taxonID	type	description	language	source
038987BFFFB2FFD3FEB7150B1C17FB9E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the wide and shallow antennal pocket that lacks hypomeral setae, the short maxillary palpi and legs, the 10 articles of the antenna, the reduced hydrofuge pubescence, and the two brush­like clusters of setae on the last abdominal tergum of both sexes. Most species (except D. sequentia) are also recognized by the broadly explanate and transversely convex elytra, the wide clypeus, and the explanate pronotum which is notched on each side just before the acute posterior angle.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB2FFD3FEB7150B1C17FB9E.taxon	description	Description. Form: Broadly ovate, elytral disc transversely convex, pronotum explanate, elytra usually broadly explanate. Size: length / width (mm) varying from about 1.59 / 0.89 to 2.25 / 1.16. Head broad, width about 2 x length. Eyes rather small, in dorsal aspect ca. 7 – 8 facets in longest series. Temples each produced as minute tooth. Labrum usually set under anterior margin and at an angle to very broad clypeus. Ocelli moderately developed, subtriangular. Labroclypeal suture arcuate or weakly bisinuate. Maxillary palpus short, shorter than antenna, palpomeres 2, 3 and 4 length ratios about 3: 2: 5; last palpomere penicillate, length 1 / 2 basal width of mentum. Mentum length about 1 / 2 basal width; anterior margin obscured by dense setae. Genae rounded, divided by median groove, with a distinct lateral sulcus for reception of each antenna. Antennomeres 10 (5 + 5); pubescent club loosely articulated. Pronotum very transverse, length about 1 / 2 width; sides arcuate, more stongly so near base, then turning outward to form acute process at each posterolateral angle; sides denticulate; anterior margin nearly straight except for median 1 / 3 broadly and shallowly emarginate, narrow hyaline border in emargination; posterior margin median 1 / 3 produced slightly and with very narrow hyaline border; disc with anterior transverse depression and posterior u­shaped depression; lateral depressions broad, median area of each with low rounded relief; surface with setigerous granules. Prosternum with procoxae contiguous, apex of intercoxal process visible behind coxae; area in front of procoxae nearly flat, lacking median carina, on each side with small cluster of stiff spines; antennal cavity broad, shallow and microreticulate, lacking stiff or erect marginal setae; low ridge separating cavity from inflexed margin of pronotum, ridge becoming obsolete posteriorly; no carina separating pubescent prosternal area from non­pubescent inflexed margin of pronotum; coxal cavities nearly completely closed behind. Mesosternum with longitudinal ridge on each side; intercoxal process narrow. Metasternum sometimes with anterior intercoxal ridge contiguous with mesosternal intercoxal process; metasternum short, length about equal to length of mesocoxa in brachypterous forms, longer in pterous forms; median area midlongitudinal or oval impression, sometimes very shallow. Elytra conjointly transversely quite convex; humeral umbo absent in brachypterous forms; sutural stria in posterior half; each elytron with ten rows of punctures, plus, in some species, two rows on explanate margin. Abdomen with ventrites rather flat; hydrofuge pubescence varying among species; intercoxal ventrite small, triangular; last tergum bearing on each side a submarginal brushlike cluster of setae in both sexes. Legs short and stout, femur thickened; metafemur lateral margin arcuate; metatrochanter elongate, length slightly greater than 2 x width; tarsi very short, basal three tarsomeres connate, claws short and stout. Aedeagus usually with very short parameres, inserting near base of mainpiece. Spermatheca elongate, tubular. Antennal pocket (terminology as in Perkins, 1997) relatively wide and shallow, entirely microreticulate, with randomly distributed exocrine pores and narrow band of hydrofuge pubescence along lateral, anterior, and anteromedial margins; low, rounded hypomeral carina separates wet­ and bubble­hypomeron, carina becoming obsolete posteriorly; exocrine pores, about 25 – 35 in number, randomly distributed along inner margin of carina and between carina and reticulate hydrofuge; no organized clusters of pores or endapparatus, and no secretion sulcus on hypomeron; antennal pocket setae very small, about four in number, non­rigid (lie flat on cuticle in dry specimens) located at posterolateral margin of antennal pocket; prosternal antennal cleaner located near anterior margin of prosternum; no hydrofuge hairs between antennal cleaner and antennal pocket, otherwise antennal cleaner is surrounded by reticulate hydrofuge; exocrine pores located near base of antennal cleaner; periocular exocrine pores present at margin of eye; subocular antennal groove microreticulate, with numerous exocrine pores; postocular area clothed in hydrofuge pubescence; lacking specialized exocrine secretion delivery setae or sensilla.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB0FFD1FEB7175B1A09FBB6.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Cape­Cederberg, jeep track, 1130 m, 32 ° 28 ' S, 19 ° 14 ' E, sifted, marsh shore, 7 November 1983, Endrödy­Younga (# 2055); deposited in the TMSA.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB0FFD1FEB7175B1A09FBB6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the very narrow explanate margin of the elytra and the non­explanate anterior angles of the clypeus (Fig. 1).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB0FFD1FEB7175B1A09FBB6.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.62 / 0.70, head 0.31 / 0.44, pronotum 0.38 / 0.61, elytra 0.96 / 0.70. Dorsum piceus to black; venter dark brown. Frons gibbous between deep oblique foveae, disc moderately shining; decumbent pubescence short, small granule at base of each seta, on disc setae sparse, directed posteriad, near eyes setae denser, directed mediad. Clypeus anterior margin straight, anterior angles obtuse; sculptured and clothed as frons, but less densely. Labrum shining, very finely sparsely setose; apicomedian emargination slightly reflexed. Pronotum anterior margin weakly arcuate, median 1 / 2 with narrow hyaline border; anterior angles sharply rounded; sides markedly arcuate to slightly past midlength, then very weakly emarginate before posterior angles; posterior margin arcuate except emarginate near posterior angles. Sides minutely denticulate. Disc quite strongly roundly elevated between anterior semi­Y­shaped and posterior broadly U­shaped transverse impressions, clothed with moderately dense, short decumbent setae, socket of each seta with anterior rim raised to form distinct oblong or 8 ­ shaped granule; granules much denser and