identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038850393F17FFB2FF4FFD36FD73FBC3.text	038850393F17FFB2FF4FFD36FD73FBC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monohelea affinis Felippe-Bauer & Spinelli 1991	<div><p>Monohelea affinis Felippe-Bauer &amp; Spinelli, 1991</p><p>Monohelea affinis Felippe-Bauer &amp; Spinelli, 1991: 201 (male, female, Brazil); Borkent &amp; Spinelli, 2000: 49 (in catalog); Borkent &amp; Spinelli, 2007: 83 (in catalog); Borkent, 2016: 129 (in catalog); Santarém &amp; Felippe-Bauer, 2017: 17 (in Brazilian catalog).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil (Amazonas and Pará State).</p><p>New records (Fig. 1). BRAZIL, Pará State, Tracuateua Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.955833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0291667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.955833/lat -1.0291667)">Vila de Santa Maria</a> (01°01’45”S, 46°57’21”W) , 27–28.II.2007, 1 male, 1 female, Gorayeb, I. &amp; Guimarães, D. cols, CDC light trap, peridomicile (MPEG); Viseu Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.47111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4322221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.47111/lat -1.4322221)">Vila de Curupaiti</a> (01°25’56”S, 46°28’16”W) , 20–21.VI.2007, 1 female, Trindade R.L. &amp; Guimarães, D. cols, CDC light trap (MPEG).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038850393F17FFB2FF4FFD36FD73FBC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza;Cardoso, Erick Aragão;Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F04FFA7FF4FF8E2FE81FBFB.text	038850393F04FFA7FF4FF8E2FE81FBFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monohelea barbara Felippe-Bauer & Cardoso & Trindade 2017	<div><p>Monohelea barbara Felippe-Bauer &amp; Trindade sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs.1; 2 A–G; 9A–B)</p><p>Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have brown legs with yellowish bands, two process in distal portion of the paramere, one beak-shaped and the other hook-shaped. Female unknown.</p><p>Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 2 C). Antenna brown; flagellomeres 1–13 with lengths 108- 35- 35- 35- 30- 30- 28- 28- 25- 38- 93- 95- 110 (Fig. 2 B). Antenal ratio 0.93. Palpus (Fig. 2 D) pale brown; 3rd segment nearly oval with small, shallow, sensory organ on mid length; palpal ratio 1.25.</p><p>Thorax. Without definite pattern on slide mounted specimen. Legs (Fig. 2 E) pale brown; fore-, mid coxae and trochanters brown; hind coxa and trochanter missing; femora with mesal and apical yellowish bands; hind femur with a brown ventral spot in the apical yellowish band; tibiae with basal and mesal yellowish bands; tibiofemoral joints yellowish; hind tibial comb with 7 bristles. Tarsi: pale; fore-, hind tarsomere 1 with one basal, one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with 2 basal, 2 apical spines; apical spines of tarsomeres 2-4 of fore-, mid legs: 1-1-1, 2-2-2, basal spines absent; tarsomeres 2-4 of hind leg, missing; fore-, mid tarsal ratios 2.16, 2.43; claws small, paired, equal-sized, 0.35-0.39X as long as 5th tarsomeres. Wing (Fig. 2 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2nd radial cell nearly 1.8X longer than 1st; wing length 0.83 mm, width 0.33 mm; costal ratio 0.75. Halter missing.</p><p>Abdomen. Brown (Fig. 2 F). Genitalia (Figs. 2 G; 9 A–B): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin not defined; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes, each with 4 setae. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2X longer than basal width; gonostylus straight 0.60 as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3/4. Parameres swollen (Fig. 9A) 1.3X as long as aedeagus, largely fused dorsally at base; apical portion with two process laterally directed, similar in length, one beak-shaped, the other hook-shaped. Aedeagus (Fig. 9B) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, with slightly sclerotized dorsal structure, which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates; basal arms slender, not expanded laterally.</p><p>Female. Unknown</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.</p><p>Type. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “Fazenda Morelândia (01°11’43”S, 48°15’35”W), Santa Bárbara do Pará, Pará, BRASIL, 21–22.IX.2008, CDC light trap, Igarapé Baiacú, Trindade R.L. &amp; Guimarães D. cols. (MPEG).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named based on the Muncipality of Santa Bárbara do Pará, where the specimen was collected.