taxonID	type	description	language	source
038887C4FFC6FFDFB3BBF93C83FA4151.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (syn. Motella tricirrata), shore rockling (Gadiformes: Gadidae). Other hosts: Pagellus bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1756) (syn. P. centrodontus) blackspot sea bream; Callionymus lyra (Linnaeus, 1758) dragonet; Chromis chromis (Linnaeus, 1758) (syn. Heliases chromis) damselfish; Crenilabrus melops (Linnaeus, 1758) corkwing wrasse; Dicentrarchus labrax (Linnaeus, 1758) Mediterranean sea bass; Gadus morhua (Linnaeus, 1758) Atlantic cod; Gobius paganellus (Linnaeus, 1758) rock goby; Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) whiting; Parophidium vasalli (Risso) (syn. Ophidium vasalli); Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) goldline sea bream; Scorpaena scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) red scorpionfish; S. porcus (Linnaeus, 1758) black scorpionfish; S. notata (Rafinesque, 1810) small red scorpionfish; Uranoscopus scaber (Linnaeus, 1758) Atlantic stargazer. Type locality: Roscoff, Atlantic coast of France. Other localities: Northeast Atlantic, Black Sea, Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Tunis, Tunisia (36 ° 45 ’ N, 10 ° 15 ’ E). Site of infection: Within gall bladder Prevalence: the overall prevalence is 4.5 % (15 / 330) (Fig. 9). None fish 0 % (0 / 120) recolted from Bay of Bizerte, was infected with C. arcuata. The infection was confined only at Gulf of Tunis with prevalence 7.14 % (15 / 210) distributed as following, 03 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 04 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 05 / 2012: 10 % (3 / 30); 06 / 2012: 10 % (3 / 30); 07 / 2012: 16.7 % (5 / 30); 08 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 05 / 2013: 15 % (3 / 20); 06 / 2013: 10 % (1 / 10) (see Table 4). Mean intensity: 70.2 ± 14.6 spores / infected fish (+++++) (Fig. 10) (see Table 4). Type-material: Digitized photos of syntype spores were deposited in the parasitological collection of the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, Coll. No. ZS 116. Description Vegetative stages. Polymorphous but generally club-shaped. Only one post-mature disporic plasmodium was seen in this study when the spores were being separated (Fig. 1 A). Spores (n = 30 fresh spores). Mature spores were arcuate in sutural view (Figs. 1 A – E, 8 A) and elongated in apical view (Fig. 1 H), measuring 7.5 ± 0.4 (7 – 9) Μm in length and 35.6 ± 3.3 (30 – 40) Μm in thickness. Posterior angle was concave 150.6 ± 4.2 (142 – 156 °). Valves equal slightly tapering with rounded ends and smoothly ovoid in lateral view (Fig. 1 G). Straight sutural line visible between the two valves. A binucleate sporoplasm, with several sporoplasmosomes, granular in which remnants of valvogenic nuclei persist at tips of the shell valves (Figs. 1 F, 8 A). Polar capsules were subspherical to pyriform, 3.3 ± 0.4 (3 – 4) Μm in length and 3 ± 0.4 (2.5 - 3.5) Μm in width (n = 30). Four to five coils of polar filaments could be observed inside the polar capsules. Remarks According to the available literature, C. arcuata Thélohan, 1892 was identified as the first typical species described from the myxosporean genus Ceratomyxa. It was originally reported from several hosts in different families of fishes from Atlantic and Mediterranean off France and Mediterranean off Italy (Kudo 1920). Until now, in addition to the present work, C. arcuata Thélohan, 1892 has been described in 10 different families of fish (Callionymidae, Gadidae, Gobiidae, Labridae, Moronidae, Ophidiidae, Scorpaenidae, Sparidae, Pomacentridae, Uranoscopidae) (Kalavati & Mackenzie 1999). This confirm that C. arcuata is euryxenous, infecting a huge range of unrelated hosts. However, Kalavati & Mackenzie (1999) believed that some host could be infected accidently by C. arcuata Thélohan, 1892 due to weak intensity and prevalence of infection. Nevertheless, Mackenzie et al. (2005) revealed that C. arcuata can be suitable as biological tags for stock discrimination of some fish species. Moreover, this myxosporean has the most worldwide distribution. It has been reported from different areas around the world as the Northeast Atlantic and a record of 15 different fish species has been infected with C. arcuata (Thélohan 1892,1895; Dunkerly 1921; Théodoridès 1955; Noble 1957; Kabata 1967; Shotter 1970; Feist & Ronga 1996; Kalavati & Mackenzie 1999; Mackenzie et al. 2005), Mediterranean Sea (Thélohan 1892, 1895; Parisi 1912; Jameson 1913; Georgèvitch 1916; Present study), Black Sea (Zaika 1966) and Adriatic Sea (Lubat et al. 1989). The absence of reports of C. arcuata from the Northwest Atlantic suggests that this species is restricted to temperate waters of the Northeast Atlantic (Kalavati & Mackenzie 1999; Mackenzie et al. 2005). Historically, the difference in the published descriptions suggested the possibility