identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038A9E62FF9BD423FD85C5C24428F9E2.text	038A9E62FF9BD423FD85C5C24428F9E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fidiobia hispanica Popovici & Buhl 2010	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Fidiobia hispanica Popovici &amp; Buhl, 2010</p>
            <p>Figs 1-3</p>
            <p> Fidobia synergorum – O’Connor et al., 2004: 14 [not Kieffer, 1921] [misidentification]. </p>
            <p>Identification</p>
            <p>Specimens were identified to genus using the key by Masner &amp; Huggert (1989) and to species with the key by Popovici &amp; Buhl (2010). Detailed illustrations are given by Popovici &amp; Buhl (2010). The following notes are provided to improve the diagnosis of the female metasoma given in the original description of this species and to take account of telescoping of the apical gastral tergites, which varies naturally and can also be affected by the preservation techniques used. Numbers given are: range (arithmetic mean, ± standard deviation) {range for the type series}.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis of female metasoma</p>
            <p>Ratio between length and width of metasoma 2.1–2.7 (2.2 ±0.17) {2.7–2.8}; ratio between width and length of T1 3.0–4.5 (3.4 ±0.5) {3.6–5.0}; ratio between maximum and minimum width of T1 1.1–1.7 (1.4 ±0.16) {1.5–1.7}; ratio between length and width of T2 0.8–1.1 (0.9 ±0.1) {1.0}; ratio between length of T2 and length of T1 3.3–6.5 (4.1 ±0.9) {4.8–5.0}; ratio between length of T2 and length of T3 3.1–4.0 (3.6 ±0.3) {2.4}; ratio between maximum and minimum width of T2 1.2–1.5 (1.3 ±0.1) {1.2– 1.3}; ratio between length of T3 and length of T4 1–1.5 (1.1 ±0.2) {1.0–1.3}; ratio between maximum and minimum width of T3 1.1–1.3 (1.2 ±0.1) {1.1}; ratio between maximum and minimum width of T4 1.1– 1.6 (1.2 ±0.1) {1.1–1.3}; T6 triangular, ratio between length of T6 and T5 1.7–2.8 (2.1 ±0.4) {1.3–1.5}.</p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> ENGLAND: London, Greenwich, Vanbrugh Pits, 16 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, reared from a batch of beetle eggs in vacated  Andricus lignicola (Hartig, 1840) gall on  Quercus robur Linnaeus, 1753 , gall collected 17 Jan. 2010, D. G. Notton; London, Greenwich, Vanbrugh Pits, TQ397771, 5 ♀♀, reared from a batch of beetle eggs in a vacated cell of  Synergus umbraculus (Olivier, 1791) in an old  Andricus kollari (Hartig, 1843) gall on  Quercus robur , gall collected 14 Mar. 2010, D. G. Notton (all BMNH). </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> Genus and species recorded here as new to Britain. Previously recorded from Ireland by O’Connor et al. (2004, as  F. synergorum ) and from Spain and Ireland by Popovici &amp; Buhl (2010). </p>
            <p>Biology</p>
            <p> The genus  Fidiobia contains more than a dozen species worldwide, of which seven are known from the Palaearctic. These wasps are endoparasitoids of beetle eggs, and consequently are very small, typically 0.6–1.3 mm, and rarely collected (Popovici &amp; Buhl 2010).  Fidiobia hispanica was previously reared from the galls of  Andricus lignicola by O’Connor et al. (2004), although the host remains were not located, and the host identity not confirmed. Spanish material was collected in a pine / juniper forest (Popovici &amp; Buhl 2010). In the present study two broods of  F. hispanica were reared. The first was from a batch of beetle eggs found in a vacated gall of  Andricus lignicola on  Quercus robur . The host eggs were in a small irregular chamber at the base of the gall connected to the outside by a hole. There were at least 34 host eggs, 22 of which had been parasitised. (31 empty shells, 16 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂ emerged, 3 unemerged). The second brood was reared from a batch of beetle eggs found in a vacated  Synergus umbraculus cell in an old vacated  Andricus kollari gall. In both cases the galls were old, previously vacated and of weathered appearance, and in both cases the hosts were beetle eggs and not the original inhabitants of the gall. There have been several other rearings of other  Fidiobia species from oak galls (e.g., Vlug 1995; O’Connor et al. 2004), which may be explained the same way –  Fidiobia reared from oak galls are not using  Cynipidae or their inquilines or parasitoids as hosts; it is much more likely that they are attacking beetle eggs which have been laid in cavities in old oak galls. Furthermore, the possibility should be kept in mind that  F. hispanica has no particular association with oak galls. Probably there is a sampling bias since many people rear oak galls, and there is currently no reason to suppose  F. hispanica would not attack the same beetle eggs elsewhere, such as in bark crevices. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A9E62FF9BD423FD85C5C24428F9E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Notton, David G.;Popovici, Ovidiu A.;Achterberg, Cornelis Van;Rond, Jeroen De;Burn, John T.	Notton, David G., Popovici, Ovidiu A., Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Rond, Jeroen De, Burn, John T. (2014): Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 99 (99): 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.99
038A9E62FF99D425FDDBC69B457DFCB5.text	038A9E62FF99D425FDDBC69B457DFCB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macroteleia Westwood 1835	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Macroteleia Westwood, 1835</p>
            <p> Two species of  Macroteleia were recorded from Britain by Notton (2006) and a third species is reported here. Since limited British material is currently available, further variation, particularly in colour, may be encountered. Provisional synonymy between  M. minor and  M. brevigaster is discussed below. Numerous Palaearctic species of  Macroteleia are catalogued by Johnson (1992) and more have been described since (Kozlov &amp; Kononova 1987, 1990; Kononova &amp; Petrov 2003), although a number of old names have not been accounted for by recent authors, so some further synonymy may yet occur. The host relations of the British species are unknown, although other species of  Macroteleia are solitary parasitoids of the eggs of bush crickets (  Orthoptera :  Tettigoniidae ) (Muesebeck 1977). </p>
            <p> Key to females of British  Macroteleia</p>
            <p> 1. Gastral tergite 3 with lateral areas not defined; body less elongate (Fig. 10): exposed part of apical tergite 1.4–1.6 times as long as wide; postmarginal vein 1.4–1.6 times as long as marginal (body black; scape red-brown; legs red-brown, all coxae darkened) ……………  Macroteleia brevigaster Masner, 1976</p>
            <p>- Gastral tergite 3 with lateral area on each side defined by a longitudinal carina; body more elongate (Figs 4, 7): exposed part of apical tergite 2.2–2.6 times as long as wide; postmarginal vein 1.7– 2.3 times as long as marginal ………………………………………………………………………2</p>
            <p> 2. Gastral tergite 3 transverse, 1.2 times as wide as long; exposed part of apical tergite 2.2 times as long as wide; postmarginal vein 1.7 times as long as marginal (body black; scape dark brown with base orange-brown; legs orange-brown, mid and hind coxae darkened) ………………………………………………………  Macroteleia atrata Kozlov &amp; Kononova, 1987</p>
            <p> - Gastral tergite 3 as long as wide; exposed part of apical tergite 2.6 times as long as wide; postmarginal vein 2.3 times as long as marginal (body dark brown to black above, yellow to yellow brown below; scape yellow-brown; legs including coxae yellow) ………………  Macroteleia bicolora Kieffer, 1908</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A9E62FF99D425FDDBC69B457DFCB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Notton, David G.;Popovici, Ovidiu A.;Achterberg, Cornelis Van;Rond, Jeroen De;Burn, John T.	Notton, David G., Popovici, Ovidiu A., Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Rond, Jeroen De, Burn, John T. (2014): Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 99 (99): 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.99
038A9E62FF9CD426FD9FC16E419EFE71.text	038A9E62FF9CD426FD9FC16E419EFE71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macroteleia atrata Kozlov & Kononova 1987	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Macroteleia atrata Kozlov &amp; Kononova, 1987</p>
            <p>Figs 4–6</p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> M. atrata was first recorded from Britain (Kent) by Notton (2006). Its distribution and favoured habitats are poorly known. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A9E62FF9CD426FD9FC16E419EFE71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Notton, David G.;Popovici, Ovidiu A.;Achterberg, Cornelis Van;Rond, Jeroen De;Burn, John T.	Notton, David G., Popovici, Ovidiu A., Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Rond, Jeroen De, Burn, John T. (2014): Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 99 (99): 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.99