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Monohelea barbara most closely resembles M. roraimensis Felippe-Bauer, M. gorayebi sp.nov. and M. visinensis sp.nov. by the brown legs with yellowish bands and by the presence of two apical processes in the paramere. However, one apical process of the paramere is beak-shaped and other hookshaped, similar in lenght, laterally directed (both processes are hook-shaped, one 2X longer than other, laterally directed in M. gorayebi; one process is beak-shaped, laterally directed, and other bilobed internally directed, different in length in M. roraimensis; one process is hook-shaped laterally directed, and other aculeated, anteroventraly directed in M. visinensis); by the basal arms of the aedeagus slender, not expanded laterally (basal arms large, greatly expanded laterally in M. gorayebi; basal arms slender, slightly expanded laterally in M. visinensis).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038850393F04FFA7FF4FF8E2FE81FBFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza;Cardoso, Erick Aragão;Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F02FFA5FF4FFBD6FC2FFD3C.text	038850393F02FFA5FF4FFBD6FC2FFD3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monohelea cornuta Felippe-Bauer & Cardoso & Trindade 2017	<div><p>Monohelea cornuta Felippe-Bauer &amp; Trindade sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1; 3 A–G; 9 C–D)</p><p>Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have yellowish legs, hind femur with infuscated base, mid leg without distinct mesal brown marks, paramere with a sclerotized mesal hook-shaped process, and distal portion of paramere truncated and overlapped. Female unknown.</p><p>Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 3 C). Antenna missing. Palpus (Fig. 3 D) yellowish brown; 3rd segment nearly oval with small, shallow, sensory organ on apical 1/3; lengths of segments 15- 25- 30- 23- 38; palpal ratio 1.3-1.9 (1.6, n=2).</p><p>Thorax. Brown; scutum without definite pattern on slide mounted specimens; scutellum yellowish laterally, with 4 bristles. Legs (Fig. 3 F) yellow; coxae and trochanters brown; fore femur with basal and mesal pale brown bands, mid femur with basal pale brown band, hind femur with infuscated basal band, two brown stripes in middle and a subapical ventral brown spot; apices of tibiae brown; hind tibia with additional dark irregular brown band on 1/2 subbasal; hind tibial comb with 6 bristles. Tarsi: pale; fore-, hind tarsomere 1 with one basal and one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with 2 basal, 2 apical spines; apical spines of fore-, mid-, hind tarsomeres 2–4: 1-1-1 or 1-2- 2, 2-2-2, 1-1-1 or 1-1-2, basal spines absent; fore-, mid-, hind tarsal ratios 2.08–2.23 (2.17, n=4), 2.39–2.56 (2.47, n=4), 2.00 (n=3); claws small, paired, equal-sized, 0.3 to 0.5X as long as 5th tarsomeres. Wing (Fig. 3 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2nd radial cell nearly 2.1X longer than 1st; wing length 0.78–0.85 (0.82, n= 5) mm, width 0.28–0.31 (0.30, n=5) mm; costal ratio 0.73–0.77 (0.75, n=5). Halter stem pale; knob pale brown in distal 1/2 a pale brown spot laterally (Fig. 3 B).</p><p>Abdomen. Yellowish brown (Fig. 3 E). Genitalia (Figs. 3 G; 9 C–D): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin with a short, convex, median lobe with 4 long setae; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2X longer than basal width; gonostylus curved distally, 0.62–0.70 (0.66, n= 5)X as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3/4. Parameres (Fig. 9 C) 1.19–1.78 (1.44, n= 5)X as long as aedeagus, fused at base; each with an external curved, strongly sclerotized, mesal hornshaped process, 0.48–0.56 (0.52, n=5)X as long as distal portion of the paramere, that tapering to blunt apex, laterally truncated and overlapped. Aedeagus (Fig. 9 D) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, with slightly sclerotized dorsal structure, which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates, ending as an apical projection; basal arms slender, not expanded laterally.</p><p>Female. Unknown</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.</p><p>Types. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.47111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4322221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.47111/lat -1.4322221)">Vila de Curupaiti</a> ” (01°25’56”S 46°28’16”W), Viseu, Pará, BRASIL, 20–21.VI.2007, CDC light trap, Trindade R.L. &amp; Guimarães, D. cols. (MPEG) . Paratypes 4 males: 3 males same data as holotype (2 CCER; 1 MPEG), 1 male same data as holotype except 22–23.VI.2007 (MPEG) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Latin: cornu =horn, referring the mesal horn-shaped process on the parameres of males of this species.