taxonID	type	description	language	source
038850393F17FFB2FF4FFD36FD73FBC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas and Pará State). New records (Fig. 1). BRAZIL, Pará State, Tracuateua Municipality, Vila de Santa Maria (01 ° 01 ’ 45 ” S, 46 ° 57 ’ 21 ” W), 27 – 28. II. 2007, 1 male, 1 female, Gorayeb, I. & Guimarães, D. cols, CDC light trap, peridomicile (MPEG); Viseu Municipality, Vila de Curupaiti (01 ° 25 ’ 56 ” S, 46 ° 28 ’ 16 ” W), 20 – 21. VI. 2007, 1 female, Trindade R. L. & Guimarães, D. cols, CDC light trap (MPEG).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F04FFA7FF4FF8E2FE81FBFB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have brown legs with yellowish bands, two process in distal portion of the paramere, one beak-shaped and the other hook-shaped. Female unknown.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F04FFA7FF4FF8E2FE81FBFB.taxon	description	Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 2 C). Antenna brown; flagellomeres 1 – 13 with lengths 108 - 35 - 35 - 35 - 30 - 30 - 28 - 28 - 25 - 38 - 93 - 95 - 110 (Fig. 2 B). Antenal ratio 0.93. Palpus (Fig. 2 D) pale brown; 3 rd segment nearly oval with small, shallow, sensory organ on mid length; palpal ratio 1.25. Thorax. Without definite pattern on slide mounted specimen. Legs (Fig. 2 E) pale brown; fore-, mid coxae and trochanters brown; hind coxa and trochanter missing; femora with mesal and apical yellowish bands; hind femur with a brown ventral spot in the apical yellowish band; tibiae with basal and mesal yellowish bands; tibiofemoral joints yellowish; hind tibial comb with 7 bristles. Tarsi: pale; fore-, hind tarsomere 1 with one basal, one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with 2 basal, 2 apical spines; apical spines of tarsomeres 2 - 4 of fore-, mid legs: 1 - 1 - 1, 2 - 2 - 2, basal spines absent; tarsomeres 2 - 4 of hind leg, missing; fore-, mid tarsal ratios 2.16, 2.43; claws small, paired, equal-sized, 0.35 - 0.39 X as long as 5 th tarsomeres. Wing (Fig. 2 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2 nd radial cell nearly 1.8 X longer than 1 st; wing length 0.83 mm, width 0.33 mm; costal ratio 0.75. Halter missing. Abdomen. Brown (Fig. 2 F). Genitalia (Figs. 2 G; 9 A – B): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin not defined; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes, each with 4 setae. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2 X longer than basal width; gonostylus straight 0.60 as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3 / 4. Parameres swollen (Fig. 9 A) 1.3 X as long as aedeagus, largely fused dorsally at base; apical portion with two process laterally directed, similar in length, one beak-shaped, the other hook-shaped. Aedeagus (Fig. 9 B) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, with slightly sclerotized dorsal structure, which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates; basal arms slender, not expanded laterally. Female. Unknown	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F04FFA7FF4FF8E2FE81FBFB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F04FFA7FF4FF8E2FE81FBFB.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “ Fazenda Morelândia (01 ° 11 ’ 43 ” S, 48 ° 15 ’ 35 ” W), Santa Bárbara do Pará, Pará, BRASIL, 21 – 22. IX. 2008, CDC light trap, Igarapé Baiacú, Trindade R. L. & Guimarães D. cols. (MPEG).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F04FFA7FF4FF8E2FE81FBFB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named based on the Muncipality of Santa Bárbara do Pará, where the specimen was collected. Taxonomic discussion. Monohelea barbara most closely resembles M. roraimensis Felippe-Bauer, M. gorayebi sp. nov. and M. visinensis sp. nov. by the brown legs with yellowish bands and by the presence of two apical processes in the paramere. However, one apical process of the paramere is beak-shaped and other hookshaped, similar in lenght, laterally directed (both processes are hook-shaped, one 2 X longer than other, laterally directed in M. gorayebi; one process is beak-shaped, laterally directed, and other bilobed internally directed, different in length in M. roraimensis; one process is hook-shaped laterally directed, and other aculeated, anteroventraly directed in M. visinensis); by the basal arms of the aedeagus slender, not expanded laterally (basal arms large, greatly expanded laterally in M. gorayebi; basal arms slender, slightly expanded laterally in M. visinensis).