taxonID	type	description	language	source
038D3D37FF9AFF86C0E572EA6957F819.taxon	description	Description: Colony is lobular and laterally flattened, 2.0 cm high, attached to the substrate by a narrow base (0.5 cm thick). Tunic translucent and gelatinous. Presence of marked depressions on the colony surface and fine sediment next to the base. Zooids yellowish, visible through the tunic, not organized in systems. Zooids with approximate total length of 5.25 mm; post-abdomen of variable size (length range – thorax and abdomen = 1.66 – 2.24 mm; post-abdomen = 0.96 – 5.76 mm). Branchial siphon tubular, measuring 0.11 – 0.16 mm, with six well-defined lobes. Atrial aperture small with smooth edges, located at the level of the third stigmata row; atrial languet simple, up to 0.32 mm long. Musculature conspicuous, formed by 15 to 20 thin parallel longitudinal bundles on each side of the zooid. Pharynx with 12 or 13 rows of stigmata. The number of stigmata per row could not be counted. Esophagus short. Stomach elongated or slightly flattened in the anterior and posterior ends, with 10 to 11 continuous longitudinal folds. The size of the stomach and esophagus together are equal to about half the length of the abdomen. The intestine is divided into three parts due to the presence of a posterior stomach and the strong constriction between the medium intestine and the rectal valve discernible in some zooids. The anal opening is located at the level of the eighth stigmata row. Abdomen and post-abdomen not divided by a constriction. Gonads, embryos or larvae are absent.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF9AFF86C0E572EA6957F819.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to the original description of Aplidium antillense, the main diagnostic characters of the species were 12 rows of stigmata in the pharynx, stomach with 12 to 14 longitudinal folds, intestine divided into three parts, and well-defined post-abdomen (Gravier, 1955). Later, other authors described some variations in these characters, such as pharynx with 10 to 13 rows of stigmata, and stomach with 10 to 14 folds (Monniot, 1972; Monniot, 1983; Sanamyan & Gleason, 2009). In spite of the state of the colony and the lack of information on living coloration, we are confident of the identification of this material because the characteristics match the previous descriptions for the species.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF9BFF81C0E576FF68B5FE2D.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material: collected in 1 / 9 / 1967; 7 / 4 / 1966 and 3 / 3 / 1967, respectively; 73.2 m, 27 ° 37 ’ N, 084 ° 13 ’ W, specimens # EJ- 67 - 80; # EJ- 66 - 118 and # EJ- 67 - 316.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF9BFF81C0E576FF68B5FE2D.taxon	description	Description: Colonies of lobular shape and irregular surface, 3.2 to 5.5 cm high. Tunic brownish or whitish, of cartilaginous consistency. Attachment area of variable thickness, with some sediment and shell fragments in the attachment. Zooids distributed irregularly without evidence of systems organization. Zooids were contracted, cream colored, with thorax and abdomen together measuring 1.10 – 3.91 mm and postabdomen 0.42 – 7.03 mm. Branchial siphon 0.16 – 0.29 mm long, exhibiting six rounded or sharp lobes. Atrial opening is small and slightly lobed, located between the second and fourth rows of stigmata. Atrial languet simple, up to 0.48 mm long. Zooids musculature evident formed by approximately 20 to 30 thin parallel longitudinal bundles along each side of the zooid. Pharynx with 16 – 21 rows of stigmata. The number of stigmata per row could not be counted. Esophagus short, connected to a slightly elongated stomach, flattened in the anterior and posterior ends, with thin walls, exhibiting 10 to 17 irregular longitudinal folds, and four to five transversal ones. The esophagus and stomach together occupy almost the whole length of the abdomen. Posterior stomach absent. Anal opening located between the level of the eleventh and fourteenth rows of stigmata. Post-abdomen of variable size and very opaque, impairing gonad visualization. Several small follicles distributed around the edges of the postabdomen. Only one poorly developed larva was found in the colony, measuring 0.80 mm, and tail wound ¾ way around the trunk.