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Monohelea cornuta most closely resembles M. aguirrei Tavares &amp; Souza, M. archibaldoi Tavares &amp; Souza, M. ema sp. nov., M. hieroglyphica Kieffer, M. maculipennis (Coquillett), M. poncai Lane &amp; Wirth and M. uruguayensis Felippe-Bauer &amp; Spinelli by the presence of a sclerotized mesal hook-shaped process. The new species can be easily separated by the infuscated base of the hind femur (hind femur with brown base in M. aguirrei, M. ema, M. poncai and M. uruguayensis; hind femur with pale base in M. archibaldoi and M. hieroglyphica), by the mid leg without distinct mesal brown marks as in M. archibaldoi (mid leg with mesal brown bands and spots in the other species), by the distal portion of the paramere, tapering to blunt apex, laterally truncated and overlapped (distal portion of the paramere progressively narrowing distally to rounded apex in M. aguirrei, M. archibaldoi, M. ema, M. maculipennis; distal portion of the paramere swollen, tapering and abruptly curved internally in M. hieroglyphica, M. poncai and M. uruguayensis).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038850393F02FFA5FF4FFBD6FC2FFD3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza;Cardoso, Erick Aragão;Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F00FFA5FF4FFC91FC82F81C.text	038850393F00FFA5FF4FFC91FC82F81C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monohelea ema Felippe-Bauer & Cardoso & Trindade 2017	<div><p>Monohelea ema Felippe-Bauer &amp; Trindade sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1; 4 A–G; 9 E–F)</p><p>Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have hind femur with brown base, mid leg with distinct mesal brown bands, paramere with mesal hook-shaped process measuring 0.61X as long as distal portion that progressively narrows distally to rounded apex. Female unknown.</p><p>Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 4 C). Antenna missing. Palpus (Fig. 4 D) pale brown; 3rd segment nearly oval with small, shallow, sensory organ on apical 1/3; lengths of segments 20- 25- 25- 25- 43; palpal ratio 1.25.</p><p>Thorax. Brown; scutum damaged. Legs (Fig. 4 F) yellow; fore leg missing, mid-, hind coxae and trochanters brown; mid femur with basal and mesal pale brown bands, hind femur with basal brown band, one brown stripe in middle, a subapical ventral brown spot; mid tibiae with a mesal and apical pale brown band; hind tibia missing. Tarsi: mid tarsomere 1 with 2 basal, 2 apical spines; mid tarsomeres 2–4 with 2-2-2 apical spines, basal spines absent; mid tarsomere 5 missing; mid tarsal ratio 2.22; claws missing. Wing (Fig. 4 A) partially damaged; macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2nd radial cell nearly 2X longer than 1st; wing length nearly 0.90 mm, width 0.34 mm; costal ratio nearly 0.75. Halter stem pale; knob pale brown in distal 1/2, a pale brown spot laterally (Fig 4 B).</p><p>Abdomen. Pale brown (Fig. 4 E). Genitalia (Figs. 4 G; 9 E–F): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin with a short, convex, median lobe with 4 long setae; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 1.8 X longer than basal width; gonostylus curved in apical 1/2, 0.59 as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3/4. Parameres (Fig. 9 E) 1.36 X as long as aedeagus, broadly fused at trilobed base; each with a long, curved, sclerotized mesal hook-shaped process, 0.61X as long as distal portion of the paramere, that tapering gradually to blunt apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 9 F) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, with slightly sclerotized dorsal structure, which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base, and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates, ending as an apical projection; basal arms slender, slightly expanded laterally.</p><p>Female. Unknown</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.</p><p>Type. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “Fazenda Ema (01°24’37”S, 46°22’12”W), Viseu, Pará, BRASIL, 23–24.VI.2007, CDC light trap, forest, Guimarães, D. col. (MPEG).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after the type locality.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Characters for distinguishing Monohelea ema from the related species may be found in the discussion under the description of the M. cornuta .