larger in impressions than on reliefs and lateral explanate area; surfaces between granules strongly shining. Elytra with explanate margin very narrow, sides weakly arcuate; sides minutely serrate, pubescence dense, short and overlapping. Ten seriate punctate, series striate impressed, punctures round, those near base contiguous longitudinally, posteriorly becoming little more separated and slightly smaller, each with distinct short decumbent seta, serial setae overlapping, each setal base with minute granule. Intervals impunctate, shining, flat, slightly narrower than serial punctures. Sutural margin raised slightly in posterior 1 / 2. Metasternum weakly convex, with very faint, shallow, narrow midlongitudinal impression in posterior 1 / 2. Thoracic sterna and abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 and basally 5 clothed with sparse short pubescence; pubescence of metasternum much denser laterally than on disc. Aedeagus total length 0.35 mm; mainpiece length 0.25 mm; parameres longer than other species in genus, about 1 / 3 length of mainpiece; mainpiece distal widened area uniquely shaped; flagellum not coiled or spiral, apical 1 / 4 weakly sclerotized and its shape can therefore vary depending on preparation; collar is either absent or indistinguishable from base of flagellum; mainpiece distal widened area has a raised part that could be homologous with, and plesiomorphic condition of, collar (Fig. 12).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB0FFD1FEB7175B1A09FBB6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin, sequentia (= sequence); the combination of apotypic vs. plesiotypic character states of this species reveals part of the sequence of development of derived characters in the genus.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB0FFD1FEB7175B1A09FBB6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known only from the type locality in the Cederberg mountains of the western Cape Province (Fig. 24).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB1FFDEFEB7107318B6F94E.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Cape Prov., Cape­Cederberg, jeep track, sifted marsh shore, elev. 1130 m, 32 ° 28 ' S, 19 ° 14 ' E, 7 November 1983, Endrödy­Younga (# 2055); deposited in the TMSA. Paratypes (87): Same data as holotype (65 TMSA). Cape Province: Katberg F., Beaufort D., arbres pourris, ZA 65, 1 – 30 January 1961, N. Leleup — (1 TMSA); Katberg F., Beaufort D., humus, ZA 64, 1 – 30 January 1961, N. Leleup — (1 TMSA); Devil's Kloff, sifted, elev. 850 m, 32 ° 28 ' S, 19 ° 6 ' E, 30 October 1981, Endrödy­ Younga (# 1909) — (16 TMSA); Little Karroo, Rus­en­vredewaterf, from waterfall, 33 ° 24 ' S, 22 ° 22 ' E, 22 October 1993, Endrödy­Younga (# 2896) — (2 TMSA); SE Cape, Alexandria For. St., UV light collection, 33 ° 43 ' S, 26 ° 23 ' E, 4 December 1987, Endrödy­ Younga (# 2552) — (1 TMSA); Sederberg, Middelburg, (Elskloofrivier), humus under bushes, ZA 100, elev. 1400 m, 33 ° 26 ' S, 19 ° 36 ' E, 1 – 30 July 1962, N. Leleup — (1 TMSA). Other material examined: Same data as holotype (1103 TMSA). Representative specimens to be deposited in AMG, ANIC, BMNH, CMNH, FMNH, MCZ, NMW, QMBA, SAMA, SAMC, and USNM.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB1FFDEFEB7107318B6F94E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the straight anterior margin of the clypeus, the densely, uniformly granulate pronotal disc, and the comparatively large size, length ca. 2.14 mm (Fig. 2).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB1FFDEFEB7107318B6F94E.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 2.14 / 1.07, head 0.38 / 0.58, pronotum 0.50 / 0.88, elytra 1.25 / 1.07. Dorsum brown, head and disc of pronotum piceous; venter brown, elytral epipleurae and pronotal hypomeron lighter. Frons flattened but feebly gibbous between oblique foveae, disc moderately shining; decumbent pubescence short, small granule at base of each seta, on disc setae sparse, directed posteriad, near eyes setae denser, directed mediad. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin straight, anterior angles rounded; sculptured and clothed as frons, but less densely. Labrum shining, very finely sparsely setose; apicomedian emargination slightly reflexed. Pronotum very transverse; anterior margin straight, median 1 / 2 with narrow hyaline border; anterior angles sharply rounded; sides weakly arcuate except emarginate before acute, tooth­like posterior angles; posterior margin arcuate except emarginate near posterior angles. Sides minutely denticulate. Disc quite strongly roundly elevated between anterior and posterior broadly U­shaped transverse impressions; clothed with moderately dense, short decumbent golden setae; socket of each seta very indistinct but anterior rim raised to form distinct oblong granule; granules rather uniformly dense on disc, much sparser laterally; interstices strongly shining. Lateral depressions shining between granules. Elytra with anterior angles sharply rounded, sides weakly arcuate to middle, then markedly attenuate to very narrowly truncate apices; lateral to tenth series broadly explanate almost to apex, moderately shining; sides minutely serrate, pubescence dense, short and overlapping. Ten seriate punctate, but two additional series on explanate margin, series barely striate impressed, if at all, punctures transversely oval, those near base contiguous longitudinally, posteriorly becoming little more separated and slightly smaller, each with distinct short decumbent seta, serial setae overlapping, each setal base with minute granule. Intervals impunctate, shining, flat, slightly wider than serial punctures. Sutural margin raised slightly in posterior 1 / 2. Metasternum with narrow midlongitudinal furrow. Thoracic sterna and abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 entirely and 5 basally clothed with sparse short pubescence, especially sparse medially, cuticle micropunctulate. Aedeagus total length 0.75 mm; mainpiece length 0.43 mm; mainpiece distal widened area and large collar diagnostically shaped; flagellum long, forming corkscrew spiral (Fig. 13).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB1FFDEFEB7107318B6F94E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of the late Sebastian Endrödy­Younga.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB1FFDEFEB7107318B6F94E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known from Cape Province, in an east­west distribution pattern (Fig. 25).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBFFFDCFEB7150B1DE3FE36.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley, 29 ° 39 ' S, 29 ° 12 ' E, shore washing, 10 March 1976, Endrödy­Younga, E. ­ Y. (# 1062); deposited in the TMSA. Paratypes (11): Same data as holotype, (10 TMSA). South Africa, Transvaal Prov., Station 9, headwaters of Wilge River, VAL 641 G, stones in current (surbers sampler), 28 ° 11 ' S, 29 ° 33 ' E — (1 AMG). Representative specimens to be deposited in AMG and MCZ.