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F02FFA5FF4FFBD6FC2FFD3C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have yellowish legs, hind femur with infuscated base, mid leg without distinct mesal brown marks, paramere with a sclerotized mesal hook-shaped process, and distal portion of paramere truncated and overlapped. Female unknown.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F02FFA5FF4FFBD6FC2FFD3C.taxon	description	Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 3 C). Antenna missing. Palpus (Fig. 3 D) yellowish brown; 3 rd segment nearly oval with small, shallow, sensory organ on apical 1 / 3; lengths of segments 15 - 25 - 30 - 23 - 38; palpal ratio 1.3 - 1.9 (1.6, n = 2). Thorax. Brown; scutum without definite pattern on slide mounted specimens; scutellum yellowish laterally, with 4 bristles. Legs (Fig. 3 F) yellow; coxae and trochanters brown; fore femur with basal and mesal pale brown bands, mid femur with basal pale brown band, hind femur with infuscated basal band, two brown stripes in middle and a subapical ventral brown spot; apices of tibiae brown; hind tibia with additional dark irregular brown band on 1 / 2 subbasal; hind tibial comb with 6 bristles. Tarsi: pale; fore-, hind tarsomere 1 with one basal and one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with 2 basal, 2 apical spines; apical spines of fore-, mid-, hind tarsomeres 2 – 4: 1 - 1 - 1 or 1 - 2 - 2, 2 - 2 - 2, 1 - 1 - 1 or 1 - 1 - 2, basal spines absent; fore-, mid-, hind tarsal ratios 2.08 – 2.23 (2.17, n = 4), 2.39 – 2.56 (2.47, n = 4), 2.00 (n = 3); claws small, paired, equal-sized, 0.3 to 0.5 X as long as 5 th tarsomeres. Wing (Fig. 3 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2 nd radial cell nearly 2.1 X longer than 1 st; wing length 0.78 – 0.85 (0.82, n = 5) mm, width 0.28 – 0.31 (0.30, n = 5) mm; costal ratio 0.73 – 0.77 (0.75, n = 5). Halter stem pale; knob pale brown in distal 1 / 2 a pale brown spot laterally (Fig. 3 B). Abdomen. Yellowish brown (Fig. 3 E). Genitalia (Figs. 3 G; 9 C – D): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin with a short, convex, median lobe with 4 long setae; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2 X longer than basal width; gonostylus curved distally, 0.62 – 0.70 (0.66, n = 5) X as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3 / 4. Parameres (Fig. 9 C) 1.19 – 1.78 (1.44, n = 5) X as long as aedeagus, fused at base; each with an external curved, strongly sclerotized, mesal hornshaped process, 0.48 – 0.56 (0.52, n = 5) X as long as distal portion of the paramere, that tapering to blunt apex, laterally truncated and overlapped. Aedeagus (Fig. 9 D) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, with slightly sclerotized dorsal structure, which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates, ending as an apical projection; basal arms slender, not expanded laterally. Female. Unknown	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F02FFA5FF4FFBD6FC2FFD3C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil, Pará State. Types. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “ Vila de Curupaiti ” (01 ° 25 ’ 56 ” S 46 ° 28 ’ 16 ” W), Viseu, Pará, BRASIL, 20 – 21. VI. 2007, CDC light trap, Trindade R. L. & Guimarães, D. cols. (MPEG). Paratypes 4 males: 3 males same data as holotype (2 CCER; 1 MPEG), 1 male same data as holotype except 22 – 23. VI. 2007 (MPEG).