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038850393F00FFA5FF4FFC91FC82F81C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza;Cardoso, Erick Aragão;Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F01FFAAFF4FFA64FBCEFC04.text	038850393F01FFAAFF4FFA64FBCEFC04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monohelea forceps Felippe-Bauer & Cardoso & Trindade 2017	<div><p>Monohelea forceps Felippe-Bauer &amp; Trindade sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs.1; 5 A–G; 9 G–H)</p><p>Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have yellowish legs, hind femur with an infuscated base, paramere single, swollen, curved, gradually tapering as a forceps, aedeagus with ventral plates abruptly tapered in middle portion. Female unknown.</p><p>Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 5 C). Antenna missing. Palpus (Fig. 5 D) pale brown; 3rd segment nearly oval with small, moderately deep, sensory organ on mid length; lengths of segments 18- 28- 40- 25- 43; palpal ratio 2.0.</p><p>Thorax. Without definite pattern on slide mounted specimen. Legs (Fig. 5 F) yellowish; fore-, mid coxae brown, hind coxae brown on apical 1/2; trochanters brown; fore-, mid femora with basal and mesal brown bands, hind femur with infuscated basal band, two brown stripes in middle, subapical ventral brown spot; fore tibia with inconspicuous mesal brown band, hind tibia with inconspicuous subbasal ventral brown spot, mesal brown stripe; apices of tibiae dark brown; hind tibial comb with 6 bristles. Tarsi: pale, except base of basitarsi pale brown; fore-,hind tarsomere 1 with one basal and one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with 2 basal, 2 apical spines; apical spines of fore-, mid-, hind tarsomeres 2-4: 2-2-1, 2-2-2, 1-1-1, basal spines absent; fore, mid and hind tarsal ratios 2.15, 2.42, 2.00; claws small, paired, equal-sized, 0.4X as long as 5th tarsomeres. Wing (Fig. 5 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2nd radial cell nearly 1.7X longer than 1st; wing length 0.97 mm, width 0.36 mm; costal ratio 0.79. Halter stem pale; knob pale brown in distal 1/2, a pale brown spot laterally (Fig. 5 B).</p><p>Abdomen. Yellowish brown (Fig. 5 E). Genitalia (Figs. 5 G; 9 G–H): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin with a short, convex, median lobe with 4 long setae; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2X longer than basal width; gonostylus curved distally, 0.63X as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3/4. Parameres (Fig. 9 G) 1.15X as long as aedeagus, fused at single base; stem swollen, curved, gradually tapering, internally directed as a forceps . Aedeagus (Fig. 9 H) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates that abruptly tapered in middle portion, each with only delicately sclerotized apical projection which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base, and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates; basal arms slender, expanded laterally.</p><p>Female. Unknown</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.</p><p>Type. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “Vila Santa Maria” (01°01’45”S, 46°57’21”W), Tracuateua, Pará, BRASIL, 27–28.II.2007, CDC light trap, peridomicile, Gorayeb I. &amp; Guimarães, D. cols. (MPEG).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Latin: forceps = forceps, referring the stem of the parameres of males of this species.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Monohelea forceps most closely resembles M. fairchildi Lane &amp; Wirth, M. maya Felippe-Bauer, Huerta &amp; Ibáñez-Bernal, M. patauateua sp. nov., and M. urracaisi Lane &amp; Wirth by the single paramere without mesal or apical process. The new species can be easily separated by the hind femur with an infuscated base (hind femur mostly yellowish brown, without infuscated area on the base in M. fairchildi; hind femur with base uniformely brown in M. maya and M. patauateua; hind femur with pale base in M. urracaisi); by the paramere swollen, curved, gradually tapering as a forceps (paramere slender, sinuous in M. fairchildi; paramere straight, gradually tapering in M. maya; paramere slender,flattened in M. patauateua; paramere slender abruptly curved and tapering in the midlenght in M. urracaisi); by the ventral plates of the aedeagus that abruptly tapered in middle portion (ventral plates of the aedeagus gradually tapering in the other species).