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF9BFF81C0E576FF68B5FE2D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Aplidium bermudae was originally described with 18 rows of stigmata and transversal folds in the stomach (Van Name, 1902). However, some authors observed variations in some important characters, such as the number of stigmata rows varying from 13 (Monniot, 1974; Monniot & Monniot, 1984) to 15 and 17 (Monniot, 1972; Van Name, 1921; Van Name, 1945), and in the stomach structure, described as having 8 longitudinal folds together with transversal structures (Monniot, 1972) or 10 to 18 longitudinal folds (Van Name, 1921; Van Name, 1945). The deposited material in the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) collection was examined and specimens identified as A. bermudae had 12 to 14 (NMNH 7011), 15 to 16 (NMNH 1300) or 22 rows of stigmata in the pharynx (NMNH 14843); and 10 (NMNH 1300), 12 (NMNH 7011) or 14 longitudinal folds in the stomach (NMNH 7157). Due to the considerable variation observed, it is probable that more than one species were lumped together and a more thorough review including type material is necessary.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF9DFF82C0E570706AFAF8F4.taxon	description	Description: The colony is formed by two lobules with rounded borders, 1.9 cm and 4.9 cm high, stemming from a broad base with some sediment included. Tunic cream colored with a soft gelatinous consistency. Colony surface sediment free and very irregular with undistinguished zooids systems. Zooids slender and contracted with average length of 7.30 mm (length range – thorax plus abdomen = 1.54 – 2.24 mm; post-abdomen = 3.8 4 – 6.60 mm). Branchial siphon between 0.13 – 0.16 mm and six rounded lobes. Atrial opening located between the third and fourth rows of stigmata, slightly rounded and relatively broad when compared with species of the same genus. Atrial languet is simple and very short, up to 0.21 mm long. Around 20 muscular bundles, longitudinal and parallel, reaching the post-abdomen. Pharynx with 13 to 14 stigmata rows. It was not possible to observe the number of stigmata on each side. Very short esophagus. Stomach strongly flattened in the anterior and posterior ends, with 22 to 25 longitudinal continuous or interrupted folds. The stomach and esophagus size together is equal to almost half the length of the abdomen. Posterior stomach present. Anal opening located between the height of the eight and tenth stigmata rows. Abdomen and post-abdomen without a constriction between them. Gonads were well developed in the zooids, and testicular follicles could occupy nearly all postabdomen. Ovary located near the intestinal loop, composed of oocytes with different sizes. The posterior portion of the thorax may hold up to two embryos. Larvae up to 0.64 mm in length and a tail wound less than halfway around the trunk, three adhesive papillae with long and thin peduncles, without conspicuous ampullae, and few epidermal vesicles distributed in the anterior portion of the trunk.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF9DFF82C0E570706AFAF8F4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The original description of Aplidium constellatum is fairly succinct; however, later descriptions included the presence of 10 to 13 rows of stigmata (Van Name, 1945; Monniot, 1983). Some of the zooids in the Gulf of Mexico material had 14 stigmata rows, but we do not believe this discrepancy is within the expected range. The number of folds in the stomach described here coincided with those observed by Van Name (1945). In contrast, Monniot (1983) observed only 15 to 20 longitudinal folds in the stomach, pointing to a larger variation of this feature for this species.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF9FFF8CC0E572A068D6FBC8.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Species name refers to the “ Hourglass ” cruises.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF9FFF8CC0E572A068D6FBC8.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material: Holotype: collected in 7 / 6 / 1966, 27 ° 37 ’ N, 084 ° 13 ’ W, 73.2 m, specimen # EJ- 66 - 222.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF9FFF8CC0E572A068D6FBC8.taxon	description	Description: Colony of irregular format, measuring 1.8 cm x 0.4 cm, attached to the substrate by the whole basal portion. Colony surface smooth and without incrustations. Small amounts of foreign material in the matrix and base of the colony. Tunic soft, transparent and yellowish, zooids with a darker brownish coloration. Zooids not organized in systems. Presence of copepods in the tunic matrix. The zooids may vary between 1.50 – 2.24 mm in length depending on the contraction state (length range – thorax and abdomen = 1.12 – 1.44 mm; post-abdomen = 0.32 – 0.80 mm). Branchial siphon very short, measuring 0.08 – 0.12 mm and exhibiting six rounded lobes. Atrial opening short and smooth edged, located beside the second stigmata row. Atrial languet simple and very small, maximum length of 0.20 mm. Muscles are strong, with 10 to 15 longitudinal bundles in each side of the body running in parallel along the zooid. Pharynx with 10 rows of stigmata. The number of stigmata per row could not be counted. Esophagus short. Stomach slightly squared and flattened in the anterior and posterior ends, with 25 to 30 well-defined