to include more than one species of Ceratomyxa. On the basis of the presence or absence of small refringent globules in the trophozoite and the size of the pseudopodia, Labbé (1899) divided C. arcuata into two subspecies: C. arcuata typica, from P. bogaraveo, C. melops and G. mediterraneus and C. arcuata scorpaenarum, from S. scrofa and S. porcus, but this division was rejected by Parisi (1912) and Kudo (1920) as being too arbitrary. Both Parisi (1912) and Meglitsch (1960), noted in their descriptions that the specimens of C. arcuata were smaller with valves of unequal length. Mackenzie et al. (2005) declared that the differences between the description of Meglitsch and both the original description of C. arcuata and the redescription of Kalavati & MacKenzie (1999) suggested that Meglitsch was mistaken in his identification of “ C. arcuata ” from the serranid Anthias punchellas from New Zealand waters. The author is in perfect agreement with this declaration since the comparison between the measurements of the current species and the species identified by Meglitsch (1960) shows no similarity neither in shape nor in size. In this study, the features characteristic of C. arcuata with both sporogonic stages (Disporous) and the mature spores (Equal valves) are in agreement with the original description of Thélohan (1895) and the study of Kalavati & Mackenzie (1999). Likewise, this study records the goldline sea bream S. salpa (L.) as a new host of C. arcuata from the family of sparidae from the Mediterranean Sea after the blackspot sea bream P. bogaraveo (Brünnich, 1756). Ecological notes In this study, based to the classification of parasites by Valtomen et al. (1997), C. arcuata has a parasitic status as scarce species (P <10 %). Infection by C. arcuata was confined only in Gulf of Tunis. During the sampling period, the highest prevalence of infection was noted in July 16.7 % (see Table 4) and mean intensity was moderate with 70.2 ± 14.6 spores per infected fish (Fig. 10).	en	Laamiri, Sayef (2014): New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia. Zootaxa 3887 (2): 157-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3887.2.3
038887C4FFC1FFDDB3BBFF1583E842C1.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 goldline sea bream (Perciformes: Sparidae) Other host: Boops boops Linnaeus, 1758 bogue Type locality: Mediterranean off Monaco, France. Other localities: Mediterranean off Tunisia: Location 1: Gulf of Tunis (36 ° 45 ’ N, 10 ° 15 ’ E); Location 2: Bay of Bizerte (37 ° 20 ’ N, 9 ° 53 ’ E). Site of infection: Within gall bladder Prevalence: The overall prevalence is 20 % (66 / 330) (Fig. 9). At location 1, the prevalence of infection is 22.86 % (48 / 210) distributed as following, 03 / 2012: 13.3 % (4 / 30); 04 / 2012: 20 % (6 / 30); 05 / 2012: 30 % (9 / 30); 06 / 2012: 23.3 % (7 / 30); 07 / 2012: 20 % (6 / 30); 08 / 2012: 10 % (3 / 30); 05 / 2013: 40 % (8 / 20); 06 / 2013: 50 % (5 / 10). At location 2, the prevalence of infection is 15 % (18 / 120) distributed as following, 03 / 2013: 13.3 % (4 / 30); 04 / 2013: 13.3 % (4 / 30); 05 / 2013: 16.7 % (5 / 30); 06 / 2013: 16.7 % (5 / 30) (see Table 4). Mean intensity: 126.9 ± 20.8 spores / infected fish (++++++) (Fig. 10) (see Table 4). Type-material: Digitized photos of syntype spores were deposited in the parasitological collection of the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, Coll. No. ZS 129. Description Vegetative stages. Numerous spherical trophozoïtes found often in massive groups with variety of size (Fig. 2 A). They were seen floating in the bile and contained within several refractile granules and inner generative cells (Fig. 2 A), Monosporic plasmodia (n = 30) (Figs. 2 C – D), mostly spherical to amoeboid, measuring 22.9 ± 2.1 (20 – 25) µm in diameter. The amoeboid plasmodia showed a pseudopodia extending from its periphery (Fig. 2 C) while other spherical seemed disadvantaged from any type of pseudopodia (Figs. 2 C, D) Spores (n = 30 fresh spores). Mature spores were slightly crescent-shaped with anterior margin convex and posterior slightly concave in sutural view (Figs. 2 E – F, H, 8 B), measuring 7.32 ± 0.61 (6.5 – 8) µm in length and 28 ± 1.5 (26 – 30) µm in thickness. Posterior angle was concave to straight 160.9 ± 4.6 (154 – 170 °). Two valves, roughly equal, smoothly ovoid in lateral view tapering gradually toward the end, which one rarely more attenuated than the other. Straight sutural line visible between valves. A binucleate sporoplasm with several visible sporolasmosomes occupied almost the entire spore cavity and rarely dispersed asymmetrically (Fig. 2 E). Polar capsules were almost spherical, 2.95 ± 0.47 (2.5 – 3.6) µm in length and 2.92 ± 0.39 (2.5 – 3.6) µm in width (n = 30). The polar filament formed four turns arranged along the longitudinal axis of the capsule. Remarks	en	Laamiri, Sayef (2014): New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia. Zootaxa 3887 (2): 157-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3887.2.3