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F02FFA5FF4FFBD6FC2FFD3C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Latin: cornu = horn, referring the mesal horn-shaped process on the parameres of males of this species. Taxonomic discussion. Monohelea cornuta most closely resembles M. aguirrei Tavares & Souza, M. archibaldoi Tavares & Souza, M. ema sp. nov., M. hieroglyphica Kieffer, M. maculipennis (Coquillett), M. poncai Lane & Wirth and M. uruguayensis Felippe-Bauer & Spinelli by the presence of a sclerotized mesal hook-shaped process. The new species can be easily separated by the infuscated base of the hind femur (hind femur with brown base in M. aguirrei, M. ema, M. poncai and M. uruguayensis; hind femur with pale base in M. archibaldoi and M. hieroglyphica), by the mid leg without distinct mesal brown marks as in M. archibaldoi (mid leg with mesal brown bands and spots in the other species), by the distal portion of the paramere, tapering to blunt apex, laterally truncated and overlapped (distal portion of the paramere progressively narrowing distally to rounded apex in M. aguirrei, M. archibaldoi, M. ema, M. maculipennis; distal portion of the paramere swollen, tapering and abruptly curved internally in M. hieroglyphica, M. poncai and M. uruguayensis).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F00FFA5FF4FFC91FC82F81C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have hind femur with brown base, mid leg with distinct mesal brown bands, paramere with mesal hook-shaped process measuring 0.61 X as long as distal portion that progressively narrows distally to rounded apex. Female unknown.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F00FFA5FF4FFC91FC82F81C.taxon	description	Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 4 C). Antenna missing. Palpus (Fig. 4 D) pale brown; 3 rd segment nearly oval with small, shallow, sensory organ on apical 1 / 3; lengths of segments 20 - 25 - 25 - 25 - 43; palpal ratio 1.25. Thorax. Brown; scutum damaged. Legs (Fig. 4 F) yellow; fore leg missing, mid-, hind coxae and trochanters brown; mid femur with basal and mesal pale brown bands, hind femur with basal brown band, one brown stripe in middle, a subapical ventral brown spot; mid tibiae with a mesal and apical pale brown band; hind tibia missing. Tarsi: mid tarsomere 1 with 2 basal, 2 apical spines; mid tarsomeres 2 – 4 with 2 - 2 - 2 apical spines, basal spines absent; mid tarsomere 5 missing; mid tarsal ratio 2.22; claws missing. Wing (Fig. 4 A) partially damaged; macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2 nd radial cell nearly 2 X longer than 1 st; wing length nearly 0.90 mm, width 0.34 mm; costal ratio nearly 0.75. Halter stem pale; knob pale brown in distal 1 / 2, a pale brown spot laterally (Fig 4 B). Abdomen. Pale brown (Fig. 4 E). Genitalia (Figs. 4 G; 9 E – F): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin with a short, convex, median lobe with 4 long setae; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 1.8 X longer than basal width; gonostylus curved in apical 1 / 2, 0.59 as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3 / 4. Parameres (Fig. 9 E) 1.36 X as long as aedeagus, broadly fused at trilobed base; each with a long, curved, sclerotized mesal hook-shaped process, 0.61 X as long as distal portion of the paramere, that tapering gradually to blunt apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 9 F) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, with slightly sclerotized dorsal structure, which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base, and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates, ending as an apical projection; basal arms slender, slightly expanded laterally. Female. Unknown	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F00FFA5FF4FFC91FC82F81C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F00FFA5FF4FFC91FC82F81C.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “ Fazenda Ema (01 ° 24 ’ 37 ” S, 46 ° 22 ’ 12 ” W), Viseu, Pará, BRASIL, 23 – 24. VI. 2007, CDC light trap, forest, Guimarães, D. col. (MPEG).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F00FFA5FF4FFC91FC82F81C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after the type locality. Taxonomic discussion. Characters for distinguishing Monohelea ema from the related species may be found in the discussion under the description of the M. cornuta.