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038850393F01FFAAFF4FFA64FBCEFC04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza;Cardoso, Erick Aragão;Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0FFFA9FF4FFBB2FCF1FED0.text	038850393F0FFFA9FF4FFBB2FCF1FED0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monohelea gorayebi Felippe-Bauer & Cardoso & Trindade 2017	<div><p>Monohelea gorayebi Felippe-Bauer &amp; Trindade sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1; 6 A–F; 10 A–B)</p><p>Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have brown legs with yellowish bands, hind femur with two mesal yellowish bands, paramere with two apical hook-shaped processes, one 2X longer than other, aedeagus with base greatly expanded. Female unknown.</p><p>Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 6 C). Antenna missing. Palpus (Fig. 6 D) brown; 3rd segment nearly oval, with large, deep, sensory organ on distal 1/2; lengths of segments 15- 28- 30- 25- 50; palpal ratio 1.5.</p><p>Thorax. Brown, with pattern of yellowish patches, not defined on slide mounted specimen. Legs (Fig. 6 E) brown; coxae and trochanters brown; femora with two mesal yellowish bands; tibiofemora joints yellowish; tibiae with subbasal and mesal yellowish bands; hind tibial comb with 6 bristles. Tarsi: pale; fore tarsus missing; hind tarsomere 1 with one basal and one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with 2 basal, 2 apical spines; apical spines of mid-, hind tarsomeres 2–4: 2-2-1, 1-1-1, basal spines absent; mid-, hind tarsal ratios 2.23, 1.82; claws missing. Wing (Fig. 6 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2nd radial cell nearly 2X longer than 1st; wing length 1.02 mm, width 0.40 mm; costal ratio 0.75. Halter stem pale; knob brown in distal 1/2 (Fig. 6 B).</p><p>Abdomen. Brown. Genitalia (Figs. 6 F; 10 A–B): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin not defined; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes, each with 4 setae. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2X longer than basal width, with a submesal internal sclerotized projection; gonostylus nearly straight 0.88X as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3/4. Parameres swollen (Fig. 10 A) 2.2X as long as aedeagus, largely fused dorsally at base; apical portion with two strong hook-shaped processes laterally directed, one 2X longer than other. Aedeagus (Fig. 10 B) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, each with a delicately sclerotized apical projection, which arises in the aedeagus base; basal arms large, greatly expanded laterally.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.</p><p>Type. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “Vila Santa Maria (01°01’45”S, 46°57’21”W), Tracuateua, Pará, BRASIL, 27–28.II.2007, CDC light trap, peridomicile, Gorayeb, I &amp; Guimarães, D. cols. (MPEG).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Inocêncio Gorayeb that provided kind support for the studies of Ceratopogonidae fauna from Pará State.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Characters for distinguishing Monohelea gorayebi from the related species may be found in the discussion under the description of the M. barbara .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038850393F0FFFA9FF4FFBB2FCF1FED0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza;Cardoso, Erick Aragão;Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F17FFB2FF4FFF77FB47FDCA.text	038850393F17FFB2FF4FFF77FB47FDCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monohelea guaimiesi Lane & Wirth 1964	<div><p>Monohelea guaimiesi Lane &amp; Wirth, 1964</p><p>Monohelea guaimiesi Lane &amp; Wirth, 1964: 227 (male, female, Panama); Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988: 69 (type locality); Felippe- Bauer &amp; Spinelli, 1991: 204 (male, female redescrip.); Borkent &amp; Spinelli, 2000: 50 (in catalog); Borkent &amp; Spinelli, 2007: 83 (in catalog); Borkent, 2016: 129 (in catalog).</p><p>Distribution. Panama, Brazil (Pará State).</p><p>New records (Fig. 1). BRAZIL, Pará State, Viseu Municipality, Vila de Curupaiti (01°25’56”S, 46°28’16”W), 20–21.VI.2007, 1 male, 1 female, Trindade R.L. &amp; Guimarães, D. cols, CDC light trap (MPEG).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038850393F17FFB2FF4FFF77FB47FDCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza;Cardoso, Erick Aragão;Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F04FFA1FF4FFC74FA0EF8C5.text	038850393F04FFA1FF4FFC74FA0EF8C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monohelea Kieffer 1917	<div><p>Key to males of the Amazonian Monohelea species</p><p>1- Legs yellow, with pattern of brown patches (Figs. 3F, 4F, 5F, 7F), paramere single (Figs. 9C, 9G, 10C) or with median process (9E)................................................................................................ 2</p><p>- Legs brown, with pattern of yellowish patches (Figs. 2E, 6E, 8D), paramere with distal process (Figs. 9A, 10A, 10E, 11A, 11C, 11G)................................................................................................ 