038887C4FFC3FFD3B3BBFF1580F042E5.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 goldline sea bream (Perciformes: Sparidae) Type localities: Mediterranean off Tunisia: Location 1: Gulf of Tunis (36 ° 45 ’ N, 10 ° 15 ’ E); Location 2: Bay of Bizerte (37 ° 20 ’ N, 9 ° 53 ’ E). Site of infection: Within gall bladder Prevalence: The overall prevalence is 28.2 % (93 / 330) (Fig. 9). At location 1, the prevalence of infection was 33.3 % (70 / 210) distributed as following, 03 / 2012: 36.7 % (11 / 30); 04 / 2012: 30 % (9 / 30); 05 / 2012: 40 % (12 / 30); 06 / 2012: 46.7 % (14 / 30); 07 / 2012: 23.3 % (7 / 30); 08 / 2012: 30 % (9 / 30); 05 / 2013: 25 % (5 / 20); 06 / 2013: 30 % (3 / 10). At location 2, the prevalence of infection is 19.2 % (23 / 120) distributed as following, 03 / 2013: 13.3 % (4 / 30); 04 / 2013: 13.3 % (4 / 30); 05 / 2013: 26.7 % (8 / 30); 06 / 2013: 23.3 % (7 / 30) (see Table 4). Mean intensity: 211.2 ± 50.6 spores / infected fish (++++++) (Fig. 9) (see Table 4). Type-material: Digitized photos of syntype spores were deposited in the parasitological collection of the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, Coll. No. ZS 117. Description Vegetative stages. Trophozoites (n = 100) were freely floating in bile of the gallbladder in different stages of maturation and some seen attached to gall bladder epithelium. Polymorphous with great variety of shape and size, elongated with same breadth or tapering to one end or club-shaped with roundish enlargements (Fig. 3 B). Young trophozoïtes were spherical or pyriform (Figs. 3 E – F). Trophozoïtes were attached to each other by their pseudopodia while other possessed a long pseudopodia-like filopodia probably used for their motility (Fig. 3 A). Protoplasm homogeneous with fine refractile granules and inner generative cells. Subspherical to spherical plasmodia measuring 30.23 ± 5.5 (22 – 40) µm in length and 31.8 ± 5.1 (27 – 44.5) µm in width (n = 50). Disporous, each plasmodium contained ordinarily two identical spores (Figs. 3 C – E), or polysporous, with formation of numerous disporic plasmodia attached to each other within the trophozoïte mother (Figs. 3 C – D). Spores (n = 100 fresh spores). Mature spores were elliptic to hemispherical broadly with round ends in sutural view (Figs. 3 I – K, M, 8 C), measuring 10.5 ± 1.2 (8 – 12) Μm in length and 21.6 ± 1.6 (20 – 24) Μm in thickness. Posterior angle was flattened to straight 172.5 ± 6.8 (165 – 180 °). The suture line divided the spore in two equal valves smoothly ovoid in lateral view (Fig. 3 J). Polar capsules were nearly spherical to sub-spherical 3.91 ± 0.25 (3.5 – 4.5) Μm in length and 3.89 ± 0.27 (3.5 – 4.5) Μm in width (n = 100). The polar filament formed five to six turns arranged along the longitudinal axis of the capsule. A binucleate sporoplasm almost filled the spore cavity and was generally distributed symmetrically. Occasionally, aberrant spores with 3 polar capsules and 3 valves were observed (Figs. 3 F, L). Remarks The first description of C. herouardi was illustrated by Georgévitch (1916 a, 1916 b, 1916 c, 1917) from S. salpa captured in Mediterranean coast of Monaco, France. The description was focused on the huge variety of the vegetative forms. Georgévitch (1916) declared that C. herouardi has been especially deserved the most attention from all the Ceratomyxa spp. identified in that time by its extraordinary vegetative forms that were very diverse (Figs. 3 A – F): round, elliptical, pyriform, elongated and very unequal in size and by its mature spores that could show dissimilar shape in different views. In result of that, Jameson (1913) mentioned the same forms and variety of trophozoïtes in the same host, organ and locality (Monaco) without recognized the spores. He couldn’t determined the species and he declared in his study that the form of parasite found in the gall bladder of S. salpa has something of the appearance of a Lepthoteca (Kudo 1920). Georgévitch (1917) believed that the variety of the trophozoites and the complexity of it developmental cycle according to the process of endogenous or exogenous budding, were an important characteristics to identify C. herouardi from the other species of the same genus. This author made a traditional demonstration about the life cycle of C. herouardi based to observations in light microscopy and some erroneous hypothesis that attached to myxosporeans described many years ago. In recent paper, the different vegetative forms of C. herouardi are recognized and the first measurements of the sporogonic stages and as well as mature spore are given (see Table 5). Ecological notes During the sampling period, the overall rate of infection is 28.2 % and this myxosporean has a parasitic status as less frequent species even it has a great mean of intensity with 211.2 ± 50.6 spores per individual infected host (Fig. 10). Infection by C. herouardi was detected during the whole period of investigation. In Gulf of Tunis, the infection started from March to August with maximum prevalence in June 46.7 % while the infection commenced from March to June in Bay of Bizerte and maximum prevalence was recorded in May 26.7 %. During examination of goldline sea bream’s gall bladder, the intensity of infection was important and showed no significant variation with months (see Table 4).	en	Laamiri, Sayef (2014): New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia. Zootaxa 3887 (2): 157-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3887.2.3