038A9E62FF9CD426FDD3C266418CFA2E.text	038A9E62FF9CD426FDD3C266418CFA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macroteleia bicolora Kieffer 1908	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Macroteleia bicolora Kieffer, 1908</p>
            <p>Figs 7–9</p>
            <p>Identification</p>
            <p> This specimen was identified to genus using the key by Masner (1980) but it did not agree with either of the two previously known British species of  Macroteleia (Notton, 2006) . The identity of the species was confirmed by the second author, who has examined the type and compared it to published descriptions (Kieffer 1908, 1914, 1926; Kozlov 1987; Kononova &amp; Kozlov 2008). Johnson (1992) catalogued numerous Palaearctic species of this genus and more have been described since (Kozlov &amp; Kononova 1987, 1990; Kononova &amp; Petrov 2003), although many of the older species have not been reinterpreted recently, and it is possible that the name  M. bicolora will turn out to be a synonym. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p>ENGLAND: Hants, Botley Wood, SU 5409, ♀, 31 Jul. 2007, Malaise trap, K. J. Wheeler (BMNH).</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p>This species was originally described from Italy by Kieffer (1908), and its distribution includes: Northern Italy, Kazakhstan, Russia (Northern Caucasus), Ukraine (Kononova &amp; Kozlov 2008) and Denmark (Buhl 1999). It is recorded here as new to Britain.</p>
            <p>Biology</p>
            <p>The biology of this species is poorly known; however, the habitat at the Botley Wood Local Nature Reserve and SSSI is an extensive area of varied woodland, scrub and grassland with rides and ancient droveways of high conservation significance for invertebrates managed by Hampshire County Council/ Natural England.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A9E62FF9CD426FDD3C266418CFA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Notton, David G.;Popovici, Ovidiu A.;Achterberg, Cornelis Van;Rond, Jeroen De;Burn, John T.	Notton, David G., Popovici, Ovidiu A., Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Rond, Jeroen De, Burn, John T. (2014): Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 99 (99): 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.99
038A9E62FF9CD428FDAEC5CE41AEFE7B.text	038A9E62FF9CD428FDAEC5CE41AEFE7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macroteleia brevigaster Masner 1976	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Macroteleia brevigaster Masner, 1976</p>
            <p>Figs 10–12</p>
            <p> Apegus punctatus Kieffer, 1908: 150 , 161 (preoccupied). </p>
            <p> Macroteleia brevigaster Masner, 1976: 27 (replacement name for Ageus  punctatus ). </p>
            <p> ?  Macroteleia minor Kozlov &amp; Kononova, 1987: 93 , 95 (syn. nov.). </p>
            <p>Biology</p>
            <p>Combined records of Masner (1956) and Notton (2006) suggest that this species prefers dry grassland and dune habitats.</p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> M. brevigaster was first recorded from Britain (Devon and the Isle of Wight) by Notton (2006, as  M. minor ). It appears that  M. brevigaster and  M. minor are the same species, based on the interpretation of the former by Masner (1956, as  Parapegus punctatus ) and its similarity with the description of Kozlov &amp; Kononova’s species. Unfortunately the types of neither  A. punctatus nor  M. minor could be examined, so the new synonymy proposed here is provisional. The new synonymy suggests that the distribution of this species is much wider: Bulgaria (Kononova &amp; Petrov 2003, as  M. minor ); Czech Republic and Slovakia (Masner 1956, as  P. punctatus ); England and the Channel Islands (Notton 2006, as  M. minor ); Hungary (Kozlov 1978, as  P. punctatus ); Northern Italy (Kieffer 1908, as  A. punctatus ); Romania (Popovici 2007; Fabritius &amp; Popovici 2007, as  M. minor ); and Ukraine (Kozlov &amp; Kononova 1987, as  M. minor ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A9E62FF9CD428FDAEC5CE41AEFE7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Notton, David G.;Popovici, Ovidiu A.;Achterberg, Cornelis Van;Rond, Jeroen De;Burn, John T.	Notton, David G., Popovici, Ovidiu A., Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Rond, Jeroen De, Burn, John T. (2014): Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 99 (99): 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.99