6</p><p>2- Hind femur with brown base (Figs. 4F, 7F)................................................................. 3</p><p>- Hind femur with pale or slightly infuscated base (Figs. 3F, 5F)................................................. 4</p><p>3- Paramere with mesal process (Fig. 9E)......................................................... M. ema sp. nov.</p><p>- Paramere single (Fig. 10C)............................................................ M. patauateua sp. nov.</p><p>4- Paramere single, without mesal process, with single base (Fig. 9G)............................... M. forceps sp. nov.</p><p>- Paramere with mesal process, with trilobed base (Figs. 9C, 11E)................................................ 5</p><p>5- Paramere with stout horn-shaped mesal process, base fused (Fig. 9C)............................. M. cornuta sp. nov.</p><p>- Paramere with slender mesal process, base not fused (Fig. 11E)........................... M. maculipennis (Coquillett)</p><p>6- Aedeagus with basal arms slender, not expanded antero-posteriorly (Figs. 9B, 10F, 11H), paramere with two distal processes (Figs. 9A, 10E, 11G)................................................................................... 7</p><p>- Aedeagus with basal arms large, greatly expanded antero-posteriorly (Fig. 10B, 11B, 11D), paramere with one (Figs. 11A, 11C) or two distal processes (Fig. 10A).................................................................... 9</p><p>7- Paramere with one beak-shaped distal process and other bilobed (Fig. 11G)........ M. roraimensis Felippe-Bauer &amp; Spinelli</p><p>- Paramere distal processes not as above..................................................................... 8</p><p>8- Paramere with one hook-shaped distal process and other aculeate; paramere with ventral sclerotized structure (Fig. 10E)........................................................................................ M. visinensis sp. nov.</p><p>- Paramere with one beak-shaped distal process and other hook-shaped; paramere without ventral sclerotized structure (Fig. 9A)..................................................................................... M. barbara sp. nov.</p><p>9- Paramere with two distal hook-shaped processes (Fig. 10A).................................... M. gorayebi sp. nov.</p><p>- Paramere with one distal beak-shaped process (Figs. 11A, 11C)................................................ 10</p><p>10- Smaller species (wing length 0.87 mm); yellowish bands of femora and tibiae broad..... M. affinis Felippe-Bauer &amp; Spinelli</p><p>- Greater species (wing length 1.13 mm); yellowish bands of femora and tibiae narrow........... M. guaimiesi Lane &amp; Wirth</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038850393F04FFA1FF4FFC74FA0EF8C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza;Cardoso, Erick Aragão;Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F17FFB2FF4FFBCBFA8FF974.text	038850393F17FFB2FF4FFBCBFA8FF974.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monohelea maculipennis (Coquillett 1905)  1905	<div><p>Monohelea maculipennis (Coquillett), 1905</p><p>Ceratopogon maculipennis Coquillett, 1905: 64 (female, Fla.)</p><p>Monohelea maculipennis: Kieffer, 1917: 312; Wirth, 1953: 140 (redescr.; Mexico, Guatemala, Panama records; figs. wing, female hind leg, male genitalia; discus.); Lane &amp; Wirth, 1964: 227 (distrib.; USA, Bahamas, Ecuador records; figs. female hind leg, parameres; dimorphism); Wirth &amp; Williams, 1964: 308 (distrib.; fig. parameres; dimorphism); Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988: 69 (type locality); Felippe-Bauer, 1998: 228 (Brazil records); Borkent &amp; Spinelli, 2000: 50 (in catalog); Borkent &amp; Spinelli, 2007: 83 (in catalog); Borkent, 2016: 130 (in catalog); Santarém &amp; Felippe-Bauer, 2017: 17 (in Brazilian catalog).</p><p>Distribution. USA (Florida, Louisiana), Mexico (Tamaulipas, Yucatan), Guatemala, Panama, Bahamas and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, Pará State).