038887C4FFCDFFD1B3BBF9FE836345BE.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 goldline sea bream (Perciformes: Sparidae) Type locality: Mediterranean off Tunisia, Gulf of Tunis (36 ° 45 ’ N, 10 ° 15 ’ E). Site of infection: Within gall bladder Prevalence: The overall prevalence is 2.1 % (7 / 330) (Fig. 9). 0 % (0 / 120) fish infected in the Bay of Bizerte. The infection was restricted to the Gulf of Tunis with prevalence 3.33 % (7 / 210) distributed as following, 03 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 04 / 2012: 23.3 % (7 / 30); 05 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 06 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 07 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 08 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 05 / 2013: 0 % (0 / 20); 06 / 2013: 0 % (0 / 10) (see Table 4). Mean intensity: 47.1 ± 11.5 spores / infected fish (++++) (Fig. 10) (see Table 4). Type-material: Digitized photos of syntype spores were deposited in the parasitological collection of the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, Coll. No ZS 118. Description Vegetative stages. Trophozoïtes were freely floating in bile of the gallbladder in different stages of maturation and some seen attached to each others with their pseudopodia mostly short (Fig. 4 A), Plasmodia (n = 30) were both monosporous and disporous (Figs. 4 A – E), spherical to sub-spherical with variety of size, measuring 22.5 ± 4.23 (18.9 – 29.4) µm in length and 28.6 ± 6.43 (20.5 – 37.5) µm in width. Each plasmodium occupied one or two identical spores with some refractive granules. Spores (n = 30 fresh spores). Spores typical of the genus Ceratomyxa. Mature spores were elongated in sutural view (Fig. 4 F, 8 D) measuring in 7.32 ± 0.52 (6.52 – 7.92) µm in length and in 29.32 ± 1.5 (27.8 – 31.8) µm in breadth of central portion and 67.98 ± 2.44 (64.9 – 70.1) µm in total thickness. Enlarged valves were greatly extended and presented almost the half of the length of the spore. They are twisted forming with the basal plane of the spore an angle high-pitched in each side α = 35.6 ± 12.3 (28 – 57 °) (Fig. 4 F). Polar capsules were spherical and convergent 3.26 ± 0.23 (3 – 3.5) µm in length and 3.26 ± 0.23 (3 – 3.5) µm in width (n = 30). Numbers of turns of polar filament coil appeared to be 4 – 5. Sporoplasm finely granular and suture line perpendicular to the basal plane. Rarely, atypical spores with three valves, possessing three polar capsules, were observed (Fig. 4 H). Taxonomic affinities The recent isolate species has a specific feature with the presence of enlarged valves “ appendages ” which make it distinguishable from other confamiliar known Ceratomyxa spp. Over all the species of Ceratomyxa described in Mediterranean Sea or from different part of the world, the current species appears to be morphologically similar only to one species C. taenia Davis, 1917 described from the gall bladder of elasmobranch species Scoliodon terra-novae (Richardson, 1836) from the Atlantic Ocean (USA) (see Table 1). However, the present finding can be clearly separated from C. taenia by having spores larger in length and smaller in both breath of central part and total thickness. Furthermore, the average range of polar capsules of the current species is bigger than those of C. taenia and the angle between the shell valves and the basal plane is high-pitched for present form while it is right for C. taenia. On the other hand, the original report of C. taenia noted that this species has merely a disporic plasmodia on the contrary to the present form. In view of the morphological differences, host and locality records, this species is considered distinct and designated as unknown species identified by the first time in sparid host S. salpa from the Mediterranean Sea. Ecological notes During this study, the overall prevalence is 2.1 %. This myxosporean has a parasitic status as satellite species. Infection by Ceratomyxa sp. 1 was restricted only in Gulf of Tunis and this species was detected only in April with prevalence 23.3 % and mean intensity 47.1 ± 11.5 spores per infected fish (see Table 4). (measurements are in micrometer). Species Host Locality Spore Polar capsule Length Breadth of Thickness Length Width central portion Ceratomyxa sp. 1 Sarpa salpa Tunisia (Gulf of 7.32 29.32 67.98 3.26 3.26 (Present study) Tunis) (6.52 – 7.92) (27.8 – 31.8) (64.9 – 70.1) (3 – 3.5) (3 – 3.5)	en	Laamiri, Sayef (2014): New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia. Zootaxa 3887 (2): 157-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3887.2.3