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F01FFAAFF4FFA64FBCEFC04.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have yellowish legs, hind femur with an infuscated base, paramere single, swollen, curved, gradually tapering as a forceps, aedeagus with ventral plates abruptly tapered in middle portion. Female unknown.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F01FFAAFF4FFA64FBCEFC04.taxon	description	Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 5 C). Antenna missing. Palpus (Fig. 5 D) pale brown; 3 rd segment nearly oval with small, moderately deep, sensory organ on mid length; lengths of segments 18 - 28 - 40 - 25 - 43; palpal ratio 2.0. Thorax. Without definite pattern on slide mounted specimen. Legs (Fig. 5 F) yellowish; fore-, mid coxae brown, hind coxae brown on apical 1 / 2; trochanters brown; fore-, mid femora with basal and mesal brown bands, hind femur with infuscated basal band, two brown stripes in middle, subapical ventral brown spot; fore tibia with inconspicuous mesal brown band, hind tibia with inconspicuous subbasal ventral brown spot, mesal brown stripe; apices of tibiae dark brown; hind tibial comb with 6 bristles. Tarsi: pale, except base of basitarsi pale brown; fore-, hind tarsomere 1 with one basal and one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with 2 basal, 2 apical spines; apical spines of fore-, mid-, hind tarsomeres 2 - 4: 2 - 2 - 1, 2 - 2 - 2, 1 - 1 - 1, basal spines absent; fore, mid and hind tarsal ratios 2.15, 2.42, 2.00; claws small, paired, equal-sized, 0.4 X as long as 5 th tarsomeres. Wing (Fig. 5 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2 nd radial cell nearly 1.7 X longer than 1 st; wing length 0.97 mm, width 0.36 mm; costal ratio 0.79. Halter stem pale; knob pale brown in distal 1 / 2, a pale brown spot laterally (Fig. 5 B). Abdomen. Yellowish brown (Fig. 5 E). Genitalia (Figs. 5 G; 9 G – H): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin with a short, convex, median lobe with 4 long setae; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2 X longer than basal width; gonostylus curved distally, 0.63 X as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3 / 4. Parameres (Fig. 9 G) 1.15 X as long as aedeagus, fused at single base; stem swollen, curved, gradually tapering, internally directed as a forceps. Aedeagus (Fig. 9 H) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates that abruptly tapered in middle portion, each with only delicately sclerotized apical projection which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base, and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates; basal arms slender, expanded laterally. Female. Unknown	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F01FFAAFF4FFA64FBCEFC04.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F01FFAAFF4FFA64FBCEFC04.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “ Vila Santa Maria ” (01 ° 01 ’ 45 ” S, 46 ° 57 ’ 21 ” W), Tracuateua, Pará, BRASIL, 27 – 28. II. 2007, CDC light trap, peridomicile, Gorayeb I. & Guimarães, D. cols. (MPEG).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F01FFAAFF4FFA64FBCEFC04.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Latin: forceps = forceps, referring the stem of the parameres of males of this species. Taxonomic discussion. Monohelea forceps most closely resembles M. fairchildi Lane & Wirth, M. maya Felippe-Bauer, Huerta & Ibáñez-Bernal, M. patauateua sp. nov., and M. urracaisi Lane & Wirth by the single paramere without mesal or apical process. The new species can be easily separated by the hind femur with an infuscated base (hind femur mostly yellowish brown, without infuscated area on the base in M. fairchildi; hind femur with base uniformely brown in M. maya and M. patauateua; hind femur with pale base in M. urracaisi); by the paramere swollen, curved, gradually tapering as a forceps (paramere slender, sinuous in M. fairchildi; paramere straight, gradually tapering in M. maya; paramere slender, flattened in M. patauateua; paramere slender abruptly curved and tapering in the midlenght in M. urracaisi); by the ventral plates of the aedeagus that abruptly tapered in middle portion (ventral plates of the aedeagus gradually tapering in the other species).