandible without median tooth, labrum emarginated at frontal margin, head and pronotum coarsely punctate, elytral striae shallow, punctures large and isolated; abdominal ventrite VII deeply emarginated at apical margin in male, aedeagus more slender.</p>
            <p>Length: 13.5 mm; width: 5.5 mm.</p>
            <p>Body light dark brown. Habitus as in Fig. 3.</p>
            <p>Surface very shiny, head and pronotum with sparse and small punctures, elytra glabrous. Microsculptural meshes densely isodiametric.</p>
            <p> Head as long as wide; eyes large, extraordinary prominent, neck constricted, labrum slightly emarginated at frontal margin, frontal impressions deep and short, not extending the level of fore margins of eyes; clypeus bisetose, base slightly raised; mandibles strong, right mandible without median tooth; palpi similar to those of above species; ligula narrow, bisetose at apex; mentum without median tooth, asetose, submentum with a pair of setae; palpiger unisetose; antennae similar to those of  A. wallacei , but extending to basal one-fourth of elytra. </p>
            <p>Pronotum similar to that of above species (PW/PL=1.6), but lateral expanded margins wider, basal margin slightly produced backwards in median portion.</p>
            <p>Elytra elongate ovate, EL/EW=1.5, convex; base unbordered, widest a little behind middle, paralleled at sides; apex broadly truncate, inner angle nearly rectangular, pointed; elytral striae shallow, strial punctures large, well-marked and isolated; intervals flat, equal in width at middle, without puncture and setiferous pore, except a row of tiny punctures at basal part of interval 8.</p>
            <p>Prosternal process unbordered at apex. Hind tarsomere 4 slightly emarginated at apex. Abdominal ventrite VII slightly emarginated at apical margin in male (Fig. 6).</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. The median lobe of aedeagus slender and elongate, slightly expanded in median portion, the apical lamella slightly longer than wide, rounded at apex (Fig. 9).</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Indonesia and Malaysia, occurring in the islands of Borneo and Sumatra.</p>
            <p> Materials examined. 1 male, the holotype, “Borneo Occ. Pontainak, 1899”, from west Borneo, Indonesia (MNHN); 1 male, a paratype, “Borneo, 3412”, “Bowring, 63.47” and “  Actenoncus sp. n. ”(NHML); 1 male, a paratype, “Sumatra, 1979, E. W. Diehl”, “Sinder Raya, 14. X., 40 km, W. Dolok M.”, in (NHMB); 1 male, “ Malaysia: Sabah Mt., Kinabalu Park, Poring Hot, Springs, 15–30. 12. 1995 ”, and “Coll. Natur. Museum Stuttgart, W. Schawaller” (NHMS). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687C0EF7EFF94FF3D8A37C52AFA01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tian, Ming-Yi;Deuve, Thierry	Tian, Ming-Yi, Deuve, Thierry (2009): A review of the genus Actenoncus Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Caraboidea: Orthogoniini). Zootaxa 2135: 57-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188480
039687C0EF7DFF95FF3D8CE7C641F9F5.text	039687C0EF7DFF95FF3D8CE7C641F9F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actenoncus foersteri (Andrewes) Andrewes	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Actenoncus foersteri (Andrewes) ,  new combination</p>
            <p>(Figs. 4, 7 and 10)</p>
            <p> Orthogonius foersteri Andrewes, 1931: 59 ; Lorenz, 2005: 391 </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Small, right mandible with an evident median tooth, labrum slightly emarginated at frontal margin, head and pronotum sparsely punctate, elytral striae deep, striate-punctate; abdominal ventrite VII shallowly emarginated at apical margin in male.</p>
            <p>Length: 12.5 mm, width: 5.0 mm.</p>
            <p>Dark brown, shiny. Habitus as in Fig. 4.</p>
            <p>Surface smooth, head and pronotum sparsely punctate, elytral punctate-striate and lined. Microsculptural meshes densely isodiametric on elytra, but faint on head and pronotum.</p>
            <p>Head as long as wide, eyes very large and extraordinary prominent, neck constricted, frons and vertex rather flat, labrum with frontal margin slightly emarginated or almost straight; frontal impressions deep and wide, not extending to the level of fore margins of eyes; clypeus bisetose, surface quite even; mandibles rather short, right mandible with an evident median tooth; ligula small and narrow, bisetose at apex; palpi rather stout, subcylindrical, maxillary palpomere 3 as long as 4, both glabrous; labial palpomere 2 slightly longer than 3, palpomere 2 asetose at subapex in inner margin; mentum without median tooth, asetose, submentum with a pair of setae; palpiger unisetose; antennae strongly stout and rather long, extending beyond basal onefourth of elytra; pubescent from basal one-third of antennomere 4; antennomere 2 wider than long, antennomere 1 as long as 4, slightly longer than 3, and twice as long as 2.</p>
            <p>Pronotum strongly transverse, PW/PL=1.8, disc convex; sides evenly expanded, widest at a little before middle, lateral expanded margins well defined, wide and distinctly reflexed; fore and hind angles rounded; both fore and hind transversal impressions distinct, basal foveae large and deep.</p>
            <p>Elytra elongate ovate, EL/EW=1.4, convex; base unbordered, widest a little behind middle, sides somewhat paralleled; apex broadly truncate, outer angles rounded, slightly but distinctly contracted near inner angle, making a denticle; elytral striae rather deep, punctate-striate and lined; intervals convex, subequal in width in middle, smooth and without setiferous pore.</p>
            <p>Prosternal process unbordered at apex. Hind tarsomere 4 bilobed at apex. Abdominal ventrite VII with two pairs in male and female, that of male shallowly emarginated at apical margin (Fig. 7).</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. The median lobe of aedeagus rather slender, apical portion slightly bent, sharp at apex in profile, the apical lamella very short, and broad (Fig. 10).</p>
            <p> Remarks. According to Chaudoir (1871), the right mandible with or without an evident median tooth is a crucial character to distinguish  Orthogonius Macleay and  Actenoncus Chaudoir. Therefore, Andrewes placed this species into genus  Orthogonius since there is an evident median tooth on its right mandible. But further comparisons showed that almost all other important generic character states of  Actenoncus can be found in O. </p>
            <p> foersteri apart from the teethed right mandible. Therefore, this species is transferred into  Actenoncus . Within the genus,  A. foersteri is most similar to  A. wallacei n. sp. , and the main differences between them have been pointed out above. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Indonesia, occurring in Sumatra.</p>
            <p> Materials examined. 1 female, the holotype, “Indrapoura, Sumatra, J. Weyers Collection, E. Ronsseau”, and “  Orthogonius försteri , Type, Andr., 1931 ” (IRSNB); 1 male, a paratype, same data as the holotype (IRSNB); 1 male, “Palembang, Sumatra” and “Museum Paris, Ex. Coll. M. Maindron, Coll. G. Babault, 1930”(MNHN). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687C0EF7DFF95FF3D8CE7C641F9F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tian, Ming-Yi;Deuve, Thierry	Tian, Ming-Yi, Deuve, Thierry (2009): A review of the genus Actenoncus Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Caraboidea: Orthogoniini). Zootaxa 2135: 57-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188480