038887C4FFC8FFD4B3BBFF15847A47A2.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758, goldline sea bream (Perciformes: Sparidae) Type locality: Mediterranean off Tunisia, Gulf of Tunis (36 ° 45 ’ N, 10 ° 15 ’ E). Site of infection: Within gall bladder Prevalence: The overall prevalence is 8.8 % (29 / 330) (Fig. 9). 0 % (0 / 120) fish infected in the Bay of Bizerte. The infection was confined only at Gulf of Tunis with prevalence 13.8 % (29 / 210) distributed as following, 03 / 2012: 16.7 % (5 / 30); 04 / 2012: 20 % (6 / 30); 05 / 2012: 10 % (3 / 30); 06 / 2012: 10 % (3 / 30); 07 / 2012: 20 % (6 / 30); 08 / 2012: 10 % (3 / 30); 05 / 2013: 15 % (3 / 20); 06 / 2013: 0 % (0 / 10) (see Table 4). Mean intensity: 98.5 ± 25.7 spores / infected fish (+++++) (Fig. 10) (see Table 4). Type-material: Digitized photos of syntype spores were deposited in the parasitological collection of the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, Coll. No. ZS 127. Description Vegetative stages. Trophozoïtes were sub-spherical to pyriform (Figs. 5 A, B), floating freely in the bile. Some live trophozoïtes were seen with a long pseudopodia, extending on all it periphery and containing numerous refractile granules and inner generative cells (Fig. 5 A, B). Monosporic plasmodia (n = 30), measuring 23.1 ± 3.25 (18 – 27) µm in length and 38.94 ± 5.72 (32 – 48) µm in width. Each plasmodium presented one spore which the extreme part of each shell valves are twisted and surrounded with very granular endoplasm (Figs. 5 D, E). Spores (n = 30 fresh spores). Spores typical of the genus Ceratomyxa. Mature spores were elongated, arcuate to crescent-shaped in sutural view (figs. 7 A – B, 8 E) measuring 9.73 ± 0.63 (9 - 10.5) µm in length and 40.32 ± 3.83 (35 – 45) µm in thickness. Posterior angle was concave 150.2 ± 2.9 (146 – 155 °). The valves were almost equal with rounded ends and smoothly ovoid in lateral view. Anterior and posterior margins of shell valves tapered gradually to the end. A binucleate sporoplasm contained numerous sporoplasmosomes and occupied most of the spore cavity and separated by straight sutural line visible between the valves (Fig. 5 F, H). Polar capsules were pyriform 4.2 ± 0.2 (4 – 4.5) µm in length and 3.51 ± 0.39 (3 – 4) µm in width (n = 30). The polar filament formed four to five turns arranged along the longitudinal axis of the capsule. Taxonomic affinities Among the Ceratomyxa spp. reported from the Mediterranean Sea and throughout the world and under consideration of the morphological and measures characteristics of the studied species, several species seem superficially closer to the current finding. These species are: C. arcuata Thélohan, 1892 described in different hosts and localities (see Table 5). C. elongata (syn. C. lepidopusi, see Gunter & Adlard 2010), C. subtilis Meglitsch, 1960 found in the gall bladders of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen, 1788) and Coelorhynchus australis (Richardson, 1838) respectively from New Zealand waters, C. rohdei Moser, Kent & Dennis, 1989 found in the gall bladder of Petroscrites fallax (Smith-Vaniz, 1976) from Australia, C. durusa Aseeva, 2003 described from the gall bladders of Limanda aspera (Pallas, 1814) and L. herzensteini (Jordan & Snyder, 1901) in Russia (Sea of Japan) and C. anko Freeman, Yokoyama & Ogawa, 2008 found in the gall bladder of the Lophius litulon (Jordan, 1902) from the Pacific coast of Japan (see Table 2). Comparative study of morphological and morphometric characteristics of the spores and polar capsules with the mentioned above species shows that the present species distinguishes from C. arcuata by having thicker spores with two shell valves narrower toward their ends compared to those of C. arcuata. The spores of C. elongata and C. durusa appear to be much thicker than those of isolate species and their polar capsules are ordinarily spherical on the contrary to the present form. For C. subtilis, only the shape of spore is closely similar to recent species, however no measurements overlap between both species. The spores of C. rohdei are shorter in length and possess two spherical polar capsules while those of the current species are pyriform. the recent finding is separated from C. anko by having two polar capsules pyriform while those of C. anko are typically spherical. Besides, the valves of the present isolate are narrower than those of C. anko. In light of these differences with closely related species, we believe that present myxozoan under study found infecting the gall bladder of S. scriba, is a morphologically a distinct species reported by