</p><p>New records (Fig, 1). BRAZIL, Pará State, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.47111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4322221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.47111/lat -1.4322221)">Viseu Municipality</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.47111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4322221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.47111/lat -1.4322221)">Vila de Curupaiti</a> (01°25’56”S, 46°28’16”W), 20–21.VI.2007, 3 males, 9 females, Trindade R.L. &amp; Guimarães, D. cols, CDC light trap (1 male, 7 females – MPEG; 2 males, 2 females - CCER) ; Tracuateua Municipality, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.955833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0291667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.955833/lat -1.0291667)">Vila de Santa Maria</a> (01°01’45”S, 46°57’21”W), 27–28.II.2007, 4 males, 1 female, Gorayeb, I. &amp; Guimarães, D. cols, CDC light trap, peridomicile (MPEG) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.05472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.7447222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.05472/lat -1.7447222)">Capitão Poço Municipality</a>, headquarters district (01°44’41”S, 47°03’17”W), 25–26.XI.2008, 2 male, 3 females, Trindade, R.L., Guimarães, D., Quaresma, A. &amp; Pimentel, T. cols., CDC light trap, farmstead (MPEG) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038850393F17FFB2FF4FFBCBFA8FF974	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza;Cardoso, Erick Aragão;Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0CFFAFFF4FF978FCCCFADB.text	038850393F0CFFAFFF4FF978FCCCFADB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monohelea patauateua Felippe-Bauer & Cardoso & Trindade 2017	<div><p>Monohelea patauateua Felippe-Bauer &amp; Trindade sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1; 7 A–H; 10 C–D)</p><p>Diagnosis. Only Neotropical species of Monohelea with following combination of features: legs yellowish, hind femur with brown base, mid leg without distinct mesal brown marks. Males: paramere single, slender and flattened without mesal or apical process.</p><p>Male. Head: eyes widely separated (Fig. 7 E). Antenna yellowish brown with pedicel darker; flagellomeres 1– 13 with lengths 98- 30- 30- 30- 28- 28- 25- 28- 25- 38- 93- 98- 98 (Fig. 7 C). Antennal ratio 1.01. Palpus yellowish brown; 3rd segment nearly oval with small, shallow, sensory organ on mid portion; lengths of segments 15- 25- 30- 25- 43; palpal ratio 1.7-1.8 (1.7, n=2).</p><p>Thorax. Without definite pattern on slide mounted specimens. Legs (Fig. 7 F) yellow; coxae and trochanters brown; fore femora with basal brown bands and mesal brown stripe, mid femur with basal brown band, hind femur with basal brown band, mesal brown stripe and subapical ventral brown spot; tibiae brown apically; hind tibia with a subbasal ventral brown spot, brown stripe in middle; hind tibial comb with 5–6 bristles. Tarsi: pale; fore-, hind tarsomere with one basal and one apical spine; mid tarsomere 1 with 1–2 (usually 2) basal and 2 apical spines; apical spines of tarsomeres 2–4 of fore-, mid-, hind legs: 1-1-1 or 2-2-2, 2-2-2, 1-1-1, basal spines absent; fore tarsal ratio 2.06–2.25 (2.19, n=4), mid tarsal ratio 2.34–2.36 (2.35, n=2), hind tarsal ratio 2.00 (n=3); claws small, paired, equal-sized, 0.41–0.47 (n=3)X as long as 5th tarsomeres. Wing (Fig. 7 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2nd radial cell nearly 1.9X longer than 1st; wing length 0.81–0.82 (0.82, n=4) mm, width 0.29–0.31 (0.30, n=4) mm; costal ratio 0.75–0.79 (0.76, n=4). Halter stem pale; knob pale brown in distal 1/2, a pale brown spot laterally (Fig. 7 D).</p><p>Abdomen. Yellowish brown. Genitalia (Figs. 7 G; 10 C–D): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin not defined; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes, each with 4 setae. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2X longer than basal width; gonostylus brown, slender, slightly curved 0.55– 0.60 (0.58, n=5) as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 3/4. Parameres (Fig. 10 C) 1.35–1.55 (1.42, n= 5) X as long as aedeagus, narrowly fused at trilobed base; stem slender flattened, tapering to apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 10 D) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, each with only delicately sclerotized apical projection, which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base, and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates, ending as an apical projection; basal arms slender, slightly expanded laterally.</p><p>Female. Similar to male with usual sexual differences; eyes contiguous; antenna missing; palpal ratio 1.75; mandible with 10 teeth. Wing (Fig. 7 B) length 0.86 mm; width 0.35 mm; costal ratio 0.80. Legs as in male; fore-, mid-, hind tarsal ratios 2.22, 2.56, 2.14; fore-, mid claws about 0.70X as long as 5th tarsomeres, hind claw 1.45X as long as 5th tarsomere. Two unequal spermathecae (Fig. 7 H), measuring 68 by 60 µm and 40 by 40 µm, the larger one with sclerotized neck with 12,5 µm.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.