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBFFFDCFEB7150B1DE3FE36.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the very shining dorsum, the almost non­granulate pronotal discal relief, and the posteriorly acuminate elytra (Fig. 3).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBFFFDCFEB7150B1DE3FE36.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.80 / 0.87, head 0.32 / 0.50, pronotum 0.42 / 0.75, elytra 1.06 / 0.87. Dorsum shining, dark brown, head and disc of pronotum piceous; venter dark brown, elytral epipleurae and pronotal hypomeron lighter. Frons disc weakly transversely convex, longitudinally on about same plane as clypeus; very finely sparsely granulate, each granule with minute seta. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin straight, sides rounded, anterior angles obsolete, very finely sparsely granulate. Labrum apicomedian emargination slightly reflexed. Pronotum very transverse; anterior margin straight median 1 / 2 with narrow hyaline border; anterior angles sharply rounded; sides arcuate except emarginate before acute, tooth­like posterior angles; posterior margin arcuate except emarginate near posterior angles. Sides minutely denticulate. Disc quite strongly roundly elevated between anterior and posterior broadly U­shaped transverse impressions; granules dense in impressions, much finer and sparser on relief separating U­shaped impressions; lateral explanate area shining, with granules about as coarse as those in impressions, but much sparser. Elytra with anterior angles sharply rounded, sides weakly arcuate to middle, then markedly attenuate to very narrowly truncate apices; lateral to tenth series broadly explanate almost to apex; sides minutely serrate, pubescence dense, short and overlapping. Ten seriate punctate, but two additional series on explanate margin, series not striate impressed, punctures transversely oval, those near base contiguous longitudinally, becoming little more separated and slightly smaller posteriorly, each with distinct short decumbent seta, serial setae not overlapping, each setal base with minute granule. Intervals impunctate, shining, flat, slightly wider than serial punctures. Sutural margin raised slightly in posterior 1 / 2. Humeri almost obsolete. Metasternum with midlongitudinal impression. Thoracic sterna and abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 and basally 5 clothed with sparse short pubescence. Aedeagus total length 0.67 mm; mainpiece length 0.38 mm. The mainpiece distal widened area and the large collar are diagnostically shaped. The flagellum is long and forms a corkscrew spiral; the apical 1 / 5 is weakly sclerotized and its shape can therefore vary depending on the preparation (Fig. 14).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBFFFDCFEB7150B1DE3FE36.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the geographical distribution.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBFFFDCFEB7150B1DE3FE36.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known from the Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho and Transvaal Province of South Africa (Fig. 26). Notes. This is a flightless species; the wings are about 1 / 2 the length of the elytra.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBCFFDDFEB715F31D69FB46.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): S. W. Cape Mts., Hawequas SE, sifted, elev. 1100 m, 33 ° 34 ' S, 19 ° 8 ' E, 5 November 1973, Endrödy­Younga (# 202); deposited in the TMSA. Paratypes (231): Same data as holotype, (98 TMP). Cape Prov., Cape District, Table Mountain, Wynberg Cave Ravine, sieved from vegetable debris, elev. 822.96 m, 33 ° 58 ' S, 18 ° 25 ' E, 18 December 1950, Brinck & Rudebeck (SSAE Stn. 84) — (6 LUM); Cape Town, 33 ° 55 ' S, 18 ° 25 ' E, Raffray — (1 SAMC); same locality, 33 ° 25 ' S, 18 ° 25 ' E, 1 January – 30 December 1897, L. Peringuey — (12 SAMC); Cape­Cederberg, jeep track, sifted marsh shore, elev. 1130 m, 32 ° 28 ' S, 19 ° 14 ' E, 7 November 1983, Endrödy­Younga (# 2055) — (30 TMSA); Devil's Kloff, sifted, elev. 850 m, 32 ° 28 ' S, 19 ° 6 ' E, 30 October 1981, Endrödy­Younga (# 1909) — (64 TMSA); Kirstenbosch, Table Mountain, humus, ZA 39, 33 ° 58 ' S, 18 ° 25 ' E, 1 – 30 November 1960, N. Leleup — (2 TMSA); Piketberg District, (lower) Berg River, near Piketberg; Albany Museum catalog GBG 107 D, river, 32 ° 53 ' S, 18 ° 44 ' E, 11 October 1950, A. D. Harrison — (1 AMG); SW Cape, Grootdrif Farm, ground trap with meat bait, 61 days, 32 ° 24 ' S, 18 ° 27 ' E, 29 August 1981, Endrödy­ Younga (# 1861) — (1 TMSA); Table Mountain, Doline Bats Cave, humus, ZA 43, 33 ° 58 ' S, 18 ° 25 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1960, N. Leleup — (4 TMSA); W. Cape, Dwarsberge, sifted litter, 34 ° 2 ' S, 19 ° 1 ' E, 15 November 1973, Endrödy­Younga (# 253) — (5 TMSA); W. Cape, Hawequas, shore washing, 33 ° 34 ' S, 19 ° 8 ' E, 10 November 1973, Endrödy­Younga (# 226) — (7 TMSA). Representative specimens to be deposited in AMG and MCZ.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBCFFDDFEB715F31D69FB46.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Very similar to D. leleupi in form and sculpture (Figs. 4, 10), but smaller in body size (ca. 1.60 mm vs. 1.77 mm); reliable determinations should be based on the study of the male genitalia (Figs. 15, 21).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBCFFDDFEB715F31D69FB46.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.62 / 0.92, head 0.25 / 0.50, pronotum 0.39 / 0.72, elytra 1.13 / 0.92. Dorsum brownish­testaceous, head and disc of pronotum piceous; venter piceo­testaceous. Frons flattened but feebly gibbous between oblique foveae, disc with moderately dense granules, moderately shining; decumbent pubescence short but rather dense, small granule at base of each seta, on disc setae directed posteriad, near eyes setae directed mediad. Clypeus very transverse, anterior angles very widely rounded, sculptured and clothed as frons, but slightly less densely. Labrum finely microreticulate, moderately shining, pubescence very short and sparse; sinuation of anterior margin slightly reflexed. Pronotum very transverse; anterior margin weakly arcuate, median 1 / 2 with narrow hyaline border; anterior angles sharply rounded; sides weakly arcuate except emarginate before acute, tooth­like posterior angles; posterior margin arcuate except emarginate near posterior angles. Sides minutely denticulate. Disc quite strongly roundly elevated between anterior and posterior broadly U­shaped transverse impressions, clothed with moderately dense, short