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0FFFA9FF4FFBB2FCF1FED0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have brown legs with yellowish bands, hind femur with two mesal yellowish bands, paramere with two apical hook-shaped processes, one 2 X longer than other, aedeagus with base greatly expanded. Female unknown.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0FFFA9FF4FFBB2FCF1FED0.taxon	description	Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 6 C). Antenna missing. Palpus (Fig. 6 D) brown; 3 rd segment nearly oval, with large, deep, sensory organ on distal 1 / 2; lengths of segments 15 - 28 - 30 - 25 - 50; palpal ratio 1.5. Thorax. Brown, with pattern of yellowish patches, not defined on slide mounted specimen. Legs (Fig. 6 E) brown; coxae and trochanters brown; femora with two mesal yellowish bands; tibiofemora joints yellowish; tibiae with subbasal and mesal yellowish bands; hind tibial comb with 6 bristles. Tarsi: pale; fore tarsus missing; hind tarsomere 1 with one basal and one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with 2 basal, 2 apical spines; apical spines of mid-, hind tarsomeres 2 – 4: 2 - 2 - 1, 1 - 1 - 1, basal spines absent; mid-, hind tarsal ratios 2.23, 1.82; claws missing. Wing (Fig. 6 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2 nd radial cell nearly 2 X longer than 1 st; wing length 1.02 mm, width 0.40 mm; costal ratio 0.75. Halter stem pale; knob brown in distal 1 / 2 (Fig. 6 B). Abdomen. Brown. Genitalia (Figs. 6 F; 10 A – B): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin not defined; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes, each with 4 setae. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2 X longer than basal width, with a submesal internal sclerotized projection; gonostylus nearly straight 0.88 X as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3 / 4. Parameres swollen (Fig. 10 A) 2.2 X as long as aedeagus, largely fused dorsally at base; apical portion with two strong hook-shaped processes laterally directed, one 2 X longer than other. Aedeagus (Fig. 10 B) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, each with a delicately sclerotized apical projection, which arises in the aedeagus base; basal arms large, greatly expanded laterally. Female. Unknown.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0FFFA9FF4FFBB2FCF1FED0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0FFFA9FF4FFBB2FCF1FED0.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “ Vila Santa Maria (01 ° 01 ’ 45 ” S, 46 ° 57 ’ 21 ” W), Tracuateua, Pará, BRASIL, 27 – 28. II. 2007, CDC light trap, peridomicile, Gorayeb, I & Guimarães, D. cols. (MPEG).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0FFFA9FF4FFBB2FCF1FED0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Inocêncio Gorayeb that provided kind support for the studies of Ceratopogonidae fauna from Pará State. Taxonomic discussion. Characters for distinguishing Monohelea gorayebi from the related species may be found in the discussion under the description of the M. barbara.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F17FFB2FF4FFF77FB47FDCA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Panama, Brazil (Pará State). New records (Fig. 1). BRAZIL, Pará State, Viseu Municipality, Vila de Curupaiti (01 ° 25 ’ 56 ” S, 46 ° 28 ’ 16 ” W), 20 – 21. VI. 2007, 1 male, 1 female, Trindade R. L. & Guimarães, D. cols, CDC light trap (MPEG).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F17FFB2FF4FFBCBFA8FF974.