</p><p>Types. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “Fazenda Gavião Real (01°29’44”S, 47°13’07”W), Vila de Patauateua, Ourém, Pará, BRASIL, 29–30.XI.2008, CDC light trap, Forest, Trindade R.L. &amp; Guimarães D. cols. (MPEG). Allotype female: same data as holotype (MPEG). Paratypes, 4 males: same data as holotype (2 MPEG; 2 CCER).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named after the type locality.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Characters for distinguishing Monohelea patauateua from the related species may be found in the discussion under the description of the M. forceps .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038850393F0CFFAFFF4FF978FCCCFADB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza;Cardoso, Erick Aragão;Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
038850393F0AFFAEFF4FFAC3FCF1FD48.text	038850393F0AFFAEFF4FFAC3FCF1FD48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monohelea visinensis Felippe-Bauer & Cardoso & Trindade 2017	<div><p>Monohelea visinensis Felippe-Bauer &amp; Trindade sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1; 8 A–E; 10 E–F)</p><p>Diagnosis. The only Neotropical species of Monohelea in which the males have brown legs, hind femur with two mesal yellowish bands, paramere with two pointed apical processes and a ventral, sclerotized oval structure, aedeagus with basal arms slender, slightly expanded laterally. Female unknown.</p><p>Male. Head: eyes widely separated. Antenna pale brown with pedicel darker; flagellomeres 1–9 with lengths 113- 35- 35- 33- 30- 30- 28- 30- 25, 38, 11-13 missing. Antennal ratio untold. Palpus (Fig. 8 C) pale brown; 3rd segment compressed, nearly oval with large, moderately deep, sensory organ on distal 1/2; palpal ratio untold.</p><p>Thorax. Brown; scutum without definite pattern on slide mounted specimen; scutellum yellowish laterally, with 4 bristles. Legs (Fig. 8 D) brown; coxae and trochanters brown; femora with two mesal yellowish bands; tibiofemoral joints yellowish; tibiae with subbasal and mesal yellowish bands; hind tibial comb with 6 bristles. Tarsi: pale; fore-, hind tarsomere 1 with one basal and one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with 1 basal, 2 apical spines; apical spines of midtarsomeres 2–4: 1-1-1, basal spines absent; fore-, hind tarsomeres 2–4 missing; mid tarsal ratio 2.50; median claws small, paired, equal-sized, 0.4X as long as 5th tarsomeres. Wing (Fig. 8 A): macrotrichia restricted to vein costa; microtrichia absent; 2nd radial cell damaged; wing length 0.81 mm, width 0.30 mm; costal ratio nearly 0.74. Halter stem pale; knob brown in distal 1/2 (Fig. 8 B).</p><p>Abdomen. Brown. Genitalia (Figs. 8 E; 10 E–F): sternite IX spiculate except on basal portion, posterior margin not defined; tergite IX tapering with a pair of apicolateral processes. Gonocoxite moderately stout, nearly 2X longer than basal width; gonostylus near straight 0.81 as long as gonocoxite, moderately pilose on basal 1/2. Parameres swollen (Fig. 10 E) 1.08X as long as aedeagus, broadly fused at trilobed base; each with a ventral sclerotized oval structure bearing two sharp apical processes, one hook-shaped laterally directed and other aculeated anteroventraly directed. Aedeagus (Fig. 10 F) triangular, composed of 2 pointed ventral plates, with slightly sclerotized dorsal structure, which arises in the middle way to aedeagus base and produced beyond the apices of ventral plates, ending as an apical projection; basal arms slender, slightly expanded laterally.</p><p>Female. Unknown</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, Pará State.</p><p>Type. Holotype male, on microscope slide labeled “Fazenda Ema (01°24’37”S, 46°22’12”W), Viseu, Pará, BRASIL, 23–24.VI.2007, CDC light trap, forest, Guimarães, D. col. (MPEG).</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in tribute of the municipality of Viseu, where the specimen was collected.</p><p>Taxonomic discussion. Characters for distinguishing Monohelea visinensis from the related species may be found in the discussion under the description of the M. barbara .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038850393F0AFFAEFF4FFAC3FCF1FD48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza;Cardoso, Erick Aragão;Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da	Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, Cardoso, Erick Aragão, Trindade, Rosimeire Lopes Da (2017): New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer from eastern Amazon, Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Zootaxa 4358 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.6