decumbent golden setae, socket of each seta very indistinct but anterior rim raised to form distinct oblong granule, some granules 8 ­ shaped; interstices strongly shining. Lateral depressions with setae and granules less dense than those on disc. Elytra with anterior angles sharply rounded, sides weakly arcuate to middle, then markedly attenuate to very narrowly truncate apices, sutural apex very minutely produced; external to tenth series broadly explanate almost to apex, moderately shining; sides minutely serrate, pubescence dense and short. Ten seriate punctate, but two additional series on explanate margin, series barely striate impressed, punctures transversely oval, those near base contiguous longitudinally, posteriorly becoming little more separated and slightly smaller, each with distinct short sub­decumbent seta; each setal base with minute granule. Intervals impunctate, shining in clean specimens, flat, slightly wider than serial punctures. Sutural margin raised slightly in posterior 1 / 2. Metasternum posteriorly with narrow but sharply impressed median furrow. Thoracic sterna and abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 entirely clothed with sparse short pubescence, especially sparse medially, cuticle micropunctulate. Aedeagus total length 0.60 mm; mainpiece length 0.35 mm; mainpiece gradually widening from near base to distal widened area; flagellum in form of corkscrew spiral; collar wraps around base of flagellum, distinctively shaped (Fig. 15).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBCFFDDFEB715F31D69FB46.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known from western Cape Province (Fig. 27).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBDFFDAFEB7113B182AF9EE.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): S. Cape Mt., Helderfontein S., 1220 m, 33.56 S — 20.52 E, sifted, alpine marsh, 10 March 1979, leg. Endrödy­Younga (# 1566); deposited in the TMSA. Paratypes (25): Same data as holotype, (9 TMSA). S. Cape Mt., Helderfontein, 1150 m, 33.56 ° S — 20.52 ° E, sifted, fynbos, 8 March 1979, leg. Endrödy­Younga (# 1561), (12 TMSA). Cape Pr., Knysna, Buffelsnek, berl. litter under shrubs in fynbos, 16 – 19 December 1979, S. & J. Peck, (# 169), (4 MCZ). Representative specimens to be deposited in AMG.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBDFFDAFEB7113B182AF9EE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the very transverse, comparatively short pronotum, the emarginate anterior margin of the clypeus, and the male genitalia (Figs. 5, 16).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBDFFDAFEB7113B182AF9EE.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.71 / 0.79, head 0.32 / 0.47, pronotum 0.38 / 0.68, elytra 1.00 / 0.79. Dorsum brown, explanate margin of pronotum and elytra lighter; venter brown. Frons flattened but feebly gibbous between oblique foveae, disc with moderately dense granules, moderately shining; decumbent pubescence short but rather dense, small granule at base of each seta, on disc setae directed posteriad, near eyes setae directed mediad. Clypeus very transverse, anterior angles very widely rounded, sculptured and clothed as frons, but slightly less densely. Labrum moderately shining, pubescence very short and sparse; apicomedian emargination slightly reflexed. Pronotum very transverse; anterior margin very weakly arcuate median 1 / 2 with narrow hyaline border; anterior angles sharply rounded; sides nearly straight, except emarginate before acute, tooth­like posterior angles; posterior margin arcuate except emarginate near posterior angles. Sides minutely denticulate. Disc roundly elevated between anterior and posterior broadly U­shaped transverse impressions; granules dense in impressions, much finer and sparser on relief separating U­shaped impressions; lateral explanate area shining, with granules about as coarse as those in impressions, but much sparser. Elytra with anterior angles sharply rounded, sides weakly arcuate to middle, then markedly attenuate to very narrowly truncate apices, sutural apex very minutely produced; external to tenth series broadly explanate almost to apex, moderately shining; sides minutely serrate, pubescence dense and short. Ten seriate punctate, but two additional series on explanate margin, series barely striate impressed, punctures transversely oval, those near base contiguous longitudinally, posteriorly becoming little more separated and slightly smaller, each with distinct short sub­decumbent seta; each setal base with minute granule. Intervals impunctate, shining in clean specimens, flat, slightly wider than serial punctures. Sutural margin raised slightly in posterior 1 / 2. Metasternum with low midlongitudinal carina in anterior 1 / 4, shallow fovea in posterior 3 / 4. Thoracic sterna and abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 and basally ventrite 5 clothed with sparse short pubescence. Aedeagus total length 0.46 mm; mainpiece length 0.35 mm; mainpiece rather uniform in width from base to near distal widened area; flagellum coiled distally, but not forming corkscrew; basal 1 / 2 stiff, remainder weakly sclerotized and its shape can therefore vary depending on preparation; collar (like D. sepiola and D. tibiovela) in front of flagellum only; shape of collar, base of flagellum and distal widened area, seen in lateral view, are diagnostic (Fig. 16).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBDFFDAFEB7113B182AF9EE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the very transverse, short pronotum.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBDFFDAFEB7113B182AF9EE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known from two localities in southern Cape Province (Fig. 28).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBAFFDBFEB712891BD1F8D1.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Cape, Swartberg Pass, 33 ° 54 ' S, 22 ° 01 ' E, 1770 m, sifted, 1. viii. 1979, Breytenbach, E. ­ Y. (# 1643); deposited in the TMSA. Paratypes: Same data as holotype — (2 TMSA).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBAFFDBFEB712891BD1F8D1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the very wide explanate margins of the elytra, the straight lateral margins of the pronotum, and the granulate frons disc (Fig. 6).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBAFFDBFEB712891BD1F8D1.