038A9E62FF92D42AFDABC2C243F8FD42.text	038A9E62FF92D42AFDABC2C243F8FD42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sycophila binotata Fonscolombe 1832	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sycophila binotata Fonscolombe, 1832</p>
            <p>Figs 13–14</p>
            <p>Identification</p>
            <p> This species keyed easily in Zerova (1978 – as  Eudecatoma binotata ) and agrees with the concept of Z. Bouček and M. Graham (Graham 1992), based on the lectotype designated by Graham, and specimens determined by Bouček and Graham in BMNH, and was confirmed by R. R. Askew (pers. comm.). The species is highly distinctive among European  Sycophila in having two dark fasciae on each fore wing. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> ENGLAND: London, Fulham, Imperial Wharf, TQ263765, ♀, ex gall of  Aphelonyx cerricola on  Quercus suber , gall coll. 21 Mar. 2010, M. Barclay, BMNH (E)969429; ♀, same data, except gall coll. 26 Sep. 2011, BMNH (E)969430. </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> S. binotata has a widespread distribution in southern Europe including Spain, France, Italy, and the Balkans (Noyes 2013; Askew et al. 2013), although it was not recovered during a recent survey of parasitoids of  A. cerricola (Giraud, 1859) in central Europe (Melika et al. 2002). It is recorded here as new to Britain. </p>
            <p>Biology</p>
            <p> British material of  S. binotata was reared from the galls of  Aphelonyx cerricola collected from  Quercus suber L. The exact insect host was not established, since other inquiline and parasitoid  Hymenoptera were also present as well as the gall causer; however, it has apparently not been reared from galls of  Aphelonyx previously (Melika et al. 2002; Askew et al. 2013) and is normally an oligophagous endoparasitoid of  Plagiotrochus spp. (  Cynipidae ) on evergreen species of  Quercus L. of sections  Cerris Loudon and Ilex Loudon (Gómez et al. 2013). The history of the  Quercus suber trees which hosted the British  S. binotata is of some interest – they were planted as well-established saplings during the winter of 2005–2006, and their origin is most likely to have been Italy; novel  Coleoptera found in association with these trees are likely to have come from Italy and an Italian coin was found in the soil around their roots (M. V. L. Barclay pers. comm.), so it seems likely that the  S. binotata was imported with the trees direct from Italy and has survived for several generations in Britain. </p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> If, as seems likely,  S. binotata was imported together with its gall wasp host and host tree, this is of considerable interest for studies of the recruitment of parasitoids of invasive gall wasps in the UK. Some previous studies of the parasitoids of invasive gall wasps in the UK have considered two main methods of recruitment, either recruitment from an existing pool of native parasitoids, or that populations of parasitoids might pursue host gall wasps as they spread continuously across Europe, the former appearing more likely (Schönrogge et al. 2006, 2011). However, the presence of the previously non-British  S. binotata in London , in circumstances where good-sized trees were imported, raises a third, more radical possibility, that recruitment is not necessary when parasitoids are not lost by their cynipid hosts. Oak trees could be imported through the horticulture trade with a community of gall wasps and parasitoids more or less intact; this would of course be much faster than the unassisted, or partially assisted, spread of both gall wasp and parasitoid. It is of course possible that other parasitoids have also been imported in this way; such introductions may be easily overlooked, especially where the same species already occurs in Britain. Without historical evidence of the circumstances of importation of host gall wasps, such instances could have been misinterpreted as recruitment from the existing pool of native parasitoids, so caution is needed when interpreting recruitment studies of such imported gall wasps. Given the numbers of good-sized oaks used in the UK for prestigious building developments and parks, in particular  Quercus ilex L. and its associated gall wasp species, e.g.,  Plagiotrochus Mayr, 1881 , the potential for other parasitoids to be introduced in this way is clear. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A9E62FF92D42AFDABC2C243F8FD42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Notton, David G.;Popovici, Ovidiu A.;Achterberg, Cornelis Van;Rond, Jeroen De;Burn, John T.	Notton, David G., Popovici, Ovidiu A., Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Rond, Jeroen De, Burn, John T. (2014): Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 99 (99): 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.99