the first time in S. salpa from the Mediterranean Sea. Ecological notes During this study, infection by Ceratomyxa sp. 2 was observed only at Gulf of Tunis. The overall prevalence is 8.8 %. This myxosporean has a parasitic status as satellite species. Infection by C. sp. 2 started from March to August. Prevalence and mean intensity values fluctuated with months and the maximum rate of infection was noted in April and July with 20 % (see Table 4). Overally, the mean intensity was moderate with 98.5 ± 25.7 spores per infected fish (Fig. 10). Species Host (s) Localiity Spore Polar capsule Length Thickness Length Width Ceratomyxa sp. 2 Sarpa salpa Tunisia (Gulf of 9.73 (9 – 10.5) 40.32 4.2 3.51 (Present study) Tunis) (35 – 45) (4 – 4.5) (3 – 4) Type host: Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758, goldline sea bream (Perciformes: Sparidae) Type locality: Mediterranean off Tunisia, Bay of Bizerte, Tunisia (37 ° 20 ’ N, 9 ° 53 ’ E). Site of infection: Within gall bladder Prevalence: The overall prevalence is 3 % (10 / 330) (Fig. 9). None fish caught from Gulf of Tunis was parasitized with C. sp. 3. The infection was recorded only at Bay of Bizerte with prevalence 8.33 % (10 / 120) distributed as following, 03 / 2013: 0 % (0 / 30); 04 / 2013: 0 % (0 / 30); 05 / 2013: 33.3 % (10 / 30); 06 / 2013: 0 % (0 / 30) (see Table 4). Mean intensity: 35.5 ± 8.4 spores / infected fish (++++) (Fig. 10) (see Table 4). Type-material: Digitized photos of syntype spores were deposited in the parasitological collection of the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, Coll. No. ZS 128. Description Vegetative stages. Trophozoïtes (n = 30) were pyriform, floating freely in the bile and measured 19.6 ± 2.05 (16.9 – 22.8) µm in length and 32.68 ± 2.57 (29.5 – 36.4) µm in width. Disporous, each plasmodium contained two identical spores with fine granules (Fig. 6 A, B). Spores (n = 30 fresh spores). Spores typical of the genus Ceratomyxa. Mature spores were narrowly crescentshaped and transversely elongate, with anterior margin slightly convex and posterior slightly concave in sutural view (Figs. 6 C – E, 8 F), measuring 7.4 ± 0.8 (6.5 – 8.5) µm in length and 30 ± 1.8 (28 – 33) µm in thickness. Posterior angle was slightly concave to straight 168.5 ± 4.2 (162 – 172 °). Two shell valves equal in size and straight sutural line visible between valves (Figs. 6 C – F). The most attractive feature was a binucleate sporoplasm not filling all the spore cavity so that the space around each polar capsule was completely free (Figs. 6 C – F). Polar capsules were typically spherical, 3 ± 0.41 (2.5 – 3.5) µm in length and 3 ± 0.41 (2.5 - 3.5) µm in width (n = 30). The polar filament coiled with four to five turns, situated perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the capsule. Taxonomic affinities In Mediterranean Sea, Ceratomyxa sp. 3 shows morphological resemblances to four species of Ceratomyxa which are C. pallida Thélohan, 1895 described from the gall bladders of S. salpa and B. boops in France, C. puntazzi and C. sp 1 Alama-Bermejo, Raga & Holzer, 2011 described from the gall bladders of Diplodus puntazzo (Walbaum, 1792) and Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) respectively in Spain and C. filamentosi Kalatzis, Kokkari & Katharios, 2013 described recently from the gall bladder of Aulopus filamentosus (Bloch, 1792) in Greece (Cretan sea) (see Tables 3 and 5). The comparison between mentioned above species and current isolate proves that all the measurements of C. pallida, C. puntazzi, C. filamentosi and recent species overlap, however, the difference between all of these species and the present finding is transflated in the shape and the place of sporoplasm within current spores whose does not occupy the entire spore cavity. Besides, the only species that has a disporic plasmodia as recent form, is C. puntazzi that characterized by plasmodia with very granular protoplasm and motile pseudopodia-like filopodia which are both lacking at current species. In addition, the present finding differs from C. sp. 1 ex S. aurata by having spores larger in length and much thicker. In others areas around the world, the recent species is superficially similar to C. moenei Meglitsch, 1960 found in the gall bladder of Polyprionum moene (Phillips) from New Zealand, C. seriolae Yokoyama & Fukuda, 2001 found in the gallbladder of Seriola quinqueradiata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) from Japan, C. azonusi Asseva, 2003 found in the gall bladder of Pleurogrammus azonus (Jordan & Metz, 1913) from Russia (Sea of Japan) and C. milleri Gunter, Whipps & Adlard, 2009 found in the gall bladder of Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775) from Great Barrier Reef (Australia) (see Table 3). From the first evaluation, it was clearly that recent isolate is differentiated from all 4 species by the shape and place of sporoplasm inside the