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 2.05 / 1.08, head 0.31 / 0.57, pronotum 0.49 / 0.93, elytra 1.25 / 1.08. Dorsum generally dark brown, head and disc of pronotum piceous, explanate margins of pronotum and elytra brown; venter brown, elytral epipleurae and pronotal hypomeron lighter. Frons feebly gibbous between oblique foveae, disc densely granulate, granules becoming sparser laterally; decumbent setae short, directed posteriad on disc, directed mediad near eyes. Clypeus transverse, anteriorly weakly emarginate, anterior angles rounded; finely sparsely granulate across posterior 0.75, shining. Labrum very finely sparsely setose, shining; sinuation apicomedian emargination very slightly reflexed, if at all. Pronotum very transverse; anterior margin straight except weakly emarginate over median 1 / 2 with narrow hyaline border; anterior angles sharply rounded; sides straight until markedly arcuate before small emargination in front acute, tooth­like posterior angles; posterior margin arcuate except emarginate near posterior angles. Sides minutely denticulate. Disc roundly elevated between anterior and posterior broadly U­shaped transverse impressions, clothed with moderately dense, short decumbent golden setae, socket of each seta very indistinct but anterior rim raised to form distinct round granule; granules rather uniformly dense in impressions, sparser on relief; interstices strongly shining. Lateral explanate area strongly shining, granules much sparser than in impressions. Elytra with anterior angles sharply rounded, sides weakly arcuate to middle, then markedly attenuate to very narrowly truncate apices; lateral to tenth series very broadly explanate almost to apex, shining; sides minutely serrate, pubescence dense, short and overlapping. Ten seriate punctate, but two additional series on explanate margin, series not striate impressed, punctures transversely oval, those near base almost contiguous longitudinally, posteriorly becoming little more separated and slightly smaller, each with distinct short decumbent seta, serial setae overlapping, each setal base with minute granule. Intervals impunctate, shining, flat, slightly wider than serial punctures. Sutural margin raised over posterior 0.75. Humeri obsolete. Metanotum with wings about 1 / 2 the length of the elytra. Metasternum with midlongitudinal carina over anterior 1 / 2 and narrow midlongitudinal fovea over posterior 1 / 2. Thoracic sterna and abdominal ventrite 1 completely and ventrites 2 – 4 laterally with short pubescence. Aedeagus total length 1.06 mm; mainpiece length 0.68 mm; aedeagus large compared to other species; mainpiece distal widened area and large collar are diagnostically shaped; flagellum forms a rather tight corkscrew spiral, apical 1 / 5 weakly sclerotized and shape can therefore vary depending on preparation (Fig. 17).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBAFFDBFEB712891BD1F8D1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the helmet­like shape of the elytra.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFBAFFDBFEB712891BD1F8D1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known only from the type locality in the Swartberg mountains of the southern Cape Province (Fig. 29). Notes. This is a flightless species.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB8FFD9FEB7150B1DB7FDFE.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Cape Province, Little Karroo, Raubenheimer Dam, sifted shore debris, 33 ° 25 ' S, 22 ° 19 ' E, 21 October 1993, Endrödy­Younga (# 2887); deposited in the TMSA. Paratypes (18): Same data as holotype, (10 TMSA). Cape Prov., Cape, Langeberg, Ruiterbos For. St., sifted river debris, 33 ° 54 ' S, 22 ° 2 ' E, 4 November 1993, Endrödy­Younga (# 2936) — (1 TMSA); Helderfontein, sifted, fynbos, elev. 1150 m, 33 ° 56 ' S, 20 ° 52 ' E, 8 March 1979, Endrödy­Younga (# 1561) — (3 TMSA); Little Karroo, Kammanasieberge, water and shore, 33 ° 37 ' S, 22 ° 33 ' E, 21 November 1992, Endrödy­Younga (# 2931) — (1 TMSA); Little Karroo, Raubenheimer Dam, shore washing, after debris removed, 33 ° 25 ' S, 22 ° 19 ' E, 21 October 1993, Endrödy­Younga (# 2889) — (2 TMSA); Swartberge, Blesberg­E, grass netting, elev. 2000 m, 33 ° 25 ' S, 22 ° 41 ' E, 6 November 1978, Endrödy­ Younga (# 1509) — (1 TMSA). Representative specimens to be deposited in AMG and MCZ.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB8FFD9FEB7150B1DB7FDFE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the arcuate lateral margins of the pronotum, the nearly nongranulate frons disc, and the comparatively large size, length ca. 2.03 mm (Fig. 7).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB8FFD9FEB7150B1DB7FDFE.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 2.03 / 1.01, head 0.33 / 0.57, pronotum 0.46 / 0.83, elytra 1.25 / 1.01. Dorsum brown, head and disc of pronotum piceous; venter brown, elytral epipleurae and pronotal hypomeron lighter. Frons flattened but feebly gibbous between oblique foveae, disc moderately shining; decumbent pubescence short, small granule at base of each seta, on disc setae very sparse, directed posteriad, near eyes setae denser, directed mediad. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin weakly emarginate, anterior angles rounded; sculptured and clothed as lateral areas of frons, but less densely. Labrum shining, very finely sparsely setose; margin of apicomedian emargination slightly reflexed. Pronotum very transverse; anterior margin very weakly arcuate median 1 / 2 with narrow hyaline border; anterior angles sharply rounded; sides arcuate except emarginate before acute, tooth­like posterior angles; posterior margin arcuate except emarginate near posterior angles. Sides minutely denticulate. Disc strongly roundly elevated between anterior and posterior broadly U­shaped transverse impressions; granules dense in impressions, much finer and sparser on relief separating U­shaped impressions; lateral explanate area shining, with granules about as coarse as those in impressions, but much sparser. Elytra with anterior angles sharply rounded, sides weakly arcuate to middle, then markedly attenuate to very narrowly truncate apices; lateral to tenth series broadly explanate almost to apex, moderately shining; sides minutely serrate, pubescence dense, short and overlapping. Ten seriate punctate, but two additional series on explanate margin, series barely striate impressed, if at all, punctures transversely oval, those near base contiguous longitudinally, posteriorly becoming little more separated and slightly smaller, each with distinct short decumbent seta, serial setae overlapping, each setal base with minute granule. Intervals impunctate, shining, flat, slightly wider than serial punctures. Sutural margin raised slightly in posterior 1 / 2. Metasternum with narrow midlongitudinal impression. Thoracic sterna, abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 and basally 5 with sparse short pubescence. Aedeagus total length 0.47; mainpiece length 0.33; mainpiece distal widened area and large collar diagnostically shaped; flagellum rather short and forms a loop in apical 1 / 2, apical 1 / 5 is weakly sclerotized and its shape can therefore vary depending on preparation (Fig. 18).