038A9E62FF90D42DFDBAC3A4443DFE10.text	038A9E62FF90D42DFDBAC3A4443DFE10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schizoprymnus collaris (Thomson 1874)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Schizoprymnus collaris (Thomson, 1874)</p>
            <p>Figs 15–25</p>
            <p> Sigalphus collaris Thomson, 1874: 557</p>
            <p> Triaspis collaris – auct. </p>
            <p>Identification</p>
            <p> Schizoprymnus collaris keys readily to genus using the key to subfamily and notes given by Shaw &amp; Huddleston (1991) and also the key to genera by Tobias et al. (1995). There is no key specifically to British species of  Schizoprymnus , and this species will not run in the key to European  Schizoprymnus by Tobias et al. (1995), which erroneously includes  S. collaris in the key to  Triaspis Haliday, 1838 . However, the British specimen has been directly compared with the lectotype of  S. collaris and agrees well.  S. collaris is an aberrant species when compared to other  Schizoprymnus and may be distinguished from other British species in this genus as follows: frontal crest absent, at most a blunt ridge; antennal scrobes with regular transverse striations (Fig. 16); lateral carina of scutellum absent (Fig. 18); sutures of carapace weakly developed but present laterally, the first suture perpendicular to the margin, the second suture directed obliquely backwards (Fig. 17); third tergite largely convex with only weak concavity at extreme apex and deep medial incision in posterior margin to accommodate ovipositor (Fig. 19); apical margin of carapace not turned under, so that sternites are not concealed; ovipositor extending beyond apex of carapace by 1.2-1.3 times length of carapace (Fig. 15); pronotum and mesonotum extensively marked with red and hind femur red (Fig. 17). </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p>ENGLAND: Wiltshire, Porton Down, The Breck, 51°8’30.9”N 1°38’23.3”W, 105 m, chalk heath, meadow / scrub, ♀, 3Aug. 2012, D. G. Notton, BMNH (E)2012-120, BMNH (E)968229 (Natural History Museum, London).</p>
            <p>GERMANY: ♀, pre-1859, M. Ruthe coll., [BMNH (E)18]59.101 (BMNH).</p>
            <p>SWEDEN: [Skåne, Båstad], ♀, Thomson coll., lectotype (Entomological Collection of Lund University).</p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> S. collaris is rare in collections but has previously been recorded from France, Germany, Lithuania, The Netherlands and Sweden (Thomson 1874; van Achterberg 2009), but is not included in the recent British checklists of Fitton et al. (1978) or Broad et al. (2012) and so is recorded here as new for Britain. </p>
            <p>Biology</p>
            <p> Host relations of  S. collaris are unknown; however, other  Schizoprymnus species are known to be koinobiont egg-larval parasitoids of weevils (  Curculionidae ), seed beetles (  Chrysomelidae :  Bruchinae ) and tumbling flower beetles (  Mordellidae ) (Shaw &amp; Huddleston 1991; Belokobylskij &amp; Maetô 2007; Güçlü &amp; Özbek 2011). The habitat, where the English specimen was collected is a rare herb-rich chalk heath habitat with  Juniperus communis L.,  Betula L. and small amounts of other scrub (English Nature 1999). </p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> A syntype was examined from the Thomson Collection, at the University of Lund, and is designated here as the lectotype in order to remove any possible ambiguity about the application of this name.  S. collaris was previously placed in  Schizoprymnus by Telenga (1941: 351) and while recently it has been considered a  Triaspis , its position in  Schizoprymnus is confirmed here. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A9E62FF90D42DFDBAC3A4443DFE10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Notton, David G.;Popovici, Ovidiu A.;Achterberg, Cornelis Van;Rond, Jeroen De;Burn, John T.	Notton, David G., Popovici, Ovidiu A., Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Rond, Jeroen De, Burn, John T. (2014): Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 99 (99): 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.99