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Florida, Louisiana), Mexico (Tamaulipas, Yucatan), Guatemala, Panama, Bahamas and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Pará State). New records (Fig, 1). BRAZIL, Pará State, Viseu Municipality, Vila de Curupaiti (01 ° 25 ’ 56 ” S, 46 ° 28 ’ 16 ” W), 20 – 21. VI. 2007, 3 males, 9 females, Trindade R. L. & Guimarães, D. cols, CDC light trap (1 male, 7 females – MPEG; 2 males, 2 females - CCER); Tracuateua Municipality, Vila de Santa Maria (01 ° 01 ’ 45 ” S, 46 ° 57 ’ 21 ” W), 27 – 28. II. 2007, 4 males, 1 female, Gorayeb, I. & Guimarães, D. cols, CDC light trap, peridomicile (MPEG); Capitão Poço Municipality, headquarters district (01 ° 44 ’ 41 ” S, 47 ° 03 ’ 17 ” W), 25 – 26. XI. 2008, 2 male, 3 females, Trindade, R. L., Guimarães, D., Quaresma, A. & Pimentel, T. cols., CDC light trap, farmstead (MPEG).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0CFFAFFF4FF978FCCCFADB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Only Neotropical species of Monohelea with following combination of features: legs yellowish, hind femur with brown base, mid leg without distinct mesal brown marks. Males: paramere single, slender and flattened without mesal or apical process.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0CFFAFFF4FF978FCCCFADB.taxon	description	Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 7 E). Antenna yellowish brown with pedicel darker; flagellomeres 1 – 13 with lengths 98 - 30 - 30 - 30 - 28 - 28 - 25 - 28 - 25 - 38 - 93 - 98 - 98 (Fig. 7 C). Antennal ratio 1.01. Palpus yellowish brown; 3 rd segment nearly oval with small, shallow, sensory organ on mid portion; lengths of segments 15 - 25 - 30 - 25 - 43; palpal ratio 1.7 - 1.8 (1.7, n = 2). Thorax. Without definite pattern on slide mounted specimens. Legs (Fig. 7 F) yellow; coxae and trochanters brown; fore femora with basal brown bands and mesal brown stripe, mid femur with basal brown band, hind femur with basal brown band, mesal brown stripe and subapical ventral brown spot; tibiae brown apically; hind tibia with a subbasal ventral brown spot, brown stripe in middle; hind tibial comb with 5 – 6 bristles. Tarsi: pale; fore-, hind tarsomere with one basal and one apical spine; mid tarsomere 1 with 1 – 2 (usually 2) basal and 2 apical spines; apical spines of tarsomeres 2 – 4 of fore-, mid-, hind legs: 1 - 1 - 1 or 2 - 2 - 2, 2 - 2 - 2, 1 - 1 - 1, basal spines absent; fore tarsal ratio 2.06 – 2.25 (2.19, n = 4), mid tarsal ratio 2.34 – 2.36 (2.35, n = 2), hind tarsal ratio 2.00 (n = 3); claws small, paired, equal-sized, 0.41 – 0.47 (n = 3) X as long as 5 th tarsomeres. Wing (Fig. 7 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2 nd radial cell nearly 1.9 X longer than 1 st; wing length 0.81 – 0.82 (0.82, n = 4) mm, width 0.29 – 0.31 (0.30, n = 4) mm; costal ratio 0.75 – 0.79 (0.76, n = 4). Halter stem pale; knob pale brown in distal 1 / 2, a pale brown spot laterally (Fig. 7 D). Abdomen. Yellowish brown. Genitalia (Figs. 7 G; 10 C – D): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin not defined; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes, each with 4 setae. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2 X longer than basal width; gonostylus brown, slender, slightly curved 0.55 – 0.60 (0.58, n = 5) as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3 / 4. Parameres (Fig. 10 C) 1.35 – 1.55 (1.42, n = 5) X as long as aedeagus, narrowly fused at trilobed base; stem slender flattened, tapering to apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 10 D) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, each with only delicately sclerotized apical projection, which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base, and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates, ending as an apical projection; basal arms slender, slightly expanded laterally. Female. Similar to male with usual sexual differences; eyes contiguous; antenna missing; palpal ratio 1.75; mandible with 10 teeth. Wing (Fig. 7 B) length 0.86 mm; width 0.35 mm; costal ratio 0.80. Legs as in male; fore-, mid-, hind tarsal ratios 2.22, 2.56, 2.14; fore-, mid claws about 0.70 X as long as 5 th tarsomeres, hind claw 1.45 X as long as 5 th tarsomere. Two unequal spermathecae (Fig. 7 H), measuring 68 by 60 µm and 40 by 40 µm, the larger one with sclerotized neck with 12,5 µm.