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB8FFD9FEB7150B1DB7FDFE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the geographical distribution.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB8FFD9FEB7150B1DB7FDFE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known from the southern Cape Province (Fig. 30).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB9FFC6FEB716BB1B5FFB16.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): SW Cape, Groot Toren farm, river shore and stones, 31 ° 20 ' S, 19 ° 44 ' E, 15 September 1994, Endrödy­Younga (# 3004); deposited in the TMSA. Paratypes (14): Same data as holotype, (9 TMSA). Cape Prov., Cape Farm Ezelsfontein, shore washing, 30 ° 24 ' S, 18 ° 5 ' E, 30 October 1977, Endrödy­Younga (# 1407) — (1 TMSA); No. Cape, Richtersveld, Oemsberg, shore washing in shade, 28 ° 27 ' S, 17 ° 10 ' E, 23 September 1991, Endrödy­Younga (# 2796) — (1 TMSA); Natal Prov., Howick, Umgeni River, Lions River Dist., humus, ZA 77, 29 ° 48 ' S, 31 ° 3 ' E, 1 – 30 October 1961, N. Leleup — (3 TMSA). Representative specimens to be deposited in MCZ.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB9FFC6FEB716BB1B5FFB16.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the wide body form, the straight anterior margin of the clypeus, and the comparatively large size (ca. 2.25 mm long), largest known species in the genus (Fig. 8).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB9FFC6FEB716BB1B5FFB16.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 2.25 / 1.16, head 0.37 / 0.62, pronotum 0.51 / 0.97, elytra 1.38 / 1.16. Dorsum brown, head and disc of pronotum darker; venter brown, elytral epipleurae and pronotal hypomeron lighter. Frons flattened but feebly gibbous between oblique foveae, disc moderately shining; decumbent pubescence short, small granule at base of each seta, on disc setae sparse, directed posteriad, near eyes setae denser, directed mediad. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin straight, anterior angles rounded; shining, granules almost imperceptible. Labrum punctate, weakly shining; apicomedian emargination slightly reflexed. Pronotum very transverse; anterior margin straight, median 1 / 2 with narrow hyaline border; anterior angles widely rounded; sides markedly arcuate except weakly emarginate before acute, tooth­like posterior angles; posterior margin arcuate except emarginate near posterior angles. Sides minutely denticulate. Disc quite strongly roundly elevated between anterior and posterior broadly U­shaped transverse impressions, clothed with moderately dense, short decumbent golden setae, socket of each seta very indistinct but anterior rim raised to form distinct oblong or 8 ­ shaped granule; granules rather uniformly dense on disc, slightly sparser on posterior slope of relief, much sparser laterally; interstices strongly shining. Lateral depressions shining between granules. Elytra with anterior angles sharply rounded, sides arcuate; lateral to tenth series broadly explanate almost to apex, moderately shining; sides minutely serrate, pubescence dense, short and overlapping. Ten seriate punctate, but two additional series on explanate margin, series not striate impressed, punctures transversely oval, those near base contiguous longitudinally, posteriorly becoming little more separated and slightly smaller, each with distinct short decumbent seta, serial setae overlapping, each setal base with minute granule. Intervals impunctate, shining, flat, slightly wider than serial punctures. Sutural margin raised slightly in posterior 1 / 2. Metasternum with midlongitudinal furrow over posterior 0.75. Thoracic sterna and abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 entirely and 5 basally clothed with sparse short pubescence, cuticle micropunctulate. Aedeagus total length 0.73 mm; mainpiece length 0.45 mm; mainpiece distal widened area and small collar diagnostically shaped; flagellum long, thick, stiff and only slightly curved, apical 1 / 6 weakly sclerotized and shape can therefore vary depending on preparation.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB9FFC6FEB716BB1B5FFB16.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the widely ovate body shape.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFB9FFC6FEB716BB1B5FFB16.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known from western Cape Province and one record in eastern Natal Province (Fig. 31). Notes. The specimens from Natal Province (one male, two females) are smaller than those from the Cape Province; however, the aedeagus of this male differs only very slightly, in curvature of the mainpiece, from the aedeagus of the holotype. There is a very wide distribution gap between this locality and those in the western Cape; the Natal specimens might be mislabeled.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA6FFC7FEB710F11BF2F9EE.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): South Africa: Natal, 75 km WSW Estcourt, Cathedral Peaks For. Sta, 2000 m, pine plantation rotted Boletus litter, berlese 14, 20 December 1979, S. & J. Peck; deposited in the TMSA. Paratypes (19): Same data as holotype, (2 MCZ). Helpmekaar R., Pietersbg. Dist., in mould, ix. 1960, N. Leleup, (Z. A. 19) — (6 TMSA). N. Transvaal, L. Trichardt, Hanglip, 23.00 ° S, 29.54 ° E, standing dead tree, 22 April 1976, Endrödy­Younga (# 1142) — (10 TMSA). Natal Middld, Karkloof for. 1300 m, 29.18 ° S, 30.13 ° E, sifted forest litter, 5 December 1989, Endrödy & Klimaszew (E­Y # 2745) — (1 TMSA). Representative specimens to be deposited in MCZ.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA6FFC7FEB710F11BF2F9EE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the shining, almost non­granulate pronotal reliefs, the straight lateral margin of the pronotum, and the very explanate elytral margins that are not emarginate before the apices (Fig. 9).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA6FFC7FEB710F11BF2F9EE.