continuous longitudinal folds. The size of the esophagus and stomach together are equal to slightly more than half of the abdomen length. Posterior stomach discernible in some zooids. Anal opening located beside the fifth row of stigmata. Abdomen and post-abdomen not separated by a constriction. Gonads developed in some zooids; however, in most zooids, gonads are poorly developed, around 15 testicular follicles organized in a double row together with six yellow ovules. Up to three embryos and / or larvae in a single series in the posterior thorax region. Larvae up to 1.04 mm long, 11 to 16 adhesive papillae with long and thin peduncles, ampullae absent, several small epidermal vesicles distributed over the whole larva; tail wound halfway around the trunk.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF9FFF8CC0E572A068D6FBC8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Aplidium hourglassum is distinguished by the combination of a small number of rows of stigmata, a large number of stomach folds, and numerous adhesive papillae in the large larvae. The genus Aplidium is fairly diverse, comprising about 280 valid species (WoRMS, accessed 26 September 2017). According to Kott’s review, only A. triggsense (Kott, 1963) and A. multipapillatum (Millar, 1975) have an uncommon number of adhesive papillae in the larvae (Kott, 1992). The Aplidium multipapillatum, common in the China Sea, has only four to six papillae, which is much lower than the number found in A. hourglassum. (Millar, 1975). In contrast, the larvae from A. triggsense, a common species in the waters of western Australia and New Caledonia, have seven to fourteen adhesive papillae, but are considerably smaller, measuring only 0.60 mm, and a zooid with just 15 to 16 longitudinal folds in the stomach (Kott, 1963; Kott, 1992). Hence, both differ from A. hourglassum, which has larvae up to 1.04 mm long, 14 – 16 adhesive papillae, and 25 – 30 stomach folds. After Kott’s review in 1992, no other species with this number of papillae was described for this genus.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF90FF8DC0E576536FABF92E.taxon	description	Description: Lobular colony measuring 6.5 x 3.0 cm, attached by a broad base with sediment included. Tunic cream colored, slightly transparent, of gelatinous consistency. Surface free of sediment or incrustations and very irregular due to the depressions that mark the zooid systems, a common characteristic in this species after the material fixation (Sanamyan & Gleason, 2009). Zooids elongated and opaque, average length of 10.03 mm (length range – thorax plus abdomen = 3.70 – 4.23 mm; post-abdomen = 3.04 – 8.90 mm). Branchial siphon tubular, 0.27 – 0.37 mm long, six rounded lobes. Atrial opening smooth, located at the level of the fourth or fifth stigmata row. Atrial languet simple and short, measuring 0.27 mm at most. Around 20 longitudinal muscle fibers sparsely distributed parallel to the post-abdomen. Pharynx with 15 to 20 stigmata rows. The number of stigmata per row could not be counted. Esophagus long, measuring about a third of the thorax length. Stomach relatively large and strongly flattened in the posterior and anterior ends, positioned in the middle of the abdomen, with approximately 28 mostly continuous folds. The esophagus and stomach size together are more than half the abdomen length. Posterior stomach present at the posterior end of the abdomen. Anal opening at the height of the eleventh or twelfth stigmata rows. Small constriction between abdomen and post-abdomen. Zooids with well-developed gonads and a thick spermiduct. Male follicles occupying either the posterior side of the post-abdomen in a unique series or in a double series; ovary located in the middle portion of the post-abdomen, among the testicular follicles, formed by one or two large oocytes and some other smaller ones. The half posterior side of the thorax takes five to six embryos and larvae in a unique or double series. Larvae up to 0.86 mm long, exhibiting a tail wound around more than halfway of the trunk with three adhesive papillae with long peduncles and numerous short ampullae. Presence of epidermal vesicles clustered in the anterior region of the larvae.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF90FF8DC0E576536FABF92E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Aplidium ruzickai was recently described for the Georgia coast (U. S. A.). The authors observed 17 to 19 rows of stigmata in the pharynx (Sanamyan & Gleason, 2009); however, in the material herein described, we observed 20 stigmata rows, slightly increasing the variation range of the feature for this species.