038A9E62FF97D42DFDFDC209457CFB72.text	038A9E62FF97D42DFDFDC209457CFB72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laelius Ashmead 1893	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Laelius Ashmead, 1893</p>
            <p> One species of this genus,  Laelius microneurus , was reported previously from Britain and was keyed by Perkins (1976). Recent taxonomic work has shown that this species should be called  L. femoralis (see below for discussion and synonymy). A second species,  L. pedatus , is newly reported here from Britain. The two species may be identified from the key by Vikberg &amp; Koponen (2005); a simplified key is presented here for the British species. </p>
            <p> Key to females of British  Laelius</p>
            <p> 1. Stigmal vein straight or almost straight, barely or not widened apically; pterostigma brown, slightly darker than basal vein, and without a seta which is longer than the nearby setae on the costal vein; apex of costal cell with several short setae; propodeum with discal longitudinal carinae slightly converging posteriorly; disc of fore wing hyaline (normally found outdoors) ………………………………………………………………………  Laelius femoralis (Förster, 1860)</p>
            <p> - Stigmal vein curved and apically broadened; pterostigma as pale as basal vein and with dorsal seta which is longer than the nearby setae on the subcostal vein; apex of costal cell with 0(–1) small setae; propodeum with discal longitudinal carinae slightly diverging posteriorly, furthest apart at about posterior 2/3; disc of fore wing infuscate (normally found indoors) ………  Laelius pedatus (Say, 1836)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A9E62FF97D42DFDFDC209457CFB72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Notton, David G.;Popovici, Ovidiu A.;Achterberg, Cornelis Van;Rond, Jeroen De;Burn, John T.	Notton, David G., Popovici, Ovidiu A., Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Rond, Jeroen De, Burn, John T. (2014): Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 99 (99): 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.99
038A9E62FF97D42EFDEDC56041C9FABE.text	038A9E62FF97D42EFDEDC56041C9FABE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laelius pedatus (Say 1836)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Laelius pedatus (Say, 1836)</p>
            <p>Figs 26-28</p>
            <p>Identification</p>
            <p> This species was provisionally identified by John Burn and confirmed by Jeroen de Rond; it may be identified using the key by Vikberg &amp; Koponen (2005) covering Scandinavian species of  Laelius ; they provided a redescription of both sexes and illustrated the wing venation and propodeum of the female and genitalia and apical sclerites of the male. Vikberg &amp; Koponen discussed the steps they took, in the absence of the original type material, to ensure that their interpretation was consistent with previous works such as Evans (1978). The specimens mentioned as plesiotype and plesiallotype by Evans (1978) have no type status as these terms are not recognised by the ICZN; they are merely the specimens on which he based his redescription. The recent specimens mentioned by Vikberg &amp; Koponen (2005) as paratypes are not paratypes; this is an error, since Say’s type(s) are lost. </p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p>ENGLAND: London, Lewisham, TQ388757, ♀, 19 May 2013, in kitchen, D. G. Notton; London, The Natural History Museum, Entomology Department, TQ265790, ♀, Jul. 1996, A. Polaszek; London, The Natural History Museum, Palaeontology Department, ICZN Secretariat Office, TQ267790, ♀, 2 Oct. 2008, walking across desk, D. G. Notton; London, Streatham Hill, TQ304725, ♂, 7 Jul. 2006, G. Broad; Berks, Ascot, Silwood Park, numerous ♀♀, ♂♂, 1993, in culture, D. Morgan (all BMNH).</p>
            <p> THE NETHERLANDS: Leiden University, ♀, cultured on  Trogoderma angustum (Solier, 1849) (wasps from this culture originated from Madison University, Wisconsin, U.S.A.), P. Mayhew (BMNH). </p>
            <p>Distribution</p>