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.75 / 0.91, head 0.28 / 0.51, pronotum 0.42 / 0.78, elytra 1.13 / 0.91. Dorsum dark brown, explanate margin of pronotum and elytra lighter; venter brown. Frons flattened but feebly gibbous between oblique foveae, disc with moderately dense granules, moderately shining; granules sparser laterally. Clypeus very transverse, anterior angles very widely rounded, anterior margin emarginate; shining, very finely and very sparsely granulate. Labrum moderately shining, pubescence very short and very sparse; apicomedian emargination slightly reflexed. Pronotum very transverse; anterior margin straight, median 1 / 2 with narrow hyaline border; anterior angles sharply rounded; sides nearly straight; posterior margin arcuate except emarginate near posterior angles. Sides minutely denticulate. Disc roundly elevated between anterior and posterior broadly U­shaped transverse impressions; granules dense in impressions, much finer and sparser on relief separating U­shaped impressions and relief around posterior U­shaped impression; lateral area with rather large, moderately convex, non­granulate area. Elytra with anterior angles sharply rounded, sides weakly arcuate to middle, then markedly attenuate to very narrowly truncate apices; external to tenth series broadly explanate almost to apex, moderately shining; sides minutely serrate, pubescence very fine and short. Ten seriate punctate, but two additional series on explanate margin, series not striate impressed, punctures transversely oval, those near base contiguous longitudinally, posteriorly becoming little more separated and slightly smaller, each with distinct short decumbent seta, setae not quite overlapping; each setal base with minute granule. Intervals impunctate, shining in clean specimens, flat, slightly wider than serial punctures. Sutural margin raised slightly in posterior 1 / 2. Humeri obsolete. Wings brachypterous. Metasternum with low midlongitudinal carina in anterior 1 / 4, shallow fovea in posterior 3 / 4. Thoracic sterna and abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 and basally ventrite 5 clothed with sparse short pubescence. Aedeagus total length 0.55 mm; mainpiece length 0.45 mm; mainpiece thick and widened area diagnostically shaped; flagellum not forming corkscrew spiral; basal 3 / 4 stiff, apical 1 / 4 weakly sclerotized and shape therefore varying depending on preparation; collar in front of flagellum only, not wrapping around as in some species (Fig. 20).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA6FFC7FEB710F11BF2F9EE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the protected position of the tibia, beneath the explanate margin of the elytra.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA6FFC7FEB710F11BF2F9EE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known from Natal and Transvaal Provinces (Fig. 32). Notes. This is a flightless species, the wings being about 1 / 2 the length of the elytra. The pronotum of the holotype (Fig. 9) has the sides slightly emarginate in the anterior 0.5; most other specimens have straight sides.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA7FFC4FEB712AB1A3DF8D1.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Cape Prov.: Muizenberg [ca. 34 ° 06 ' S, 18 ° 27 ' E], waterval, humus, xii. 1960, N. Leleup, (Z. A. 51); deposited in the TMSA.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA7FFC4FEB712AB1A3DF8D1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Very similar to D. genuvela in form and sculpture (Figs. 4, 10), but larger in body size (ca. 1.77 mm vs. 1.60 mm); reliable determinations should be based on study of the male genitalia (Figs. 15, 21).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA7FFC4FEB712AB1A3DF8D1.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.77 / 0.83, head 0.25 / 0.46, pronotum 0.42 / 0.71, elytra 1.13 / 0.83. Dorsum brown, head and disc of pronotum darker; venter brown. Frons feebly gibbous between oblique foveae, disc with moderately dense granules, moderately shining; decumbent pubescence short but rather dense, small granule at base of each seta, on disc setae directed posteriad, near eyes setae directed mediad. Clypeus very transverse, anterior angles very widely rounded, sculptured and clothed as frons, but slightly less densely. Labrum finely microreticulate, moderately shining, pubescence very short and sparse; emargination of anterior margin slightly reflexed. Pronotum very transverse; anterior margin weakly arcuate, median 1 / 2 with narrow hyaline border; anterior angles sharply rounded; sides weakly arcuate except emarginate before acute, tooth­like posterior angles; posterior margin arcuate except emarginate near posterior angles. Sides minutely denticulate. Disc quite strongly roundly elevated between anterior and posterior broadly U­shaped transverse impressions, clothed with moderately dense, short decumbent golden setae, socket of each seta very indistinct but anterior rim raised to form distinct oblong granule, some granules 8 ­ shaped; interstices strongly shining. Lateral depressions with setae and granules less dense than those on disc. Elytra with anterior angles sharply rounded, sides weakly arcuate to middle, then markedly attenuate to very narrowly truncate apices, sutural apex very minutely produced; external to tenth series broadly explanate almost to apex, moderately shining; sides minutely serrate, pubescence dense and short. Ten seriate punctate, but two additional series on explanate margin, series barely striate impressed, punctures transversely oval, those near base contiguous longitudinally, posteriorly becoming little more separated and slightly smaller, each with distinct short sub­decumbent seta; each setal base with minute granule. Intervals impunctate, shining in clean specimens, flat, slightly wider than serial punctures. Sutural margin raised slightly in posterior 1 / 2. Humeri obsolete (flightless). Wings brachypterous. Metasternum posteriorly with narrow but sharply impressed median furrow. Thoracic sterna and abdominal ventrites 1 – 4 entirely clothed with sparse short pubescence, especially sparse medially, cuticle micropunctulate. Aedeagus total length 0.62 mm; mainpiece length 0.35 mm; mainpiece distal widened area and large collar diagnostically shaped; flagellum long corkscrew spiral, apical 1 / 6 weakly sclerotized, shape can therefore vary depending on preparation (Fig. 21).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA7FFC4FEB712AB1A3DF8D1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of the late Narcisse Leleup.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA7FFC4FEB712AB1A3DF8D1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known only from the type­locality in the Muizenberg mountains of Cape Province (Fig. 33). Notes. This is a flightless species, the wings being about 1 / 2 the length of the elytra. The unique holotype is fragmentary (Fig. 10).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA5FFC3FEB7150B184EFEEE.