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF91FF8EC0E5757E69EFF8B4.taxon	description	Description: Colony large and rounded, cream colored when preserved, measuring 4.8 cm x 3.0 cm, attached by an area of around 3.5 cm. Tunic firm and devoid of incrustations. The zooids are positioned close to the colony surface, forming systems that are marked by depressions on the surface. Zooids are yellowish with an average length of 10.29 mm (length range – thorax plus abdomen = 2.53 – 3.35 mm; post-abdomen = 2.0 5 – 9.91 mm). Tubular branchial siphon with six rounded lobes, 0.13 – 0.32 mm long. Atrial opening is small and slightly lobed, positioned between the second and fourth stigmata rows. Atrial languet is simple and short measuring up to 0.23 mm. Muscles are thin and inconspicuous with about 15 longitudinal bundles running in parallel along each side of the body. Pharynx with 13 – 15 rows of stigmata. It was not possible to count the number of slits per row. Esophagus elongated, connected to a stomach in the middle of the abdomen. Stomach also elongated or slightly flattened in the anterior and posterior extremities, with 12 irregular longitudinal folds. The size of the esophagus and the stomach together is equal to slightly more than half the abdomen length. Posterior stomach absent, and the rectal valve is in the intestinal loop. Anal opening at the level of the tenth stigmata row. Abdomen and post-abdomen not separated by a constriction. Gonads in the post-abdomen, ovary in central position and testicular follicles distributed specially in the distal portion in single or double rows. Each zooid with up to two developing embryos, located in the posterior portion of the thorax. Larvae measured up to 0.77 mm, three adhesive papillae with short peduncles, four small ampullae, and a tail wound ¾ way around the trunk.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF91FF8EC0E5757E69EFF8B4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Several larvae brood were found in the thorax of Aplidium stellatum. This colony was sampled during May, a period Gotelli (1987) identified as the reproductive peak for the species in the Florida region. The original description of A. stellatum is very short; however, according to later descriptions, the pharynx may have 11 – 14 stigmata rows and 9 – 12 well-marked longitudinal folds in the stomach (Van Name, 1921; Van Name, 1945; Sanamyan & Gleason, 2009). The gonads seem to be the major diagnostic feature of the species, all fully developed in the examined material. However, the presence of epidermal vesicles was not described in the larvae examined by Sanamyan and Gleason (2009).	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF93FF88C0E577E36FC1F87D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species is named after Dr. David K. Camp, eminent carcinologist who encouraged and enabled our study of the Hourglass Cruises ascidian collection.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF93FF88C0E577E36FC1F87D.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material: collected in 2 / 3 / 1967, 11 / 09 / 1967 and 11 / 5 / 1967, respectively; 27 ° 37 ’ N, 083 ° 28 ’ W, 36.6 m, specimens # EJ- 67 - 162, # EJ- 67 - 330 and # EJ- 67 - 76.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF93FF88C0E577E36FC1F87D.taxon	description	Description: Flattened colonies with rounded edges, up to 9.1 cm long and average thickness of 0.6 cm. Small amounts of fine sand in the surface and in the broad attachment area of the colony. Tunic with brown coloration and of fleshy consistency. Zooids systems inconspicuous with the cloacal opening marked by a light elevation. Zooids with average length of 4.99 mm, an elongated thorax sometimes reaching half of the total size of the animal. Abdomen and post-abdomen are very short (length range: thorax plus abdomen = 2.43 – 5.76 mm; postabdomen = 0.51 – 0.90 mm). Branchial siphon tubular, measuring 0.08 – 0.24 mm, with six sharp lobes. Atrial languet with variable length (0.32 – 2.88 mm) and a pointed tip or small teeth. Atrial opening rounded, small and not connected to the atrial languet, located at the level of the fifth stigmata row. Six to eleven thin muscular longitudinal bundles on each side of the body, from the branchial siphon to half the length of the thorax. Musculature also found in the atrial languet, which can vary between seven and nine fibers. Pharynx with 13 – 18 rows of stigmata and 14 small and round branchial papillae in the transversal vessels of each side of the thorax. The number of stigmata per row could not be counted. Esophagus narrow. Stomach large, rounded, and yellow. The size of the esophagus and stomach together are equal to the abdomen length. Intestine short, with two evident constrictions. Anus is bilobed, opening at the level of the ninth stigmata row. Post-abdomen short, sac-like, with a thin peduncle of around 0.10 x 0.40 mm. Gonads were well-developed in two of the specimens analyzed, the ovary located in the central portion of the post-abdomen along with approximately 30 testicular follicles. The posterior half of the thorax takes up to six embryos in a single series. Larvae with up to 0.63 mm and three adhesive papillae with thin and long peduncles, four elongated ampullae, ectodermal vesicles in the ventral region, and a tail wound ¾ way around the trunk.