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0CFFAFFF4FF978FCCCFADB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil, Pará State. Types. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “ Fazenda Gavião Real (01 ° 29 ’ 44 ” S, 47 ° 13 ’ 07 ” W), Vila de Patauateua, Ourém, Pará, BRASIL, 29 – 30. XI. 2008, CDC light trap, Forest, Trindade R. L. & Guimarães D. cols. (MPEG). Allotype female: same data as holotype (MPEG). Paratypes, 4 males: same data as holotype (2 MPEG; 2 CCER).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0CFFAFFF4FF978FCCCFADB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after the type locality. Taxonomic discussion. Characters for distinguishing Monohelea patauateua from the related species may be found in the discussion under the description of the M. forceps.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0AFFAEFF4FFAC3FCF1FD48.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have brown legs, hind femur with two mesal yellowish bands, paramere with two pointed apical processes and a ventral, sclerotized oval structure, aedeagus with basal arms slender, slightly expanded laterally. Female unknown.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0AFFAEFF4FFAC3FCF1FD48.taxon	description	Male. Head: eyes widely separated. Antenna pale brown with pedicel darker; flagellomeres 1 – 9 with lengths 113 - 35 - 35 - 33 - 30 - 30 - 28 - 30 - 25, 38, 11 - 13 missing. Antennal ratio untold. Palpus (Fig. 8 C) pale brown; 3 rd segment compressed, nearly oval with large, moderately deep, sensory organ on distal 1 / 2; palpal ratio untold. Thorax. Brown; scutum without definite pattern on slide mounted specimen; scutellum yellowish laterally, with 4 bristles. Legs (Fig. 8 D) brown; coxae and trochanters brown; femora with two mesal yellowish bands; tibiofemoral joints yellowish; tibiae with subbasal and mesal yellowish bands; hind tibial comb with 6 bristles. Tarsi: pale; fore-, hind tarsomere 1 with one basal and one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with 1 basal, 2 apical spines; apical spines of midtarsomeres 2 – 4: 1 - 1 - 1, basal spines absent; fore-, hind tarsomeres 2 – 4 missing; mid tarsal ratio 2.50; median claws small, paired, equal-sized, 0.4 X as long as 5 th tarsomeres. Wing (Fig. 8 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2 nd radial cell damaged; wing length 0.81 mm, width 0.30 mm; costal ratio nearly 0.74. Halter stem pale; knob brown in distal 1 / 2 (Fig. 8 B). Abdomen. Brown. Genitalia (Figs. 8 E; 10 E – F): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin not defined; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2 X longer than basal width; gonostylus near straight 0.81 as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 1 / 2. Parameres swollen (Fig. 10 E) 1.08 X as long as aedeagus, broadly fused at trilobed base; each with a ventral sclerotized oval structure bearing two sharp apical processes, one hook-shaped laterally directed and other aculeated anteroventraly directed. Aedeagus (Fig. 10 F) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, with slightly sclerotized dorsal structure, which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates, ending as an apical projection; basal arms slender, slightly expanded laterally. Female. Unknown	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0AFFAEFF4FFAC3FCF1FD48.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0AFFAEFF4FFAC3FCF1FD48.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “ Fazenda Ema (01 ° 24 ’ 37 ” S, 46 ° 22 ’ 12 ” W), Viseu, Pará, BRASIL, 23 – 24. VI. 2007, CDC light trap, forest, Guimarães, D. col. (MPEG).	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0AFFAEFF4FFAC3FCF1FD48.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in tribute of the municipality of Viseu, where the specimen was collected. Taxonomic discussion. Characters for distinguishing Monohelea visinensis from the related species may be found in the discussion under the description of the M. barbara.	en	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