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): S. Cape, Harkerville Forest, sifted at forest marsh, 34 ° 4 ' S, 23 ° 10 ' E, 14 December 1975, Endrödy­Younga (# 1313); deposited in the TMSA. Paratypes (214): Same data as holotype — (15 TMSA). Cape Prov., Garden of Eden, sifted litter, 34 ° 2 ' S, 23 ° 12 ' E, 13 December 1976, Endrödy­Younga (# 1310) — (7 TMSA); George, forest litter in gorge, 33 ° 58 ' S, 22 ° 28 ' E, 4 September 1979, Endrödy­ Younga (# 1633) — (2 TMSA); Harkerville Forest, podocarp. for. litter, 34 ° 4 ' S, 23 ° 10 ' E, 14 December 1976, Endrödy­Younga (# 1312) — (4 TMSA); Helderfontein, sifted, fynbos, elev. 1150 m, 33 ° 56 ' S, 20 ° 52 ' E, 8 March 1979, Endrödy­Younga (# 1561) — (23 TMSA); Humansdorp D., Wit Els Bos, humus, ZA 63, 33 ° 58 ' S, 23 ° 30 ' E, 1 – 30 January 1961, N. Leleup — (3 TMSA); Keurboomstrand, sifted litter, 34 ° 0 ' S, 23 ° 27 ' E, 15 December 1976, Endrödy­Younga (# 1317) — (5 TMSA); same locality, 34 ° 34 ' S, 23 ° 27 ' E, 15 December 1976, Endrödy­Younga (# 1316) — (3 TMSA); Knysna, Buffelsnek, berl. litter under shrubs in fynbos, # 169, 34 ° 3 ' S, 23 ° 3 ' E, 16 – 19 December 1979, S. & J. Peck — (7 FMNH); Knysna, Diepwalle, berl., forest litter at tree bases and stumps, # 159, 34 ° 3 ' S, 23 ° 3 ' E, 13 December 1979, S. & J. Peck — (2 FMNH); Knysna, Gouveld, berl., moist litter, floodplain forest, # 192, 34 ° 3 ' S, 23 ° 3 ' E, 28 December 1979, S. & J. Peck — (37 FMNH); Knysna, Kranshoek, berl., litter, degraded high coastal forest, # 173, elev. 200 m, 34 ° 3 ' S, 23 ° 3 ' E, 18 December 1979, S. & J. Peck — (16 FMNH); Langeberge, Boesmansbos, sifted forest litter, elev. 1050 m, 33 ° 56 ' S, 20 ° 53 ' E, 9 March 1979, Endrödy­ Younga (# 1563) — (1 TMSA); Lily Vlei Nat. Res., moist forest, 33 ° 56 ' S, 23 ° 2 ' E, 1 – 30 May 1983, J. Koen — (9 TMSA); same locality, 33 ° 56 ' S, 23 ° 2 ' E, 1 – 30 January 1984, J. Koen — (6 TMSA); same locality, 33 ° 56 ' S, 23 ° 2 ' E, 1 – 30 April 1984, J. Koen — (17 TMSA); Outeniqua Mt., Ruitersbos, sifted forest litter, 33 ° 53 ' S, 22 ° 1 ' E, 15 August 1979, Endrödy­Younga (# 1646) — (1 TMSA); Outeniqua Mt., Ruitersbos, sifting, elev. 800 m, 33 ° 53 ' S, 22 ° 1 ' E, 15 August 1979, Endrödy­Younga (# 1644) — (15 TMSA); Outeniqua Pass, sifted, fynbos, 33 ° 53 ' S, 22 ° 23 ' E, 4 November 1978, Endrödy­Younga (# 1503) — (2 TMSA); S. Cape, Gouna moist forest, forest litter, 33 ° 57 ' S, 23 ° 2 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1983, J. Koen — (20 TMSA); S. Cape Mt., Helderfont. S, sifted, alpine marsh, elev. 1220 m, 33 ° 56 ' S, 20 ° 52 ' E, 10 March 1979, Endrödy­Younga (# 1566) — (1 TMSA); S. Tsitsikama, Lottering, indig. forest litter, 33 ° 56 ' S, 23 ° 40 ' E, 12 December 1977, Endrödy­Younga (# 1419) — 2 adults (incl. 2 paratypes) (2 TMSA); Tsitsikama forest, Humansdorp D., humus, ZA 60, 33 ° 58 ' S, 23 ° 30 ' E, 1 – 30 January 1961, N. Leleup — (3 TMSA); Tsitsikama Forest N. P., berl., animal dung in hollow tree base, # 175, 33 ° 58 ' S, 23 ° 30 ' E, 20 December 1979, S. & J. Peck — (2 FMNH); Tsitsikama Forest N. P., berl., litter, gully forest with tree ferns, # 176, 33 ° 58 ' S, 23 ° 30 ' E, 20 December 1979, S. & J. Peck — (3 FMNH); same locality, 33 ° 58 ' S, 23 ° 30 ' E, 20 December 1981, S. & J. Peck — (4 MCZ); Tsitsikamma forest, litter, 33 ° 58 ' S, 23 ° 30 ' E, 7 March 1992, J. Klimaszewski — (2 TMSA). Representative specimens to be deposited in AMG, ANIC, BMNH, CMNH, FMNH, MCZ, NMW, QMBA, SAMA, SAMC, and USNM.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA5FFC3FEB7150B184EFEEE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the distinctive body shape, with short, posteriorly acuminate elytra (Fig. 11).	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA5FFC3FEB7150B184EFEEE.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.74 / 0.93, head 0.29 / 0.52, pronotum 0.43 / 0.79, elytra 1.05 / 0.93. Dorsum brown, head and disc of pronotum darker; venter brown. Frons flattened but feebly gibbous between oblique foveae, disc with moderately dense granules, moderately shining; decumbent pubescence short but rather dense, small granule at base of each seta, on disc setae directed posteriad, near eyes setae directed mediad. Clypeus very transverse, anterior margin emarginate, anterior angles very widely rounded, sculptured and clothed as frons, but less densely. Labrum moderately shining, pubescence very short and sparse; apicomedian weak emargination slightly reflexed. Pronotum very transverse; anterior margin weakly arcuate, median 1 / 2 with narrow hyaline border; anterior angles sharply rounded; sides weakly arcuate except emarginate before acute, tooth­like posterior angles; posterior margin arcuate except emarginate near posterior angles. Sides minutely denticulate. Disc quite strongly roundly elevated between anterior and posterior broadly U­shaped transverse impressions, clothed with moderately dense, short decumbent golden setae, socket of each seta very indistinct but anterior rim raised to form distinct oblong granule, some granules 8 ­ shaped; interstices strongly shining. Lateral depressions with setae and granules less dense than those on disc. Elytra with anterior angles sharply rounded, sides weakly arcuate to middle, then markedly attenuate to very narrowly truncate apices, sutural apex very minutely produced; external to tenth series broadly explanate almost to apex, moderately shining; sides minutely serrate, pubescence dense and short. Ten seriate punctate, but two additional series on explanate margin, series barely striate impressed, punctures transversely oval, those near base contiguous longitudinally, posteriorly becoming little more separated and slightly smaller, each with distinct short sub­decumbent seta; each setal base with minute granule. Intervals impunctate, shining in clean specimens, flat, slightly wider than serial punctures. Sutural margin raised slightly in posterior 1 / 2. Humeri absent (flightless). Metasternum with midlongitudinal impression. Thoracic sterna and abdominal ventrites 1 – 2 with sparse short pubescence. Aedeagus total length 0.70 mm; mainpiece length 0.43 mm; mainpiece, in lateral view, distinctively narrowed just before distal widened area; flagellum long, forming spiral which is stiff for all but apical 1 / 4, which is very weakly sclerotized and its shape can therefore vary depending on preparation; collar is in front of flagellum only, not wrapping around as in some species (Fig. 22)	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA5FFC3FEB7150B184EFEEE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Latin, " little cuttlefish, " in reference to the body shape.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
038987BFFFA5FFC3FEB7150B184EFEEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Presently known from extreme southern Cape Province (Fig. 34). Notes. In most specimens the flight wings are reduced to tiny lobes and the elytral humeral umbo is totally lacking. However, the seven specimens from Knysna, Buffelsnek, have fully developed flight wings and an extremely faint indication of an elytral humeral umbo.	en	Perkins, Philip D. (2005): A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour­Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 915: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171035