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF93FF88C0E577E36FC1F87D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genus Polyclinum currently has only three valid species recorded in the Western Atlantic, namely P. constellatum, P. aurantium, and P. molle (Rocha et al., 2012 a). Polyclinum constellatum was described by Savingy (1816) based on specimens from Mauritius Islands, in the Indian Ocean. The original description, according to standards of the beginning of the 19 th century, is very brief. Savigny states that zooids are organized in conspicuous systems, and each zooid has 14 stigmata rows in the pharynx. Van Name (1921) recorded P. constellatum for the first time in the Atlantic, later confirmed by Monniot (1983) after a comparison of specimens from Guadeloupe with the type material.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF93FF88C0E577E36FC1F87D.taxon	description	Polyclinum molle was more recently described for the Brazilian coast (Rocha & Costa, 2005) and bore some similarities with the species herein described, especially regarding the larval ampullae (12), zooid size, and muscle pattern. However, there are marked differences in the number of stigmata rows and papillae in the pharynx, and in the larvae regarding its size and location of the vesicles. Considering all the similarities and differences, Polyclinum campi sp. n. is here described as a new species. Future surveys may determine whether it is still present in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF95FF8AC0E5744B6AEDF959.taxon	description	Alcyonium pulmonaria Ellis & Solander, 1786: 175 apud Berrill (1950).	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF95FF8AC0E5744B6AEDF959.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material: collected in 19 / 5 / 1966, 27 ° 37 ’ N, 083 ° 28 ’ W, 36.6 m, specimen # EJ- 66 - 203.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF95FF8AC0E5744B6AEDF959.taxon	description	Description: Colony formed by numerous stalked heads up to 1.2 cm long and 0.4 – 0.8 cm thick, with more than one cloacal opening in each. Tunic firm with sediment trapped in the lobes. Attached by a broad base with some foreign material included. Zooids long and slender, measuring 5.64 mm in length on average (length range: thorax plus abdomen = 2.56 – 3.10 mm; post-abdomen = 1.09 – 5.44 mm). Branchial siphon measuring between 0.11 – 0.22 mm with six round lobes. Atrial opening relatively broad and smooth, located between the second and fourth row of stigmata. Atrial languet with three small teeth between 0.19 – 0.96 mm in length. Around 20 longitudinal muscle fibers running in parallel on each side of the body, sparsely distributed and reaching the post-abdomen. Pharynx with 15 – 19 stigmata rows. It was not possible to observe the number of stigmata per row. Esophagus long. Stomach small and slightly areolated with anterior and posterior ends slightly flattened. The size of the stomach and esophagus together are equal to slightly more than half of the abdomen length. Posterior stomach absent. Anal opening located between the tenth to the thirteenth row of stigmata. Post-abdomen not marked by a constriction. Zooids with well-developed gonads, testicular follicles occupying only the posterior portion of the post-abdomen in a single and double row. Ovary in central position with up to three yellow oocytes of different sizes. The posterior portion of the thorax takes up to two embryos. Larvae with up to 1.30 mm, tail wound around slightly more than half the larvae trunk, dorsal and ventral vesicles in large quantities, three adhesive papillae with long and thin peduncles and four pairs of ampullae.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
038D3D37FF95FF8AC0E5744B6AEDF959.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Synoicum pulmonaria is widely distributed in cold waters, but it has never been found in or near the Gulf of Mexico. Moreover, the zooids from colonies collected during the Hourglass Cruises are much smaller than previous descriptions (Van Name, 1945; Berrill, 1950). Since this species has never been recorded near this region, and considering discrepancies in the zooids sizes, a comparison with reference material is needed to ascertain species identification.	en	Fortaleza, Maria Tarciana Vieira, Lotufo, Tito Monteiro Da Cruz (2018): Polyclinidae (Ascidiacea: Aplousobranchia) from the Gulf of Mexico, collected during the “ Hourglass ” cruises (1965 - 1967). Zootaxa 4422 (4): 519-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.4