spore. Furthermore, C. moenei has a posterior margin that is more strongly concave than that of the present species. C. azonusi differs from current finding by having a pyriform polar capsules while those of the present species are typically spherical. The spores of C. milleri appear to be thinner than those of the current species besides no measurements overlap between both species. The spores of C. seriolae are shorter in length and have a smaller polar capsules compared to those of recent form. Therefore, taking account all the revealed differences with closely related congeneric species, the present myxosporean has a dissimilar morphological characteristics and it designated as a different species, not previously identified in S. salpa from the Mediterranean Sea. Ecological notes During this study, the overall prevalence is 3 %. This myxosporean has a parasitic status as scarce species. Infection by Ceratomyxa sp. 3 was restricted only in Bay of Bizerte and this species was detected only in May with prevalence 33.3 % and mean intensity 35.5 ± 8.4 spores per infected fish (see Table 4). Species Host (s) Locality Spore Polar capsule Length thickness Length Width	en	Laamiri, Sayef (2014): New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia. Zootaxa 3887 (2): 157-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3887.2.3
038887C4FFD4FFCDB3BBF9D986744550.taxon	materials_examined	Type host: Sarpa salpa Linnaeus, 1758 goldline sea bream (Perciformes: Sparidae) Type localities: Mediterranean off Tunisia: Location 1: Gulf of Tunis (36 ° 45 ’ N, 10 ° 15 ’ E); Location 2: Bay of Bizerte (37 ° 20 ’ N, 9 ° 53 ’ E). Site of infection: Mesenteric vessels Prevalence: The overall prevalence is 1.2 % (4 / 330) (Fig. 9). At location 1, the prevalence of infection is 1.4 % (3 / 210) distributed as following, 03 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 04 / 2012: 10 % (3 / 30); 05 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 06 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 07 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 08 / 2012: 0 % (0 / 30); 05 / 2013: 0 % (0 / 20); 06 / 2013: 0 % (0 / 10). At location 2, the prevalence of infection is 0.8 % (1 / 120) distributed as following, 03 / 2013: 0 % (0 / 30); 04 / 2013: 0 % (0 / 30); 05 / 2013: 3.3 % (1 / 30); 06 / 2013: 0 % (0 / 30) (see Table 4). Mean intensity: 5 ± 2.5 cysts / infected fish (Fig. 10) (see Table 4). Type-material: Digitized photos of syntype spores were deposited in the parasitological collection of the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, Coll. No. ZS 130. Description Vegetative stages. The parasite was found within mesenteric vessel of the host. Cysts were oval to round in shape and unequal in size with development asynchronous. They are measuring from 1.5 to 4 mm in diameter, filled with fluid containing a suspension of mature and immature spores which appear milky white by naked eye (Fig. 7 A). Spores (n = 30 fresh spores). Spores typical of the genus Henneguya. Mature spores were ovoid in side view with slightly attenuated posterior end (Fig. 7 C – G, J, 8 G) and ellipsoidal in sutural view (Fig. 7 I). Two shell valves smooth and equal in size with wide sutural ridge. Spore body measuring 15.26 ± 1.34 (12.6 – 16.2) µm in length, 9.94 ± 0.71 (9 – 10.8) µm in width and 8.6 ± 0.37 (8.2 – 9) µm in thickness. Two polar capsules were pyriform and equal in size, 5.55 ± 0.20 (5.4 – 5.78) Μm in length and 2.55 ± 0.1 (2.48 – 2.65) µm in width (n = 30). The polar filament coiled with five to six turns. Two capsulogenic nuclei located between the polar capsules (Fig. 7 F). A binucleate sporoplasm situated directly behind two polar capsules, filling almost the entire spore cavity. Ten sutural markings were distinct and usually arranged all around the circumference of the spore and being more spaced in the posterior part than at the anterior one (Figs. 7 D – E, G). Two caudal projections were filiform and long extending from posterior of spore with 49.32 ± 4.43 (42.3 – 55.8) µm in total length (Figs. 7 J – K, 8 G). Often, the fine distal portion of the appendage wrapped around the thicker part (Figs. 7 F, J, 8 G). Total length of spores was 64.58 ± 4.62 (58.5 – 70.2) Μm. Taxonomic affinities According to the scientific papers, only one histozoic species belong to genus of Hennguya Thélohan, 1892, H. neapolitana Parisi, 1912 has been described infecting the connective tissue of the renal tubule of kidney of S. salpa. The comparison between both species provides that current species differs from H. neapolitana not only by the organ host but also by the shape and the morphometric measurements (see Table 6). According to the study of Parisi (1912), H. neapolitana found in the connective tissue of the renal tubule of kidney of S. salpa with small cyst (40 to 50 µm Ø) while present species is found in the mesenteric vessels and forming a big white cysts (1 - 4 mm