            <p> Originating from the New World: Canada, United States of America, Mexico and Brazil (Gordh &amp; Móczár 1990). More recently recorded from Europe: The Netherlands (Heitmans 1998), Finland (Vikberg &amp; Koponen 2005) and now Britain.  L. pedatus was kept in culture in Britain by David Morgan at Imperial College (probably the Imperial College field station at Silwood Park near Ascot, Berkshire, U.K.) for some time from at least 1993 (Mayhew 1998), and the possibility of escapees cannot be excluded as a source of the British specimens reported here. Morgan’s culture originated from a culture kept by the United States Department of Agriculture in Hoboken, New Jersey (Morgan &amp; Cook 1994). An alternative possibility is that wasps were introduced from mainland Europe, where free-living wasps have been present since at least 1987 (Vikberg &amp; Koponen 2005). </p>
            <p>Biology</p>
            <p> L. pedatus is a parasitoid of the larvae of various species of carpet beetles (  Coleoptera ,  Dermestidae ), including those which are pests of stored products and museum collections. In Europe the wasp has previously only been found indoors (Gordh &amp; Móczár 1990; Heitmans 1998; Vikberg &amp; Koponen 2005), as were the British specimens. </p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> The presence of  L. pedatus in museums is a matter for concern not because of any problem caused by the wasp itself, but because it may indicate the presence of long standing dermestid infestations upon which they prey. Since the adults of this wasp are quite mobile they might be found on the sticky traps used for museum pest monitoring. Anyone encountering bethylid wasps in these situations is invited to submit the specimens to the senior author in order that the spread of this species can be monitored. One of the localities given above, the old Entomology Building at the Natural History Museum, London, has been demolished and replaced by the new Darwin Centre, which has much improved environmental control and pest management. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A9E62FF97D42EFDEDC56041C9FABE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Notton, David G.;Popovici, Ovidiu A.;Achterberg, Cornelis Van;Rond, Jeroen De;Burn, John T.	Notton, David G., Popovici, Ovidiu A., Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Rond, Jeroen De, Burn, John T. (2014): Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 99 (99): 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.99
038A9E62FF94D430FDCCC55C44D5FEC1.text	038A9E62FF94D430FDCCC55C44D5FEC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laelius femoralis (Forster 1860)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Laelius femoralis (Förster, 1860)</p>
            <p> Allepyris microneurus Kieffer, 1906: 416-417 (syn. nov.). </p>
            <p> Allepyris nigricrus Kieffer, 1906: 417 (syn. nov.). </p>
            <p>Identification</p>
            <p> Material (previously identified as  L. microneurus ) in BMNH was reidentified according to the key by Vikberg &amp; Koponen (1995) to confirm the presence of  L. femoralis in Britain.</p>
            <p>Material examined</p>
            <p> ENGLAND: Berkshire, Silwood Park, 18 Aug. 1975, dead spruce, O.W. Richards, B.M.1967-510; Kent, Beckenham, 9 Jul. 1972, D.E. Kimmins; Surrey, Kew, 17 Jul. 1977, from  Crataegus Linnaeus, 1753 , specimen number 15,576, V.F. Eastop (all BMNH). </p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> Berland (1928) studied the female types of  L. macrocerus and  L. nigricrus (in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) and could not find any difference between them, so he synonymised the two names. It was first suggested that  L. microneurus was a synonym of  L. femoralis by de Rond (in Vikberg &amp; Koponen 2005) and from subsequent examination of all the types, including the female neotype of  L. femoralis (in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden), de Rond has come to the conclusion that both  L. microneurus and  L. nigricrus are junior synonyms of  L. femoralis . This means that the species in Britain referred to as  L. microneurus by Perkins (1976) should now be called  L. femoralis . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A9E62FF94D430FDCCC55C44D5FEC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Notton, David G.;Popovici, Ovidiu A.;Achterberg, Cornelis Van;Rond, Jeroen De;Burn, John T.	Notton, David G., Popovici, Ovidiu A., Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Rond, Jeroen De, Burn, John T. (2014): Parasitoid wasps new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Eurytomidae, Braconidae & Bethylidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 99 (99): 1-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.99