Ø) (Fig. 7 A). Concerning the shape of the spores, H. neapolitana is more ovoid than the recent form and it polar capsules often cross each other while those of present finding are almost parallel to each other and to the sutural rim. Moreover, the spores of the current species are more longer than those of H. neapolitana in length and in width of the spore body and especially in the length of caudal projections (see Table 6). Among all the species of Henneguya found in the Mediterranean Sea, no species found in the mesentery vessels of its host. All the Henneguya spp. described from the sparids are found especially infecting the heart tissue (arterial bulb), the kidney or the gills. From these known species, the recent isolate shows some similar morphological appearances to H. mbourensis and H. yoffensis Kpatcha, Faye, Diebakate, Fall & Toguebaye, 1997 infecting the kidney of Dentex canariensis (Steindachner, 1881) and the gills and heart of P. caeruleostictus (Valenciennes, 1830) respectively from Senegal, H. pagri Yokoyama, Itoh & Tanaka, 2005 infecting the bulbus arteriosus of Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) from Japan, H. mauritaniensis Khlifa, Miller, Adlard, Faye & Sasal, 2012 from the arterial bulb of Pagrus caeruleostictus off Mauritania and Henneguya sp. Bahri, Benhassine & Marques, 1996 found in the gills of Sparus aurata (Linnaeus, 1758) from Tunisia that was being the same species observed by Caffara, Marcer, Florio, Quaglio & Fioravanti, 2003 in the bulbus arteriosus and the gills of the same host from Italian fish farm (see Table 6). Although all these species are very similar in shape to current species, they each exhibit one or more distinguishing characteristics. Generally all these species are shorter in total length and have spores smaller in length and width compared to those of present form (see Table 6). According to the synopsis of Henneguya (Eiras 2002, Eiras & Adriano 2012), only 2 species of Henneguya found infecting the mesentery of their hosts H. visceralis Jakovska & Nigrelli, 1953 found in Electrophorus electricus (Linnaeus, 1766) from Brazil and H. schakletoni Brickle, Kalavati & MacKenzie, 2006 in Eleginops maclovinus (Valenciennes, 1830) from Off the Falkland Islands (see Table 6). The recent species differs from H. visceralis by having a larger spores with shorter polar capsules and a very long caudal appendages. Although, most of the morphometric measurements between present finding and H. schakletoni overlap, the spores of this latter are morphologically quite different. Furthermore, the current species has larger polar capsules and longer caudal projections than those of H. schakletoni. According to the paper of Brickle et al. (2006) the spores of H. schakletoni contained one large vacuole (2.0 – 3.0 Ø) placed between the posterior ends of the polar capsules and the sporoplasm which is lacking at the present species. Moreover, the cysts of our species are much larger than those of H. schekletoni (1 - 4 mm vs 0.5 - 0.8 mm) and is, therefore, a distinct species. Another species H. lateolabracis Yokoyama, Kawakami, Yasuda & Tanaka, 2003 found infecting the heart (bulb arteriosus) of the sea bass fish Lateolabrax sp. This species shows great superficial similarities in shape to our species. However, no measurement range overlap between both species (see Table 6). The recent isolate seems to have spores more bigger with longer caudal appendages compared to the spores of H. lateolabracis. Furthermore, the difference in site of infection confirms that both species are dissimilar. In light of these differences with closely related species, host organ and locality records, the myxosporean under study is considered as a different species and is reported by the first time infecting the sparid S. salpa in the Mediterranean Sea. Ecological notes In this study, Henneguya sp. found with very weak overall prevalence 1.2 %. This myxosporean has a parasitic status as scarce species. In Gulf of Tunis, the infection was only observed in April with prevalence 10 % and mean intensity 6 cysts per infected individual host whereas in Bay of Bizerte infection by this parasite was noted only in May with prevalence 3.3 % and mean intensity 4 cysts per infected individual host (see Table 4). Species Host (s) Locality Spore Polarcapsule PA (°) SL ST PCL PCW. arcuata Kalavati & Mackenzie Pagellus bogaraveo France (Monaco), Italy 6.8 ± 0.9 36.2 ± 2.7 3.7 ± 0.7 3.0 ± 0.2 ND 1999) (6.0 – 9.0) (32.5 – 40.0) (2.5 – 5.0) (2.5 – 4.0) Present study) Sarpa salpa Tunisia (Gulf of Tunis) 7.5 ± 0.4 35.6 ± 3.3 3.3 ± 0.4 3 ± 0.4 150.6 ± 4.2 (7 – 9) (30 – 40) (3 – 4) (2.5 – 3.5) (142 – 156)	en	Laamiri, Sayef (2014): New observations on Myxozoa of the goldline sea bream Sarpa salpa L. 1758 (Teleostei: Sparidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia. Zootaxa 3887 (2): 157-190, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3887.2.3
